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11 Design & Technology Design Folio Brenten Delaney VCE

VCE Design & Technology Folio

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This is my year 12 Design & Tech folio that i made during the year. It is a record of what i did to construct my folio.

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Page 1: VCE Design & Technology Folio

11

Design & Technology Design Folio

Brenten Delaney

VCE

Page 2: VCE Design & Technology Folio

Client Profile: The client I will be working for is Mr Kevin Delaney; a 58 year old man who is a tall man who stands at 6ft 2inchs or 188cm’s in today’s modern scale of measurement. He enjoys reading newspapers and other materials that he enjoys. He also likes watching programs on TV which involve politics or world issues. He needs a coffee table because the one he has now is his daughters and she will be in need of it so will she be taking it back to her new house. He wants the coffee table to be able to store his reading material, cups and glasses and any other item that needs to be stored somewhere so they are not on the floor where they can be stood on and broken. He would also like a place where he can place things out of the way from the top of the table so there is no clutter. He would like it to match in with the other furniture such as the TV unit, dining table and side drawers. He wants this so it doesn’t stand out.

Page 3: VCE Design & Technology Folio

Specifications:

Constraints:

The coffee table must match the existing furniture such as the TV unit, couches, table and side table.

It must be about the same size of the old coffee table ( 850mm x 850mm x 414mm)

The coffee table must be built to the highest quality and have superior strength

It must have a dark brown finish

It must be finished before the old one is moved to their daughter’s house Considerations: Function:

The coffee table should be strong enough to hold a number of books, papers, cups, glasses and other items.

Materials:

The coffee table should be made out of materials that are strong and come up with an excellent finish

Appearance

It must fit in with the existing furniture in the room

There should be no rough surfaces on the finished product

All joins should be flush with one another Safety

It must be strong and sturdy

No sharp edges Client Profile/End User – Kevin Delaney

Male Adult (58 years old)

Teacher

Enjoys reading News Papers

Interest in Politics and World Events

Enjoys coffee, tea and other beverages

Page 4: VCE Design & Technology Folio

Meeting One

Date: 9/02/11 What would you like the coffee table to do? I would like it to hold my newspapers, books, cups and glasses instead of leaving them on the table where they could be knocked over or broken. I always want a place where we can store papers and other items out of view and of the top the table. Are there any materials that you would like to be incorporated into the design? It doesn’t bother me. But I would like it to match the TV unit in which the timber has had a dark stain to finish it. When would you like me to finish the product? Whenever the soonest you can. We will be able to deal without it for a while but it is a piece of furniture we use regularly. How much are you willing to spend on this piece of furniture? Spend as much money as you want. We want the best so spend as much money as you need How big would like it to be? 1000mm x 1000mm x 420mm minimum because that is a bit bigger than the old coffee table Have you seen any designs you have liked in books, magazines e.g.? The old coffee table. Pictures we have seen on the internet. What did you like about the old coffee table? The size was the main thing. It fitted nicely within our lounge room. Are there any particular ways you like us to construct your coffee table? No. Just make it strong and built to last Of what quality would you like me to construct your piece of Furniture? The best job you can do. Make it so it will last How Strong would like to the joins to be? So they can support a large amount of weight. Would you like us to paint or stain the table after we have finished it? The same colour as the TV unit, couches and the mahogany table and side drawer. Well that’s information for now, I’ll keep in touch with more updates and ill also organise another meeting soon.

Page 5: VCE Design & Technology Folio

Meeting Two:

12/04/2011

In this meeting we discussed what finish Mr Delaney would like. I showed him the results from the test that I conducted using the different stains applied to different types of timbers that Mr Delaney liked. What Timber do you like best before the stains have been applied? Well the red gum and Blackwood look better than the pine but I do know that red gum does cost the a lot. That’s true but if we stain in right then the pine would look just as good as the red gum or Blackwood. What stain do you like the best? The one with the Cabot’s Stain and Vanish Mahogany that has been applied to the pine. It is the closet colour out of them all to the existing furniture that is in our lounge room. It look pretty much the same when you put in next to the TV unit. Do you like any of the other tests? Yes the Red gum which has its natural colour with a stain looks great but I want the coffee table to match the living room so the pine has to be the one to use. Are you happy with the choice you have made? Yes definitely because I want the coffee table to look the same as the other furniture. Do you want us to put a nice edge on the coffee table? It doesn’t worry me as long as you remove the sharp edges because I have grandchildren and other young family members that could run into it and hurt themselves. Is there anything else that you want to know or want done? No I think that you have told me everything that I need to know. I’m keen to see the construction start to take part.

