WASH Response to Urban Floods Session 3 Plan and Response to Urban Floods UF31 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF

WASH Response to Urban Floods

Session 3Plan and Response to Urban Floods

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WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF

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Session overview

Session objectives and overview of activities 5 mins

Stakeholders in the response 20 mins

WASH technical solutions in an urban flood setting 60 mins

Questions & feedback 5 mins

Case Study: Gonaïves, Haiti, 2008 20 mins

Good practices in an urban flood setting 20 mins

Group activity – WASH response matrix 45 mins

Questions and feedback 5

Total time 3 hrs

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Stakeholders in planning for the WASH response in an urban floods setting

Identify key stakeholders in planning the WASH response?

Role of each group in planning for the response?

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Hygiene Promotion – considerations in an urban flood setting

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• Additional items may be included in the non-food item (NFI) / hygiene kits e.g. impregnated mosquito nets, oral rehydration salts *

• Additional messages for communication efforts: Management of diarrhoea, malaria, urinary

infection Operation and maintenance of facilities given

high groundwater levels Hygienic waste disposal - avoiding drainage

systems and waterways becoming blocked with waste

• Specific targeting of different groups, distinguishing between those residing in camps and those in dwellings

* Approach to managing diarrhoea to be agreed with MoH and Health Cluster

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Water supply – basic repairs to water treatment works (WTWs)

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• Inform the WASH Cluster / sector agencies

• Acquire resources• Start clearing the mud and

evacuating stagnant water• Repair the electrical

system• Repair or replace

damaged pumps and valves

• Repair the water treatment tanks and reservoirs

• Provide chemical reagents and treatment agents

• Repair the pipes

Source: Branched distribution network (WEDC)

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Water supply – restart of machinery

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1. Switch on power and verify electrical functioning

2. Check functioning of each pump or group of pumps

3. Set in motion the water treatment process

4. Measure the flow and dosage of the treatment chemicals

5. Perform the ‘Jar test’ 6. Measure the turbidity of

water7. Check residence time in

each treatment stage8. Check water quality

Turbidity: should not exceed 2 NTU pH: between 6.8 and 7.2 to allow effective chlorination. Microbial contamination: 0 thermotolerant coliforms per 100 ml. Residual aluminium: <0.5mg per litre. Heavy metals and organic pollutants: Refer to ‘WHO guidelines for Water Quality’, (WHO, 2006).

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Water supply – immediate measures

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Exercise – identify excreta disposal options suitable for immediate response

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1. Pit latrines2. Chemical “Portaloo” toilets3. Pour-flush toilets4. Storage tank latrines5. Packet latrines6. Bucket latrines7. Floating latrines8. Rapid kit (type) latrines9. Raised urine-diversion (UD) toilets10.Repair existing excreta disposal facilities11.Temporary latrine structures installed directly

over the sewer inspection covers12.Overhung latrines

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Excreta disposal - immediate measures

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1. Pit latrines2. Chemical “Portaloo” toilets3. Pour-flush toilets4. Storage tank latrines5. Packet latrines6. Bucket latrines7. Floating latrines8. Rapid kit (type) latrines9. Raised urine-diversion (UD) toilets10.Repair existing excreta disposal facilities11.Temporary latrine structures installed

directly over the sewer inspection covers12.Overhung latrines

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Excreta disposal – lesson learned

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Source: ACF

A floating latrine in an urban flooded city of Borneo: A coping mechanism with poor public health implications

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Vector control – immediate measures

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Response options:• Chemical vector control• Environmental sanitation

measures• Personnel protection measures

Vector Disease/ConditionMosquitoes Dengue, Malaria, Yellow Fever,

Fever, Filariasis, etc.Rats Leptospirosis, Hanta virus,

Bubonic plague, Typhus, etc.Flies & Cockroaches

Diarrhoeal diseases

Ticks, Fleas, Lice

Typhus

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Case Study: Gonaïves, Haiti, 2008

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Source: UNICEF

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Rapid Emergency Needs Assessment 13


Gonaïves floods: First response• Deployment of heavy

bulldozers (D9-D10) and trucks to remove mud and gain access to the city

• Water trucking to provide emergency supply

• US Coast Guard airlifts water, hygiene kits, food and shelter

Source: The Boston Globe

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WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UFGonaïves floods: Examples of appropriate WASH response• Installation of 2Km

flexible pipeline equipped with 15 tap stands

• Distribution of POU filtering kits

• Utilisation of urban population density to support more efficent water distribution schemes

A standpipe installation supplying about 1000 inhabitants

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WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UFGonaïves floods: Examples of appropriate WASH response cont.• Collaboration with

Government and other stakeholders to broadcast hygiene messages via radio

• Distribution of packet latrines for those remaining in their homes

• WASH Cluster used as a forum for solving WASH technical problems

Source: Waves of Change: Haiti Community Radio

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Good practice – be innovative

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Source: Dhaka Ahsania Mission

A Chulli Water Purifier, local technology in Bangladesh

Source: ALNAP, 2009

Registering a beneficiary with a handheld device

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Good practice – creative partnerships

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• Between agencies including NGOs and government agencies (national and international)

• With the private sector (national and international)

• Between donors and implementers• With local communities and CBOs• With researchers and academics

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Good practice – use of local materials

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Prioritise use of local materials, similar to those used previously, to repair and rehabilitate infrastructure.

With replacements, use similar locally-available parts e.g. electrical devices, pumps, valves, and pipelines, wherever possible.

Source: Oxfam

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Good practice – community mobilisation

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Consider community mobilisation for post-flood clean up:•Blocked urban drainage systems•Accumulation of mud and flood related debris in the streets•Flooded homes containing silt and flood-related debris•Disposal of destroyed household possessionsSource: ACF

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Good practice – disaster risk reduction

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In areas at risk of recurrent flood emergencies, it is important to incorporate DRR activities into the response

Source: ACF

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Good practice – water source protection

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Water source protection e.g. raising hand‐pumps maybe more cost‐effective than providing additionalsupplies

Source: ACF

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Cross-cutting issues – good practice

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Specific targeting and tailoring the response to different groups affected by the floods

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Key Learning Points• Importance of coordination and partnership building with local authorities, water boards and suppliers

• Interventions should focus on getting municipal supplies operating as quickly as possible

• There are a range of immediate short term WASH solutions appropriate in an urban flood setting

• The response should be tailored for different groups affected differently by the flood

• Main problems often ‘software’ rather than ‘hardware’

• Emergency preparedness is an essential consideration in urban contexts.

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Documents

WASH Response to Urban Floods Session 3 Plan and Response to Urban Floods UF31 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF