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MAHESH KUMARIT-A ROLL NO-25

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What is Virtual Reality?

• Definition: An interactive, computer-generated simulation environment or virtual environment.

• TYPES- IMMERSIVE NON-IMMERSIVE AUGUMENTED TEXT BASED VIDEO MAPPING

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Virtools

Media Design3DS, Maya, Lightwave

Sound Design.wav, .mp3

Texture, 2D Interface

.jpg, .bmp

Specific BB, Interface

Visual C++

VirtoolsVirtools

Application

Integration toolBehavioral tool

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Components of Immersive VR

MotionTrackingSystem

MotionTrackingSoftware

SimulationSoftware

DisplayDevice

DataAcquisition

MotionDevice

Immersive VR: A human user placed in a virtual environment

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Motion Tracking

• Captures the user’s motion within a volume of space

• Streams data to simulation software

• Can tracks any number of objects

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VR Software VR Software

• EDS Jack– Visual/Ergonomic

evaluation package

– Customizable via scripting

• Python, TCL, LISP

• MPI Vega Prime / CM Labs Vortex– Efficient display of realistic

geometry

– Realistic physics and collision detection

– Customizable via C++ coding

– New version vortex 4.2 is released in 2009

Readtrackingstream

Read dataacquisition/simulation

stream

Generatedisplay

view(s) &feebackmotion

Importenvironment

objects

Adjustlocation &orientationof objects

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VR Software

• VR Juggler C++ based Cross platform support OpenGL and OSG based APIs Simulator mode for use on workstations

 

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Applications of VR

Motion Base NASA Flight Simulator

ApplicationsVisibility / Ergonomics

Ingress / Egress

Manufacturing / Building Layout

Driving Simulation / Training

AdvantagesLow Cost

Fast prototyping

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Virtual reality in surgery • a beginning to threshold level for using Simulators in Medicine

the way that the Aviation industry has been using for past 50 Years — to avoid errors.

• instrumentation, visualisation and monitoring have enabled continual growth in the medical field.

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What is virtual surgery? The virtual reality simulation is used as an analog for the actual surgery where doctors can practice on a virtual patient before performing the surgery

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display 3-D graphics of the organ being operated on.

The user can "perform surgery" upon the virtual organs by manipulating the tools

By inputting data from computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans the patient can be replicated in virtual

environment The simulator surgery results can

be evaluated before the surgery is carried out on real patient

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3. VIRTUAL REALITY APPLICATIONS IN SURGERY

• APPLICATION:-► Training and Education.► Surgical Planning.

►Tele-surgery.

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Training and Education.

Computer-based training has many potential advantages

• It is interactive.

• An instructor presence is not necessary.

• Changes can be made that demonstrate variation in anatomy or disease state.

● “ Fly through organs’’ to examine bodies from inside.

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Surgical planning1. Survey, problem specification

2. Modelling, system plans

3. Implementation

4. Implementation,optimisation

5. Fine tuning,testing, presentation

Session 1

Session 2

Session 3

Session 4

Session 5

finished sessions

current session

future sessionsSesSes11 Ses2Ses2 Ses3Ses3 SesSes44 SesSes55

Dependence

Feedback

Pert diagram

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TELESURGERY

operate on people who are physically separated from themselves.usually done through a master-slave robot, imaging supplies through video cameras configured to provide a stereoscopic view.

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4. VIRTUAL SURGERY SIMULATION

1.3D IMAGE SIMULATION

●generate a 3D model of the part of the body that undergo surgery

●Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI), Computed Tomography (CT) or video recording, which are 2D images

●images are segmented

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2. TOUCH SIMULATION

●Physicians rely on their sense of touch

●the brain can be tricked into seeing seamless motion by flipping through 30 or so image per second

●For simulating touch sensation, we have to calculate the forces applied to cut, protuded, puncture the various tissues.

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5. WHAT IS A VIRTUAL SURGER SIMULATOR? 

• consists of a powerful PC which runs the software and an interfacer- haptic interfacer- for the user to interact with the virtual environment work on the force feedback loop.

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6. PHANTOM DESKTOP 3D TOUCH SYSTEM- A HAPTIC INTERFACER

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…now I’m sure I am.…in our virtual

hospital.

Why not?

© www.ozedweb.com

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8. CONCLUSION Medical virtual reality has come a long way in the past 10 years

as a result of advances in computer imaging, software, hardware and display

One of the current limitations of VR implementation is shortcomings in the realism of the simulations. The main Impediment to realistic simulators is the cost and processing power of available hardware.

Conflicts between sensory information can result in stimulator sickness, which includes side effects such as eyestrain, nausea, loss of balance a

Despite these concerns, the benefits of VR systems in medicines have clearly been established in several areas, including improved training, better access to services, and increase cost effectiveness and accuracy in performing certain conventional surgical procedures.

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Questions?