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CONTINUING EDUCATION

Australian Veterinary Journal

Volume 85, No 4, April 2007 © 2007 The AuthorJournal compilation © 2007 Australian Veterinary Association

166

Blackwell Publishing Asia

VET ED CONTINUING EDUCATION QUIZ APRIL 2007

Answer true or false to the following questions:

A. Small animals

Effect of hypothermia on recovery from general anaesthesia in the dog

1. Hypothermia in the dog is defined as a core body tempera-ture of less than 37

°

C.2. General anaesthesia may cause hypothermia by vasoconstric-

tion and the loss of large amounts of heat from the core tothe periphery.

3. Sympathetic nervous stimulation produced by hypothermia maylead to depression of the baroreceptor reflex and bradycardia.

4. Inhalant anaesthetic agents increase the threshold for andintensity of shivering to conserve body heat.

5. In the current study examining the effects of hypothermia onanaesthetic recovery time, 24 dogs were premedicated with ace-promazine and morphine because they were difficult to handle.

6. Oesophageal temperature at the end of the surgical proce-dure had a significant effect on anaesthetic recovery time,with lower temperatures contributing to slower recoveries.

7. The mean (± SD) oesophageal temperature at the end of theprocedure was 35.1 ± 0.8

°

C.8. Premedication with acepromazine and morphine had no sig-

nificant effect on anaesthetic recovery time.9. The use of propofol for induction, when compared to mask

induction with halothane, isoflurane or sevoflurane, had nosignificant effect on the recovery time.

10. The relatively long duration of anaesthesia and the severedegree of hypothermia produced make the associationbetween low body temperature and slow anaesthetic recov-ery time found in this study unsurprising.

B. Production animals

Skeletal and neurological malformations in pigs congenitallyinfected with Menangle virus

1. In Australia, SMEDI, a syndrome of stillbirths, mummifica-tion, embryonic death and infertility in pigs, can be causedby the Menangle virus (MenV).

2. In 1997, MenV was isolated from stillborn piglets in an out-break of reproductive disease in a piggery south west of Sydney.

3. Prior to this outbreak, MenV had not been associated withcongenital abnormalities.

4. Mummified fetuses and stillborn piglets with arthrogryposisand extensor rigidity, craniofacial abnormalities includingmandibular brachygnathia, and degeneration of the brainand spinal cord, were seen in this outbreak.

5. The least frequent CNS lesion seen in this outbreak was areduction in size, or absence, of the cerebellum.

6. The frequency of occurrence of grossly observable CNSlesions was highest later in the outbreak.

7. Only three cases with arthrogryposis, craniofacial abnormal-ities or spinal column deviations lacked gross lesions in thebrain or spinal cord.

8. Grossly observable lesions were also common in the 16necropsied live born piglets.

9. Most of the stillborn piglets examined also had excess paleyellow or blood-tinged fluid in their body cavities.

10. The size of the mummified fetuses, as well as the CNSpathology, indicated that fetal damage resulted from infec-tion prior to 70 days gestation.

C. Equine

Chondrosarcoma of the tongue of a horse

1. The tongue is one of the most frequent sites for oral neoplasiain the horse.

2. Chondrosarcoma of the tongue has not been reported inhumans.

3. In this case report the horse was presented because of suddenand dramatic weight loss.

4. When the horse was examined under sedation, the massfound in the tongue appeared ulcerated and painful and wasembedded with food particles.

5. The mass was resected, under general anaesthesia, with 2 cmmargins and apparently without compromising the tongue’svascular supply.

6. Chondrosarcoma is a rare tumour type in the horse, and hasnot been previously reported as occurring in the tongue ofthis species.

7. The potential for occurrence of chondrosarcoma in the tongueof the horse arises from the presence of hyaline cartilage,found histologically in the mid-dorsal structure of the tongue.

8. Although the owners had noticed the tongue protrudingfrom the horse’s mouth, they had been unaware of the pres-ence of the mass and sought veterinary advice because of itsweight loss.

9. Modification of postoperative feeding was used to reduce thelikelihood of neurological dysfunction.

10. When examined 11 months after surgery there was no evi-dence of local tumour recurrence, nor of distant metastasis.

AVA members only.

Complete the quiz on the AVA website.

Visit http://www.ava.com.au and click on the AVJ volume number beneaththe picture of the AVJ on the home page. One Vet Ed point will be awarded for each completed quiz scoring 80% or more.

M RevingtonManager Continuing Education

doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2007.00141.x

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