Name: ___________________________Period: _______

Biology Week #20Week of: January 12th – 16th

Day Root Words In-Class Homework

1/12: Monday

Word:Definition:

As in:-

Picture:-Goals and Grade Graph-Energy Pre Test- ATP Notes

1/13: Tuesday

Word:Definition:

As in:-

Picture:

- Photosynthesis Notes

1/14: Wednesday

Word:Definition:

As in:-

Picture:- Late Arrival-Chromatography Lab

1/15: Thursday

Word:Definition:

As in:-

Picture:-Chromatography Lab Quiz-Photosynthesis Webquest

1/16: Friday

Word:Definition:

As in:-

Picture:

-MLK Assembly-Week #20 Quiz-Finish Packet

Need Help? Talk to me in class. I’m available during periods 4, 5 and 8. You can call me at 708-434-3616 or email clundgren@oprfhs.org Also, Mr. Hill is in the Tutoring Center before school on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Be sure to use the website

mrlscience.weebly.comATP Activity

Energy within a cell exists in the form of chemical energy. A source of this

chemical energy is a compound called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP when

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______changed to a compound called adenosine diphosphate (ADP) releases energy for

biological work in a cell. ADP can be changed to ATP, but this reaction requires

an input of energy. An ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecule is made up of

one ribose molecule, one adenine molecule, and three phosphate groups joined.

These phosphate groups are charged and the highest amount of energy is

stored when the third phosphate group is added.

Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose during photosynthesis. During cellular

respiration, energy is made available (released) from the breakdown of glucose

and is used to change ADP to ATP.

1. What does the prefix tri – in triphosphate mean?

2. Adenosine is a word made up of the combination of two different words. Part of the word comes from ribose (the letters “os”). Where do the letters “aden” and “ine” come from?

3. What is needed to form the connections or bonds between the phosphate molecules? ______________

4. What is therefore needed to form bonds in general?

Draw an ATP molecule

5. You have now built an ATP molecule. List the five “building blocks” that are needed to form one ATP molecule:

Now, remove one phosphate group from the end of your ATP model.

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______

Draw an ADP molecule

6. How many phosphate groups are still attached to the original molecule?

7. ADP stands for adenosine diphosphate. What does the prefix di mean?

8. List the four “building blocks” that are needed to form one ADP molecule:

9. When the phosphate group was removed from ATP to make ADP, what else was released?

10. Therefore, what happens when bonds break?

11. Look at the following equation:

ATP ADP + P + E

a. What do you believe the P stands for? b. What do you believe the E stands for?

12. What do the cells do with the energy that is released during the formation of ADP? (hint: look at the beginning of the lab)

13. After the energy in a molecule of ATP is used, the cell is left with a molecule of ADP and a phosphate group (P). What will happen to these molecules?

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______14. What is required to rejoin the ADP and the P molecules?

15. ATP and ADP function much like batteries that store energy, until the cell needs it. If ADP can be compared to an uncharged battery, to what would ATP be compared?

ADP : uncharged battery, ATP :

17. During what process is energy stored in the bonds of glucose?

18. During what process is the glucose broken down to release its stored energy?

19. What type of organism can make their own food? (Example: ________________________________)

20. What type of organism cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from the food they eat?

(Example: ________________________________)

What Would the World Be Like Without Plants?

Problem: What would the world be like without plants?

Evidence: Look up the question above on the internet and complete the tables below.

Source #1 Source #2Name of Reliable Website: Name of Reliable Website:

Description based on what you read: Description based on what you read:

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______

Conclusion: Answer the following questions about what the world would be like without plants.

Statement Yes NoThere would be oxygenThere would be carbon dioxideThere would be light on earthThere would be life on earthThere would be plenty of food on earthNothing on earth would change

What is Photosynthesis? Problem: What is photosynthesis and why is it so important in life?

Evidence: Complete the following notes with your teacher.

- What is an autotroph? Example?

- What is a heterotroph? Example?

- What is Photosynthesis?

