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1 Hybrid Cloud Transformations Feb 13, 2020 Copyright © 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. Charles Kim @racdba CEO Viscosity North America Roman Delino Regional Manager Oracle Corporation

€¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

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Page 1: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

1

Hybrid Cloud Transformations

Feb 13, 2020

Copyright © 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Charles Kim @racdbaCEOViscosity North America

Roman Delino

Regional ManagerOracle Corporation

Page 2: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

• Oracle ACE Director

• Founder and CEO of Viscosity

• Over 27 years of Oracle Expertise: Mission Critical Databases,

RAC, Data Guard, ASM, RMAN, Shareplex/GoldenGate

• Specialize in “Complex Data Replication & Integration” with Shareplex & GG

• Oracle Management Cloud Certified

• Oracle Exadata Certified Implementation Specialist, (2014, 2016)

• Oracle Certified RAC Expert

• Oracle Linux Certified Expert

Charles Kim @racdba

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Who am I slide and self promotion page 3x3 now; want to be 4x4. But don’t tell my folks..
Page 3: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

High Level Agenda and Topics• Part 1

• Technical• 20c• 19c

• Part 2• 19c Business Value• Engineered Systems TCO and ROI• What does Hybrid Cloud mean to you

Presenter
Presentation Notes
What makes this presentation unique from others is that it is more infrastructure focused More for physical DBAs or RAC DBAs We have another version that is for the Core DBAs by Rich We have another version that is for Developer focused by Jerry
Page 4: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

We wrote the books

4

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Viscosity has 17 books in total Rich Niemiec joined us in June 2017
Page 5: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

Upgrade PlansUpgrade On-Premise? Upgrade to the Cloud?

• How many are Terminal Release to Terminal Release customers?

• How many are planning to upgrade in– 6 months– 12 months– 24 months– Already There?

• Interesting in doing Zero Downtime and Zero Risk Upgrades?

• Still running legacy versions?

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Viscosity was Quest SharePlex partner of the Year ODA partner of the year SharePLex PS 2019 HVR 2020
Page 6: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

Oracle Database 12cR2 introduced on the Cloud 9/18/2016

6

February 13, 2018

On-Premise Oracle Database 12cR2 released just under 6 months later on 3/1/17

Page 7: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

Oracle Release DatesOracle Database 11g Release 1 Aug 2007

Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Sept 2009

Oracle Database 12c Release 1 June 2013

Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (Patchset) - 12.1.0.2 June 2014

Oracle Database 12c Release 2 March 2017

Oracle Database 12c Release 2First Bundled Patch

May 2017

Oracle Database 12c Release 2RU (July 18)

July 2017

Oracle 18c - “Cloud First” February 2018

Oracle 18c – Available on Exadata February 2018

Oracle 18c – Available on ODA March 2018

Oracle 18c – On-Premise July 2018

Oracle 19c - Exadata On-PremiseOracle 19c - General Availability - Terminal Release

Feb 13, 2019April 2019

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Are you the terminal release to terminal release customer? �Realize that 12c went live in 2013?
Page 8: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

Lifetime Support Commitments and PlansPlanned Release and Support Timelines

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027

11.2.0.4

12.1.0.2

EXTENDED

EXTENDED

12.2 EXTENDED

12.2.0.1

18c

19c EXTENDED*

20c

PremierWaived Extended Support Fee

Paid Extended Support

*Oracle Database 19c and 22c is expected to the long-term support release. Always check MOS Note 742060.1 for the latest schedule

21c

22c

12.2.0.2Nov 30, 2020

12.2.0.3March 31, 2023

No Extended Support

No Extended Support

Page 9: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

Page 10: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

We’ve written 23+ books on Data, Cloud, and Oracle…

Viscosity At A Glanceo Viscosity founders hold 25+ years each in

the Oracle space

o Authors of 23+ books in the Oracle space

o 6 Oracle ACEso 4 Oracle ACE Directors (only 36 in

USA) o + 2 Oracle ACE

o Quest SharePlex Platinum Partnero Kyriba Platinum Partner

o Expertise in Oracle 11g, 12c, 18c, 19c, RAC, ASM, Data Guard, Zero Downtime Upgrades, Performance Tuning, and much more

Page 11: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

4 Quarters of Tech Deep DivesReleased @OpenWorld 20172nd Edition @OpenWorld 2019

3rd Edition for IOUG Collaborate - April 2020

PDB Me ASAP! A Lazy DBA’s Guide to Mastering Multitenant Features of Oracle Database 12cR2

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Ask for a kindle version Could not bring copies from USA
Page 12: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

Evolution of the DBA

12

Kind of DBA Timeline

CLI DBA Early 90’s DBAs

GUI DBA Late 90’s and Dot Com

Google DBA Dot Com and 2000’s

iDBA Dot Com, IOUG iDBA Master Curriculum

RAC DBAs (MAA DBAs) 2000+ after 9.2 (but major spike with 10.2) + Data Guard

DMA 2010+ Database Machine Administrator

vDBA / vRAC DBA 2010+ Evolving role of a DBA in the virtual world

Cloud DBA 2011+ Database Consolidation with Private Database CloudOracle Database 12c Launches June 2013

Public Cloud DBA 2015+ Oracle Public Cloud with Database Cloud Service, Database Backup Cloud Service, Storage Cloud Service, IaaS Cloud Service

PDBAs 2017+ Multi-Tenant with Oracle Database 12c Release 2GA – March 15, 2017

“It is not the strongest or the most intelligent who will survive but those who can best manage [adapt

to] change.”

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Nobody wanted our book After OOW 19, it is in BIG demand Got Pini from Quest to co-author it
Page 13: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

Oracle 19c (LiveSQL Released) - Jan 16, 2019

• https://blogs.oracle.com/oracle-database/oracle-database-19c-now-available-on-livesql

• http://livesql.oracle.com

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Goto livesql.oracle.com to play with 19c new features
Page 14: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

Oracle Database19c 3 PDBs - FREE TO USE

• Starting in Oracle Database 20c • Containerized databases are a requirement• Starting in Oracle Database 19c, each container

database can have up to 3 pluggable databases

• Change how we perform database upgrades• Change how we do data center migrations• Change how we perform patches

Page 15: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

Page 16: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

RU and RUR for 12.2• In July 2017 Oracle will release• a Database RU ( = Proactive Bundle Patches (BPs)), • a Grid Infrastructure RU, • and an OJVM RU.

• No More PSUs or Bundle Patches for the 12.2.0.1 release

• The first RUR ( = Patch Set Updates (PSUs)) for 12.2.0.1 is planned for October 2017 • October 2017, the 2nd RU for Oracle Database 12.2.0.1 is expected• January 2018, the 3rd RU is expected and the 2nd RUR is expected

• Speculations: Are to release only 2 RURs per RU

40

Page 17: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

PSUs are Very Important - (N-1)MOS 756671.1 - Oracle Recommended Patches - Oracle Databasehttp://www.dbaexpert.com/blog/master-reference-for-psus/

FYI: 12.2 Release Date - Release Schedule of Current Database Releases (Doc ID 742060.1)

12.1.0.2

11.2.0.4

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Lot of people do not know that GI PSU needs to be applied to GI stack and DB stack Stability of DG starts at having PSUs applied We perform patching through cloning DB Homes … even for Data Guard Always do N-1 unless you are in May and expecting update in June PSU - Couple of months have passed since the PSU has been released
Page 18: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

Data Guard Standby - First Patch Apply (11.2)Doc ID 1265700.1 - Data Guard Standby-First Patch Apply

• What is allowed:• 11.2.0.4 JulPSU to

11.2.0.4 OctPSU• 12.1.0.2 JulPSU to

12.1.02 OctPSU

• What is NOT allowed:• 11.2.0.3 JulPSU to

11.2.0.4• 11.2.0.4 JulPSU to

12.1.0.2

42

Starting in Oracle Database 11.2.0.1 and later• Apply candidate patch(see below) first on the

standby database (Binary Only)• Evaluate candidate patch• Switchover• Apply patch(es) on old primary database including

DataPatch• Switchover (Switch Back)

Candidates Patches:• Database home interim patches• Exadata bundle patches (e.g. Monthly and

quarterly database patches for Exadata)• Database patch set updates (PSUs)

Read the README.html file

Page 19: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA Upgrade, Migrate & Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c

Performance: Preserve Statistics

Gather accurate performance statistics from productionAccurate means: Starting at least 1 month before the upgradeUse Automatic Workload Repository (AWR) Snapshots interval 30-60 minutes and

retention ~40 daysExtract AWR: SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/awrextr.sql

Performance snapshot comparison using AWR DIFF reports:SQL>select * from table(DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY.AWR_DIFF_REPORT_HTML(<DBID>, 1, 101, 121, <DBID>, 1, 201, 221));

MOS Note:1477599.1 Best Practices Around Data Collection For Performance Issues

43

Page 20: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

Pre-Upgrade/Migrate ConsiderationsAlways Consider Minimal or Zero Downtime Approach

Set Guaranteed Restore Points accordingly

Ensure AWR retention is long enough to capture historical data for comparison

Backup your database statistics, in case an older SQL plan needs restoring

Definitely consider RAT for real workload testing, instead of synthetic workloads tests

If upgrading older version of RAC to new version in place, special consideration need to be understood9i RAC to 12c RAC

Upgrade to 12c GI stack first, Flex ASM or notLegacy clients may not support new Net connections

Presenter
Presentation Notes
For legacy version determine impact of applying RAT capture patch
Page 21: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

Oracle Database 12c Release 2Upgrade Paths

Minimum Effort Upgrades to Oracle 12c Release 2 (12.2)Source Database Target Database11.2.0.3 / 11.2.0.4 12.2.x12.1.0.1 / 12.1.0.2 12.2.x

Intermediate upgrade pathsSource Database Intermediate upgrade path Target database11.2.0.1 / 11.2.0.2 11.2.0.4 12.2.x11.1.0.6 / 11.1.0.7 11.2.0.4 12.2.x10.2.0.2/10.2.0.3/10.2.0.4/10.2.0.5 11.2.0.4 / 12.1.0.2 12.2.x10.1.0.5 11.2.0.4 / 12.1.0.2 12.2.x9.2.0.8 11.2.0.3 / 11.2.0.4 12.2.x

