WaterWater

The lake with the

largest water

volume is

A. Lake Victoria

B. Lake Superior

C. Lake Tanganyika

D. Lake Baikal

E. Lake Huron

Levees do which of the following?

I. prevent flooding

II. cause flooding downstream

III. prevent deposition of sediment on floodplains

A. I only.

B. II only.

C. III only.

D. II and III.

E. I, II, and III.

Dams are used for which of the following?

I. Create reservoirs for drinking water.

II. Power turbines that generate electricity.

III. Better conditions for salmon migration.

A. I only.

B. II only.

C. I and II.

D. I and III.

E. I, II, and III.

Aqueducts present problems in the areas in which they are located. This may be due to the following:

I. diversion from the natural river channel flow

II. loss of water due to precipitation

III. political problems due to of water location

A. I only.

B. II only.

C. III only.

D. I and III.

E. I, II, and III.

The problem with the distillation method of

desalination is that

A. the technology is not readily available.

B. in the areas where it is needed, there is

not enough salt water.

C. it is energy intensive.

D. it produces brine, unlike the reverse

osmosis process.

Reverse osmosis is preferable to distillation

as a method of desalination because

A. it produces less salty brine which is

damaging to wildlife.

B. the salt it produces can be deposited

safely on land.

C. the salt is safely returned to the ocean.

D. the equipment is more efficient and often

less costly.

Water

availability

per capita

throughout

North Africa is

approximately

A. 15,000-70,000 m3 per capita per year.

B. 6,000-15,000 m3 per capita per year.

C. 1,700-2,500 m3 per capita per year.

D. 1,000-1,700 m3 per capita per year.

E. 0-1,000 m3 per capita per year.

Furrow irrigation

A. involves flooding an entire field.

B. involves dripping water near the roots of

a plant.

C. requires stripping old crops from a field.

D. involves digging trenches and filling them

with water.

The greatest per capita water use in the

world is seen in

A. Canada

B. United States

C. South Africa

D. Kenya

E. China

The oldest and least expensive type of

irrigation is

A. spray irrigation.

B. flood irrigation.

C. furrow irrigation.

D. drip irrigation.

E. also the least water intensive type of

irrigation.

Hydroponic agriculture

I. uses soil.

II. uses a nutrient rich solution.

III. uses little or no pesticides.

A. I only.

B. II only.

C. I and II.

D. II and III.

E. I, II, and III.

Household per

capita use of

water per day

is greatest in

A. Australia

B. The United States

C. Iraq

D. India

E. China

You are selecting a new dishwasher. You do

about 150 loads per year. The less efficient

model uses 9 gallons per load. The more

efficient model uses 6 gallons per load. How

many gallons of water will be saved over the

course of one year?

A. 45 B. 450 C. 4500 D. 45,000 E. 50

A method that has been implemented to reduce water use in dry climates such as Nevada is to

A. prohibit people from planting grass on their lawns.

B. pay people to plant native vegetation instead of grass on their lawns.

C. prohibit use of washing machines during the day when energy use is at a peak.

D. prohibit garden stores from selling vegetation that doesn’t naturally grow in dry climates.

E. require watering lawns at night to reduce water loss from evaporation.

In cultural eutrophication, game fish die In cultural eutrophication, game fish die

fromfrom

A. acid deposition. A. acid deposition.

B. suffocation from lack of oxygen. B. suffocation from lack of oxygen.

C. toxic substances in the water. C. toxic substances in the water.

D. salt. D. salt.

E. loss of space.E. loss of space.

Human wastewater entering into bodies of water can be dangerous because

I. It causes a drop in the biological oxygen demand

II. It can lead to cultural eutrophication

III. The wastewater can carry pathogens

A. I only

B. II only

C. III only

D. II and III only

E. I, II, and III

Which developed country only has imported

cases of cholera?

A. country A

B. country B

C. country C

D. country D

E. country E

Which country has no reported cases of

cholera?

A. country A

B. country B

C. country C

D. country D

E. country E

What is the first step of treating wastewater at a municipal sewage treatment plant?

A. Use of bacteria to break down organic matter

B. Solid waste material settles out

C. Disinfection using chlorine or ozone

D. Water is removed from sludge

E. Water undergoes aeration to reduce offensive odors

A country with approximately one sixth of

the world’s population and reported

incidences of cholera is

A. country A

B. country B

C. country C

D. country D

E. country E

Which of the following is a possible end result Which of the following is a possible end result for sludge from a sewage treatment plant?for sludge from a sewage treatment plant?

I. Deposited in a landfillI. Deposited in a landfill

II. IncineratedII. Incinerated

III. Used as a fertilizerIII. Used as a fertilizer

A. I only A. I only

B. II only B. II only

C. III only C. III only

D. I and II only D. I and II only

E. I, II, and IIIE. I, II, and III

The SOThe SO22 emissions emissions

in 2009 are about in 2009 are about

half the amount half the amount

of the emissions ofof the emissions of

A. 1980 A. 1980

B. 1990 B. 1990

C. 2000 C. 2000

D. 2006 D. 2006

E. 2008E. 2008

The highest The highest

concentrations of concentrations of

mercury in 2008 mercury in 2008

are foundare found

A. along the east coast A. along the east coast

B. along the west coast B. along the west coast

C. in the Midwest states C. in the Midwest states

D. in the desert southwest states D. in the desert southwest states

E. along the Gulf of Mexico coastE. along the Gulf of Mexico coast

The term The term subsidencesubsidence refers to refers to

A. failure of the groundwater supply. A. failure of the groundwater supply.

B. accumulation of silt behind a dam. B. accumulation of silt behind a dam.

C. sinking of ground when water has been C. sinking of ground when water has been

withdrawn. withdrawn.