- What do we start with?

- What do we end up with?

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______

- What is the equation for photosynthesis?

- What types of organisms go through photosynthesis?

- Where does photosynthesis take place?

- Label the following chloroplast.

-----

- Use the following diagram to answer the questions below.

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1.

2.

3.

4. 6.

5.

Figure 8-1 ATP, the cell’s “battery.”

Name: ___________________________Period: _______What are the reactants of the light-dependent reaction?

What are the products of the light-dependent reaction?

What is another name for the light-independent reaction?

What are the reactants of the light-independent reaction?

What is the product of the light-independent reaction?

In the Calvin Cycle which gas is used to make sugars?

Where does the light in this diagram come from?

What product of photosynthesis is released into the air as a “waste gas”?

Textbook: Energy and Life Energy & ATP

Energy is the ability to do work. Nearly every activity in modern society depends

upon energy. When a car runs out of fuel (energy) it comes to a sputtering halt.

Without electrical energy, lights, appliances and computers stop working. Living

things depend on energy, too. Sometimes the need for energy is easy to see. It

takes plenty of energy to play soccer or other sports. However, there are times

when that need is less obvious. Even when you are sleeping, your cells are

quietly busy using energy to build new molecules, contract muscles, and carry

out active transport. Simply put, without the ability to obtain and use energy, life

would cease to exist.

1. Give some examples how your body requires energy. _____________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________

One of the most important compounds that cells

use to store and release energy is adenosine

triphosphate (uh DEN uh seen try FAHS fayt),

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Figure 8-2 Battery AnalogyADP = low energy (released). ADP + 1 phosphate = ATP.ATP = high energy (stored).

Name: ___________________________Period: _______abbreviated ATP. As shown in Figure 8–1, ATP consists of adenine, a sugar

called ribose, and three phosphate groups. As you’ll see, those phosphate

groups are the key to ATP's ability to store and release energy.

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is a compound that looks almost like ATP, except

that it has two phosphate groups instead of three. This difference is the key to

the way in which living things store energy.

2. What is the difference between ATP & ADP? __________________________

____________________________________________________________

When a cell has energy available, it can store

small amounts of it by adding phosphate groups

to ADP molecules, producing ATP. As seen in

Figure 8–2, ADP is like a rechargeable battery

that powers the machinery of the cell. Cells can

release the energy stored in ATP by the

controlled breaking of the chemical bonds

between the second and third phosphate

groups. Because a cell can add or subtract these

phosphate groups, it has an efficient way of

storing and releasing energy as needed.

3. How do cells use ADP/ATP to store energy?

___________________________

____________________________________________________________

4. How do cells use ADP/ATP to release energy? _________________________

____________________________________________________________8

Name: ___________________________Period: _______5. How is ADP/ATP like a battery? ___________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Even though ATP is a great molecule for transferring energy, it is not a good one

for storing large amounts of energy over the long term. Instead, cells can

regenerate ATP from ADP as needed by using the energy from the sun or the in

foods you eat.

6. ATP is better used for (short term or long term) storage. Circle one.

Heterotrophs & Autotrophs

Cells are not “born” with a supply of ATP—they must

somehow produce it. So, where do living things

get the energy they use to produce ATP? The

simple answer is that it comes from the chemical

compounds that we call food. Organisms that

obtain food by consuming other living things are

known as heterotrophs. Some heterotrophs get

their food by eating plants such as grasses. Other

heterotrophs obtain food from plants indirectly by

feeding on plant-eating animals. Still other

heterotrophs—mushrooms, for example—obtain

food by absorbing nutrients from decomposing

organisms in the environment.

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Define Heterotroph:

Example

Sketch of example

Name: ___________________________Period: _______Originally, however, the energy in nearly all food

molecules comes from the sun. Plants, algae, and

some bacteria are able to use light energy from

the sun to produce food. Organisms that make

their own food are called autotrophs. Ultimately,

nearly all life on Earth, including ourselves,

depends on the ability of autotrophs to capture

the energy of sunlight and store it in the

molecules that make up food.

