Warm-up 9/28Warm-up 9/28

Step 1: Step 1: Draw a quick sketch of a Draw a quick sketch of a

vampire.vampire.You have two minutes to You have two minutes to

draw your best sketch, draw your best sketch, then we will move on to then we will move on to Step 2.Step 2.

Step 2: Which of these does your drawing Step 2: Which of these does your drawing most resemble, and why do you think most resemble, and why do you think

that is?that is?

DraculaDracula

Background InformationBackground Information

Bram StokerBram Stoker On November 8, 1847, Abraham On November 8, 1847, Abraham

(Bram) Stoker was born in a small (Bram) Stoker was born in a small town near Dublin, Ireland.town near Dublin, Ireland.

Stoker suffered from a long childhood Stoker suffered from a long childhood illness and spent his entire early illness and spent his entire early childhood in bed.childhood in bed.

Doctors used leeches in an attempt Doctors used leeches in an attempt to cure his illness.to cure his illness.

Bram Stoker con.Bram Stoker con. Once recovered from his illness, Once recovered from his illness,

Stoker lived a healthy life which Stoker lived a healthy life which included participating in sports at included participating in sports at Trinity College at the University of Trinity College at the University of Dublin.Dublin.

Although he graduated with a Although he graduated with a Master’s degree in Mathematics, his Master’s degree in Mathematics, his passion was in the theatre, and he passion was in the theatre, and he wanted to be an actor.wanted to be an actor.

Bram Stoker con.Bram Stoker con. In 1871, Stoker began writing theatre In 1871, Stoker began writing theatre

reviews for the Dublin Evening Mail. reviews for the Dublin Evening Mail. He received no compensation for his He received no compensation for his work, but it acted as a creative outlet work, but it acted as a creative outlet for his passion.for his passion.

Stoker continued to write and Stoker continued to write and published short stories and novels. published short stories and novels. His first novel, His first novel, The Primrose PathThe Primrose Path was published in 1875.was published in 1875.

Bram Stoker con.Bram Stoker con. Famous actor and friend, Henry Famous actor and friend, Henry

Irving hired Stoker to be the Irving hired Stoker to be the manager of his London theatre the manager of his London theatre the Lyceum.Lyceum.

Before moving to London, Stoker Before moving to London, Stoker married Florence Balcombe in Dublin.married Florence Balcombe in Dublin.

In their 34 year marriage, they had In their 34 year marriage, they had one son, Noel.one son, Noel.

Bram Stoker con.Bram Stoker con. While working at the Lyceum Theatre, Stoker While working at the Lyceum Theatre, Stoker

continued to write.continued to write. During this time, he published:During this time, he published:

– Under the SunsetUnder the Sunset (1881) (1881)– The Snake’s PassThe Snake’s Pass (1890) (1890)– The Watter’s Mou’The Watter’s Mou’ (1895) (1895)– The Shoulder of ShastaThe Shoulder of Shasta (1895) (1895)

However, it was in 1897 that Stoker write his However, it was in 1897 that Stoker write his masterpiece and best known work, masterpiece and best known work, DraculaDracula..

Although he continued to write, none of his Although he continued to write, none of his other works received the praise or popularity of other works received the praise or popularity of DraculaDracula

Bram Stoker con.Bram Stoker con.

When Stoker’s friend, Henry When Stoker’s friend, Henry Irving, died in 1905, his death Irving, died in 1905, his death supposedly caused Stoker to supposedly caused Stoker to have a stroke.have a stroke.

Stoker died 7 years later on Stoker died 7 years later on April 20April 20thth, 1912., 1912.

DraculaDracula The novel, The novel, DraculaDracula, is considered a work of gothic , is considered a work of gothic

fiction, specifically Victorian gothic.fiction, specifically Victorian gothic. Gothic fiction is a type of literature that combines Gothic fiction is a type of literature that combines

elements of both horror and romance.elements of both horror and romance. Although gothic fiction was no longer a dominant Although gothic fiction was no longer a dominant

literary genre during the Victorian era, most would literary genre during the Victorian era, most would say that the genre was entering its most creative say that the genre was entering its most creative period.period.

Some examples of Victorian gothic writers:Some examples of Victorian gothic writers:– Edgar Allan PoeEdgar Allan Poe– Charlotte and Emily Brontë (Charlotte and Emily Brontë (Jane Eyre Jane Eyre and and Wuthering Wuthering

HeightsHeights))– Henry James (Henry James (Turn of the ScrewTurn of the Screw) ) – Mary Shelley (Mary Shelley (FrankensteinFrankenstein))

Dracula Dracula con.con. Gothic literature contains a Gothic literature contains a

combination of several of the combination of several of the following elements:following elements:– A deserted (or sparsely inhabited) A deserted (or sparsely inhabited)

castle or mansion in a state of castle or mansion in a state of ruins or semi-ruinsruins or semi-ruins

– Labyrinths/mazes, dark corridors, Labyrinths/mazes, dark corridors, and winding stairs filled with dusty and winding stairs filled with dusty cobwebscobwebs

– Hidden tunnels/staircases, Hidden tunnels/staircases, dungeons, underground passages, dungeons, underground passages, crypts, or catacombscrypts, or catacombs

