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Wastewater Management in Developing Countries Dr. Mushtaq Ahmed Memon ([email protected]) Programme Officer , UNEP IETC

Wastewater Management in Developing Countries - · PDF file20th CENTURY WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT “How do we get rid of our wastewater efficiently with minimum damage to public health

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Page 1: Wastewater Management in Developing Countries - · PDF file20th CENTURY WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT “How do we get rid of our wastewater efficiently with minimum damage to public health

Wastewater Management in Developing Countries

Dr. Mushtaq Ahmed Memon

([email protected])

Programme Officer , UNEP IETC

Page 2: Wastewater Management in Developing Countries - · PDF file20th CENTURY WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT “How do we get rid of our wastewater efficiently with minimum damage to public health

Overview

• Paradigm shift and technology needs

• Assessment of demand

• Challenges and opportunities

• UNEP IETC work

Page 3: Wastewater Management in Developing Countries - · PDF file20th CENTURY WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT “How do we get rid of our wastewater efficiently with minimum damage to public health

20th CENTURY

WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

“How do we get rid of our wastewater efficiently with minimum damage to public health and the environment?”

21st CENTURY

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

“How do we handle wastewater including rainwater to augment

water supply?”

Paradigm Shift and Technology Needs

Page 4: Wastewater Management in Developing Countries - · PDF file20th CENTURY WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT “How do we get rid of our wastewater efficiently with minimum damage to public health

Water and Sanitation in Asia

Source: http://www.adb.org/Water/Indicators/MDG-7/Table-02.pdf

Page 5: Wastewater Management in Developing Countries - · PDF file20th CENTURY WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT “How do we get rid of our wastewater efficiently with minimum damage to public health

Water and Sanitation Coverage

Source: World Bank 1997

Page 6: Wastewater Management in Developing Countries - · PDF file20th CENTURY WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT “How do we get rid of our wastewater efficiently with minimum damage to public health

Water Availability and Water Pollution

Page 7: Wastewater Management in Developing Countries - · PDF file20th CENTURY WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT “How do we get rid of our wastewater efficiently with minimum damage to public health

Reuse, recycle & disposal ESTs quality and treatment issues

1. Domestic rainwater use

2. On-site treatment of grey water

3. Constructed wetlands

4. On-site and near-site treatment of black water and mixed

sewage

5. Separating rainwater from sewer systems

6. Environmentally sound centralized sewage treatment in

developing countries

every drop counts 3. ESTs Reuse

Page 8: Wastewater Management in Developing Countries - · PDF file20th CENTURY WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT “How do we get rid of our wastewater efficiently with minimum damage to public health

Municipal Wastewater Reuse

Trickling Filters Rotating Biological Contactors

Activated Sludge Trickling Filters

Rotating Biological Contactors

Secondary Sedimentation Secondary

Sedimentation

Sludge Processing Sludge Processing

Disinfection Disinfection

Disposal / Reuse

Primary Secondary Tertiary / Advanced Preliminary Conventional Wastewater Treatment

Sedimentation Sedimentation

Suspended Solids Removal Suspended Solids Removal Chemical Coagulation

Filtration Chemical Coagulation

Filtration

Suspended Solids Removal Suspended Solids Removal Chemical Coagulation

Filtration Chemical Coagulation

Filtration

Nitrogen Removal Nitrogen Removal Nitrification – Denitrification

Selective Ion Exchange Breakpoint Chlorination

Gas Stripping Overland flow

Nitrification – Denitrification Selective Ion Exchange Breakpoint Chlorination

Gas Stripping Overland flow

Nitrogen Removal Nitrogen Removal Nitrification – Denitrification

Selective Ion Exchange Breakpoint Chlorination

Gas Stripping Overland flow

Nitrification – Denitrification Selective Ion Exchange Breakpoint Chlorination

Gas Stripping Overland flow

Phosphorus Removal Phosphorus Removal Chemical Precipitation

Biological Chemical Precipitation

Biological

Phosphorus Removal Phosphorus Removal Chemical Precipitation

Biological Chemical Precipitation

Biological

Organics and Metals Removal Organics and Metals Removal Carbon Adsorption

Chemical Precipitation Carbon Adsorption

Chemical Precipitation

Organics and Metals Removal Organics and Metals Removal Carbon Adsorption

Chemical Precipitation Carbon Adsorption

Chemical Precipitation

Dissolved Solids Removal Dissolved Solids Removal

Reverse Osmosis Electrodialysis

Distillation Ion Exchange

Reverse Osmosis Electrodialysis

Distillation Ion Exchange

Dissolved Solids Removal Dissolved Solids Removal

Reverse Osmosis Electrodialysis

Distillation Ion Exchange

Reverse Osmosis Electrodialysis

Distillation Ion Exchange

Disinfection Disinfection Irrigation / Reuse

Irrigation / Reuse

Irrigation / Reuse

Low - Rate Processes Low - Rate Processes

Screening Comminution Grit Removal

Screening Comminution Grit Removal

Stabilization Ponds Aerated Lagoons

Stabilization Ponds Aerated Lagoons

High - Rate Processes High - Rate Processes

Activated Sludge Trickling Filters

Rotating Biological Contactors

Activated Sludge Trickling Filters

Rotating Biological Contactors

High - Rate Processes High - Rate Processes

Activated Sludge Trickling Filters

Rotating Biological Contactors

Activated Sludge Trickling Filters

Rotating Biological Contactors

Secondary Sedimentation Secondary

Sedimentation

Sludge Processing Sludge Processing

Disinfection Disinfection

Disposal / Reuse

Primary Secondary Tertiary / Advanced Preliminary Primary Secondary Tertiary / Advanced Preliminary