Photosynthesis

The process by which autotrophs use the energy of sunlight to produce high-

energy carbohydrates—sugars and starches—that can be used as food is known

as photosynthesis. Photosynthesis comes from the Greek words photo,

meaning “light,” and synthesis, meaning “putting together.” Therefore,

photosynthesis means “using light to put something together.” In the process

of photosynthesis, plants convert the energy of sunlight into chemical

energy stored in the bonds of carbohydrates. In the rest of this chapter,

you will learn how this process works.

7. Describe photosynthesis. _________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________

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Define Autotroph:

Example

Sketch of example

Name: ___________________________Period: _______

Chromatography Lab Problem: Is a leaf made up of a single pigment or multiple pigments?INTRODUCTION

The green leaf is the chief site of the process of photosynthesis. The plant’s pigments, which give the plant its color, help to capture light energy. The plant can then use this energy to make its own food. Since photosynthesis is so important to the world’s food supply, it is understandable that biologists and biochemists want to know all they can about the green substance in leaves.

In this investigation you will use a technique called paper chromatography to determine whether the green substance is a single substance or a mixture of substances. Paper chromatography is a technique that separates mixtures of substances into their separate components.

What are the colors of the rainbow? ___________________________________________

Define pigment: __________________________________________________________

How do we see color? ______________________________________________________

Define chlorophyll: ________________________________________________________

MATERIALSspinach leaf coin cork stopper with hooksolvent ruler flasktest tube chromatography paper pencil

PROCEDURE: WEAR SAFETY GLASSES1. Obtain a test tube with a tight-fitting cork or stopper.2. Obtain a chromatography paper strip. When you put your paper strip into the

test tube, the strip should not be “scrunched”. With a pencil, not a pen, draw a line about 2 to 3 cm from the lower end of the strip.

3. Now, you are ready to make your chromatogram. Take your spinach leaf and place it upside down on your strip. Using a coin, gently roll it across the spinach leaf along the pencil line on your paper strip. If you pressed hard enough to damage the leaf you should now see a green line right on top of your pencil line. Repeat this process on top of the pencil line using other areas of the leaf until you get a dark green line. You do not want a green splotch. Be careful not to press too hard or you may rip your paper strip and have to start over. You may blow on the line or wave the paper in the air to speed the drying. It must be dry.

4. Put solvent into your test tube so it only touches the bottom of the paper strip.

Place the paper strip into the test tube and keep it straight and in place with the hook that is inserted at the bottom of the cork stopper. The pigment line must

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______remain well above the liquid solvent. Do not let the solvent touch the pigment line. The bottom of the strip must be in the solvent.

5. Let the tube stand upright and motionless in the flask until the solvent moves up the paper to the top—about 10 minutes. Check your chromatogram every few minutes to be sure that the solvent does not go beyond the top of the paper strip. When the solvent has reached the top, immediately remove the paper strip from the test tube. Let the paper strip dry.

6. Notice the faint bands of color. Spinach leaves contain the following pigments:carotene (yellow-orange)xanthophyll (pale yellow)chlorophyll a (bright green)chlorophyll b (olive green)

7. Using a pencil, lightly circle each band of color on your chromatogram and label. Tape the strip vertically to the top of the discussion questions. Compare your results to those of other students at your lab table.

8. Complete the discussion questions.

Tape your labeled strip below!!!!!

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS1. Is the green pigment in leaves a single compound or a mixture of several

compounds? __________________

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______2. Explain what you saw on the chromatogram.

3. Chlorophyll is green. Is all of the pigment in spinach leaves chlorophyll? _________Explain.

4. How many color bands can you see on your chromatogram? __________ How does this

compare with what other groups found?

5. In the spring and summer many leaves of trees are green. Explain why you might see different colors in those same leaves in the fall of the year before the leaves die and drop off of the trees.

