Viral infections with exanthemexanthem is widespread rash

with fever.

Measles(robeola)

•1-the incubation period 7-14 days•2-high fever is the first sign last 4-7 days

•3-prodromal phase :fever ,anorexia and classical triad of conjunctivitis cough and

coryza(3c),photophobia,periorbital edema and myalgia may occurred.

• 4 -the characteristic enanthem generally appears 2-4 days after the onset of the prodrome and last 3-5 days(koplik spots) can be seen inside

the cheeks during the early stage.it is pathognomonic but its absence does not exclude

the diagnosis .

• 4 -the characteristic enanthem generally appears 2-4 days after the onset of the prodrome and last 3-5

days(koplik spots) can be seen inside the cheeks during the early stage.it is pathognomonic but its absence does not exclude the diagnosis.it is defined

as grains of sound on a red base appeared on a buccal mucosa apposite

the second molars .

•5-the exanthema usually appears 1-2 days after the appearance of

koplik spots,the rash is maculopapular starting on face

and upper neck and spreading to the extremities ,the entire course

of uncomplicated measles from late prodrome to resolution of

fever and rash is 7-14 days.

complications•They are more common in adults especially

pregnant ,malnourished and immunocompromised patients:

•1-otitis media•2-bacterial pneumonia•3-Transient hepatitis•4-Encephalitis(0.1%)•Subacute sclerosing

panencephalitis(sspe)which is rare complication and late occurred after 7 years.

•Diagnosis is clinical and by detection of antibody (IgM) in serum or saliva or by PCR OR

VIRAL CULTURE.•Death occurred from bacterial

super infection as complication of measles :pneumonia,diarrhoea and gangrenous stomatitis or

encephalitis.

Management:•1-supportive in uncomplicated•2-immunoglobulin given to

immunocompromised patients may attenuate the disease if received

within 6 days.•3-vitamin A

•4-antibiotic is reserved for bacterial infection.

Prevention.

•MMR is lived attenuated vaccine that is contraindicated in

immunocompromised patients•If patient with TB it should be

deferred until completion of anti TB therapy.

•Measles give life long immunity .

Rubella(german measles)

1 -it spread by respiratory droplets.

2-infectivity from up to 10 days before to two weeks after rash.

3 -it usually sub clinical in adults.

Clinical features:

1 -fever2-maculopapular rash spreading from face .

3-lymphadenopathy.4 -in adults especially women arthritis is

relatively common ,this enter in differential diagnosis of undifferentiated arthritis the

most important of this is rheumatoid arthritis.

Congenital rubella.•Laboratory confirmation is required if there has

been contact with pregnant women because rubella virus had the potential for trans placental

transmission and severe congenital malformations occurred, this is achieved by detection of igM

against rubella in serum or by IgG seroconversion,in the exposed pregnant absence

of specific rubella igG confirm the potential for congenital infection.

•Congenital rubella is risk for diabetes mellitus .

prevention

•1 -all children should be immunized as for measles by

MMR.•2-all children of childbearing age

should be tested for rubella and vaccinated if seonegative.