Low - Cost Wastewater Treatment

Wastewater Storage and Treatment Reservoirs

for polishing and pathogens removal

Wastewater Storage and Treatment Reservoirs

for polishing and pathogens removal

Anaerobic Ponds Aerated Lagoons

Upward - flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed

Anaerobic Ponds Aerated Lagoons

Upward - flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed

Irrigation / Reuse

Irrigation / Reuse Facultative Ponds Maturation Ponds (in series)

Low - Cost Wastewater Treatment

Wastewater Storage and Treatment Reservoirs

for polishing and pathogens removal

Wastewater Storage and Treatment Reservoirs

for polishing and pathogens removal

Anaerobic Ponds Aerated Lagoons

Upward - flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed

Anaerobic Ponds Aerated Lagoons

USAB Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Irrigation / Reuse

Irrigation / Reuse Facultative Ponds Maturation Ponds (in series)

Page 9: Wastewater Management in Developing Countries - · PDF file20th CENTURY WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT “How do we get rid of our wastewater efficiently with minimum damage to public health

Wastewater Treatment

WW treatment processes

M

M M

M

Inlet

Trash screening

Primary

sedimentation tank Aeration tank

Aerator

Secondary

Sedimentation tankChlorine Contact

Tank

Chlorine Tank

Filtration Tank

Reuse water

tank

Odor

Removal Unit

Primary Composting Area Secondary Composting

Area

Gravimetric

Thickener

Adding Polymer

Equalization

Unit

Centrifugal

Thickener

Pump

Sludge Thickerner

Sludge Digestion

Tank

To centrifugal

Thickener

To aeration tank

Filtrate TankSludge Tank

Polymer tank

Water Circulating tank

River

Fertilizer

Reuse water treatment processes

Sludge Treatment processes

Page 10: Wastewater Management in Developing Countries - · PDF file20th CENTURY WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT “How do we get rid of our wastewater efficiently with minimum damage to public health

INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY CENTRE 国際環境技術センター

• The International Environmental Technology Centre (IETC) is a branch of the Division of Technology, Industry, and Economics (DTIE) and is leading the waste management portfolio within UNEP.

• UNEP IETC focuses on identifying and showcasing environmentally sound technologies (ESTs) and management practices, primarily in relation to waste. UNEP IETC is located in

Osaka, Japan.

Page 11: Wastewater Management in Developing Countries - · PDF file20th CENTURY WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT “How do we get rid of our wastewater efficiently with minimum damage to public health

Wastewater Reuse

Page 12: Wastewater Management in Developing Countries - · PDF file20th CENTURY WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT “How do we get rid of our wastewater efficiently with minimum damage to public health

12

Wastewater Reuse Publication • 1. Introduction • 2. Wastewater Reuse as Environmentally Sound Technologies (ESTs) • 3. Requirements for Wastewater Reuse • 3-1. Basic Principles of Wastewater Treatment • 3-2. Public Health Risk Minimization • 4. Wastewater Reuse Applications • 4-1. Wastewater Reuse for Agriculture • 4-2. Wastewater Reuse for Industry • 4-3. Urban Applications • 4-4. Wastewater Reuse for Environmental Water Enhancement • 4-5. Groundwater Recharge • 5. Key Factors for Establishing Initiatives • 6. Building Capacity for Water and Wastewater Reuse • 6-1. Capacity Building: Human Resource Development • 6-2. Capacity Building: Policy and Legal Framework Development • 6-3. Capacity Building: Institutional Development and Organizational Management • 6-4. Capacity Building: Financing • 6-5. Capacity Building: Raising Public Awareness and Participation • 7. Moving Forward

Page 13: Wastewater Management in Developing Countries - · PDF file20th CENTURY WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT “How do we get rid of our wastewater efficiently with minimum damage to public health

Wise-water & Every Drop Counts

Page 14: Wastewater Management in Developing Countries - · PDF file20th CENTURY WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT “How do we get rid of our wastewater efficiently with minimum damage to public health

Phyto-technologies

Page 15: Wastewater Management in Developing Countries - · PDF file20th CENTURY WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT “How do we get rid of our wastewater efficiently with minimum damage to public health

Sustainability Assessment of Technologies (SAT)

http://www.unep.org/ietc/InformationResources/Publications/tabid/56265/Default.aspx

Page 16: Wastewater Management in Developing Countries - · PDF file20th CENTURY WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT “How do we get rid of our wastewater efficiently with minimum damage to public health

Resource Augmentation Demonstration Project in Vietnam

Industry

Water & Energy Demand

Wastewater Reuse

Community

Agriculture

Rainwater Harvesting

Waste

Biomass

Compost

Page 17: Wastewater Management in Developing Countries - · PDF file20th CENTURY WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT “How do we get rid of our wastewater efficiently with minimum damage to public health

17

Project Activities

• Background Studies & Selection of the Industry September ~ October 2005

• Awareness Raising / Information Dissemination November 2005 ~ January 2006

• Data collection January 2006 – March 2006

• Identification of ESTs for rainwater harvesting, wastewater reuse, and composting

January 2006 – April 2006

• Designing ESTs for local conditions January 2006 – June 2006

• Implementing project components based on ESTs April 2006 – February 2007

• Collection and disseminations of lessons learned

Page 18: Wastewater Management in Developing Countries - · PDF file20th CENTURY WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT “How do we get rid of our wastewater efficiently with minimum damage to public health

Partnership, Partnership and

Partnership Thank You…

International Environmental

Technology Centre 2-110 Ryokuchi Koen Tsurumi-ku, Osaka 538-0036 Japan Tel : +81 (0) 6 6915 4581 Fax : +81 (0) 6 6915 0304 E-mail : [email protected] Web: http://www.unep.org/ietc