Age of Explorations

Name: _______________________ Class: _________ Date: ____________

Motivation for Explorations:

The _____________________ encouraged curiosity and a desire for trade. Islamic empires and the Italians controlled all the _______________________.

o Fall of Constantinople. ______________________________ competing to spread their beliefs.

The Three G’s encouraging explorations:

Gold (money)

God

Glory

Technological Advances:

1200s – impossible for a sea captain to travel 3,000 miles and return.

Trade & cultural diffusion during the Renaissance introduced new navigation techniques to Europeans

1400s New Inventions:

M ___________________ A ______________________________ C ___________________

Technological Advances continued:

Magnetic compass made sailing more accurate Astrolabe used stars to show direction

Caravel:

European shipbuilders built a better ship; The caravel was a strong ship that could travel in the open seas & in shallow water

Caravels had triangular lateen sails that allowed ships to sail against the wind A moveable rudder made the caravel more maneuverable

What was the European Nation that led the way in exploration?

____________________________

Leader in developing and applying sailing innovations.

First to establish trading post along the West coast of Africa.

Prince Henry:

First Portugal royalty to begin explorations.

1419 – founded a _________________________ on the southwestern coast of Portugal.

- mapmakers, instrument makers, shipbuilders, scientist, and sea captains perfected their trade.

Due to Henry, they will begin to explore the ______________________.

Prince Henry the Navigator

Portugal reaches Asia:

Who was the first European to reach the Southern tip of Africa?

Who was the first European to reach India through a sea route?

Trading empires in the Indian Ocean:

European nations scrambled to establish profitable trading outposts along the __________________________________________.

Portugal built trading post along the Indian Ocean.

Portugal Trading Empire:

They were able to bring back goods at a _________________ they would have paid through the Arabs and Italians.

By the 1600’s the rest of Europe had begun to descend upon Asia.

Portuguese lose power:

Dutch and the English began to challenge power over the Indian ocean trade. The Dutch East India Company was richer and more powerful than England’s companies and

were able to drive them out.

Spanish Claims:

Desired a direct route to Asia. 1492 – An Italian sea captain, ________________________ convinced Spain to finance his

journey. October 1492 – reached an island in the Caribbean. His journey increased tensions between ______________________________

Spain vs. Portugal:

1493 – Pope Alexander VI stepped in to try to keep peace and suggested an imaginary line north to south that separated the two empires.

1494 – __________________________, both groups signed the treaty and agreed to abide by it.