6. If special tests and instruments identified a certain band of color on your chromatogram as chlorophyll a, how could you identify chlorophyll a on someone else’s chromatogram without using those tests and instruments? (You need 2 answers here.)

7. Carrots contain a pigment that gives them their distinct color. Is there any indication that the leaves you tested may have some of this same pigment? _____________ Explain.

Photosynthesis Diagram AnalysisLook at the following diagram and use it to answer the questions below.

A Chloroplast during Photosynthesis6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______1. What process is being shown in the above diagram?

2. What structure in a plant cell is being shown in the above diagram?

3. What are the reactants of the light-dependent reaction?

4. What are the products of the light-dependent reaction?

5. What is another name for the light-independent reaction?

6. What are the reactants of the light-independent reaction?

7. What is the product of the light-independent reaction?

8. In the Calvin Cycle which gas is used to make sugars?

10. Where does the light in this diagram come from?

11. What product of photosynthesis is released into the air as a “waste gas”?

12. Why are they called the light-dependent reactions?

13. Why are they called the light-independent reactions?

Conclusion: What is photosynthesis and why is it so important in life. ANSWER IN 5 COMPLETE SENTENCES!!!!!__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Name: ___________________________Period: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Describe in 3 COMPLETE SENTENCES what the world would be like without photosynthesis. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Photosynthesis Webquest Illuminating Photosynthesis

Type in the following link: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/methuselah/photosynthesis.html#

Read the introduction entitled “Illuminating Photosynthesis” by Rick Groleau

Click on the link that reads: “Go to Illuminating Photosynthesis.”

Read the introductory poem.

Click on “The Cycle” at the top of the box

1. Click on each of the following items, and explain what happens:

a. The shade over the window:

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______b. The container of water:

c. The child:

2. a. What gas does the child provide for the plant to use?

b. What gas does the plant provide for the child to use?

c. Will the plant continue to produce this gas if the shade over the window is closed? (Try it out to see!)

3. According to this animation, what 3 main things does the plant need for photosynthesis to occur?(1)

(2)

(3)

Click on “The Atomic Shuffle” at the top of the box.

Read the introductory poem, and click on “next”

4. What type of molecule is shown in the leaf? ___________________

5. Draw one of the molecules below, as it is shown in the leaf.

6. According to the reading, these molecules “do not come from the tap.” What two places do they come from?

(1) (2)

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______ Click on “next” and watch carefully. You may click on “replay” to watch this

again.

7. a. What is “stripped” from each water molecule?

________

b. From where does the cell get the energy to do this? ____________________

c. The stripped molecules form pairs. Where does it go after this?

Click on “next”

8. a. What gas enters the leaf? _______________________

b. This gas enters through “holes” in the leaf. What are they called? ________________

Click on “next”9. What molecule is formed once again?

Click on “next”

10. Another molecule is formed (“and boy is it sweet”).

What is the name of this molecule? ________________________________

Click on “Three Puzzlers” at the top of the box.

11. Answer each of the following questions, and explain in your own words.

a. Can a tree produce enough oxygen to keep a person alive? Explain.

b. Can a plant stay alive without light?

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Name: ___________________________Period: _______c. Can a plant survive without oxygen? Explain.

Chloroplast Diagram Label the following parts of the chloroplast :

Thylakoids (also known as lamellae)Granum (pleural grana)StromaOuter membrane of the chloroplastInner membrane of the chloroplastIntermembrane space

1. Which type of cell (plant OR animal) contain chloroplasts? _________________________

2. Within the chloroplast there are many saclike membranes called ____________________

3. These membranes are arranged in stacks called __________________________.

4. These saclike membranes are surrounded by a fluid called _________________________.

5. These membranes contain a green pigment called _______________________________.

6. This pigment absorbs sunlight. It looks green because it _____________________ green light.

7. Organisms that manufacture their own food are known as _______________________.

8. Name the process that takes place in the organelle you labeled above:________________.

9. Write down an overall equation for the process you named in question #8:

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1.

2.

3.

4. 6.

5.