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@ViscosityNA

Oracle Database 12c Release 2For Super Old Versions

Intermediate upgrade pathsSource Database Intermediate upgrade path Target database7.3.3 (lower) 7.3.4 --> 9.2.0.8 --> 11.2.0.3 or higher 12.2.x8.0.5 ( or lower ) 8.0.6 --> 9.2.0.8 --> 11.2.0.3 or higher 12.2.x8.1.7 ( or lower ) 8.1.7 --> 9.2.0.8 --> 11.2.0.3 or higher 12.2.x9.0.1.3 ( or lower ) 9.0.1.3 --> 9.2.0.8 --> 11.2.0.3 or higher 12.2.x9.2.0.7 ( or lower ) 9.2.0.7 --> 11.2.0.3 or higher 12.2.x9.2.0.8 11.2.0.3 / 11.2.0.4 12.2.x

Page 23: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

• Oracle Database 19c Release Update & Release Update Revision October 2019 Known Issues (Doc ID 2568305.1)

Last updated on JANUARY 17, 2020

Page 24: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

19c Recommended Patches

Page 25: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

Oracle 19c (LiveSQL Released) - Jan 16, 2019

• https://blogs.oracle.com/oracle-database/oracle-database-19c-now-available-on-livesql

Page 26: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

Oracle 20c New Features• Native blockchain table

• Secure ledger table managed by a trusted provider who has the best security in the world

• Create blockchain table [ledger_of_tables]

• Insert only

• Rows are cryptographically chained and trusted

• New JSON datatype

• Binary JSON datatype for SQL and PL/SQL

• SCANS up to 10x faster

• Updates up to 4x faster

• SQL Update now allows SET and REMOVE of JSON elements

Page 27: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

Oracle 20c New Features

• In-Memory

• Support for Spatial and Text options

• 10x faster for Spatial

• 3x faster for Text

• Hybrid Scans

• In-memory scans get missing values from the buffer cache

• 10x faster hybrid queries

• Self-Managing In-Memory

• Auto In-Memory populate and evict

• No need to declare tables INMEMORY

Persistent Memory

• For workloads that need lower latency

than flash memory

• Keeps Data and Redo on local persistent

memory (PMEM)

• Eliminates I/O code path, no need for

large buffer cache

• Can scale out using Native Database

Sharding

Page 28: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

Oracle 20c New Features

• Automatic Machine Learning (Auto ML)• Automatically build and compare Machine Learning models

• Bring algorithms to the data, not data to the algorithm• Oracle DB natively includes dozens of ML algorithms including deep learning

• Extend in-database algorithm with Python and R• Easily deploy models via REST API• Perform parallel ML directly in Data Warehouses or OLTP for fast model

building and real-time scoring of the new data

Page 29: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

Quarantine for Execution Plans for SQL Statements

SQL statements terminated due to excessive CPU and I/O can be quarantinedExecution Plans for above SQL are Quarantined

Enable/Disable a quarantine configuration:DBMS_SQLQ.ALTER_QUARANTINE procedure

Drop & Alter Quarantined Configuration (unused quarantined configs deleted 53 weeks):DBMS_SQLQ.DROP_QUARANTINE & DBMS_SQLQ.ALTER_QUARANTINE

DBA_SQL_QUARANTINE - details of quarantine configurationsV$SQL & GV$SQL to get execution plan details of quarantined SQL

54SQL Quarantine

Page 30: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNAviscosityna.com

Oracle 19c RAC and SE2 De-Support

• SE does not provide all the HA capabilities in Oracle Database

• SE2 Socket Requirements are hard to meet (as hardware evolves)

• SE RAC has been diminishing demand

• MOS: 2504078.1Desupport of Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) with Oracle Database Standard Edition 19c (Doc ID 2504078.1)

Page 31: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNAviscosityna.com

RAC for Standard Edition Customers

Page 33: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

19c: dbca silent enhancementsDuplicate and Oracle RAC database

• DBCA Silent Mode New features in Database 19C (Doc ID 2477805.1)• DBCA silent mode command "createDuplicateDB" will create a duplicate of a Non-

CDB or an Oracle RAC database.

• The createDuplicateDB command can be used to duplicate the following types of databases:

Duplicate an Oracle RAC database as a non-multitenant container database (non-CDB)Duplicate an Oracle RAC database as a pluggable database (PDB)Duplicate an Oracle RAC database as an Oracle RAC databaseDuplicate an Oracle RAC database as an Oracle RAC standby database

•Duplicate a non-CDB as a non-CDBDuplicate a non-CDB as a non-CDB standby databaseDuplicate a non-CDB as an Oracle RAC database

Page 34: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

19c Upgrade in silent modeOne of our financials customer• Set Oracle parameter SEC_CASE_SENSITIVE_LOGON to True

– This fails in the Pre-upgrade process since it is set to False on the 11.2 DB.

• Enable Flashback• Source 19c Home• export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.5.0/dbhome_1/lib

• nohup /u01/app/oracle/product/19.5.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbua -silent -sid TRXPRD1 -oracleHome /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1 -recompile_invalid_objects true -emConfiguration NONE -upgrade_parallelism 8 &

• Upgrade Logs - /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbua/upgrade2012-02-07_04-47-49PM

• Disable Flashback

Page 35: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

Rapid Home Provisioning (RHP)In 19c, now called Fleet Patching and Provisioning (FPP)

• Every terminology is going towards Fleet – i.e. Fleet Container

Database Management

Page 36: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

Oracle 19c

• Long Term Support • EBS will be certified in Oracle 19c• Customers are being told to go to Oracle 19c• Here’s the ISSUE

• If you are on 11.2.0.4, you are already too late• Need to wait for the 1st RU or 2nd RU before even considering

19cFactoid

• As of Q4 2018, about 80% customer databases are on 11.2 and 12.1• Oracle does not charge for extended support on Oracle Cloud

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@ViscosityNA

Oracle 19cMy Oracle Support Document 2485457.1

• Auto Upgrade for Oracle Databases• Must download the AutoUpgrade Kit (Starting with 12.2 and 18.5)

• For 12.2: Requires the January 2019 Release Updates (DBJAN2019RU)• Upgrade database instance from command line with single configuration file• Runs pre-upgrade tasks• Performs automated fix-ups• Performs the actual upgrade• Performs post-upgrade tasks

• Automatic retry and tailback• Schedule the upgrade• Change init.ora parameters along the way

Page 38: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

Easy Connect Enhancements

• Add support for multiple hosts and ports in the connection strings • Designed for easier load-balancing client connections

• Easy Connect Adapter accepts list of name-value pairs• &CONNECT_TIMEOUT=45• &RETRY_COUNT=3• &SDU=

Page 39: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

@ViscosityNA

Automated Testing of Query Plans

• NO DBA INTERVENTION NEEDED• Oracle says:

• Companies no longer need to perform full regression tests … Hmmm

• Oracle 19c will “automagically” check built-in execution plans against existing plans• Then replace current plan with the faster plan• Or keep the existing plan• Idea is queries will run just as fast or better

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@ViscosityNA

Automatic Indexing

• NO DBA INTERVENTION NEEDED• One of the biggest 19c feature• Fully automated• Oracle will identify candidate indexes• Oracle will first create those indexes as unusable and invisible (metadata only)

• Verify: oracle will ask the optimizer to test if those candidate indexesimprove the SQL performance

• Validate & Implement: If the performance is better for all statements when indexed is used, it will become visible

• Will have audit reports as part of database system reporting

Presenter
Presentation Notes
And if it only performs better for some statements, the index is only marked visible for those SQLs
Page 41: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

April 2-6, 2017 in Las Vegas, NV USA #C17LV

Activating and Controlling AIC

Is AIC activated? And if so, at what levels?1

SQL> SELECT parameter_name, parameter_valueFROM dba_auto_index_config;

AIC Parameter Setting-------------------------------- ---------AUTO_INDEX_COMPRESSION OFFAUTO_INDEX_DEFAULT_TABLESPACEAUTO_INDEX_MODE IMPLEMENTAUTO_INDEX_REPORT_RETENTION 31AUTO_INDEX_RETENTION_FOR_AUTO 373AUTO_INDEX_RETENTION_FOR_MANUALAUTO_INDEX_SCHEMAAUTO_INDEX_SPACE_BUDGET 50

AIC is already activated and it’s running in fully automatic mode. It can also be set to only gather

intelligence for later index implementation (REPORT ONLY) or even deactivated (OFF)

AIC logging will be retained for 31 days; any AIC-created indexes will be retained

for at least 373 days …

… and up to 50% of the AIC default tablespace can be allocated for AIC –

created indexes

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The DBA_AUTO_INDEX_CONFIG data dictionary view contains full information on which aspects and features of AIC are currently activated.
Page 42: €¦ · @ViscosityNA. High Level Agenda and Topics • Part 1 • Technical • 20c • 19c • Part 2 • 19c Business Value • Engineered Systems TCO and ROI • What does Hybrid

April 2-6, 2017 in Las Vegas, NV USA #C17LV

Are There Any AIC-Created Indexes Already?

