Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Warm-Up; Friday, March 9th. How could a sandwich be responsible for starting World War I? Answer in 3-4 sentences. Warm-Up; Friday, March 9th. If you go back through history, you find that time and time again the huge changes that shape our world today all hinged on some utterly random - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Warm-Up; Friday, March 9thHow could a sandwich be responsible for
starting World War I? Answer in 3-4 sentences.
Warm-Up; Friday, March 9th
If you go back through history, you find that time
and time again the huge changes that shape our
world today all hinged on some utterly random
coincidence. Change it, and the entire course of
history changes with it.
Warm-Up: Friday, March 9th
The spark that ignited World War I started with the assassination ofan Austrian Archduke named Franz Ferdinand, kicking off a dominoeffect of events that left millions dead. You may not know, however,that what knocked over that first domino was a sandwich.
There was this guy named Gavrilo Princip. He was a Bosnian studentand guerrilla, part of a group called the Black Hand. Sounds like the evilorganization of images that secretly controls the world, right?Unfortunately, it was something a lot less awesome: a Slavic independence group. They really hated Franz Ferdinand.
Let's make sure to clear this up: Gavrilo Princip very much wanted toassassinate Uncle Franz. It was how it happened that was so random
The Black Hand had crafted an intricate assassination plot, which basically consisted of, "just kill this him somehow." Unfortunately, as is always true with intricate assassination plots, something went wrong.
When Franz's motorcade passed by the assassins, one of the group, a guy named Nedeljko Cabrinovic, lobbed a grenade at the motorcade. The problem was he was using an unreliable 1914 grenade, so it took 10 seconds to detonate, and by thenFranz was out of range. The unlucky fools in the car behind them bit it instead, and the assassins dispersed in the chaos. Cabrinovic took a cyanide pill that failed to kill him and jumped into a three foot river to "drown" himself. Franz and his party, it seemed, were safe. But Franz was not yet done putting his life in insane danger. Against the advice of pretty much everyone, he insisted on going to the hospital to visit the people who were injured by the grenade. The driver, unfortunately, had no idea where the he was going. They ended up crisscrossing hilariously through the streets where, you guessed it, Gavrilo Princip was enjoying a post-failed-assassination Sandwich outside a café on Franz Josef Street.After the obligatory pause of dumbfounded luck, Princip grabbed his pistol and turned the tide of history.
And How Did it Change The World?First, WWI broke out ...
Then there was the post-war economic failure
... Which was part of the reason Germany actually elected
Who caused...
Which ended in
Causes of World War I -
M
A
N
I
A
ilitarism – policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war
lliances - agreements between nations to aid and protect one another
ationalism – pride in or devotion to one’s country
mperialism – when one country takes over another country economically and politically
ssassination – murder of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand
MANIA
Imperialism: European
conquest of Africa
1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
France 10%
Britain 13%
Russia 39%
Germany 73%
Causes of WWI - MilitarismCauses of WWI - Militarism
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94 130 154 268 289 398
Total Defense Expenditures for the Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br.,
Rus.] Rus.] in millions of £s (British pounds).in millions of £s (British pounds).
Triple EntenteTriple Entente::Triple EntenteTriple Entente:: Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::Causes of WWI - AlliancesCauses of WWI - Alliances
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Italy
Great Britain
France
Russia
Causes of WWI - NationalismCauses of WWI - Nationalism
Causes of WWI - NationalismCauses of WWI - Nationalism
Pan-Germanism - movement to unify the people of all German speaking countries
Austria *Belgium DenmarkIceland Germany *Liechtenstein *
Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Sweden Switzerland *United Kingdom
* = German speaking country
Germanic Countries
Causes of WWI - NationalismCauses of WWI - Nationalism
Pan-Slavism - movement to unify all of the Slavic people
Causes of WWI - ImperialismCauses of WWI - Imperialism
Causes of WWI - ImperialismCauses of WWI - Imperialism
The“Spark
”
The“Spark
”
Causes of WWI - Assassination
Causes of WWI - Assassination
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28th, 1914.
Causes of WWI - Assassination
Causes of WWI - Assassination
Causes of WWI - Assassination
Causes of WWI - AssassinationAustrian
Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed in Bosnia by a Serbian nationalist who believed that Bosnia should belong to Serbia.
Causes of WWI - Assassination
Causes of WWI - Assassination
Gavrilo Princip after his assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
The Point of No Return:
The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia.
Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary.· example of Pan-German nationalism
Russia pledged their support for Serbia.· example of Pan-Slavic nationalism
The Point of No Return:
The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Germany declares war on Russia.
France pledges their support for Russia.