Page 6: VCE Design & Technology Folio

Meeting Three:

03/06/2011

In this meeting I had to tell Mr Delaney that we needed to change the design because we

were unable to get 90mm x 90mm legs for the coffee table. We talked about other designs

and what he wanted the table to look like with its modified design.

Mr Delaney I’m sorry but we will have to change your coffee table design because we are

unable to get 90mm x 90mm legs.

Oh that’s a bit of bad luck. What will we do now?

Well I’m here to talk to you about other designs. I have constructed the table top so if we

can incorporate that it will save you on cost.

Have you ordered all of the materials for the old table?

No I haven’t so we can pretty much start with a clean sheet. Here are some pictures that I

have found that have a similar table top to the one that I have constructed.

I like the ones with slates and the one with the drawers but they will take too long to build

isn’t that right.

Yes they do take a long time. I would have loved to have them in the coffee table but I

wouldn’t have been able to fit them in time.

Well I have taken a liking to the table with slates. Will that be hard to do?

No Not at all it will very simple. I’d builds the legs and a frame for the top and then screw

the slates to the legs. It will be easier than the previous design.

Well that’s great then. I was really looking forward to seeing the coffee table but I’m sure

that this one will look just as good and this one does look a lot more modern.

Well that’s good. That’s all I needed to tell and show you. I’ll come back and show you the

designs soon.

Page 7: VCE Design & Technology Folio

Evaluation Questions:

1. How will the coffee table match the existing furniture in the room? Firstly I will take photos of the client’s furniture that will be in the same room as the coffee table so I can always refer to the colour. I will also take home little samples of wood e.g. jarrah, red gum so I can find a match. I will do different stain test to determine what will look best and with what type of timber.

2. Will it meet the size requirements of the client’s demands?

Yes it will because I will accurately measure every piece of timber so the coffee table is built to the highest quality. I will also double check the measurements with the client before we begin construction of his product.

3. How will the coffee table look like the design the client picked out? I will draw up and construct scale models of the product and show the client so he has an idea and so do I of what I will be constructing for him.

4. Will the coffee table be as strong as the client would like it to be? Yes it will because I will research what timber has the best strength and conduct test which will include items being dropped on it. I will also research what joins provide a strong hold together.

5. How will it be made to the highest quality? I will ensure that I double check all my measurements and take my time constructing the coffee table so the highest quality is achieved and my client is 100% precent satisfied with his product

6. Will the coffee table be finished in time? Yes it will because when I begin to design it I will construct a time table that shows me week by week what I will have to do to stay on track. If I do not keep up with this time table I will put in the hours after school to make sure that the product is finished on time like I have planned.

7. Will the edges and surfaces finished to the desired quality?

I will make sure that there are no sharp or rough edges to ensure no body is injured while they are around the table. I will also make sure that that all surfaces of the coffee table are smooth and are have been stained to the clients standards to make sure that he is 100% precent satisfied.

8. Will the coffee table be able to support a minimum of 100 Kg?

The material I will be choosing one that has been proven to be sturdy and long lasting. I have also researched joins that will be able to support 100kg and more,

9. Will the table fit within the budget?

My client set no budget for the coffee table. All he wants is a product that looks good, is strong enough to support a large amount of weight and to fit in with the existing furniture. He wants to build the table to the highest quality to ensure that the product will last a long time.

Page 8: VCE Design & Technology Folio

Mr Delaney indicated

that he liked the look of

the thick chucky legs.

This is a similar Colour to the one that he is

looking for. His Other furniture is a dark

chocolate colour and he wants it to match in

He liked the drawers because it was

good for storage. He could hide

everything away so it looked tidy but

knew that they would take too long to

construct.

He would like a square coffee table

because it will look better in his lounge

room. He doesn’t mind rectangle shaped

coffee table but the previous one was a

square shaped one

Mr Delaney told me that he doesn’t want any glass to

be constructed into the table. There was an option for

that but doesn’t want that because it can easily break

Like the legs he likes the coffee

tables that look thick and chucky.

The solid looking coffee tables have

been amongst Mr Delaney’s

favourites

Page 9: VCE Design & Technology Folio

Joints:

We shall use the Biscuits method to join

the pieces of timber together for the top

the coffee table. We are using this

method because it is quick, easy and it

provides a very strong join using biscuits.