SQL> SELECT owner, table_name, index_name, visibilityFROM dba_indexesWHERE auto = 'YES'ORDER BY 1,2,3; OWNER TABLE_NAME INDEX_NAME VISIBILITY

----- -------------------------------- -------------------------------- ------------TPCE ADDRESS SYS_AI_c3s7r26pujqyw INVISIBLETPCE COMPANY SYS_AI_5bz560x7mkmm5 INVISIBLETPCE COMPANY SYS_AI_8m4x6f5kzagpk INVISIBLETPCE COMPANY_COMPETITOR SYS_AI_g16pbfxkcvndg INVISIBLETPCE CUSTOMER_ACCOUNT SYS_AI_2nq8gbwuzdb6j INVISIBLETPCE CUSTOMER_ACCOUNT SYS_AI_d3kmzk12banrf VISIBLETPCE DAILY_MARKET SYS_AI_804nrthjdbw65 INVISIBLETPCE FINANCIAL SYS_AI_f48n5gfuab5xd INVISIBLETPCE HOLDING_HISTORY SYS_AI_c2vqkp1cnaynt INVISIBLETPCE HOLDING_SUMMARY SYS_AI_5unr1rda8j36j INVISIBLETPCE NEWS_XREF SYS_AI_8v3ttavnf0607 INVISIBLETPCE SECURITY SYS_AI_2gm9u3nyxkwcu INVISIBLETPCE SECURITY SYS_AI_4qyqwxyvbn1ut INVISIBLETPCE TRADE SYS_AI_1hjwdmk5q4mkz VISIBLETPCE TRADE SYS_AI_385rjxyamg6nd VISIBLETPCE TRADE SYS_AI_a8805thkfs7ua VISIBLETPCE TRADE SYS_AI_f03t41rg8f49c INVISIBLETPCE TRADE_HISTORY SYS_AI_cbcn2hcywmvcb INVISIBLETPCE WATCH_ITEM SYS_AI_cz35y7a104y79 INVISIBLETPCE WATCH_LIST SYS_AI_3h68gvvm1cmvr INVISIBLE

The SYS_AI prefix is proof that AIC has been hard at work …

… but even though AIC created these

indexes automatically, some are still

INVISIBLE because they’re not yet

valuable enough to improve workload

performance

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Any secondary index created by AIC is prefixed with SYS_AI, so they’re easy to identify. However, in this example, note that only four of the nearly 20 AIC indexes created are actually VISIBLE because they have been determined via AI and ML to be of definite benefit to application workloads. The other indexes will be retained up to the threshold defined by AUTO_INDEX_RETENTION_FOR_AUTO and if they have not been used after that threshold expires, they will be automatically purged.
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19c - Automatic Indexes & Data Dictionary ViewsAuto indexes are local B-tree IndexesAuto Indexes can be created for partitioned tables & non-partitioned tablesAuto Indexes can’t be created for temporary tables

The main dictionary view that shows the configuration settings for automatic indexing:DBA_AUTO_INDEX_CONFIG

Views with the AUTO column that shows whether an index is AUTO Index: set to YES or sets it to NO if it’s not an Auto Index.

DBA_INDEXESALL_INDEXESUSER_INDEXES

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19c - DBMS_AUTO_INDEX.REPORT for more Info

October 7, 2019 73

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Read Mostly Physical Standby

October 7, 2019 75

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19c: Data Guard DML Re-Direction

• RUN DML on ADG

• Re-Direct DML statement back to the primary database • Data changes will happen on the primary database• Changed blocks will ship to ADG• ADG wil be in sync to maintain redundancy

Set ADG_REDIRECT_DML initialization parameter = TRUESQL> ALTER SESSION ENABLE ADG_REDIRECT_DML;

Presenter
Presentation Notes
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Additional 19c New Features

Duplicate a non-CDB — Or an Oracle RAC database with dbca in silent mode

createDuplicateDB command of DBCA in silent mode.Can be duplicated to a remote server with connectivity from the source system (where DBCA is running) to the target remote server.

Relocate a PDB to another CDB using DBCA in silent mode

RelocatePDB command of DBCA in silent mode

Simplified Image Based Oracle Database Client Installation

Starting with Oracle Database 19c, installation and configuration of Oracle Database Client software is an image-based installation.To install Oracle Database Client, create the new Oracle home, extract the image file into the newly-created Oracle home, and run the setup wizard to register the Oracle Database product.

Oracle Clusterware dry-run mode upgrade to check your system’s upgrade readiness

Starting with Oracle Grid Infrastructure 19c, the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation wizard (gridSetup.sh)

The wizard performs all of the system readiness checks as an actual upgradeEnables you to verify if your system is ready for upgrade before you start the upgrade

Does not perform the actual upgrade

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Additional 19c New Features

Hybrid Partitioned tables Enables partitions to reside in both Oracle Database segments and in external files and sources. — Enhances functionality of partitioning for Big Data SQL where large portions of a table can reside in external partitions.— Move non-active partitions to external files, such as Oracle Data Pump files, for a cheaper storage solution— Move non-active partitions to Big Data

Flashback physical standby when the primary database is flashed back

In previous releases, getting the secondary to the same point in time as the primary requires a manual procedure to flash back standby databases. A new parameter is introduced which enables the standby database to be flashed back automatically when Flashback Database is performed on the primary database.

Propagate restore points to the standby Restore points and GRP is stored in the control file and not propagated to the standby site

With Failover, the standby becomes the new primary and restore point information is LOST

Now, the restore points are preserved after a failover

MIRA + In-Memory ADG

It its one or the other before

Now you can have best of both

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Additional 19c New FeaturesFSFO in “Test” Mode Configure it to Observe only creating a 'test mode' to see when a failover or other

interaction would have occurred during the normal production processing- Can tune FSFO for finer granularity- Can see IF FSFO would have actually occurred without production impact- Improve failover validation

Dynamically Change FSFO target With 12.2, we can have multiple FSFO targets

With 19c, we can change the targets without FSFO being disabled

PDB Recovery Catalog PDBs are now supported as a target database

Can be used with Virtual Private Catalog (VPC)

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Additional 19c New Features

Clear Flashback logs periodically to increase FRA size predictability

Starting in 19c, the management of space in the fast recovery area is simplified

Oracle Database monitors flashback logs in the fast recovery area and automatically deletes flashback logs that are beyond the retention period. When the retention target is reduced, flashback logs that are beyond the retention period are deleted immediately.

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Additional 19c New Features

RAT at PDB Level Starting in 19c, capture and replay is supported at PDB level

ASM Parity Protected Files Single Parity for redundancy Intended for write-once files such as archive logs and backup sets

For Flex Disk GroupNot supported for datafiles

Requires 3 regular failure groups in a flex disk groupFined Grained PDB Patching Patch individual PDBs in a Multi-tenant environment

Allows bug fixes to be patched only on specific PDBs rather than across the entire CDB

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Direct Placement for OCR and Vote Disks18c Desupported19c Re-Supported

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Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.87

HCC - Hybrid Columnar CompressionHighest Capacity, Lowest Cost

▪ Data is organized and compressed by column– Dramatically better compression

▪ Speed Optimized Query Mode for Data Warehousing

– 10X compression typical– Runs faster because of Exadata offload!

▪ Space Optimized Archival Mode for infrequently accessed data

– 15X to over 50X compression typical

Que

ry

Faster and SimplerBackup, DR, Caching, Reorg, Clone Benefits Multiply

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Mission CriticalZero Downtime Upgrades and MigrationsZero Risk With Reverse Replication

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18c: Scalable Sequencesselect hca_seq_scale_01.nextval from dual;

select sys_context('USERENV', 'INSTANCE'), sys_context('USERENV', 'SID')

from dual;

Let’s dissect the sequence number:101808 0000000000000000000003

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18c: Scalable SequencesLet’s dissect the sequence number:101808 0000000000000000000003 = total 28 digits

6 digit scalable sequence offset numberNormal sequence number – 22 digits

Let’s dissect the scalable sequence offset:101 808

3 digit instance offset number: [ (instance id % 100) + 100 ] => 1013 digit session offset number: ( session id from session information % 1000 ) = 1808/1000 = remainder of 808

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Oracle Database 18c New Features

Zero Impact Grid Infrastructure Patching Per-PDB Switchover

Sharded RACLogically partition data across instances in RACUser Defined Sharding

Presenter
Presentation Notes
With Oracle Database 18c, zero impact patching of grid infrastructure patches each of the nodes Grid Infrastructure software in a rolling fashion whist the databases running on that node continue to be available to the application users. Zero Downtime (ZDT) patching with OPatchAuto
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Really19c

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Oracle Read-Only Oracle HomeSome Files that used to be in ORACLE_HOME are in ORACLE_BASE_HOME and

ORACLE_BASE_CONFIGBiggest benefit is Patching and Update the Database without large downtimes.One Read-Only Image can be to distribute to many DatabasesTo enable/help commands:

$roohctl -enable (next, run ./dbca from the bin directory)$roohctl -help

Following are the possible commands:

-enable Enable Read-only Oracle Home

-disable Disable Read-only Oracle Home

106

18cOracle

Database

Presenter
Presentation Notes
“rooh” stands for Read Only Oracle Home.
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Oracle Read-Only Oracle Home & RPM InstallThe database tools and processes write under the ORACLE_BASE path instead of under the Oracle home directory. A read-only Oracle home separates the software from the database configuration information and log files. This separation enables you to easily share the software across different deployments. A read-only Oracle home also simplifies version control and standardization.

Oracle 18c also includes an RPM-based Database Installation:▪$rpm –ivh (performs preinstallation validations, extracts packaged software, reassigns

ownership, executes root operations for the installation...etc.)

107

18cOracle

Database

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Oracle Database 18c New Features

Database In-Memory Support for External Tables

-Great for HDFS

Rolling patches for OJVM

Integration with Active Directory (No OID)Authorization to database through Active Directory user/group mappings to database schema users and roles

Per PDB Key storagePassword-less schema creationNo default passwords

In-Memory for external tablesBuild and load in single queryVirtual columns in-memory

Private Temporary Tables(to go along with current Global Temporary Tables)

• CREATE PRIVATE TEMPORARY TABLE is the same as GTT but only visible to the session that creates it

Automatic In-Memory

- evicts the infrequently accessed IM columns out of memory in the situation of memory insufficiency

- based on the Heat Map

Alter Table Merge Partition & SubPartition Online

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Private Temporary Tables Transient tables useful for reporting applications   Global temporary tables Persistent, shared (global) table definition Temporary, private (session-based) data content Data physically exists for a transaction or session Session-private statistics   Private temporary tables (18c) Temporary, private (session-based) table definition Private table name and shape Temporary, private (session-based) data content Session or transaction duration Automatic In-Memory Although the In-Memory Advisor is helpful, actual usage is the best way to determine the optimum set of segments to populate. Automatic In-Memory Management maximizes the benefit of DRAM memory allocated to the IM column store and provides the best analytic response time for analytic workloads.
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Oracle Database 18c Additional Features

Official Docker Support for 18c (and RAC Support Coming)

Snapshot Carousel

Duplicate PDBs across CDBsInline External TablesExternal Table Definition provided at runtimeNo need to pre-create external tables that’s only used once

Dynamic Data Masking - redact data before it is returned to the applicationThe Express Edition (XE) is free use for development or production (not recommended)

Nearly all functionality is IncludedLimited to 12G of user storage (was 11G in 11g)Limited to 2G of SGA

Presenter
Presentation Notes
How many of you run Docker on your laptop? I have 12.2 EE and SQL Server on my old laptop
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Oracle Database 18c Additional Features

Shadow Lost Write Protection-DB, TS or Datafile

Transportable Backups

Backups from non-CDBs are usable after migration to CDB

- Backups on source DB are PREPLUGIN backups

RMAN duplicate PDB into existing CDB Backup to archive storage

- Enhances Oracle SBT Library to Archive Storage Cloud

Manual termination of run-away queriesManually kill a statement without breaking the session:

ALTER SYSTEM CANCEL SQL.