Germany declares war on France.
Germany invades Belgium on the way to France.
Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany.
World War IWorld War IWorld War IWorld War I
Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers:: Central Central PowersPowers::Central Central PowersPowers::Great Britain
France
Russia
Italy
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
· However, we traded food, weapons, oil, steel, and other goods far more with the Allied Powers than with the Central Powers.
American Neutrality
· Officially, the U.S. was a neutral country.
· Both the Allied Powers and Central powers used propaganda in order to support their cause by making their enemies seem savage.
· However, Britain and Germany set up blockades around the British and German coasts.
Freedom of the Seas
· The U.S., as a neutral nation, claimed the right to trade with either side in the war.
· German submarines, called U-boats, torpedoed enemy ships and neutral ships trading with the enemy.
· In 1915, a German submarine torpedoed the Lusitania, a British passenger ship, killing approximately 1,200 people, including 128 Americans.
· Americans were infuriated with the destruction of the Lusitania.
– secret message from Germany to Mexico urging Mexico to attack the U.S. if the U.S. declared war on Germany
Moving Toward WarZimmermann telegram:
– Germany promised to help Mexico regain land it lost to the U.S. in the Mexican War.
* The U.S. declared war on the Central Powers in 1917.
(above) Zimmermann Telegram as Received by the German Ambassador to Mexico, 01/19/1917 (right) decoded words
Zimmermann Telegram: Decoded Message
Mexico was offered material aid in the reclamation of territory lost during the Mexican-American War, specifically the American states of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.
Allied – Green - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I
Central – Orange - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Powers
Now this is what you call a World War!
Review of all: http://www.the-map-as-history.com/demos/tome06/
• The Selective Service Act was passed by Congress on May 18, 1917.
• When the US first entered WWI, the total size of the US army was around 110,000. Three weeks after war was declared, only 32,000 had volunteered for service.
• All males aged 21-30 were required to register for military service. (The age limit was later changed to include all men aged 18-45.)
• By the end of WWI, some 24 mil. men had registered, and some 2.8 mil. had been drafted. More than half of the almost 4.8 mil. Americans who served in the armed forces were drafted.
• The WWI draft had a high success rate, with less than 350,000 men ”dodging” the draft.
GA’s Role in WWI• Between 85,000 to 100,000 Georgians joined the
US armed forces. • Many soldiers around the SE came to GA for
training at one of our many training facilities: 1.) Camp Benning, 2.) Fort McPherson, 3.) and Camp Gordon.
• Georgians on the home-front created uniforms, grew additional food (“liberty gardens”), sold war bonds, and worked for the Red Cross. GA railroads played a key role in transporting arms, ammunition, and soldiers to GA ports for sail to Europe.
• Over 3,000 Georgians gave their lives to this war.– 100,000+ American servicemen died in total.
The end of World War IJanuary 1918, President Woodrow Wilson issued his “Fourteen Points”on which he hoped the treaty ending the war would be based. His 14th Point called for the founding of an organization called theLeague of Nations. There, issues could be discussed and resolved, andcollective action could be taken against those who became aggressiveagainst others.
President Woodrow Wilson
President during WWI
The End of World War I; con’t.
On November 11, 1918, at 11 A.M. both sides signed an armistice, an agreement to stop fighting while coming to terms for a peace treaty.
Negotiations began at the palace of Versailles outside of Paris, France.
Palace of Versailles Hall of Mirrors at the Palaceof Versailles
Name of the treaty that ended WWI was the Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles
• was a punishing treaty • Germany had to admit guilt for causing the war • Germany had to pay the Allies for damages• Germany lost some of its former land, as did the Austrian Empire*The treaty created great resentment in Germany. The seeds of World War II were planted at the end of World War I, which wascalled “The War to End All Wars.”
The Treaty of Versailles was signed onJune 28th, 1919.
Pandemic “A world-wide epidemic”
In the winter of 1918, a deadly form of influenza called the Spanish flu.Spanish flu. At At this time there were no vaccines or treatment. The disease hit quickly, with this time there were no vaccines or treatment. The disease hit quickly, with many of its victim dying within a few hours. In Georgia, the first cases were at many of its victim dying within a few hours. In Georgia, the first cases were at Ft. Screven near Savannah in September then it moved to Camp Hancock inFt. Screven near Savannah in September then it moved to Camp Hancock in Augusta and then to Camp Gordon in Chamblee by early October of 1918. Augusta and then to Camp Gordon in Chamblee by early October of 1918.
Those between the ages of 20-40 were hit the hardest.
Georgia was hit not, but not as hard as some other states.
United States victims: 650,000World-wide: 20-50 million
