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VCE Sociology Unit 3 Outcome 1 Community and society ‘The way changes in economic, social and political institutions have affected the experience and representations of community’

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VCE Sociology. Unit 3 Outcome 1 Community and society ‘The way changes in economic, social and political institutions have affected the experience and representations of community’. Changes to community. Sociology is all about “change” - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: VCE Sociology

VCE SociologyUnit 3 Outcome 1Community and society

‘The way changes in economic, social and political institutions have affected the experience and representations of community’

Page 2: VCE Sociology

Changes to community

•Sociology is all about “change”•Some of the biggest changes to the

concept and history of community occurred because of the agrarian revolution and industrial revolution

•More recently change has come from political, economic and social institutions

Page 3: VCE Sociology

Changes to community

• In groups, brainstorm examples of changes in a contemporary community because of:▫Political change▫Economic change▫Environmental change▫Technological▫Social change

Page 4: VCE Sociology

Changes to community

•Karl Polanyi’s (1973) Great Transformation outlines six changes that impacted significantly on society▫ Economic – the rise in capitalism▫ Technological – machinery replacing manual labour▫ Knowledge – rise of intellectual/scientific thinking▫ Population – change in demographics▫ Political – rise of nation-state and democracy▫ Colonialism – global expansion through colonies

Page 5: VCE Sociology

Changes to community

• In groups come up with examples of how the Great Transformations impacted on social groupings

•List other significant changes not on the list and justify their inclusion

•Now rank the transformations in terms of their impact with the most significant change at the top and least at the bottom

Page 6: VCE Sociology

Representation

• Refers to the different meanings or understanding attached to the word community, or how it is “classified”▫ e.g. traditional, gesellschaft, type 1, etc

• The representation of a community may change▫ e.g. a traditional community may change to

a modern community because of government rezoning, urban sprawl, etc

Page 7: VCE Sociology

Experience•The experience of community focuses on

the sense of community rather than its structure, form or physical features▫e.g. how members feel rather than how the

community is classified•It involves a feeling that members have of

belonging and a connection to one another and the group

•A sense of community is often described as a “sense of belonging” or “community spirit”

Page 8: VCE Sociology

Institutions• Sociologists often reserve the term

“institution” to describe normative systems that operate in five basic areas of life, which may be designated as the primary institutions.▫ In determining kinship▫ In providing for the legitimate use of power▫ In regulating the distribution of goods and

services▫ In transmitting knowledge from one generation

to the next▫ In regulating our relation to the supernatural

www.sociologyguide.com/basic-concepts/Social-Institutions.php

Page 9: VCE Sociology

Institutions• In shorthand form, or as concepts, these five

basic institutions are called:▫Family▫Government▫Economy▫Education▫Religion

www.sociologyguide.com/basic-concepts/Social-Institutions.php

Page 10: VCE Sociology

Institutions• Institutions underpin the norms and values of a

society and can act as agents of social control▫ e.g. they shape our behaviour through formal and

“unwritten” rules• Institutions have interdependent relationships

with each other (they need each other, and change to one institution filters into changes to another)▫ e.g. changes to the institution of marriage may

impact the institution of family• Society is always changing and so are institutions

Page 11: VCE Sociology

Political institutions•The relatively permanent social systems

through which power is distributed and exercised in society

•The structures often formally regulate the behaviour of individuals through:▫Police force▫Laws and government policy▫Local council regulations▫Political parties and NGOs▫Election process

Page 12: VCE Sociology

Economic institutions• Organisations that ensure economic stability

through the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services▫ Financial institutions (banks)▫ Australian reserve bank▫ Taxation system▫ Award wages▫ Social welfare organisations▫ The World Bank▫ Companies (workplace)▫ Share market

Page 13: VCE Sociology

Environmental institutions

•Organisations that make decisions that affect environmental performance▫Kyoto Protocol▫Copenhagen Treaty▫Greenpeace

Page 14: VCE Sociology

Technological institutions

•Organisations that control access to information and communication technology and other forms of technology▫Telstra▫Google▫Mac/Windows▫Laboratories

Page 15: VCE Sociology

Social institutions•Set of organised rules and beliefs that

establish how societies attempt to meet their basic social needs

•These beliefs help to shape people’s behaviour▫Schools▫Religious groups▫Family▫The media▫Ethnic/cultural groups

Page 16: VCE Sociology

Changes to representation

•The following table shows examples of how the “representation” of community has changed because of PEETS

Community before Type of change Community after

Traditional (homogenous) Political changeMulticulturalism policy

Modern (heterogeneous)

Type 1 (face-to-face advice) Economic changeCounselling funding cut

Type 3 (telephone advice)

Gesellschaft (anomie) Environmental changeeGate

Gemeinschaft (connection)

Type 1 and 2 (geographic) Technological changeInternet

Type 2 (virtual)

Traditional (1/4 acre block) Social changeUrbanisation

Modern (apartments)

Page 17: VCE Sociology

Changes to representation

•Come up with your own examples of how PEETS have changed a community▫If you get stuck, you may want to consult

the “Change to community experience and representation” handout

Community before Type of change Community after

Political

Economic

Environmental

Technological

Social

Page 18: VCE Sociology

Changes to experience• The following table shows examples of how the

“experience” of community has changed because of PEETS

Community before Type of change Community after

Wallan (50km from Melbourne): zoned as rural

Political changeForced urbanisation

Rezoned as inner-regional and they lost rural retention grant for doctors resulting

in shortage and need to travel for medical help

Government school: reasonable class sizes and access to resources

Economic changeGlobal Financial Crisis

Nearing capacity as enrolments from ex-independent school students increase

Farmers: not dependent on state water supplies

Environmental changeDrought

Forced off land due to lack of natural water and state water restrictions

Kids with illness or disability: missing out on real world friendships

Technological changeSocial networking site for young people

with illness/disability

A safe place online to interact with others in a similar situation

Albury art enthusiasts: enjoyed display of Henson photographs

Social changeMore awareness of childhood sexualisation and pedophilia

Albury City Council removed some Henson images despite not receiving any

complaints

Page 19: VCE Sociology

Changes to experience

•Develop examples of how changes in PEETS has changed how members experience their community

Community before Type of change Community after

Political

Economic

Environmental

Technological

Social

Page 20: VCE Sociology

TO DO

•Write definitions of the following terms in your glossary:▫Experience of community▫Institutions▫Representation of community