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VPM 152 GENERAL PATHOLOGY Gross Pathology Lab 1 CELLULAR ADAPTATIONS AND POST MORTEM CHANGES Dr Enrique Aburto 421N Path / Micro 15 Jan 2016

VPM 152 GENERAL PATHOLOGY Gross Pathology Lab 1people.upei.ca/hanna/CELL PATH GROSS LABS/CellPath... · This pig has livor mortis - see the blue discoloration most visible along the

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Page 1: VPM 152 GENERAL PATHOLOGY Gross Pathology Lab 1people.upei.ca/hanna/CELL PATH GROSS LABS/CellPath... · This pig has livor mortis - see the blue discoloration most visible along the

VPM 152 GENERAL PATHOLOGY – Gross Pathology Lab 1

CELLULAR ADAPTATIONS AND POST MORTEM CHANGES

Dr Enrique Aburto 421N Path / Micro

15 Jan 2016

Page 2: VPM 152 GENERAL PATHOLOGY Gross Pathology Lab 1people.upei.ca/hanna/CELL PATH GROSS LABS/CellPath... · This pig has livor mortis - see the blue discoloration most visible along the

Serous

atrophy

• Gelatinous transformation of fat within the marrow. Due to cachexia

Serous atrophy of fat

Normal fat

Bone Marrow Atrophy

Atrophy

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Congenital portosystemic shunt Intrahepatic

Extrahepatic

Hepatic encephalopathy

Hepatic atrophy

Portosystemic shunt, liver dog.

Note the small size (atrophy) of the

liver (up under the rib cage)

Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease (2006), 4th ed., Mosby-Elsevier, chapter 8

Atrophy

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Pancreatic atrophy

• local or systemic diseases atrophy

• causes include:

protein-calorie deficiency (atrophy also in muscles, liver).

ductal obstruction → parenchymal inflammation / fibrosis,

not uniform along the organ; islets fare better.

http://w3.vet.cornell.edu

Segmental pancreatic atrophy,

adult dog. There is a portion of

normal pancreas (n) and a

contiguous area of atrophy

(arrows).

n

Atrophy

Page 5: VPM 152 GENERAL PATHOLOGY Gross Pathology Lab 1people.upei.ca/hanna/CELL PATH GROSS LABS/CellPath... · This pig has livor mortis - see the blue discoloration most visible along the

• incidentally in cattle

• composed of calcium carbonate / calcium phosphate.

• secondary to local inflammation.

Pancreatic lithiasis and atrophy

http://w3.vet.cornell.edu

Mild pancreatic fibrosis and

atrophy secondary to

pancreatic lithiasis (formation

of calculi), bull. The

pancreatic duct has been

opened to show multiple

calculi

Atrophy

Page 6: VPM 152 GENERAL PATHOLOGY Gross Pathology Lab 1people.upei.ca/hanna/CELL PATH GROSS LABS/CellPath... · This pig has livor mortis - see the blue discoloration most visible along the

HYPOSTATIC CONGESTION.

Note gravity pulls blood to

dependent portions of the

vascular bed resulting in

pooling of blood in the most

ventral areas.

Note this would not occur if

clotting was present or the

animal was exsanguinated

(bled out).

http://vet.uga.edu/ivcvm/courses/VPAT5200/02_injury/postmortem/postmortem.htm

Postmortem artifacts

Page 7: VPM 152 GENERAL PATHOLOGY Gross Pathology Lab 1people.upei.ca/hanna/CELL PATH GROSS LABS/CellPath... · This pig has livor mortis - see the blue discoloration most visible along the

This pig has livor mortis - see the blue

discoloration most visible along the

mammary glands.

The pig died while lying on its left side

(the side up in this visual).

The pig was also lying on a metal grate

and the pressure of the metal parts in

contact with the body prevented

gravitational filling with blood in those

areas of the cutaneous tissue.

This is another example of livor mortis -

note the white areas which were in

contact with a rigid surface that

prevented gravitational filling with blood.

Many of these areas are bony

prominences (elbow, shoulder, jaw).

http://vet.uga.edu/ivcvm/courses/VPAT5200/02_injury/postmortem/postmortem.htm

Postmortem artifacts

Page 8: VPM 152 GENERAL PATHOLOGY Gross Pathology Lab 1people.upei.ca/hanna/CELL PATH GROSS LABS/CellPath... · This pig has livor mortis - see the blue discoloration most visible along the

This cow has obvious distension

due to gas formation (or bloat) and

the rigidity of the legs indicates

RIGOR MORTIS is present.

http://vet.uga.edu/ivcvm/courses/VPAT5200/02_injury/postmortem/postmortem.htm

Contraction during rigor mortis

is stronger in the left heart;

therefore, blood is expressed

from this chamber (squeezed

out).

However since the contraction is

weaker in the right ventricle,

blood remains and a clot is

normally found in the right

ventricle.

Postmortem artifacts

Page 9: VPM 152 GENERAL PATHOLOGY Gross Pathology Lab 1people.upei.ca/hanna/CELL PATH GROSS LABS/CellPath... · This pig has livor mortis - see the blue discoloration most visible along the

Euthanasia artifact due to intracardiac injection of a barbiturate in a puppy. Note the green-tan discoloration, and dry aspect of the lungs caused by the caustic effect of barbiturates.

Terminal / postmortem artifacts

Page 10: VPM 152 GENERAL PATHOLOGY Gross Pathology Lab 1people.upei.ca/hanna/CELL PATH GROSS LABS/CellPath... · This pig has livor mortis - see the blue discoloration most visible along the

Grossly:

• Splenomegaly

• Red to purple

• Oozes blood on cut surface

Passive congestion

• Barbiturate administration

College of Veterinary Medicine, University of

Illinois

Spleen – Terminal / postmortem artifacts

Page 11: VPM 152 GENERAL PATHOLOGY Gross Pathology Lab 1people.upei.ca/hanna/CELL PATH GROSS LABS/CellPath... · This pig has livor mortis - see the blue discoloration most visible along the

Contraction can be incomplete:

Grossly, looks very similar to

splenic infarction

Splenic contraction

• Contraction of the smooth muscle in the capsule/trabeculae

• Occurs with catecholamine release, shock, acute splenic rupture

• Gross: Small dry spleen with wrinkling of the capsule

Spleen – Terminal / postmortem artifacts