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Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

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Page 1: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

Water, Another Important

Abiotic Factor(just like soil)

Page 2: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

Remember the Water Cycle?

Page 3: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

1. Groundwater – water located beneath the ground surface in between soil spaces.

2. Surface water – water collecting on the ground or in a stream, river, lake, sea or ocean.

Two Types of Liquid Water:(based on its location)

Page 4: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

Surface water

Page 5: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

1. It rains or precipitation happens,2. If the ground is dry, it absorbs water like

a sponge,3. This becomes groundwater,4. When the ground can no longer hold

anymore water,5. The rain starts to runoff the surface of

the land,6. This runoff goes into streams, rivers, &

lakes and becomes surface water.

How Do You Get the Two Types?

Page 6: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

Let’s Take a Look at Surface Water First

Page 7: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

Remember, water that is not absorbed by the ground runs-off and

becomes surface water

Page 8: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

Runoff - water that flows over the land surface. It becomes surface water like lakes, streams, rivers, and eventually the oceans.

Definition:

Page 9: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

What Makes a River Flow?

…gravity, water from snow or rain falls on higher ground and flows to a lower point, typically the ocean.

Ocean

Page 10: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

From the Reading Guide:

Parts of a River – 3 sectionsLooking from above

Tributariestrunk

Distributaries

Water Flow

High GroundMountainsUpstream

Low GroundThe Ocean

Downstream

Page 11: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

Drainage basin - the land areas that gathers precipitation water and directs it to a particular stream.

Definition:

Page 12: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

Drainage Basin – sometimes used in a larger sense to include all the land that drains into a river system.

Page 13: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

Divide - the ridge of land that separates two adjacent drainage basins.

Definition:

Page 14: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

Pacific Ocean

Atlan

tic Ocean

Page 15: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

Floodplain - flat or nearly flat land adjacent to a stream or river that experiences occasional or periodic flooding

Definition:

Page 16: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

floodplain -

Definition:

Page 17: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

From the Reading Guide:

Parts of a River – 3 sectionsLooking from above

Tributariestrunk

Distributaries

Meander

Page 18: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

meander – a winding, turning bend in a river

Definition:

Page 19: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

Ox bow lake - a type of lake which is formed when a wide meander from a stream or a river is cut off to form a lake.

Definition:

Page 20: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

Delta - a landform where the mouth of a river flows into an ocean, sea, desert, estuary or lake.

Definition:

The Nile River Delta

Page 21: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

watershed - the region of land whose water drains into a specified body of water

Definition:

Page 22: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

South Carolina Rivers Map

Page 23: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

sediments- loose pieces of sand, silt and clay that come from the process of weathering and erosion that settle at the bottom of rivers and lakes

Definition:

Page 24: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

dams- man made structure created for flood control that can create lakes for recreation and water storage. Some dams can create hydroelectricity.

Definition:

Page 25: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

Now, Let’s Look at Groundwater

Page 26: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

• Remember Permeability?

• The ground is permeable, it has spaces between the soil particles that permit water or air to pass through.

• When it rains water seeps into the ground…it continues downward until it hits something that stops it.

Why Does the Ground Absorb Water?

Page 27: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

There are Two Zones Under the Ground---1. Zone of Aeration – the area

in the soil where most of the spaces are filled with air.

2. Zone of saturation – the area in the soil where most of the spaces are filled with water…it is saturated.

Page 28: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

The Border Between the Two has a Name---

Water Table - upper level of an underground surface in which the soil or rocks are permanently saturated with water.

The top of the Zone of Saturation The bottom of the Zone of Aeration.

Page 29: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

Zon

e

of

A

era

tion

Zone of Saturation

Air

water

Page 30: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

Notice the Water Table Underground is at Lake Level on the Surface…

…follow a lake’s level into the side of the land, and you now know the level of the water table.

Page 31: Water, Another Important Abiotic Factor (just like soil)

Aquifer - underground layer of water, “pool of water”