For the side bits of timber we shall

connect them to the legs by using dowel

joints. This style of butt joint is the

simplest of all methods of joining two

pieces wood together. However the

strength of the joint relies entirely on the

glue and any additional fixings such as

screws, pins, nails, tongues, biscuits,

corner blocks or in this case the dowels

used to strengthen, reinforce and hold

the wood together.

It is very important that we

choose the right joint methods

to use because one of thing Mr

Delaney asked for is the coffee

table to be strong and sturdy.

This joints should be able to

provide that strength and

sturdiness.

Page 10: VCE Design & Technology Folio

Mr Delaney has requested that the coffee table’s colour fits

in with the other furniture in the room. He wants it all to

match it so it doesn’t look out of the place. He would like

the coffee table to match the dark chocolate coloured TV

unit, couches, dining table and side drawer of which both

are and are very important to Mr Delaney. With our timber

choice of Pine we can get the timber exactly the colour our

client wants or at least very close to it.

The colour that I have found that is closest to the colour

that Mr Delaney is looking for is the Cabot’s Stain &

Varnish Mahogany. On pine this colour is very close to his

couches and TV unit a little bit darker than his mahogany

table and side drawer. That doesn’t worry him because it

will be closer to the TV unit and the couches.

The Colour Mr Delaney has chosen

Cabot’s Varnish & Stain Mahogany

Mt Delaney has indicated a second and third preference

with the varnish & stain just encase it doesn’t turn out the

way he wants it to. Before we stain the coffee table we will

ensure than material and colour tests have been

performed so we know exactly what it will look like. We

will even do it on other types of timber so we know just

encase that colour looks better.

Page 11: VCE Design & Technology Folio

Mr Delaney hasn’t indicated which type of timber he would prefer so that will depend on the cost,

how well it stains and how strong it is. I showed him some samples of the timber types and he liked

all of them so he would like me to find out the best timber for the coffee table. As a durability test I

am using the Janka Hardness and Durability rating to determine how strong and durable they are.

The Janka rating demands how hard or soft the timber is. If the timber is scored one then it is the

softest you can get. If the timber is score a 15 then it is the hardest you can get. The Durability

rating tests demands how durable it is and how good it is to resisting terminates and fungi. Above

ground is how durable it is above ground. The higher the class, the more durable it is.

Radiata Pine:

This time of timber is the cheapest out of all of the timber

choices that we have selected. Radiata pine can be painted or

stained any colour that Mr Delaney wants. In our the test that

I conducted radiata pine was the timber that came up best

using the Cabot’s Stain & Varnish mahogany colour. This

timber is always easy to obtain if there is mistakes while the table is being constructed.

Janka Hardness: 3.3

Durability: Above Ground Class 2

Red Gum:

Red gum is world renowned for how well it looks once it has

been sanded and stained. It comes up simply amazing. Red

gum is a relativity expensive timber and sometimes is hard to

find decent pieces of timber to use in the table that doesn’t

have knots in it. Red gum also didn’t come up very well when

we applied the stain that Mr Delaney preferred. It looked better with a natural oil but that colour

wasn’t the one Mr Delaney was looking for.

Janka Hardness: 10

Durability: Above Ground Class One

Jarrah:

Jarrah was the timber that looked like the colour Mr Delaney

was looking for before we even applied a stain. This was the

timber that cost the most and would be the hardest to

obtain. The natural of the colour of the timber was pretty

close to what we were looking for in to the test but when we

stain it, it didn’t look as good as the pine with the colour. It was the second preference of timber

with natural oil on it.

Janka Hardness: 8.5

Durability above Ground Class 2

Page 12: VCE Design & Technology Folio

Testing Materials:

Mr Delaney has indicated that he wants the colour of the coffee table to match his existing furniture

in the room. The colours of the furniture in the room range from dark chocolate to a very dark red

mahogany colour. He would like the coffee table to be a dark chocolate colour.

We have Chosen Three Different Stain and Varnishes To Test.

Cabot’s Stain & Varnish Mahogany:

This colour was the closet to the one that Mr Delaney wanted.

It looked great on the Radiata Pine but didn’t look as good on

the red Gum. We were unable to test the stain and varnishes

on Jarrah because we didn’t have any.

Cabot’s Stain & Varnish Red Mahogany:

Mr Delaney didn’t like the look of this colour of this colour

because it wasn’t close to any of the furniture in the room. It

made no difference to the red gum.