D. intrusion of salt water into a freshwater D. intrusion of salt water into a freshwater

aquifer. aquifer.

E. loss of water due to evaporation.E. loss of water due to evaporation.

The state of The state of

Texas reports Texas reports

Hg concentrations Hg concentrations

betweenbetween

A. 10 and 12 ng/L A. 10 and 12 ng/L

B. 10 and 14 ng/L B. 10 and 14 ng/L

C. 10 and 16 ng/L C. 10 and 16 ng/L

D. 9 and 16 ng/L D. 9 and 16 ng/L

E. 8 and 16 ng/LE. 8 and 16 ng/L

Which of the following is a nonpoint Which of the following is a nonpoint

source of water pollution?source of water pollution?

A. sewage treatment plant A. sewage treatment plant

B. electric power plant B. electric power plant

C. active and inactive coal mines C. active and inactive coal mines

D. logged forest D. logged forest

E. factoriesE. factories

The coastal area The coastal area

most likely to be most likely to be

affected by affected by

mercury in the mercury in the

ocean waters would beocean waters would be

A. the northern Pacific A. the northern Pacific

B. the southern Pacific B. the southern Pacific

C. the Gulf of Mexico C. the Gulf of Mexico

D. the northern Atlantic D. the northern Atlantic

E. the southern AtlanticE. the southern Atlantic

Which pollutant or pollutants are most Which pollutant or pollutants are most

likely to create eutrophic areas?likely to create eutrophic areas?

A. nitrates and phosphates A. nitrates and phosphates

B. synthetic organic compounds B. synthetic organic compounds

C. heavy metals C. heavy metals

D. solid waste D. solid waste

E. pharmaceuticalsE. pharmaceuticals

Methods used to remove spilled oil from the Methods used to remove spilled oil from the surface of the ocean includesurface of the ocean include

I. containment boom and oil vacuumsI. containment boom and oil vacuums

II. chemical dispersantsII. chemical dispersants

III. large screensIII. large screens

A. I only A. I only

B. II only B. II only

C. I and II only C. I and II only

D. I and III only D. I and III only

E. I, II, and IIIE. I, II, and III

when did the when did the

Acid Rain Program Acid Rain Program

of the Clean Air of the Clean Air

Act go into effect?Act go into effect?

A. 1980 A. 1980

B. 1990 B. 1990

C. 1995 C. 1995

D. 2000 D. 2000

The material rotating in the North Pacific The material rotating in the North Pacific Gyre can best be described asGyre can best be described as

A. solid waste composed of mostly plastics A. solid waste composed of mostly plastics

B. organic waste dumped from cruiseships B. organic waste dumped from cruiseships

C. medical waste dumped by the United C. medical waste dumped by the United States States

D. coal slag dumped by China D. coal slag dumped by China

E. solid waste from countries without E. solid waste from countries without landfillslandfills

The Federal Water Pollution control Act of The Federal Water Pollution control Act of

1948 was the precursor legislation to the1948 was the precursor legislation to the

A. Endangered Species Act A. Endangered Species Act

B. Clean Air Act B. Clean Air Act

C. Clean Water Act C. Clean Water Act

D. Cradle to Grave Legislation D. Cradle to Grave Legislation

E. Superfund ActE. Superfund Act

Throughout the world, the Throughout the world, the mostmost water is water is

used forused for

A. irrigation. A. irrigation.

B. industrial processes. B. industrial processes.

C. needs of animals and humans. C. needs of animals and humans.

D. transportation. D. transportation.

E. cooling towers of power plants.E. cooling towers of power plants.

It can be interpreted It can be interpreted

from the graph that from the graph that

the greatest the greatest

environmental environmental

threat due to acid threat due to acid

deposition most likely deposition most likely

occurredoccurred

A. In the 1980s A. In the 1980s

B. In the 1990s B. In the 1990s

C. From 2000 to 2005 C. From 2000 to 2005

D. From 2005 to present D. From 2005 to present

The largest use of water in the The largest use of water in the westernwestern

United States isUnited States is

A. energy production. A. energy production.

B. cooling. B. cooling.

C. irrigation. C. irrigation.

D. hosing down livestock pens. D. hosing down livestock pens.

E. manufacturing.E. manufacturing.

DamsDams

A. are relatively inexpensive to build. A. are relatively inexpensive to build.

B. destroy agricultural land and scenic B. destroy agricultural land and scenic

areas. areas.

C. facilitate migration of fish. C. facilitate migration of fish.

D. provide downstream areas with nutrients. D. provide downstream areas with nutrients.

E. prevent flooding.E. prevent flooding.

Which lake has the

least maximum

depth?

A. Lake Superior

B. the Caspian Sea

C. Lake Tanganyika

D. Lake Baikal

E. Lake Victoria

One class of pollutants that can cause One class of pollutants that can cause

excessive growth of algae isexcessive growth of algae is

A. radioactive substances. A. radioactive substances.

B. oxygen-demanding wastes. B. oxygen-demanding wastes.

C. inorganic plant nutrients. C. inorganic plant nutrients.

D. organic chemicals. D. organic chemicals.

E. sediment.E. sediment.

The leading nonpoint source of water

pollution is

A. municipal landfills.

B. runoff from city streets and storm sewers.

C. agriculture.

D. industrial wastes.

E. leaks from offshore oil wells.

The only effective way to protect

groundwater is to

A. prevent contamination.

B. use monitoring wells.

C. cover all wells carefully.

D. treat all water from underground

sources.

E. using advanced sewage treatment.