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Chapter 7 Skeletal System Notes Outline The Skeleton – consists of ______________________________________________________ 1. Bone Functions a. 1. To store _______________________________ b. 2. To ________________________________________ such as the brain and spinal cord c. 3. To serve as levers __________________________________________ d. 4. To serve as a firm _________________________________________________ e. 5. To produce ______________________________________________ 2. Bone Structure a. ____________________ in body b. 2 basic groups i. _________________________________ (head and trunk ii. ________________________________ (extremities) c. Four basic bone shapes i. ____________________________________ ii. _____________________________________ iii. _____________________________________ iv. _____________________________________ d. The Long bone structure

Web viewChapter 7 Skeletal System Notes Outline . The Skeleton – consists of _____ Bone Functions. 1. To store

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Page 1: Web viewChapter 7 Skeletal System Notes Outline . The Skeleton – consists of _____ Bone Functions. 1. To store

Chapter 7 Skeletal System Notes Outline The Skeleton – consists of ______________________________________________________

1. Bone Functionsa. 1. To store _______________________________b. 2. To ________________________________________ such as the brain and spinal cordc. 3. To serve as levers __________________________________________d. 4. To serve as a firm _________________________________________________e. 5. To produce ______________________________________________

2. Bone Structurea. ____________________ in bodyb. 2 basic groups

i. _________________________________ (head and trunkii. ________________________________ (extremities)

c. Four basic bone shapesi. ____________________________________ii. _____________________________________

iii. _____________________________________iv. _____________________________________

d. The Long bone structure

i. Diaphysis – ____________ covered with outer membrane layer (____________________); center _________________________________, lined by inner membrane (____________________) and filled with ____________________

ii. Epiphyses – ends (proximal and distal) composed of _______________________________________

e. Tissue – two typesi. Compact bone

1. Makes up the __________________________________________2. cells are in rings of _____________________________________ 3. Each set of rings is called _______________________________

ii. Spongy (_________________________) bone1. Found _________________________________________2. Made of ______________________________________3. Contains ______________________________________

Page 2: Web viewChapter 7 Skeletal System Notes Outline . The Skeleton – consists of _____ Bone Functions. 1. To store

3. Bone Growth and Repaira. All bone starts as ___________________________________________________b. Ossification - the process ____________________________________________,

starts during _____________________ of embryonic development. c. How ossification/bone growth works:

1. _________________ (bone building cells) ____________________________, material between the cells made of collagen (____________________________________).

2. ____________________ gets deposited in the matrix, _________________________. _________________ and ______________________ enable absorption of calcium.

3. Osteocytes (________________________) maintain and __________________ existing bone matrix throughout life.

d. Resorption –________________________________________________; when bone needs repair, osteoclasts ____________________ bone tissue, and osteoblasts __________________.

e. Process of bone Formation of Long Bone1. Cartilage begins to turn into bone _________________________ 2. . ________________________________________ develop across

bone ends 3. . Bones continue to ________________ at ____________________4. . Bones _______________________________-- in early 20’s 5. . Bone resorption and formation _________________________. It

slows with age.

See page 134 to fill in the diagram here:

Page 3: Web viewChapter 7 Skeletal System Notes Outline . The Skeleton – consists of _____ Bone Functions. 1. To store

4. . Bone Markings• A. Projections – ____________________________________________________

• Head – ______________________________________________________• Process- _____________________________________________________• Crest – ____________________________________________________• Spine – _____________________________________________________

• B. Depressions or holes – ________________________________________________• Foramen – ______________________________________________________• Sinus – _________________________________________________________• Fossa – ______________________________________________________• Meatus – ___________________________________________________

5. Bones of the Axial Skeleton – (see diagrams for details)a. ________________________________________b. __________________________________________c. _________________________________________

Page 4: Web viewChapter 7 Skeletal System Notes Outline . The Skeleton – consists of _____ Bone Functions. 1. To store

6. Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton a. Appendicular skeleton—__________________________________________________

i. 2 girdles:1. Shoulder girdle : ____________________________________________________2. Pelvic girdle : ______________________________________________________

Page 5: Web viewChapter 7 Skeletal System Notes Outline . The Skeleton – consists of _____ Bone Functions. 1. To store

7. Disorders of Bone a. Metabolic diseases - ________________________________b. Structural problems – _________________________________________________________

c. cleft palate -____________________________________________________________d. flat feet - ______________________________________________________________e. fractures - ______________________________________________________________

f. F. Skeletal Changes in the AgingBones undergo significant changes:

i. 1. Loss of calcium salts ______________________________________________ ii. 2. Decrease in _____________________________________________________

iii. 3. Reduction in ____________________________________________________iv. 4. Loss of height _________________________________________________v. 5. Decrease in chest diameter as ______________________________________

Page 6: Web viewChapter 7 Skeletal System Notes Outline . The Skeleton – consists of _____ Bone Functions. 1. To store

Part 2 – The Joints – 3 Basic TypesA. Classified by ________________________ and by _______________________________

• 1. _____________________________________• 2. _____________________________________• 3. _______________________________________

B. Types of Synovial Joints – classified by __________________________________________

Gliding – Hinge Pivot Condyloid Saddle Ball-and-socket