Cabot’s Stain & Varnish Western Jarrah:

This colour was one that Mr Delaney loved. It was very close

to his dining table and side drawer. The only thing that he

didn’t like was that it wouldn’t be very close to those pieces of

furniture. We tried a natural oil on the red gum and it came up

a million dollars but Mr Delaney knew that it wouldn’t work in

his lounge room.

In the end Mr Delaney decided on the Cabot’s Stain & Varnish Mahogany Colour because it was

nearly exactly the colour he was looking for.

Page 13: VCE Design & Technology Folio

Room Layout

Kitchen Bench

Tv & Unit

Couch

Couch

Chair

Purposed Place

of Coffee Table

Sid

e D

raw

er

Table & Chairs

Do

or

Do

or

Page 14: VCE Design & Technology Folio

Design Option One Questions VH H M L N/S

Will the table fit in the required space?

Does the table have room to store items out of sight?

Will the table be strong and sit flat on the required surface?

Does the Table have smooth edges?

Will the table be finished in time?

Does the table have a modern look?

Approximate costing: $200

Total amount of timber needed: 10 m

Page 15: VCE Design & Technology Folio

Design Option Two Questions VH H M L N/S

Will the table fit in the required space?

Does the table have room to store items out of sight?

Will the table be strong and sit flat on the required surface?

Does the Table have smooth edges?

Will the table be finished in time?

Does the table have a modern look?

Approximate costing: $ 200

Total amount of timber needed: 10 m

Page 16: VCE Design & Technology Folio

Design Option

Three Questions VH H M L N/S

Will the table fit in the required space?

Does the table have room to store items out of sight?

Will the table be strong and sit flat on the required surface?

Does the Table have smooth edges?

Will the table be finished in time?

Does the table have a modern look?

Approximate costing: $ 200

Total amount of timber needed: 10m

Page 17: VCE Design & Technology Folio

Design Option Four Questions VH H M L N/S

Will the table fit in the required space?

Does the table have room to store items out of sight?

Will the table be strong and sit flat on the required surface?

Does the Table have smooth edges?

Will the table be finished in time?

Does the table have a modern look?

Approximate costing: $ 200

Total amount of timber needed: 10 m

Page 18: VCE Design & Technology Folio

Coffee Table – Cutting and Costing List Design Option Three Part Of Product

Number Length Width Thickness Type Of Material

Total Length

Total Cost Per Part

Legs 4 390mm 90mm 90mm Pine 1560mm x 90mm

$50

Braces 4 620mm 90mm 30mm Pine 2480mm x 30mm

$40

Top 1 1000mm 1000mm 30mm Pine 1000mm x 4

$60

Base 1 800mm 800mm 30mm 800mm x 4

$40

Total: $190

Page 19: VCE Design & Technology Folio

Production timeline: Activity Week 1 Week

2 Week 3

Week 4

Week 5

Week 6

Week 7

Week 8

Week 9

Measure out materials for table top

Cut the materials needed for the table top

Mark out lines for the biscuit holes

Glue the biscuits in and clamp together

Measure to see if it is square

Cut the table top to size

Sand the table top so it is all level and has a nice finish

Begin constructing Frame for coffee table

Measure out materials

Cut the materials

Glue and Screw them together so it is strong

Sand any rough edges on the frame

Measure out timber lengths to cover the frame

Cut the lengths to size

Nail and glue the lengths on

Page 20: VCE Design & Technology Folio

to the frame

Sand the length so they are smooth

Glue and screw the table top to the frame

Measure out materials for legs

Cut the timber needed for the legs

Glue and Screw the Legs to the frame

Measure out materials for the base of the coffee table

Cut the lengths for the base

Construct the base for the coffee table

Glue and screw the base of the coffee table on

Check to see if the table sits level Sand the coffee table with fine sand paper to achieve smooth finish

Begin first coat of Stain and Varnish

Apply Second Coat of Stain and Vanish

Page 21: VCE Design & Technology Folio

Check for any defects or problems with the table

Page 22: VCE Design & Technology Folio

Activity: Date: Completed:

Find product that needs constructing for someone (1st Client Meeting))

9/02/2011 Yes

Begin Research 10/02/11 Yes

Continue Research 17/02/11 Yes

Chose 10 products that clients likes

22/02/11 Yes

Narrow them down to 4 28/02/11 Yes

Produce 4 Design options of products for client to choose from.

4/03/11 Yes

Find out what the client thinks of the 4 products. (2nd Client meeting). And establish what product the client what’s to build.

