WATER AND CLIMATE ADAPTATION WORK AT

FANRPAN

Douglas J. Merrey

20 June 2008 FANRPAN Partners Meeting

Three Projects

1. Limpopo Basin Focal Project

2. Scaling up micro-Agricultural Water Management (AWM) Technologies

3. Adapting Food Systems to Global Environmental Change

Limpopo River BasinFocal Project

Goals

To identify agricultural water interventions whose implementation will reduce poverty and enhance food, health, and environmental security in the Limpopo Basin and beyond

To identify gaps in knowledge about agricultural water management options in the basin requiring further research

Work Packages (WP)

1. WP 1 Water and Poverty2. WP 2 Water Availability and Access3. WP 3 Water Productivity4. WP 4 Institutional Analysis5. WP 5 Interventions Packages6. WP 6 Knowledge Management

The Team-1

FANRPAN and ARC joint venture ARC leads Water Availability and Knowledge

Management WPs FANRPAN leads Institutions and Interventions WP

and overall project IWMI and GWP-SA regional partners

IWMI Leads Water Productivity WP and is associated with +/- 8 CPWF projects in basin

GWP and FANRPAN co-lead stakeholder consultations

University of Malawi—leads Poverty Analysis WP

The Team-2

National universities: Botswana, Eduardo Mondlane (UEM, Mozambique), Pretoria, Zimbabwe

Mozambique Institute of Agricultural Research (IIAM)

Team is large and diverse, but highly experienced and professionalComplemented by students (10% of the

total budget)

Research Approach and Stakeholder Consultation

Make use of existing data bases and research project outputs

Use students strategically to fill gaps, provide analytical support

Highest priority on application, impact of our work Consultations with stakeholders--Large

number, wide diversity, at multiple levels

MatrixInterventionPackage

Associated Institutions

Infrastructure Technology Policies & Institutions

NewKnowledge

intervention(contributor)

Name of institution,contact info, links torelated web sites or documents

Check any of the boxes below that apply Check boxes below that apply

Check boxes below that apply

Check boxes below that apply

availability productivity access avail prod acc avail prod acc avail prod acc

Treadle Pump IrrigationD Merrey

IDEhttp://www.ideorg.org/ Kick Starthttp://www.kickstart.org

XX

Small Reservoirs

CP 46http://www.smallreservoirs.org

XX

CatchmentManagement Forums

DWAFhttp://www.dwaf.gov.za

XX

Policies to Encourage Scaling Up Micro-Agricultural Water Management (micro-AWM)

Treadle Pumps--Types

ZAMBIA

ZAMBIA

KENYA

S. AFRICA

SWAZI-

LAND

INDIA

Micro-AWM--a “best bet” investment

Low-cost small-scale technologies and practices are promising investments: Relatively low cost per household can benefit more

people/$ Rapid impacts: minimal gestation period Individualized—lower transaction costs than

communal or government irrigation Lend themselves to being promoted through markets,

and to being targeted, e.g., to women, or poor Not a panacea, but high potential

intervention if done right, in the right circumstances

If micro-AWM so good, why have they not reached any scale in SSA?

Main problem is restrictive and variable government policies (Merrey & Sally, forthcoming in Water Policy, 2008) Compounded by small national markets in

most SSA countries Mostly NGO-driven; these tend to be supply-

driven limited-time projects, often for relief

Inconsistent, Unsupportive Policies

No SSA country has a long-term supportive policy framework for encouraging a local market-driven industry (manufacture, sales, after-sales service, etc)

Inconsistent policies: High costs (2-5 X Indian price), no long-term investment

Recommendations: Way Forward

National Level With stakeholders, develop consistent long term

supportive policies & designate a lead agency Support for local R&D, social marketing, low-cost

loans Limited-time “smart” subsidies to kickstart the

industry, focused on small farmers Target women, households who have labor and land

but need help with capital Use input vouchers as a way of subsidizing through

the markets Build into overall long-term agricultural and water

resources development policies

Recommendations: Way Forward

Regional Economic Communities

As part of moving to freer trade, support development of regional markets for small-scale low-cost technologies for economies of scale

Support exchange of experiences among countries

Supporting development of an African market-driven micro-AWM industry can contribute directly to reducing poverty and hunger by 2015 while through synergies, enhancing the returns to large-scale water infrastructure investments.

Adaptation of Food Systems to Global Environmental Change

(GEC)

Southern Africa Science Plan andImplementation Strategy

“GECAFS-SAF”

Partnership of “Global

Environmental Change and Food

Systems” (GECAFS), ICSU-

Africa, and FANRPAN

Proposed five year programme

Food Security

FOOD UTILISATION

FOOD ACCESS

• Affordability• Allocation• Preference

• Nutritional Value• Social Value• Food Safety

FOOD AVAILABILITY

• Production• Distribution• Exchange

Environmental Security /

Natural Capital

• Ecosystems stocks, flows

• Ecosystem services

• Access to natural capital

Social Welfare• Income• Employment • Wealth• Social & political

capital• Human capital• Infrastructure• Peace• Insurance

Food System OUTCOMES Contributing to:

Food System ACTIVITIESProducing food: natural resources, inputs, technology

Processing & packaging food: raw materials, standards, consumer demandDistributing & retailing food: marketing, advertising, trade

Consuming food: preparation, consumption

GECAFS Food System Concept

GECAFS-SAF addresses 3 issues

how GEC will further complicate food security across the region.

the feasibility of policy and technical adaptation options at both regional and local levels.

the socioeconomic and environmental consequences of different adaptation options designed to improve food security.

Strategies for Adapting to Climate Change in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa: Targeting the Most Vulnerable

Implementing Partners: International Food Policy Research Institute

(IFPRI). Other partners include: Association for Strengthening Agricultural

Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA) FANRPAN Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research

(PIK) Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape

Research (ZALF).Supported by BMZ (Germany)

Project is being launched at a workshop hosted by FANRPAN 23-25 June 2008

Strategies for Adapting to Climate Change in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa

Goal: Reduced vulnerability of rural households to climate change through better-coordinated and targeted food system adaptation strategies.

Purpose: To provide regional organizations, policymakers and farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa with tools to identify and implement appropriate adaptation strategies.

FANRPAN will use this to develop a network of practitioners and policymakers on adaptation of food systems to GEC

Invitation

Contribute to the Limpopo Basin Water Management Intervention Matrix

Discuss how micro-AWM can help reduce poverty and vulnerability at a reasonable cost

Share your ideas about adaptation of food systems to GEC in Southern Africa

Or other natural resources issues you have in mind!

And how these activities form a coherent mutually supportive

programme