ALTER SYSTEM CANCEL SQL ‘SID, SERIAL, @INST_ID, SQL_ID’;

New parallel statement queue timeout and dequeue actions

Presenter
Presentation Notes
“A data block lost write occurs when an I/O subsystem acknowledges the completion of the block write, while in fact the write did not occur in the persistent storage” (support note 1302539.1) What can cause lost writes? Just about anything: Faulty disks and disk controllers Faulty memory Faulty network components Firmware, operating system, volume manager, NFS or third party software defects Oracle Database software defects
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Multi-Instance Redo Apply Supports Use of Block Change Tracking Files for RMAN Backups

MIRA + BCT = ADG (Best of both worlds)

•RMAN block change tracking file can now be enabled on an Oracle Active Data Guard standby that is using multi-instance Redo Apply•Fastest redo apply technology + incremental backup technology on the same Oracle Active Data Guard

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PDB Switchover Clause

• Reverses the roles between a refreshable clone PDB and a primary PDB. • The former Refreshable clone PDB becomes the primary PDB, which can

now be opened in read write mode. • The formerly primary PDB now is the refreshable clone and can only be

opened in READ ONLY mode.• This command must be executed from the primary PDB.• The dblink must point to the root CDB where the refreshable clone PDB

resides.

alter pluggable database refresh mode auto every 2 minutes from new_pdb@dblink switchover;

June 11, 2018 146

18cOracle

Database

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Oracle 18c – Inline External Tables

June 13, 2018 163

18cOracle

Database

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Multitenant

• Container managed database virtualization

• Manage Many as one (Great!)• Patching, Backup, Security, Online

Cloning, Online Relocation165

Oracle 12c Oracle Database 18c

• Per-PDB Switchover• Transportable Backups• Snapshot Carousel• Faster Upgrades

18cOracle

Database

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Snapshot Carousel Extends recovery capability beyond flashback retention period Storage-efficient snapshot clones taken on periodic basis (perhaps every 12:01am) (Maximum of 8 snapshots) Archive log files retained Example: On Friday morning I want to recover to point in time of Wednesday at 11:17am. We restore snapshot for Wednesday’s snapshot. We recover from that point using appropriate archive logs until SCN for 11:17am. PDB User-Managed Standbys Technically capability is based on refreshable PDB. Remember, refreshable PDB works by: Take hot clone of source PDB. ”Top up” clone PDB with incremental redo from source (either manually or on fixed schedule). At high level this is comparable to having a per-PDB data guard standby. What this new capability adds is the ability to open the refreshable clone read-write as “new primary”, Comparable in that sense to a failover/switchover at the PDB level. Transportable Backups PDB backups were not transportable before 12.2.0.2 Non-portable backups limit practicality of PDB relocation (Backups orphaned after relocation of a PDB). Problem today: Let’s say you do weekly full backups on Sunday and nightly incrementals. Unplug/plug My_PDB from CDB1 to CDB2 on Wednesday. On Friday, I can recover to Tuesday afternoon – restore full backup, apply incrementals until Tuesday But, on Friday I can’t recover simply to Thursday afternoon because incrementals are divided between CDBs. Mitigation: After unplug/plug take a full backup. With transportable backups I can restore to Thursday afternoon without having to take the full backup post-unplug/plug. This makes moving a PDB a less cumbersome procedure (by eliminating the need for full backup each time). Faster Upgrades Two parts to this: Use capture/replay mechanism to restrict upgrade procedure only to effective steps Automatically upgrade PDBs following plugin if necessary. 1. Current upgrade procedure is a single script which can cover upgrades from several prior versions. Execution of upgrade from a recent version involves skipping steps applicable only to upgrades from older versions. To achieve this, Individual steps are written to be resilient. (For example “create or replace…”) However, cumulative cost of multiple no-ops can be significant. New framework includes repository in which upgrade steps may be captured and replayed. In this repository we store only the effective steps for all supported paths (full set of options). (This is part of the database development procedure – not something a customer has to worry about.) For customer upgrades we identify the source version number. We now apply from the repository an upgrade procedure which includes only the effective steps for that upgrade path. (Example: Upgrade from 12.1.0.2 to 12.2.0.1 reduced by ~50% - from about 45 minutes per PDB.) Identical mechanism used for patches (which are comparable in effect to upgrades but much smaller in scope). 2. Automatic upgrade following plugin. Today if you move My_PDB from 12.1.0.2.PSU2 to 12.1.0.2.PSU4 you can only open in restricted mode. Datapatch must be run to patch My_PDB before it can be opened read/write. In new infrastructure, we’ll include the “upgrade path” for the patch in CDB$Root as part of the patch script. At first PDB open after plugin in this example, the “upgrade steps” (from datapatch in this case) are run This brings to reality the upgrade/patch via unplug/plug concept articulated since 12.1.0.1. (Note: This only works for upgrades. Downgrades are far less common and are still supported by the “old” mechanism.)
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Oracle Database 12.2For IT Transformation

January 2020

Charles Kim, CEOOracle ACE Director

Oracle Platinum Partner

Presenter
Presentation Notes
We have 3 variations of this presentations for different audiences This one is more infrastructure focused and for DBAs (RAC DBAs, Infrastructure DBAs, physical DBAs) Rich’s version Jerry’s version
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Why You Should Consider Upgrading to Oracle 12.2 or 18c

11.2 Premier Support Ended - ULA?12.1.0.2 Premier Support EndEven Oracle 19c ?

Presenter
Presentation Notes
This is a journey Not a weekend outage window and going live with mission critical systems on the Cloud
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Silent Installation of RAC / ASM / DB - Oracle Database 12.2Different Way of Installing / Configuring Oracle

• Create 2-4 Node RAC environments easily with automation

• Create ASM instances in silent mode (for non-RAC)

• Create ASM Disk Groups with automation

• Perform Silent Installations of Oracle DB Software

• Create Databases with dbca in silent mode

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12cR2 Initialization Parameters

• Oracle 12c Release 2 now has 4649 initialization parameters • Oracle 12c Release 2 now has 412 documented and 4237 hidden.

• Oracle 12c R2 has 746 V$ views and 1,312 X$ tables

• There is also an additional column on many V$ views for Container ID (CON_ID) with PDBs (Pluggable Databases) and CDBs (Container Database).

• Make sure that you adjust any scripts that you have to accommodate this new column.

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@ViscosityNA 240

Fully Encrypted DatabaseTablespace Encryption (TDE)

Encryption in the Silicon (M7)Oracle Multi-Tenant Security (PDBs)Oracle Audit Vault

Oracle Database Vault DB Security Evaluation #19

Transparent Data Encryption EM Configuration Scanning

Fine Grained Auditing (9i)Secure application roles

Client Identifier / Identity propagationOracle Label Security (2000)

Proxy authenticationEnterprise User Security

Global rolesVirtual Private Database (8i)

Database Encryption APIStrong authentication (PKI, Kerberos, RADIUS)

Native Network Encryption (Oracle7) Database Auditing

Government customer

Oracle Database SecurityBuilt over MANY years...

1977

Full Database Encryption

TDE Tablespace Offline Conversion- No storage overhead

- Requires downtime

- Role-Based Conditional Auditing

- Auto Lockout of Inactive Accounts- CREATE PROFILE time_limit LIMIT INACTIVE_ACCOUNT_TIME 30;

Presenter
Presentation Notes
I like to show this slide to let customers know that Oracle has been working in the security space pretty much since day 1. The very first Oracle customers were in the government space. This close working relationship with customers has enabled Oracle to stay at the forefront of database security technology. As you can see we’ve delivered a great deal of technology over the years. Just recently we completed our 18th independent evaluation of the Oracle database. This was completed under the Common Criteria at EAL4.
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Security

• Encryption– In 12.2, encryption of a tablespace can be

deployed with zero downtime.– You can encrypt, decrypt, and rekey a

tablespace using Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) in live conversion.

– You cannot encrypt, decrypt or rekey a temporary tablespace online.

• Future Tablespaces to be Encrypted– For Oracle Cloud– ALTER SYSTEM SET

ENCRYPT_NEW_TABLESPACES = CLOUD_ONLY;

– AES128

• Separation of Duty for Administering RAC Clusters– The intent of SYSRAC, is to provide only the minimal

set of privileges for the RAC admin to perform daily tasks.

– The SYSRAC privilege is for RAC, whereas the SYSDG privilege is for Data Guard.

– The SYSRAC privilege reduces the reliance on SYSDBA on production RAC systems.

– SYSRAC privilege is the default mode for connecting to the database by clusterware agent; e.g, when executing RAC utilities such as SRVCTL.

Presenter
Presentation Notes
This feature enables you to encrypt both offline and online tablespaces. To encrypt a database, you encrypt the Oracle-supplied tablespaces, such as SYSTEM and SYSAUX. Offline tablespace conversion can be used for tablespaces in Oracle Database 11g Release 1 (11.1) and Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1). You can perform encryption conversion operations in parallel and perform the encryption in an Oracle Data Guard environment. You can configure all future tablespaces to be automatically encrypted, which is beneficial for an Oracle Cloud environment. Starting with this release, the redacted value can be NULL. You can use this feature to hide data, set the function_type parameter to DBMS_REDACT.NULLIFY to ensure that the redacted value to always be NULL.
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SecurityZero Downtime Encryption and Decryption

• TDE encryption now available for all tablespaces; including SYSTEM, SYSAUX, and UNDO

• Extend encryption and hashing algorithms to include ARIA, GOST, and SEED Encryption Algorithms for International Standards.