20/03/11 Yes

Design Working Drawings 1/04/11 Yes

Research materials for product 7/04/11 Yes

Discuss What Materials and Finishes the Clients wants.

10/04/11 Yes

Do Material Tests 20/04/11 Yes

Report back to client with evidence of the tests to see if he likes the finishes

27/04/11 Yes

Construct a cutting and costing table

31/04/11 Yes

Order Materials 4/05/11 Yes

Begin Construction: Measure out materials

18/05/11 Yes

Cut materials for Table top 20/05/11 Yes

Mark out lines so the biscuit cuts can be made

21/05/11 Yes

Biscuit and clamp table top together

24/05/11 Yes

Check Squareness 24/05/11 Yes

Begin Sanding with coarse sandpaper working down to finer paper to achieve smoothness

27/05/11 Yes

Page 23: VCE Design & Technology Folio

Activity: Date: Completed:

Begin constructing Frame for coffee table

Measure out materials

Cut the materials

Glue and Screw them together so it is strong

Sand any rough edges on the frame

Measure out timber lengths to cover the frame

Cut the lengths to size

Nail and glue the lengths on to the frame

Sand the length so they are smooth

Glue and screw the table top to the frame

Measure out materials for legs

Cut the timber needed for the legs

Glue and Screw the Legs to the frame

Measure out materials for the base of the coffee table

Cut the lengths for the base

Construct the base for the coffee table

Glue and screw the base of the coffee table on

Sand the coffee table with fine sand paper to achieve smooth finish

Begin first coat of Stain and Varnish

Apply Second Coat of Stain and Vanish

Check for any defects or problems with the table

Have Client Inspect The Coffee Table

Hand the table over if client is satisfied

Page 24: VCE Design & Technology Folio

Hazards:

Hand Drill

Hazard Precautions Hair and clothing can become caught in the drill.

Safety precautions such as keeping loose clothing and hair secured should be observed.

Dust and particles can enter eyes while drilling.

If there is a risk of dust or particles getting into eyes, students should wear safety glasses or goggles.

Work can injure hands if it catches in the drill and spins.

Always secure the material to be drilled to the workbench using clamps or a vice. Place scrap wood underneath the material so the drill can pass through without damaging the work surface.

The drill bit can snap due to excessive force. Warn students not to force the drill bit. They should drill at a speed suited to the materials and the size of the drill. Smaller drills can be rotated at a faster speed. The drill bit should be sharp.

The drill bit and work being drilled will become hot.

Allow time for the drill bit to cool between uses.

Shavings from drilling metal can cut hands. Warn students not to handle the metal shavings and to use a dustpan and broom to clean up. Secure suitable drill bit in the chuck of the drill and tighten chuck securely.

Screw Drivers

Hazards Precautions Screwdrivers can be hazardous if used for the wrong purpose

Do not use a screwdriver as a cold chisel, punch or to pry open joints or lids of cans.

The point of a screwdriver can cause an injury if carried incorrectly.

Students should carry screwdrivers with the point facing down.

Screwdrivers can snap if used with force. Do not use excessive force to turn a screw. Screwdrivers can slip if used incorrectly. When choosing a screwdriver, ensure the

tip edges are square and fit neatly fit in the screw slot, or that the Phillips head is the right size for the screw. Magnetic screwdrivers are useful for small fiddly screws. Ensure the drill hole is a suitable size. Soap can be used to help the screw enter materials more easily. Students should keep their free hand away from the blade.

The metal of the screwdriver can conduct electricity, causing an electric shock if it contacts a live surface.

Insulated screwdrivers should be used in electronic activities.

Hammer

Hazards Precautions Loose heads can fly off while in use. Warn students never to use a hammer

with a loose head and not to hit hammer faces together. They should check

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hammers before using them. The item being hammered can chip and pieces fly off. Nails can fly out of materials when using a claw hammer to remove them.

Students should wear safety glasses when using hammers.

Hammers can fall if not used or carried properly.

Transport and pass knives with care. Hands can be injured if near the point of impact of the hammer. Show students ways to hold materials to avoid placing hands where they may be hit. Secure work with a clamp or vice or have students hold the object with pliers. Blu-Tack or Plasticine can be used to hold a nail in place (avoid getting these on the hammer face). When using a hammer to shape materials, students should hold the material so that their free hand is well away from the point of impact.

Hammers pose a noise hazard when striking tools or materials.