– Limited lighting such as moonlight Limited lighting such as moonlight (usually a full moon), candles, flashlight, (usually a full moon), candles, flashlight, lantern; often the light disappears: clouds lantern; often the light disappears: clouds hide the moon, candles go out, hide the moon, candles go out, flashlights/lanterns are dropped and flashlights/lanterns are dropped and brokenbroken

– The setting is usually threatening natural The setting is usually threatening natural landscapes, like rugged mountains, dark landscapes, like rugged mountains, dark forests, or eerie moors, exhibiting stormy forests, or eerie moors, exhibiting stormy weatherweather

– Dark secrets surrounding some Dark secrets surrounding some tormented soul who is left in isolationtormented soul who is left in isolation

– Ominous omens and cursesOminous omens and curses

–Magic, supernatural Magic, supernatural manifestations, or the manifestations, or the suggestion of the supernaturalsuggestion of the supernatural

–A damsel in distressA damsel in distress–The damsel’s rescuer; usually The damsel’s rescuer; usually a lovera lover

–Horrifying (or terrifying) events Horrifying (or terrifying) events or the threat of such or the threat of such happeningshappenings

Dracula Dracula concon Dracula Dracula is also considered an epistolary novel.is also considered an epistolary novel.

– An epistolary novel is a novel written as a series An epistolary novel is a novel written as a series of documents. The usual form is letters, although of documents. The usual form is letters, although diary entries, newspaper clippings and other diary entries, newspaper clippings and other documents are sometimes used. Recently, documents are sometimes used. Recently, electronic "documents" such as recordings and electronic "documents" such as recordings and radio, blogs, and e-mails have also come into radio, blogs, and e-mails have also come into use. use.

– The word epistolary comes from the Latin word The word epistolary comes from the Latin word epistola, meaning a letter.epistola, meaning a letter.

– Authors use this device to add realism to their Authors use this device to add realism to their works.works.

A Time of TransitionA Time of Transition

1837-19011837-1901

The Victorian EraThe Victorian Era

The British Empire and The British Empire and ColonialismColonialism

The Victorian Era, under Queen Victoria, The Victorian Era, under Queen Victoria, represented the high point of the British represented the high point of the British Empire.Empire.

England had colonies in numerous countries as England had colonies in numerous countries as its reach extended to the four corners of the its reach extended to the four corners of the globe.globe.

However, there was a fear that the “uncivilized” However, there was a fear that the “uncivilized” colonies in the East were infecting and/or colonies in the East were infecting and/or invading England, the West.invading England, the West.

Within the East, people still held many Within the East, people still held many superstitious beliefs whereas, in the West, superstitious beliefs whereas, in the West, technology and science were developing technology and science were developing rapidly during the Industrial Revolution.rapidly during the Industrial Revolution.

Gender RolesGender RolesDuring the Victorian Era, gender roles During the Victorian Era, gender roles

were firmly defined.were firmly defined.Men = head of the householdMen = head of the householdWomen = duty to love, honor, obey her Women = duty to love, honor, obey her

husbandhusbandWomen were considered subordinate Women were considered subordinate

to the men and to support her husband to the men and to support her husband and properly raise her children were and properly raise her children were considered crucial cornerstones of considered crucial cornerstones of social stability by the Victorians.social stability by the Victorians.

The Ideal Victorian WomanThe Ideal Victorian Woman

The ideal Victorian woman was pure, The ideal Victorian woman was pure, chaste, refined, and modest.chaste, refined, and modest.

Women were only expected to be with Women were only expected to be with their husbands, yet it was acceptable their husbands, yet it was acceptable for men to have multiple lovers.for men to have multiple lovers.

If a women slept outside the confines If a women slept outside the confines of marriage, she was considered of marriage, she was considered “ruined” or “fallen.”“ruined” or “fallen.”

EducationEducation Education was specialized by gender. Education was specialized by gender.

– Women were provided with the opportunity to study Women were provided with the opportunity to study “refined” subjects such as history, geography and “refined” subjects such as history, geography and literature which would provide them with interesting but literature which would provide them with interesting but noncontroversial topics for discussion. noncontroversial topics for discussion.

– Despite the restrictions, some women did excel in Despite the restrictions, some women did excel in "male" subjects such as law, physics, engineering, "male" subjects such as law, physics, engineering, science and art. science and art.

– These women pioneered the path for the much These women pioneered the path for the much improved gender equality in modern education. improved gender equality in modern education.

– However, it was even said that studying was against However, it was even said that studying was against women’s nature and could make them ill. They were to women’s nature and could make them ill. They were to stay more or less an "ornament of society."stay more or less an "ornament of society."

Images of Victorian Men and Images of Victorian Men and WomenWomen

The “New Women”The “New Women” Towards the end of this period, the “new woman” Towards the end of this period, the “new woman”

began to emerge.began to emerge.– The “New Woman” was a Victorian term for The “New Woman” was a Victorian term for

women who sought to break free from the women who sought to break free from the restrictions of the Victorian time in their behavior restrictions of the Victorian time in their behavior and social position.and social position.

– These women argued for women’s sufferage, These women argued for women’s sufferage, sexual freedom, and the right to work.sexual freedom, and the right to work.

– These women created a heated debate among These women created a heated debate among members of this time period.members of this time period.

The traditional woman vs. the “new woman” are The traditional woman vs. the “new woman” are represented in represented in DraculaDracula through the characters of through the characters of Lucy Westenra and Mina Harker.Lucy Westenra and Mina Harker.