• We learn by listening to Nature and by doing experiments—our inheritance from Galileo, Newton, and others. In fact, Galileo called his experiments cimenti—trials by ordeal

• The seventeenth-century gentlemen who founded the Royal Society of London took as their motto

• Nullius in verba—“Don’t take anyone’s word for anything!”

Science fields

• The suffix ‘–ology’ means the study of the subject.

• Geology• Biology• Astronomy• Anthropology• Ecology• Etc. Etc. Etc.

• Some scientist found in what we are studying this year.– Geologists– Astronomers– Oceanographers– Meteorologists– Environmental Scientists– Physicists

• What do scientist do?– They ask questions. How so?

• How they go about answering these questions is a process called the scientific method.

• What steps are involved in the scientific method?– Ask a question– Form a hypothesis– Design the experiment

• Procedures• Materials• Variables

– Dependent-changes because you changed the Independent.

– Independent (manipulated) the one you change

– Control

– Conduct the experiment• Observe and Record Data

– Analyze Data– Conclusion– Communicate Results

• Seven steps in OUR scientific method

Vocabulary

• Hypothesis- An educated guess

• Theory-Is accepted fact, it can’t be proven by experimentation. But experiments have been done to rule out all other possibilities we can think of.

• Law- a theory that has been proven

• Scientist must always be mindful of their Responsibility, Bias, and Ethics.

RESPONSIBILITY

Scientists work for the good of humanity, no matter what their chosen discipline. Academically, scientists are "responsible" for understanding the scope of a problem or area of research so that they can formulate new and useful questions. From those questions, they design and execute a research studies to get answers (or more accurately, test a hypothesis using the scientific method).

BIAS

• One of the most common arguments against a scientific finding is confirmation bias: the scientist or scientists only look for data that confirms a desired conclusion.

ETHICS

• In science, as in all professions, some people try to cheat the system.

• Avoid misrepresentations, be honest. Give credit where credit is due.

• Science changes the way we see ourselves, and our world.

Video

Symbols

• What do you think these symbols mean?

• Credits

• http://morrisonlabs.com/labsafegood.htm

Equipment

Measurement

• We all measure things, especially scientists.

• In Science we use the Metric System not the Standard Units (Inches, Feet, Miles, Pounds, etc.) of measurement.

• Here

HERE

Kids have Dropped Over

Dead Converting Metrics !!!

• Kids -Kilo

• Have -Hecta

• Dropped -Deca

• Over -Base Units

• Dead -Deci

• Converting -Centi

• Metrics -Milli

• Base Units

– Meter

– Liter

– Gram

The Metric System Steps ChartKilo

Hecta

Deca

Base

Deci

Centi

Milli

Scale Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin

Water Freezes 32 0 273

Water Boils 212 100 373

• Matter –what everything is made of.

• Mass- a measure of how much matter is present.

• Volume- the space an object takes up.– V= L x W x H– Displacement

• Density- how much mass in a given volume– Density= Mass/Volume

• Weight – measures the pull of gravity on a mass.

• Force- a push or pull

• Gravity- a force that permeates the universe.– Created by an objects mass– More mass means more gravity

– In addition, the closer two objects are the stronger the pull of gravity between them.

• Earth’s gravity pulls at a rate of 9.8 m/s2