If the whole class is involved in hammering they should wear ear protection. Teachers should monitor noise levels at other times and have students wear ear protection if necessary.

Belt and Orbit Sanders

Hazards Precautions Dust created by sanding is an inhalation hazard.

Students must be protected from dust by hazard. wearing a dust mask. Due to the large amount of dust created by sanders, students must wear respiratory protection such as a dust mask or a respirator. If possible, use an individual dust collector on the sander or work beneath a ventilation system or over a downdraft ventilation system.

Dust and particles can enter eyes. Students should always wear safety goggles or safety glasses with side shields.

Portable sanders can injure fingers if they contact moving parts.

Make sure work is secured and keep hands and fingers away from moving parts and abrasives.

Heavy pressure can cause work to burn or gouge and overloads motor.

Use light pressure when sanding.

If switch locks are used, the machine can take off across the bench when turned on.

Ensure switch is off before connecting the sander to power. Discourage the use of switch locks.

Hand-held belt sanders range in noise level from 92–103 dB (A). The quality and condition of the tool directly affect noise levels. The free running noise of the belt sander is often higher than the working level.

Hearing protection should be worn. Clamp down work to a bench top and if possible use a rubber mat under work to reduce vibration transmission. Switch on sander just before contacting the surface to avoid free-running the tool. Keep the sander at arm’s length. Stand on steps or a footstool when sanding high work to avoid sander being at head height. A fixed sander/finisher is quieter than a portable sander. Hand sanding is quieter than machine sanding. Encourage students to work carefully with timber, thereby reducing the amount of sanding needed

Page 26: VCE Design & Technology Folio

Drop Saw (Docking Saw)

Hazards Precautions Docking saws pose a cutting hazard to hands and body.

Do not allow hands to get close to blade. Do not dock pieces of timber shorter than 150 mm. Do not put fingers behind fence on table where accidental contact can be made with the blade. Keep hands at least 200mm clear of the blade and wait until the saw stops before removing offcuts and work. Allow the saw to automatically return to the back of the table before removing cut timber. Only draw the saw out far enough to separate the piece of timber. Most recent models will not allow the blade to be drawn past the end of the table.

The docking saw blade can grip into the cut and climb towards the operator if the correct blade is not fitted.

Combination blades are not safe for crosscutting. Fit blades with a negative rake. (cross cut blades).

Wood can jam, allowing pieces to fly off if not held securely.

Hold the timber down and against the fence with the left hand while operating the saw with the right. Do not place a finger between the timber and the fence when cross cutting.

Radial arm saws are capable of producing noise levels in excess of 100 dB (A).

Good hearing protection must be worn. Use gentle pressure and allow the blade more time to cut. The bandsaw may be a less noisy alternative.

Particles of wood can enter eyes when using a docking saw.

Eye protection must be worn.

Sawdust poses an inhalation hazard. Avoid inhalation of dust. Operators should wear dust masks. Machines should have dust extraction attached.

Circular Saw

Hazards Precautions Serious injuries can occur if the free hand is close to the blade.

Hands must be well clear of the blade if holding work. Work should be clamped to avoid the need to hold it. Do not hold small pieces.

Power cords can be a tripping hazard. A jerk on the cord can cause loss of control of the saw.

Take care that the cord is not stood on or tripped over by others. For maximum control, hold the saw firmly with both hands after securing the work. Circular saws should not be too heavy for students to control.

Power cords can be an electrical hazard. Before starting the saw, make sure the power cord is away from the blade path and long enough to complete the cut.

Unstable work can cause loss of control of the saw.

Check the work to make sure it is secure. Avoid cutting small pieces that cannot be clamped properly or materials on which the saw shoe cannot rest. Use safer

Page 27: VCE Design & Technology Folio

methods to cut these materials. Dust and particles can enter eyes. Students should always wear safety

goggles, safety glasses or a full-face shield when using portable circular saw.

The saw can kick back if the blade jams. Release pressure on trigger and stop cutting if the blade jams. Do not force the saw through materials. Feed in wood gently, letting the blade cut at its own speed. Keep the bed of the saw flat against the wood and avoid twisting the blade. Ensure the blade is sharp and the correct type for the job.

Blades can break when making a partial cut or if power is interrupted.

Release the trigger immediately and don’t remove the saw until the blade has come to a complete stop.

The noise levels produced by portable circular saws relate directly to the condition of the motor and blade. They pose a noise hazard that may increase depending on the materials being cut and can exceed 110 dB(A).

