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1 Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know

Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Page 1: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Vegetable Gardening

What You Need to Know

Page 2: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Requirements for a Garden

• Sun – 6 or more

hrs/day

• Water – close source

• Level land

• Well drained

• Uncontaminated

• Good Soil

Page 3: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Preparing a New Site

• Soil Test

• Kill existing foliage

• Mow

• Till, remove rocks and debris

• Add fertilizer/additives (per soil test)

Page 4: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Vegetable Selection

• Personal preferences

• Days to maturity

– Short – 30-60 days – most vegetables

– Long – 60 -120 days – watermelons,

pumpkin, eggplant, corn, winter squash,

carrots, tomatoes, peppers

Page 5: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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When to Plant?

Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May 20th

Warm weather crops can be planted:

Tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, beans, squash, melons, cucumbers, corn, pumpkins, okra

Page 6: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Cool season crops:

– Must be started in cool soil (April)

– Tolerates some frost

– Intolerant of summer heat (replant in late

summer)

– Bolt – go to seed

– Cabbage, kale, broccoli, turnips, rutabaga,

cauliflower, turnips, kohlrabi, radishes,

spinach, celery, lettuce and peas

Page 7: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Page 8: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Early Starts and Long Seasons:

• Cloches and row covers-

• Succession Planting

• Start seeds indoors

Page 9: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Varieties of Vegetables – Some

Terms

• Heirlooms – old varieties that are noted for their unique form and taste (often are not resistant to disease)

• Hybrids – Vigorous, disease resistant, early, or long producing, specialty varieties

• Determinate - Plant produces all fruits at the same time (good for preserving)

• Indeterminate - Keeps fruiting over a period of time.

Page 10: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Garden Layout

How should I organize my

planting?

Page 11: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Traditional Planting vs Space

Saving Techniques

• Rows

• Hills

• Wide Rows

• Raised Beds

• Vertical Space

• Inter-planting/Inter-

cropping

• Space Saving

Varieties

Page 12: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Page 13: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Page 14: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Page 15: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Plan Your garden on paper

• Graph paper is useful

• Spacing between plants and between

rows is essential

• Crop rotation (see handout)

Page 16: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Cultural Practices

Page 17: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Planting

• When?

– Cold weather vegetables –April:

Lettuce, spinach, cabbage broccoli, Brussels sprouts,

carrot beets, radishes, chard, mustard greens,

onions, leeks, garlic, shallots, peas.

– Warm weather vegetables- May 20th Frost Date

Tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, pumpkins, squash,

gourds, okra, melons, beans.

Page 18: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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How to tell if the soil is dry enough for

planting?

Page 19: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Page 20: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Page 21: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Soil Preparation

• Tilling or digging the soil 6-8inches

• Till in fertilizer or 2 or 3 inches of organic

material

– Well-rotted manure

– Compost

• Rake it free of stones, twigs and clods

• Rake it smooth and even.

Page 22: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Transplanting

• Cloudy day or late

afternoon

• Dig hole wide enough

and deep enough to

contain the roots

• Water plants well both

before and after

• Remove any flowers

or small fruits.

Page 23: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Direct Seeding

• Small seeds –sow thickly, thin later

• See packages for depth and spacing

• Water immediately upon planting.

Page 24: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Fertilizing

Page 25: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Fertilizer

• Comes in different forms:

– Organic – made from plant or animal

materials (such as manure)

– Inorganic – Made from minerals

• Granular – form for most inorganic fertilizers

• Liquid – Usually a concentrate that has have water

added

Page 26: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Never apply a high

nitrogen fertilizer to

fruiting plants

(Especially Tomatoes)

Page 27: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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– Each year before garden season starts

(March or April)

• Add 2-3 inches of organic material

• Add 2 lbs of a balanced fertilizer for a 10x10 ft plot

(broadcast on the whole plot

Page 28: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Other Times to fertilize:

-When transplanting use starter fertilizer

-Half way through the growing season –give a boost

Ways to fertilize:

-Side Dressing: sprinkle around the plant, no closer to stem than 6” and dig in 2-3”

deep.

-Row or Band Fertilizing – sprinkle 3 inches along side, work in 2-3”

Page 29: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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After applying fertilizer,

always water the plants

thoroughly.

Page 30: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Watering

• Deep watering once a week is better than frequent shallow watering.

-Water in the morning

-Keep water off of leaves at night

-Watering methods

-Hose by hand – small garden – water

soil not plant.

-Oscillating sprinklers

-Drip irrigation, soaker hoses

Page 31: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Weed Control

• Cultivation – pull or dig up

• Herbicides –

– Some granular varieties prevent seeds from sprouting

– Liquids sprayed on kill living plants

• Mulching

– Organic- improves soil quality

– Inorganic – plastic can get too hot

*Do not apply mulch until the soil is warm in June

Page 32: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Insect/Animal Control

• Organic Options/Mechanical Options– Row Covers

– Collars- cutworms

– Traps and Lures

– Organic Insecticides Safety

– Fences and sprays –deer, rabbits, raccoons

• Chemical Control – Insecticides– Identify Insect

– Choose appropriate insecticide

– Follow directions Safety

Page 33: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Disease Control

Page 34: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Disease Prevention

• Good garden hygiene

• Crop Rotation

• Plant disease resistant varieties

(catalogues will indicated them)

• Fungicides:

-use when disease first spotted

-read labels and apply correctly

-reapply every 7-14 days

Page 35: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Harvesting

• Young vegetables

• Just prior to use for peas and corn

• With some vegetables (pole beans,

zucchinis some tomatoes and cucumbers)

continued picking prolongs fruiting!

• Vegetables to winter-over: carrots,

spinach, onions, kale, and garlic.

Page 36: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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Fall Cleanup

• Remove all stakes, string, containers, etc.

• Remove all diseased or pest infested plants. Dispose of these.

• Chop and turn under dead leaves and plants

• Add compost, manures, leaf humus

• Plant a cover crop (adds nitrogen to the soil): late August through September (annual rye, hairy vetch) **Optional

Page 37: Vegetable Gardening - Ohio State University · Vegetable Gardening What You Need to Know. 2 Requirements for a Garden •Sun –6 or more ... Frost Date for Northeastern Ohio is May

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