• Perform offline conversion of a tablespace, without additional storage overhead.

• To encrypt an existing tablespace online, you must login to the database with the SYSKM role. To encrypt the SYSTEM or SYSAUX tablespace, you must login with the SYSDBA role.– SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE sysaux ENCRYPTION ONLINE USING 'AES256' ENCRYPT;

• Decrypt a tablespace online without any downtime– SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE sysaux ENCRYPTION ONLINE DECRYPT;

Starting in 18c: You can encrypt sensitive credential data stored in data dictionary -SYS.LINK$ & SYS.SCHEDULER$_CREDENTIAL system tables; Previously obfuscated.

Presenter
Presentation Notes
you can encrypt existing tablespaces, both online and offline tablespaces and fully encrypt databases. Encrypt offline tablespaces going back to 11.1 and 12.1. Configure all future tablespaces to be automatically encrypted, ARIA uses the same block sizes as AES. It is designed for lightweight environments and the implementation of hardware. ARIA meets the standards used in Korea. GOST is very similar to DES except that it has a large number of rounds and secret S-boxes. GOST meets the standards used in Russia. SEED is used by several standard protocols: S/MIME, TLS/SSL, IPSec, and ISO/IEC. SEED meets the standards used in Korea. Starting with this release, you can use the INACTIVE_ACCOUNT_TIME parameter to automatically lock the account of a database user who has not logged in to the database instance in a specified number of days. �
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SQL*PlusHistory

• set hist on

• SQL> set hist 1000• SQL> show hist

history is ON and set to "1000"

SQL> help hist HIST[ORY] [N {RUN | EDIT | DEL[ETE]}] | [CLEAR]

SQL> show hist

SQL> hist 2 runSQL> hist 3 del

SQL> hist clear

spool JSON + CSV

• set feedback onlyReturn # of rows only without displaying output of the query

login.sql behavioral changesDOC ID: 2241021.1

Presenter
Presentation Notes
The default length of the history list is 100. It means it stores 100 entries, and then first entry will be deleted to make space for the 101st one. You can write a number instead of “on” keyword, so the number will be the size of the history. For example, “set hist 10” command will enable history which will keep only last 10 entries. You can run “show hist” to be sure that the history is enabled: In 12.2 login.sql behavioral changes Only looks at ORACLE_PATH in Unix and SQLPATH in Windows Prior release looked at current directory DOC ID: 2241021.1
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DBMS_TNS

• Perform a TNSPING from the Database– Resolves a TNS name and return the corresponding Oracle connection string– Works for TNS Alias and EZ*Connect

SQL> select dbms_tns.resolve_tnsname(‘&TNS_ALIAS') from dual;

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HUGE Improvements – 12cR2

• In 12c, object names for users, roles, tables, columns, indexes, constraints, etc. have been increased from 30 bytes to 128 bytes with a few limitations.

• The limit for tablespace names and pluggable databases is still 30 bytes, but others all increase to 128 bytes.

• You will notice this change in the dictionary views where the VARCHAR2 columns will shows as 128 bytes instead of 30 bytes.

• It also helps in migrations from non-Oracle systems where the name is longer than 30 characters.

• The best enhancement in 12c R2 is 32K VARCHAR is default. This allows the extending of the VARCHAR data types without having to enable the extended mode specifically (early 12c). The size limit for both VARCHAR2 and NVARCHAR2 is 32K.

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Oracle Database 18cVARCHAR2(4000) to VARCHAR2(32000)

--Connect to the CDB AS SYSDBA.ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER=CDB$ROOT;--change the setting of MAX_STRING_SIZE to EXTENDED:ALTER SYSTEM SET max_string_size=extended SCOPE=SPFILE;--Shut down the CDB.SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE--Restart the CDB in UPGRADE mode.startup upgrade;--Use the catcon.pl script to run the rdbms/admin/utl32k.sql script in the root and in all the PDBs in the CDBcd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/adminmkdir /scratch/mydir/utl32k_cdb_pdbs_output--run upgrade (must have sys pwd)$ORACLE_HOME/perl/bin/perl $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catcon.pl -u SYS --force_pdb_mode 'UPGRADE' -d $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin -l '/tmp/utl32k_cdb_pdbs_output' -b utl32k_cdb_pdbs_output utl32k.sql--Resonse was: catcon.pl: completed successfully

--Log back in as sysdba to CDBshutdown immediate;startup; exit;mkdir /tmp/utlrp_cdb_pdbs_outputcd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin--recompile objects (must have sys pwd)$ORACLE_HOME/perl/bin/perl $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catcon.pl -u SYS --force_pdb_mode 'READ WRITE' -d $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin -l '/tmp/utlrp_cdb_pdbs_output' -b utlrp_cdb_pdbs_output utlrp.sql

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Long Name Identifiers

• Table Name to 128 bytes• Column Name to 128 bytes

SQL> create table ECOUG_oracle_users_are_super_cool_in_RALEIGH_NC_in_2018_tab (oracle_database_12c_release_2_is_available_for_general_availability_column_1 integer);

Table created.

Long Table Name

Long Column Name

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Remember that this bytes NOT characters f multi-byte character set, this will be different. Migrating from SQL Server to Oracle Setting up GG between Oracle and SQL Server
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Partitioning

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Partitioning OverviewAdditional Features

• Convert Non-Partitioned Table to a Partitioned Table

• Read-Only Partitions

• Multi-Column List Partition

• Split Partition with Online Maintenance

• Create a Partitioned External Table– Support to map partitioned Hive tables into the Oracle Database ecosystem as well as providing declarative

partitioning on top of any Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) based data store.– External Tables Can Access Data Stored in Hadoop Data Sources Including HDFS and Hive

Presenter
Presentation Notes
External tables can access data stored on Hadoop. The most important data sources are the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) and Apache Hive. External tables are used by both SQL*Loader and Oracle Data Pump, and thus also by the ORACLE_LOADER and ORACLE_DATAPUMP access drivers. Additional: ORACLE_HDFS, and ORACLE_HIVE. About Partitioning External Tables Partitioning data in external tables is similar to partitioning tables stored in the database, but there are some differences. The files for the partitioned external table can be stored on a file system, in Apache Hive storage, or in a Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). Before attempting to partition external tables, you should understand the concepts related to partitioning in Oracle Database VLDB and Partitioning Guide. The main reason to partition external tables is to take advantage of the same performance improvements provided by partitioning tables stored in the database. Specifically, partition pruning and partition-wise joins can improve query performance. Partition pruning means that queries can focus on a subset of the data in an external table instead of all of the data because the query can apply to only one partition. Partition-wise joins can be applied when two tables are being joined and both tables are partitioned on the join key, or when a reference partitioned table is joined with its parent table. Partition-wise joins break a large join into smaller joins that occur between each of the partitions, completing the overall join in less time.
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Big Data Innovations

• External tables can be partitioned– using any partitioning technique

• Partition pruning– For faster query performance

• Basic partition maintenance– Add, drop, exchange

Partitioned External Tables

SQL

Thanks Oracle: Graphics

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Big Data Innovations

External tables can be partitioned▪using any partitioning technique

Partition pruning▪For faster query performance

Basic partition maintenance▪Add, drop, exchange

Partitioned External Tables

SQL

Thanks Oracle: Graphics

In 18c: Inline and In-Memory External Tables18c

Oracle Database

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PartitioningConvert Non-Partitioned Table To A Partitioned Table Example

• ALTER TABLE mytable MODIFYPARTITION BY RANGE (tab_id) INTERVAL (25) ( PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (100), PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (1000))ONLINEUPDATE INDEXES( IDX1_tab_id LOCAL (PARTITION ip1 VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE)));

• With ONLINE option, zero downtime conversion to Partitioning Strategy

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Starting with Oracle Database 12.2, you can now convert a non-partitioned table to a partitioned table online. To make this change, use the ALTER TABLE with MODIFY clause and ONLINE keyword to enable parallel/concurrent DML for the conversion. Indexes are also maintained and can be converted to partitions as part of the process. During the conversation process, all DML transactions continue as normal. For VLDB database customers who want to adopt a partitioning strategy, they can convert to partitioned tables without any downtime.
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PartitioningRead-Only Partitions Example

• CREATE TABLE mytable (tab_id NUMBER(10) NOT NULL, tab_desc VARCHAR2(20)) READ WRITE PARTITION BY RANGE (tab_id) ( PARTITION mytable_p1 VALUES LESS THAN (100),PARTITION mytable_p2 VALUES LESS THAN (1000) READ ONLY) );

• Old Method: Make tablespace read-only

• Implications: Simplified Backups, Tiering of Data

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Now, we can set partitions and sub-partitions to read-only for historical protection of unintentional DML. You can leverage the CREATE TABLE and ALTER TABLE with the read-only clause. By making the partition/subpartition read-only, all DML operations will be disabled.
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PartitioningMulti-Column List Partitions Example

• CREATE TABLE mytable (tab_id NUMBER(10) NOT NULL, tab_desc VARCHAR2(20), tab_code VARCHAR2(2), tab_channel NUMBER(2)) PARTITION BY LIST (tab_code, tab_channel)( PARTITION mytable_p1 VALUES ( (‘AB’,10), (‘AC’,20) ), PARTITION mytable_p2 VALUES (DEFAULT) );

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Oracle’s enhanced list partitioning functionality allows multiple key columns. Allowing partition criteria for list partitioned tables to be multiple columns, extends your application functionality. You can only have one DEFAULT partition for a multi-column list-partitioned table. For regular tables, you can use the ALTER TABLE and ALTER INDEX with the SPLIT PARTITION clause to redistribute the contents of a partition online, into two new partitions. This function can be used, when a partition becomes very large and could cause performance such as RMAN backups or maintenance operations. You can exercise this option for hash partitions or subpartitions.
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PartitioningSplit Partitions in 12.2

ALTER TABLE mytable

SPLIT PARTITION p1 at (100)

INTO (PARTITION p1_1, PARTITION p1_2) ONLINE;

(Can Split Sub-Partitions too – both in 12cR2)

In 18c: Alter Table Merge Partition Online & Alter Table Merge Subpartition Online

18cOracle

Database

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Oracle’s enhanced list partitioning functionality allows multiple key columns. Allowing partition criteria for list partitioned tables to be multiple columns, extends your application functionality. You can only have one DEFAULT partition for a multi-column list-partitioned table. For regular tables, you can use the ALTER TABLE and ALTER INDEX with the SPLIT PARTITION clause to redistribute the contents of a partition online, into two new partitions. This function can be used, when a partition becomes very large and could cause performance such as RMAN backups or maintenance operations. You can exercise this option for hash partitions or subpartitions.
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PartitioningMerge Partitions Example in 18c

Merge Range Partitions:ALTER TABLE four_seasons

MERGE PARTITIONS quarter_one, quarter_two

INTO PARTITION quarter_two UPDATE INDEXES ONLINE;

Merge List Partitions:ALTER TABLE q1_sales_by_region

MERGE PARTITIONS q1_northcentral, q1_southcentral

INTO PARTITION q1_central STORAGE(MAXEXTENTS 20) ONLINE;

June 13, 2018 256

• With UPDATE INDEXES clause, the indexes remain usable during the move operation

18cOracle

Database

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PartitioningMisc New Features

• Automatic List Partitioning – The automatic list partitioning method enables list

partition creation on demand.