Students should wear ear protection while using a portable circular saw. Prevent extended exposure to the noise. Use the saw away from main work areas, or saw in an isolated room. Investigate quieter methods of working. Quieter saw blades can be bought. A band saw may be a suitable alternative or a sharp handsaw can be used on small work.

Mig Welder

Hazards Precautions

Heated materials and sparks created by welding can burn operators

Workers must wear protective clothing while welding and leather gloves when handling material being welded

Flash created by Mig welders is hazardous to workers eyes

Workers must always wear a protective welding helmet and never start welding without it in place. Never use a welding helmet with a cracked or broken filter plate or cover lens.

Welded mettles can create toxic fumes Workers should not weld metals considered hazardous or which have hazardous coatings. General ventilation may be adequate for welding of short duration and intermittent. Ventilation must remove fumes and dispersed them to outside atmosphere. Removal at the source (local exhaust extraction) is the most effective method.

Angle Grinder

Hazards Precautions

Grinder’s main hazard is particles thrown off the wheel into eyes.

Workers should wear safety goggles or a facemask to avoid getting grit and dust in eyes while using a grinder.

Work can slip, causing loss of control of grinder.

Work should be secured with clamps or a vice before grinding.

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Loose clothing, hair and other items can become caught in a grinder.

Workers should secure loose items, clothing and hair.

Portable grinders can cause serious injuries if the grinding wheel (or attachments) contacts skin.

They can cut through clothing. Workers must take care not to get exposed skin near the operating grinding wheel. Never use a grinder in an awkward position where it can contact the body (for example, do not use it between the legs while sitting on the floor).

Portable grinders pose a noise hazard that can increase depending on materials being ground. A worn or out of round disc produces more noise than a good disc.

Workers must wear ear protection while using a portable grinder. Maintain an arm’s length between grinder and ear. Dampen the material being ground or cut by clamping work as close as possible to the work area. If using the grinder in a grinding bay, line surfaces with acoustic absorption materials to reduce reflected sound. Mobile screens around the work area will reduce sound transmission.

A worn or out of round disc is unsafe. Discard worn discs. A sound, undamaged wheel will have a clear metallic tone or ring when tapped gently with a light non-metallic instrument.

The disc can shatter at high speed. Use correct disc for the material. Do not use undue pressure when using the grinder. Keep grinding disc at a 15 to 30 degree angle to work so that it is working on its edge. Never bump grinder on to the job, or let the disc hit any other object while grinding. Teachers should check that flange and locking nut are correct for the type of disc being used.

Too much pressure will cause the grinder to dig in and kick back.

Hold the grinder against work with minimum pressure.

Portable grinders can create sparks. Workers should wear skin protecting clothing and sturdy shoes. Ensure that no students are in the area where sparks will fall. Use mobile screens to contain sparks in one area. Grinders should not be used on containers that have held flammable materials or near substances that can be ignited with a sparks.

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Cold Saw

Particles can fly off and hit worker Wear protective clothing and eye protection

Clothing, hair and other loss items can get court in the blade.

Wear non-loss clothing, tie hair back and conceal any loss items

High noise level Workers must always wear hearing protection when using cold saw

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New Coffee Table Design

Modifications During my project I had to modify my coffee

table completely. My original designed included

90mm x 90mm furniture grade legs. We were

unable to get them and if we wait for them then

we wouldn’t get the coffee table completed in

time. It meant that we had to go back to the

drawing board and redesign the coffee table. It

meant that we had to inform our client out this

unfortunate mishap. He wasn’t fussed at this and

asked me to come back to him with a number of

designs. He wanted the size of the coffee table

to be the same if it was possible and also that it

could be the same colour. I began the whole process over again finding designs and drawing them. A

week later we had another meeting were we decided what coffee table was going to be built. As I

had already built the top of the coffee table we decided to incorporated that into the design. Mr

Delaney decided on the one that he liked the most and I was happy because I would be able to still

to complete it within the time limit that I had allowed for the previous table. The design that our

client chose was one that had slates all the way around it. My client only liked the thick legs so we

covered up the legs and this design worked perfectly. The slats are 1038mm long because they are

19mm thick so the table with me 38mm larger. We have also decided to make the frame out of

20mm SHS so the frame can be constructed quicker. This will also add to the strength of the coffee

table but also make it lighter so it will be easy to move. The coffee table will still meet all the

constraints and considerations that Mr Delaney and I have set for the coffee table.

