WATER AUDIT PRACTICE IN INDIA

24/04/23 2

Up to 45% of water is lost due to leaks in an aging water infrastructure around the world.

45%Increase in global water usage since the 1900s; twice the rate of human population growth.

6x

Estimated liters of water it takes to make a pair of jeans.

The number of people that do not have access to safe water according to The World Bank.

1.1 billion

Two thirds of the world's population is projected to face water scarcity by 2025, according to the United Nations..

10,855 2/3

Water: A Global Concern

24/04/23 3

2309

1991

1902

2001

1465

2025

1235

2050Source : Water resources of India, Rakesh Kumar, R. D. Singh, K. D. Sharma, National Institute of Hydrology, India

Per

capi

ta s

urfa

ce w

ater

ava

ilabi

lity In cu meters<1700 - Water Stressed

<1000 - Water Scarce

Less Water for Every Indian

24/04/23 4 Source: Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India

Industry: Key Role.. Rapid Growth

82%

10%18%

Industry

Domestic

Developing Countries

Water use Worldwide

Agri

30%11%

59%

Developed CountriesDomesticAgri

Ind’y

2010

8%

78%

8%6%

2050

13%

68%

9%9%

Agriculture

Industry

Domestic

Others

Agriculture

Industry

Domestic

Others

Water Use – Indian Industries

Source: CPCB

Expected to double in next 2 Expected to double in next 2 decades!!decades!!

Water Usage Facts - World

Country/ Region

Annual ground

water use (km3)

No of ground water

structures (million)

Extraction/ structure (m3/ year)

% of population dependent on ground

water India 150 19 7,900 55-60

Pakistan 45 0.5 90,000 60-65 China 75 3.5 21,500 22-25 Iran 45 0.5 58,000 12-18

Mexico 29 0.1 300,000 5-6 USA 100 0.2 500,000 <1-2

Source: IWMI

Wastewater generation from different types of industries and achievable reuse

Industry Average volume of wastewater per unit or product

% reuse achievable

Thermal power plant 155 x 103 L/h/MW 98Pulp & paper 250 x 103 L/tonne 50Iron & Steel 150x 103 L/tonne 40Pharmaceutical 4.5x 103 L/Kg 40Distillery 15 L/L of alcohol 25Textile 250 L/Kg Cloth 15Tannery 34 L/Kg of raw

hides12

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Industry - Water efficiency

Best figures in different countries

SwedenFinland India CanadaKorea

65 m3/ton

Pulp and Paper

20 m3/ton

3.5 m3/ton

Water saving potential in Indian industry 35 – 50 % Excellent Potential to

reduce, reuse and recycle

Reduce water as well as conserve resources

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Water Management In IndustryWater audits

55 audits till date 2 companies facilitated for ‘Zero

Water Discharge’• Godrej Industries Ltd, Valia• ITC Ltd, Munger

Annual Water Savings (m3/year)

Equivalent Annual Cost Savings (Rs Lakhs/year)

Identified 27 million 1555.00Achieved*(till date)

7.0 million 250.00

* Balance under implementation

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Approach to Water management

3 pronged approach

Augmentation of water resources & storage

Reduce, Reuse & Recycle (Zero Water Discharge) in Industries / buildings

Use of treated municipal waste water for industries

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Training and Awareness

Develop Water balance

Reduce at source Recycle back to process applications after

treatment Reuse in other beneficial applications after

treatment (irrigation, cooling towers, toilet flushing etc.,)

“Monitoring” to sustain the savings

Approach to Water management

Approach – Water Audit in Industry

Preliminary Water Survey Budget estimate for detailed water

audit Detailed Water Audit

Water Balance Identification of Water Saving projects

with payback period Training program for employees

Facilitation and Monitoring

Water Audit Methodology Awareness program Formation of teams

Facilitate generation of ideas Appointment of coordinator Water Balance - Data

collection & Measurements Identification of specific proposals

Cost benefit analysis Discussion of ideas with all concerned Presentation and Final report

submission

Water Balance – sample sheet

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Borewell Pumps – 3800 kLD

Fire Hydrant

Drinking/ Process Water

Drinking Water

ProcessWater

Adm

in –

14

Can

teen

– 1

80

SMD

Toi

lets

–

113

PMD

Toi

lets

–

120

colo

ny –

411

Unm

eter

ed –

32

7

DM PlantSoftener

Vac

Pum

p,

Blo

wer

& A

ir C

omp

– 33

Air

Was

her S

MD

–

105

Air

Was

her C

TS –

35

9

Boi

ler -

PMD

Hum

iduc

t

AC

Coo

ling

Tow

er –

46

5

DG

Coo

ling

Tow

er –

53

3

Domestic – 1340 kLD

838 1730 270327

PMD

Cle

anin

g –

110

Dus

t & O

dor –

202

PMD

Pro

cess

–37

3

450

Sand Filter

Industrial Cooling/ Process – 2450 kLDB

ackw

ash

– 50

175

3790 kLD

Training and Awareness – sample sheet

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Water Loss One drop/secondHourly loss 0.5 litresAnnual loss 5 m3

Min. Annual water only cost Rs. 7.5

Union

Flange

Water Loss 0.1 litres/minuteHourly loss 6 litresAnnual loss 53 m3

Min. Annual water only cost Rs. 80Valve

Pump shaft seal

Water Loss 0 - 4 litres/minuteHourly loss 0 - 240 litresAnnual loss 0 - 2100 m3

Min. Annual water only cost Rs. 0 - 3150

CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre, LEED Platinum

Holistic approach towards Water Efficiency

Grundfos Pumps India Pvt Ltd, Chennai

Viswa Syamalam, Chennai

RMBP, Chennai

‘ When the well is dry ………

We know the worth of water’