• Deferred Segment Creation for Automatic List Partitions and Interval Subpartitions – Saving disk space when partition and subpartition

creation is in the presence of data.

• Creating a Table for Exchange with a Partitioned Table – Tables can be created with FOR EXCHANGE WITH clause,

to exactly match the definition of the partitioned table for partition exchange command.

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Filtered Partition Maintenance Operations Partition maintenance operations can support data filtering using INCLUDING ROWS WHERE clause.
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Online Table MoveZero DownTime

• ALTER TABLE ... MOVE ... ONLINE

• ALTER TABLE ... MOVE PARTITION ... ONLINE

• ALTER TABLE ... MOVE SUBPARTITION ... ONLINE

• ALTER TABLE consultant_details MOVE ONLINECOMPRESS TABLESPACE data_ts1UPDATE INDEXES (idx1 TABLESPACE index_ts1,

idx2 TABLESPACE index_ts2);

• Table move operation now also supports automatic index maintenance as part of the move.

• With UPDATE INDEXES clause, the indexes remain usable during the move operation

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Nonpartitioned tables can be moved as an online operation without blocking any concurrent DML operations. A table move operation now also supports automatic index maintenance as part of the move. Data maintenance on nonpartitioned tables does not require any maintenance window since it does not impact any DML or query operation. Moving a table changes the rowids of the rows in the table. If you move a table and include the ONLINE keyword and the UPDATE INDEXES clause, then the indexes remain usable during the move operation. If you include the UPDATE INDEXES clause but not the ONLINE keyword, then the indexes are usable immediately after the move operation. The UPDATE INDEXES clause can only change the storage properties for the global indexes on the table or storage properties for the index partitions of any global partitioned index on the table. If you do not include the UPDATE INDEXES clause, then the changes to the rowids cause the indexes on the table to be marked UNUSABLE, and DML accessing the table using these indexes receive an ORA-01502 error. In this case, the indexes on the table must be dropped or rebuilt. A move operation causes any statistics for the table to become invalid, and new statistics should be collected after moving the table.
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Data GuardMaximum Availability Architcture

“Disaster strikes without warning.> Data loss strikes without warning.”

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Evolution of Data Guard

261

Oracle Version Big Feature AddedOracle 7.3 Hot Standby

Oracle 8i Read-Only Physical StandbyManaged Recovery

Oracle 9i Logical Standby, Switchover/FailoverAutomatic Gap ResolutionCascaded Redo

Oracle 10g Real-time applyStandby Redo Logs FSFOFlashback Database on DG

Oracle 11g Active Data GuardRedo CompressionSnapshot StandbyRolling Transient UpgradesRMAN Duplicate from Active Database

Oracle 12.1.0.1 Far SyncFast Sync (LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n attributes SYNC and NOAFFIRM)Data Guard Broker Switchover EnhancementsSYSDG RoleOnline Standby Database File RenameSignificantly Improved Rolling Upgrades (DBMS_ROLLING)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
I do a Data Guard Presentation called BulletProof Your Data Guard Configuration …. Download the presentation from IOUG
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More DG 12.1 New Features Overview

• Resumeable Switchover

• Can do DML operations on Temporary tables on ADG instances

• Can use sequences on ADG• Cache • NoOrder

• Can do Incremental Updates over TNS from the standby database

• Do not need using current logfile for real-time apply• DEFAULT: alter database recover

managed standby database using current logfile disconnect;

• Can move location of an online data file … moves on the primary database do not affect the standby

26

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Fast Sync: Data Guard maximum availability supports the use of the NOAFFIRM redo transport attribute. A standby database returns receipt acknowledgment to its primary database as soon as redo is received in memory. The standby database does not wait for the Remote File Server (RFS) to write to a standby redo log file. Broker: redo route rule contains a redo source field and a redo destination field separated by a colon
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Data Guarddbca

• Create standby databases with DBCA– Must use command line dbca interface– Can only create from Non Multi-tenant primary

database– Cannot do RAC– dbca -createDuplicateDB

-gdbName global_database_name -primaryDBConnectionString

easy_connect_string_to_primary-sid database_system_identifier[-createAsStandby

[-dbUniqueName db_unique_name_for_standby]]

[-customScripts scripts_list]

• -createAsStandby followed by dbUniqueName For Standby

• [-customScripts scripts_list]

• List of scripts to be executed• Oracle will execute the scripts in the

order they are listed

– No Need for TNSNAMES.ORA entry– Can use easy connect string– "host[:port][/service_name][:server][/instance_name]"

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Data Guarddbca

$ dbca -silent -createDuplicateDB \-gdbName viscorcl \-primaryDBConnectionString rac01:1521/viscorcl \-sid viscorcl -createAsStandby \-dbUniqueName sviscorcEnter SYS user password: Listener config step 33% complete Auxiliary instance creation 66% complete RMAN duplicate 100% complete Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/sviscorc/viscorc.log" for further details.

Presenter
Presentation Notes
What does it do behind the scene: Copy spfile RMAN duplicate for standby database
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Data GuardNoLogging & MIRA

NoLogging on Primary• Nologging blocks are recorded in the control

file on the physical standby database• On the StandbyRMAN RECOVER DATABASE NONLOGGED BLOCK

• After switchover, the old primary database must be in a mounted state

Multiple Instance Redo Apply (MIRA)• Can run Redo Apply in some or all of the

standby instances• Redo Apply scales as wide as standby RAC

configuration• ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED

STANDBY DATABASE command now accepts a new INSTANCES [ ALL | integer] clause

• All the instances must be in the same mounted or open mode

• cannot specify which RAC instance(s) will perform the redo apply

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Starting redo apply on multiple instances has the following restrictions: In-Memory column store is not supported Block Change tracking (BCT) is not supported.
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Standby NologgingStandby Nologging tells the database not to log operations that qualify to be done without logging.Standby Nologging tells the database to send the data blocks created by the Nologging operation to each qualifying standby database in Data Guard configurationThis typically results in those standbys NOT having invalid blocks.You can set standby no logging for load performance or data availability in the following statements:▪ ALTER DATABASE▪ ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE▪ CREATE DATABASE▪ CREATE CONTROLFILE

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Standby NologgingDatabase nologging extended for better use with Oracle Active Data Guard environment

(without significantly increasing the amount of redo generated). There are two new nologging modes:

Standby Nologging for Load Performance – Standbys receive non-logged data changes(minimum impact on loading speed at). Non-logged blocks automatically resolved by managed standby recovery. Standby Nologging for Data Availability - Standbys have data when primary load commits

(at the cost of throttling the speed of loading data at the primary), which means the standbys never have any non-logged blocks to worry about. Nologging can be used when loading data into your production databases without

compromising the integrity of Data Guard standby databases, pick your level of synchronization between primary & standby databases.

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Database

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@ViscosityNAviscosityna.com

Automatic Correction of Non-logged Blocks at a Data Guard Standby Database

2 Modes

• Standby Nologging for Data Availability - commit of a loading operation is delayed until all standby have applied data

SQL> ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY NOLOGGING FOR DATA AVAILABILITY;

• Standby Nologging for Load Performance

SQL> ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY NOLOGGING FOR LOAD PERFORMANCE;

268

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Data GuardIn-Memory with Active Data Guard

In-Memory with Active Data Guard• IM option can be configured on the primary database, on

an ADG standby database, or on both the primary and the ADG standby databases

• The INMEMORY_ADG_ENABLED parameter needs to be enabled – By default, the INMEMORY_ADG_ENABLED parameter is

set to true. • For RAC configuration, this parameter must be set to the

same value across all the RAC instances

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Data GuardBroker Support for Redo Transport of Different Endianness to ZDLRA

ZDLRA

• Can manage a remote redo destination that has a different endianess than the primary database

• Consider cross platform migrations with the ZDLRA and the ability to synchronize databases of heterogeneous configurations with different endianness

• Significantly improve the flexibility of migrating databases from one platform to another with the ZDLRA.

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Data GuardSubset Standbys

• In 12.1, ENABLED_PDBS_ON_STANDBY initialization parameter only supported two values: all PDBs or none

• The ENABLED_PDBS_ON_STANDBY parameter is only applicable on the physical standby database – can accept a list of PDB names or a glob pattern such as “VNAPDB?” or “VNAPDB*a”,

“VNAPDB2”– Glob pattern rules are similar to regular expression rules in common UNIX shells – asterisk (*) and question mark (?) wildcard characters are supported.