During the production of my client’s coffee table we had to make a number of modifications due to

materials and time.

Preferred Option:

90mm x 90mm Pine Legs

Open Section underneath Table top

Base plate for items to sit on

Modifications

20mm x 20mm SHS Frame

90mm x 19mm Slates

No storage underneath the table top

More Modern Look

38 mm longer and wider

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Evaluation Report 1. How will the coffee table match the existing furniture in the room? One of the constraints that Mr Delaney set out was that it had to match his existing furniture in the room. To do this we took photos of the furniture which was a dark chocolate colour. I then researched a number of different paint companies to find a stain that matched the colour Mr Delaney wanted. Once I had found the stain that matched the colour Mr Delaney wanted I tested it on the timber that I was going to construct the table out of. The Stain I was used was Cabot’s Stain & Varnish Mahogany which I applied to radiata pine. Once I had completed the staining I took it to Mr Delaney’s house and to see if the colour was the same or at least very similar to the colour of his furniture. The colour was very close to the existing furniture so I asked Mr Delaney just to check if he liked the colour. He did so I knew that this was the colour that the coffee table was going to be.

2. Will it meet the size requirements of the client’s demands? When I was designing the table I double checked everything so I knew that it was accurate to Mr Delaney’s Measurements. Once I had completed the designs I took the working drawings to him to check that they were the measurements that he wanted. When I was producing the product I did the old trick “measure twice, cut once”. I knew that I could get more materials but to save on cut I accurately measured all the lengths twice so I knew that they were the right ones. I also referred back to my drawings to check as well.

3. How will the coffee table look like the design the client picked out?

My design had to change because we were unable to acquire some materials for it. It is still the same size and height. It does all of the same functions but just looks different. Before I changed it I asked my client what he wanted and he had a lot of input for the new design. After that I constructed a design that my client was happy with.

4. Will the coffee table be as strong as the client would like it to be? When I was researching I made sure that I did a lot of research on joints. I found ones that had been proven to provide strength. I also sought other opinions from people that have had experience in cabinet making and joinery. Once that had given me their information I put it all together to pick out the best joins to use for the coffee table.

5. How will it be made to the highest quality? I made sure the coffee table was first built out of the best quality materials. I ordered furniture grade timber so I knew it was high quality. I also made sure that I double checked all of my measurements so the table was want my client wanted. I took my time as well to ensure that everything was done correctly and properly.

6. Will the coffee table be finished in time? The coffee table was finished before its due date because I was able to use my time well and even did after school classes just to make sure that it was done in time. Even with the delay of changing the design I was able to get it done. I was glad that I had constructed a production time table so I knew where I was up to and what needed to be done.

7. Will the edges and surfaces finished to the desired quality? Mr Delaney had indicated that he didn’t want shape edges because he has grandchildren and young family members around so he didn’t want them injuring themselves on it. I made sure that i routed a smooth edge on any of the shape edges or corners so no one hurt themselves.

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8. Will the coffee table be able to support a minimum of 100 Kg? When I had completed the coffee table I borrowed some weights from the gym the slowly added more and more to see the table with sanded it. The table easily past the 100kg limit which was what Mr Delaney wanted. The research into the joints was worth it if it can with stand this weight.

9. Will the table fit within the budget? The table was constructed within the budget because Mr Delaney chose the cheaper timber but benefited for it because the radiata pine came up great with the mahogany stain. I also only order the timber when we needed so there was no timber that was wasted. That also benefited because we had to change the design so we would have gone over budget if we had to order two lots of timber.

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Reflection:

During my project there was a lot that I would change and a lot that I would

do differently. The big one for me was that I would check that materials I

would need are available first before I include them in my design. This made

more work for me and put me a couple of weeks behind so made it a push

for time but I managed to get it done. If I had the chance to build it again I

would include doors instead of having slats or drawers. If I had all the time I

needed I would have done drawers but I think doors would have been great.

They would have given the table more storage and made it look better. I also

would have had a different timber such as the Blackwood which would make

it more expensive but I would have rather worked with a timber that looks

better naturally. I would have also tried to get my production a lot quicker so

I had more time to work on folio. I learnt a lot about time management so

I’m wishing that I had done that a lot better. I liked most of the designs I did

in my coffee table but I wish I had of changed just a few little things just to

make it look better and work better.

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References:

http://www.materialstechnologywood.com/practice-joints-dowel-joints.php

http://www.choicetimber.com.au/timber_types/red/red-gum.htm