- Benjamin Franklin

Water efficiency in Buildings

CII water efficiency programme – enhances water efficiency

Reduce• Low flow fixtures

Recharge• Rainwater harvesting

Reuse • Use of treated water

Refuse• Installation of dry type fixtures

Approach towards water efficiency

Ultra low flow fixtures On-site STP Enhanced Irrigation

Systems Rainwater Harvesting High performance cooling

towers Water Metering Systems

I. Ultra Low Flow fixtures . . . Water less urinals

No plumbing line for flushing

Uses buoyant fluid instead of water to maintain sanitary condition

Composting toiletRecycling of compost as fertilizer for

the native landscaping on site

Waterless Urinal

Dry plumbing fixture Composting WC’s

I. Ultra Low Flow fixtures . . . Low flow fixtures ( 1.8 – 2.0 LPM)

Sensor Faucet

Digital Sensor Faucet

Innovative fixtures

Sensor placed on the tip of the tap

Enhances the water efficiency

Sensor based fixtures

Senses the hand presence & automatically turn on & off

I. Ultra Low Flush fixtures . . .

Water closets with dual plumbing 3 /6 LPF flush options in same unit Innovative – Ultra Low-Flow water

closet -2 /4 LPF

I. Ultra Low Flow fixtures . . . Taps, Faucets, Showers, etc., with aerators

Low flow fixtures – 6-8 liters/minute

Aerators fitted to open end of showers to control the flow rates

Aerators: Small in size – Big in Impact

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STP

Waste waterTreated water

Storage

100% Reuse

On-site water treatment Uses localized treatment systems to transport, store, treat & dispose of waste water volumes generated on the project site

II. On-site treatment …

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On-site STP - Homes & Commercial Buildings

On-site water treatment Grey water re-use

Irrigation

Flushing

Cooling tower make-up

Reduces the load on municipal system

II. On-site treatment …

II. On-site treatment … Root Zone Treatment

Natural system - Aesthetically pleasing and gives picturesque garden like appearance

Low capital cost – no usage of chemicals Treated water - reused or recycled or recharged & meets

CPCB Norms

Aquamall

III. Enhanced Irrigation Systems

Drip Irrigation System High-efficiency irrigation in which

water drips to the soil from perforated tubes

• Efficiency of 90%

Sprinkler Irrigation System Efficiency of 60%

Using native species, minimizes the water requirement

IV. Recharge

Rainwater harvesting

Increase the water table or reduce

the usage of potable water

Capture roof water generated from

roof area to utilize in :

• Landscape irrigation or

• Indoor water usage

Government of Tamilnadu, Rajasthan, M.P – made RWH mandatory

V. High efficient Cooling towers

High efficient cooling towers Reduces cooling tower water make-up Usage of treated water / storm water will bring down

the demand on potable water

VI. Water Metering To measure the water consumption,

at strategic locations; Treated grey water consumption Landscape water consumption Rain water reuse Air-conditioning cooling tower make-up Hot water consumption Any other major source of water consumption

such as, swimming pools, water fountain, common car wash facilities

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To Sum Up

Zero Water Discharge Definitely achievable

Technologies available Practically proven Affordable cost

Excellent Long term benefits Definitely sustainable

Case Studies

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Recycle of Backwash Water by Installing Tube Settler

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Objective Reuse of back wash water in

pretreatment section

Results Water savings of 30 m3/day Complete saving of fresh water for back

wash

How achieved ? Tube settler plant is introduced and

back wash water is passed through Tube settler

After removal of total suspended solids in Tube settler water reused

Total cost of the project : Rs 4.5 Lakhs Cost of water: Rs 1.00/m3

Pay back period : 18 months

RO plant reject water to be used for toilet flushing

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Objective RO plant reject water to be used for toilet

flushing

Results Water Savings - 3650 Kilo Liters / year Money Saving - Rs. 1.17 Lakhs / year Reduction in load of ETP as reject has been

diverted for flushing

How achieved ? Simple piping arrangement along with small pump

has been installed Investment: Rs. 0.15 Lakh Pay back Period: 1.5 months water

RO Reject Water Line

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Objective Foam type Water taps” at all high

consumption shops and dining halls.

Results Water Savings 11100 m3 /annum Cost Savings of Rs. 2.16 lakh /

annum

How achieved ? Installed Foam type water tapes Water Consumption: 0.02 Ltr/ECU Investment : 1.50 lakh Cost savings : 2.16 lakh Payback period : 8 months

By Installing the water efficient fixtures

Cooling tower blow down reduction

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Objective Blow down reduction by

increasing the COC

Results Float wise water saving

• Float 1:28 KL/Day• Float 2:24 KL/Day

Water Savings • 19,000 Kl/annum

How achieved ? By increasing the TDS/conductivity

of re circulating water

Reuse of treated municipal waste water in industry

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Towards conservation of fresh ground water

Reuse of 200 m3 /day of secondary treated waste water Installed full fledged tertiary

treated water system using submerged UF-RO membrane

Utilized for non-potable purposes

Fresh water saving of 73000m3 /year

Rain Water Harvesting

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Roof top rain water harvesting in industry Roof drains connected to

storage tanks through filtration systems

Collection of roof water and storage of same in tanks for use

Tank Storage option explored in the plant

From Roof Through Gutter Storage Tank

24/04/23 39

Thank You

Water Makes Business Sense