• The question mark (?) represents a single unknown character; – the asterisk (*) represents matches to any number of unknown characters. – This parameter also accepts a minus sign (-) which can be used as the first character in a

PDB name to designate that the PDB should be excluded on the standby database

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Starting redo apply on multiple instances has the following restrictions: In-Memory column store is not supported Block Change tracking (BCT) is not supported. CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE … STANDBYS= statement, a new option is introduced in Oracle 12.2. We have an EXCEPT clause to designate which CDB we do not want this PDB to be excluded from
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PDB Switchover Clause

• Reverses the roles between a refreshable clone PDB and a primary PDB. • The former Refreshable clone PDB becomes the primary PDB, which can

now be opened in read write mode. • The formerly primary PDB now is the refreshable clone and can only be

opened in READ ONLY mode.• This command must be executed from the primary PDB.• The dblink must point to the root CDB where the refreshable clone PDB

resides.

alter pluggable database refresh mode auto every 2 minutes from new_pdb@dblink switchover;

June 11, 2018 272

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Database

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Multitenant

• Container managed database virtualization

• Manage Many as one (Great!)• Patching, Backup, Security, Online

Cloning, Online Relocation273

Oracle 12c Oracle Database 18c

• Per-PDB Switchover• Transportable Backups• Snapshot Carousel• Faster Upgrades

18cOracle

Database

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Snapshot Carousel Extends recovery capability beyond flashback retention period Storage-efficient snapshot clones taken on periodic basis (perhaps every 12:01am) (Maximum of 8 snapshots) Archive log files retained Example: On Friday morning I want to recover to point in time of Wednesday at 11:17am. We restore snapshot for Wednesday’s snapshot. We recover from that point using appropriate archive logs until SCN for 11:17am. PDB User-Managed Standbys Technically capability is based on refreshable PDB. Remember, refreshable PDB works by: Take hot clone of source PDB. ”Top up” clone PDB with incremental redo from source (either manually or on fixed schedule). At high level this is comparable to having a per-PDB data guard standby. What this new capability adds is the ability to open the refreshable clone read-write as “new primary”, Comparable in that sense to a failover/switchover at the PDB level. Transportable Backups PDB backups were not transportable before 12.2.0.2 Non-portable backups limit practicality of PDB relocation (Backups orphaned after relocation of a PDB). Problem today: Let’s say you do weekly full backups on Sunday and nightly incrementals. Unplug/plug My_PDB from CDB1 to CDB2 on Wednesday. On Friday, I can recover to Tuesday afternoon – restore full backup, apply incrementals until Tuesday But, on Friday I can’t recover simply to Thursday afternoon because incrementals are divided between CDBs. Mitigation: After unplug/plug take a full backup. With transportable backups I can restore to Thursday afternoon without having to take the full backup post-unplug/plug. This makes moving a PDB a less cumbersome procedure (by eliminating the need for full backup each time). Faster Upgrades Two parts to this: Use capture/replay mechanism to restrict upgrade procedure only to effective steps Automatically upgrade PDBs following plugin if necessary. 1. Current upgrade procedure is a single script which can cover upgrades from several prior versions. Execution of upgrade from a recent version involves skipping steps applicable only to upgrades from older versions. To achieve this, Individual steps are written to be resilient. (For example “create or replace…”) However, cumulative cost of multiple no-ops can be significant. New framework includes repository in which upgrade steps may be captured and replayed. In this repository we store only the effective steps for all supported paths (full set of options). (This is part of the database development procedure – not something a customer has to worry about.) For customer upgrades we identify the source version number. We now apply from the repository an upgrade procedure which includes only the effective steps for that upgrade path. (Example: Upgrade from 12.1.0.2 to 12.2.0.1 reduced by ~50% - from about 45 minutes per PDB.) Identical mechanism used for patches (which are comparable in effect to upgrades but much smaller in scope). 2. Automatic upgrade following plugin. Today if you move My_PDB from 12.1.0.2.PSU2 to 12.1.0.2.PSU4 you can only open in restricted mode. Datapatch must be run to patch My_PDB before it can be opened read/write. In new infrastructure, we’ll include the “upgrade path” for the patch in CDB$Root as part of the patch script. At first PDB open after plugin in this example, the “upgrade steps” (from datapatch in this case) are run This brings to reality the upgrade/patch via unplug/plug concept articulated since 12.1.0.1. (Note: This only works for upgrades. Downgrades are far less common and are still supported by the “old” mechanism.)
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PDB

• Hot Clones– Oracle 12.2 Multitenant option, fully integrates the

concept of “hot clones” with the ability to perform on-line cloning of PDBs.

• With hot clones, the source database is still open for read-write mode.

• All PDB clones in Oracle 12.2 are hot clones and will be referred to as clones.

• Read-Only Refreshable PDBs– On Oracle 12.2, PDBs can be cloned while the

source PDB is online. – With Refreshable PDBs, we can have the PDB refresh

data from the source PDB with delta changes, since the last refresh automatically (define in nnn Minutes) or on demand.

Poor Man’s ADG?

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Read-Only Refreshable PDBs Cont. There are several restrictions for the refresh to work: The Refreshable PDB must never be opened in read-write mode. Bringing the Refreshable PDB to read-write mode, will cause Oracle to not be able to apply UNDO information from the source. During the refresh process, the Refreshable copy must be shutdown.
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PDB Hot Clone

• PDB Hot Clone– Online test master instantiation

CRM

Oracle Cloud

Pricing Retail

On-Premises

275

Hot Clone

Snap Clone

Snap Clone

CRM CRM Dev1CRM Dev2

Developers

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Simple operation for -> Refresh Clone with
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PDB Refresh

• PDB Hot Clone– Online test master instantiation

• PDB Refresh– Incremental refresh of clone with latest

data

CRM

Oracle Cloud

Pricing Retail

On-Premises

276

CRM

Snap Clone

Snap Clone

CRM Dev1CRM Dev2

Developers

TIME

Changes made to database

Cloned version no longer in sync

Only changes copied and applied

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Simple operation for -> Refresh Clone with
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PDB Relocate• PDB Relocate

– Oracle offers a new RELOCATE clause to the CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE, to “relocate” a PDB from one container database (CDB) to another container database.

– The PDB can be relocated to another CDB on the same server, within the same data center or across data centers.

– While the relocation process is occurring, database connections still persist on the original PDB. When the statement completes, there will be two transactionally consistent PDBs running.

• When the PDB is ready, the relocated PDB will be brought online on the new target CDB.

Presenter
Presentation Notes
PDB Relocate Cont. During the relocation process to the new CDB, DML and DDL get quiesced and redirected to the relocated PDB. In a nutshell, connections are slowly drained from the original PDB to the new relocated PDB.
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• PDB Hot Clone – Online test master instantiation

• PDB Refresh– Incremental refresh of clone with latest data

• PDB Relocate– Relocate with no downtime

278

PDB Relocate

104

CRM

HR

Oracle Cloud

Pricing Retail

On-Premises

CRM

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Proxy PDBCREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE proxy_pdb1 AS PROXY FROM other_pdb_from_another_cdb@proxy_link;

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE proxy_pdb1 OPEN;

Notes:– Essentially an EMPTY PDB with SYSTEM, SYSAUX, TEMP and UNDO

tablespaces copied to the local instance – Need to consider network performance considerations– DB link is used for the initial creation of the proxy PDB– Has full DDL support (unlike DB Links)– All DML and DDL occur on the remote DB

• ALTER DATABASE and ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE commands refer to the proxy DB only and not the referenced PDB

– CONTAINERS clause executes on the remote DB

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Got to rename this feature while participating in the 12.2 BETA Program Was going to be called Transparent Location
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PDB Use Cases

• Proxy– Move Databases from on-premise to the

Cloud and missed a batch job• Security company asked us to keep

SharePlex/GG on the source database just in case they missed something for end of the month and end of the quarter

– Monitor Production Databases from a single database environment

• Leverage Containers in clause to monitor all databases with a single SQL statement

Presenter
Presentation Notes
It was going to be called the transparent location PDB
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Refresh-able PDB

READ-ONLY PDB• Does not replace Active Data Guard but it

can be a poor man’s solution– Can tolerate 15-30 minute delay in data

Never Refresh DEV Again• Golden image production is refreshed on set

interval– Snapshot / clone from the refreshed PDB– Provision full size copy of PDB from refreshed PDB– Create multiple environments with just few

commands

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Poor man’s active data guard
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@ViscosityNA Oracle Confidential – Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted

PDB Restore Points

– What is a PDB Restore Point• A user-defined name associated with an SCN corresponding to the time the

restore point was created unique to the PDB

– Normal Restore Point• A label for an SCN or point in time• Stored in the control file• Ages out

– Guaranteed Restore Point• A restore point for which the database is guaranteed to retain the flashback

logs for a flashback operation.• Stored in the controlfile• Must be explicitly dropped

– Clean Restore Point• A PDB restore point that is created when the PDB is closed and when there are

no outstanding transactions for that PDB• Only applies to CDBs that use shared undo

282

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• Flashback PDB• Per-PDB character set• 4k PDBs per CDB

(4,096 - increased from 252)• AWR data at PDB level• Memory & I/O resource prioritization in

addition to CPU• Configurable isolation via

Lockdown Profiles• PDB-level failover capability with

Data Guard Broker

Isolation with Economies of Scale

RetailPricing

Multitenant Container

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Our overriding theme here is to deliver isolation along with economies of scale. 4k PDBs 252 PDBs per CDB was a good start, but we’ve increased this to 4k PDBs. This sort of scale is realistic for typical SaaS deployments and is based on our own experience with implementations of Multitenant with some of Oracle’s own SaaS applications, running in the Oracle Cloud, such as Oracle Taleo Business Edition. The more workloads you consolidate, the greater the potential economies of scale. However, there’s a correspondingly greater risk of being impacted by “noisy neighbors”. These enhancements are consistent with this goal of isolation with economies of scale; We have a multi-faceted strategy to minimize these risks. Two important components of this are resource manager and lockdown profiles. Resource Management In 12.1, we can define resource manager policies to control CPU, IO (but only in Exadata and SuperCluster), sessions and PX servers. In 12.2 we’re significantly enhancing this capability. With 12.2 we add memory management and IO management on non-Engineered systems. Lockdown Profiles These are another part of this strategy. A flexible architecture such as Oracle Multitenant demands configurable isolation levels. Certain situations, such as a team of developers working in their own PDBs but on a single project will have different isolation requirements from a SaaS deployment in which different (potentially competing) customers are supported in separate PDBs, albeit with a central DBA function. In the general case, Database as a Service (DBaaS) may require independent, autonomous DBAs. Lockdown profiles are a simple-yet-powerful feature that supports these flexibly configurable isolation levels. Define a few different lockdown profiles centrally – for example with different ones for SaaS and DBaaS. These can then be assigned to new PDBs as they are provisioned and as the use case demands. In the next few slides I’ll expand on some of these capabilities.
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PDBCPU Count, Max PDBs, Localized AWR, PDBAs & Character Set

• PDB CPU Count– With Oracle 12.2, we can set the CPU_COUNT

initialization parameters at the PDB level. – In Oracle 12.1, CPU limits were imposed on the PDB

as part of the CDB Resource Plan definition.

• 4096 PDBs per CDB– When PDBs were first introduced in Oracle 12.1, the

number of PDBs per CDB was 252– Now it has increased 4,096.

• Localized AWR– Having the AWR at the PDB level,

allows for a granular level of tuning and diagnostics.

• PDBAs– Oracle now introduces the concept

of the Pluggable DBAs (PDBAs), so that each PDB can be potentially maintained by a PDB Administrator.

• PDBS with Different Character Sets– In Oracle 12.2, CDBs can have PDBs

with different character sets, as long as the root container’s character set is the superset of all of the PDB character sets.

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Talk about Over Provisioning like we do at VMware * Just like Vmware, for production environments, we do not want to over-provision
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PDB I/O Rate Limits

• 2 new PDB parameters– MAX_IOPS: maximum I/O requests per second – MAX_MBPS: maximum MegaBytes per second of I/O– Parameters can be dynamically altered

• Parameters can only be set at the PDB level on non-Exadata systems– Setting at the root level results in an error– Setting on Exadata results in an error

Feature

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Dealing with Shared Access

• Network • Administrative

• Common user or object

• System • FilePDB OS CREDENTIAL

PATH PREFIX & CREATE_FILE_DEST

PDB LOCKDOWN PROFILES

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Taking each of these in turn, we have a variety of strategies to maximize isolation. [Click] OS Access can be limited by use of a per-PDB OS Credential. When defined for a PDB, access to the OS from that PDB will be as this less powerful user, rather than as the higher-privilege Oracle user. This applies for example for operations such as backup. [Click] File system access is another potential vulnerability. We wouldn’t want the creation of new datafiles for PDB1 to overwrite the existing datafiles for PDB2. Create File Destination and Path Prefix allow us to define specific mount points in the storage to ensure that individual PDBs are isolated within their own sub-branches. [Click] The remaining items – network, administration and common users and objects – are handled by lockdown profiles. Let’s delve into some of this functionality in a little more depth.
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• Declarative way to restrict a PDB’s access to:– Network– Administrative features– Common users and objects

• Scope of restrictions is PDB-wide

Configurable Isolation

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A lockdown profile is a declarative way of preventing a PDB from accessing Network Administrative features Common users and objects. We provide as standard with 12.2 the following lockdown profiles, in increasing order of restriction: Private DBaaS – such as might be used by individual developers working together on a common project SaaS – in which potentially competing customers are hosted in individual PDBs, but where administration is delegated centrally Public DBaaS – in which potentially powerful autonomous PDBAs are enabled. The features that use shared identifies and that benefit from PDB lockdown profiles are in the following categories: Network access features. These are operations that use the network to communicate outside the PDB. For example, the PL/SQL packages UTL_TCP, UTL_HTTP, UTL_MAIL, UTL_SNMP, UTL_INADDR, and DBMS_DEBUG_JDWP perform these kinds of operations. Currently, ACLs are used to control this kind of access to share network identity. Common user or object access. These are operations in which a local user in the PDB can proxy through common user accounts or access objects in a common schema. These kinds of operations include adding or replacing objects in a common schema, granting privileges to common objects, accessing common directory objects, granting the INHERIT PRIVILEGES role to a common user, and manipulating a user proxy to a common user. Operating System access. For example, you can restrict access to the UTL_FILE or DBMS_FILE_TRANSFER PL/SQL packages. Connections. For example, you can restrict common users from connecting to the PDB or you can restrict a local user who has the SYSOPER administrative privilege from connecting to a PDB that is open in restricted mode.
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Lockdown Profiles: Apply Limits to PrivilegesPDB_LOCKDOWN initialization parameter to enable the a PDB lockdown profile

• Lockdown profiles are complementary to grants

• Grants alone are “all or nothing”

• Lockdown profiles add granular control of the capabilities enabled by the grant

grant alter system to pdb_user;

alter lockdown profile p1 disable statement=(‘ALTER SYSTEM’) clause=(‘SET’) option= ALL EXCEPT(‘plsql_code_type’,’plsql_debug’,’plsql_warnings’);

• Scope of ‘alter system’– cursor_sharing– ddl_lock_timeout– optimizer_mode– parallel_degree_limit– plsql_code_type– plsql_debug– plsql_warnings– resource_manager_plan– skip_unused_indexes– …

• Scope of ‘alter system’– cursor_sharing– ddl_lock_timeout– optimizer_mode– parallel_degree_limit– plsql_code_type– plsql_debug– plsql_warnings– resource_manager_plan– skip_unused_indexes– …

Presenter
Presentation Notes
A typical use of lockdown profiles would be to limit the administrative functionality enabled by the grant of a privilege. Grants alone are “all or nothing”. If you’re granted a privilege, you can do everything that comes along with that privilege. [Click] For example, if you grant an autonomous PDBA alter system, because you wanted him/her to be able to specify parameters to support PL/SQL development, you’ve also granted the ability to change cursor sharing, optimizer mode and resource manager plans, whether you wanted to or not. [Click] Lockdown profiles are complementary to grants. With lockdown profiles you have the ability to take away capabilities that would otherwise come bundled with a privilege.
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• Limit Init.ORA Parameters

• Set any Min/Max values on Init Parameter

• ALTER LOCKDOWN PROFILE Lock_init_PROFILE DISABLE STATEMENT = ('ALTER SYSTEM') CLAUSE = ('SET') OPTION = (’CPU_COUNT') MINVALUE = ’4' MAXVALUE = ’16';

• Others to consider:– PARALLEL_MAX_SERVERS– PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET

• Forces Common to Login to the root CDB and change to PDB. Does not allow direct PDB connection

• ALTER LOCKDOWN PROFILE Lock_common_PROFILE DISABLE FEATURE = ('COMMON_USER_CONNECT');

• Disable anything to do with the Partitioning and/or DB Queueing Option

• ALTER LOCKDOWN PROFILE Lock_queue_PROFILE DISABLE OPTION = ('DATABASE QUEUING');

• ALTER LOCKDOWN PROFILE Lock_part_PROFILE DISABLE OPTION = ('PARTITIONING');

More Lockdown Examples

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• Run this on the Root CDB and disable all Network and OS Access

• Override at PDB level (if needed)

• ALTER LOCKDOWN PROFILE Lock_Default_profile DISABLE FEATURE = ('NETWORK_ACCESS', 'OS_ACCESS');

• Lockdown Internet

• ALTER LOCKDOWN PROFILE Lock_Internet_profile DISABLE FEATURE = ('UTL_HTTP', 'UTL_SMTP');

• Disable Alter Database and Alter Pluggable Database

• ALTER LOCKDOWN PROFILE Lock_Alter_profile DISABLE STATEMENT = ('ALTER DATABASE', 'ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE');

• ALTER LOCKDOWN PROFILE Lock_System_profile DISABLE STATEMENT = ('ALTER SYSTEM') CLAUSE = ('SET') OPTION= (’NLS_DATE_FORMAT');

Lock out OS Access and Network Access Set as Default PDB Lockdown

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Planning For Upgrading to 18c Helpful MOS Notes

To BottomOracle 18c - Complete checklist for Manual Upgrade for Multi-tenant Architecture Oracle

Databases from 12.1.x.x to 18.x.x.x (Doc ID 2422161.1)

Oracle DB 18c - Complete Checklist for Manual Upgrades to Non-CDB Oracle Database 18c (Doc

ID 2418045.1)

Oracle 18c - Complete Checklist for Upgrading to Oracle Database 18c (18.x) using DBUA (Doc ID

2418576.1)

• ORAchk - Health Checks for the Oracle Stack – MOS 1268927.2

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Oracle Database 18cSimplified Version Number Timelines With RUs and RURs

• 3 digit format– Year.Update.Revision

• Year is the last 2 digits of year a release is delivered– e.g. 18 will be used for the release date ships in late 2017 or early 2018

• Update tracks Release Update (RU)

• Revision tracks the associated RU Revision levels (0,1,2)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Notice that there is only 2 RUR per RU RUs are every quarrter
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Oracle Database 18cSample Version Number Timelines With RUs and RURs

Production April July October January April July18.1.0 18.2.0 18.3.0 18.4.0 18.5.0 & 19.1.0 18.6.0 & 19.2.0 19.3.0

18.2.1 18.3.1 18.4.1 18.5.1? 19.2.1

18.2.2 18.3.2 18.4.2 18.5.2 ?

In 3 years, you may run either:• 18.12• 19.5 • 20.1 with additional RU or RUR.

18cOracle

Database

18.1.0Production

18.2.0First

Release Update

18.2.1First

Release UpdateRevision

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In April, 18.2 will be released This may shift by a quarter as 18c went live in the cloud 2 months later than anticipated
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Oracle Database 19cSample Version Number Timelines With RUs and RURs

January April July October 201919.1.0 & 18.5.0 19.2.0 & 18.6.0 19.3.0 & 18.7.0 19.4.0 & 18.8.0

18.4.1 18.5.1 19.2.1 19.2.2

18.3.2 18.4.2 18.5.2

19cOracle

Database

Presenter
Presentation Notes
In April, 18.2 will be released This may shift by a quarter as 18c went live in the cloud 2 months later than anticipated
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Thanks for your undivided attention!

To receive the slides for this presentation, please contact Charles Kim at

[email protected]

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