French and Russian Absolutism, Enlightenment, &

Revolution!Outcome: Absolutism & Absolute Monarchs

1. Absolutism in Europea. Absolute Monarch: _________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________b. Their goal was to ___________ every aspect of _________ including religionc. Most believed they had ________ __________: belief that ______ created the

monarchy and that the monarch acted as God’s ___________________ on earth.d. An absolute monarch answered only to God, not to his or her _____________e. Over the next few centuries, many absolute monarchs would appear in _________f. Decline of _______________, rise of _________, growth of national kingdoms all

helped to centralize _____________g. Rising ______________ class typically sided with the monarchs

Result: Absolute monarchs would alter Europe’s future and eventually help bring about massive change such as _____________________ and ________________ Revolution.

2. Religious Wars and Power Struggles in Francea. King Henry II of France died in 1559 with four sons; real power behind the throne

was their mother ______________________ b. Religious wars between French __________ & ___________ created chaos in Francec. Huguenots were ____________ ________________d. St. Bartholomew’s Day ______________ of 1572

i. Massacre of ________ to as high as __________ Huguenotsii. Occurred when Huguenot nobles were in Paris attending the marriage of

Catherine de Medicis’ daughter (Catholic) to __________________ (Huguenot)iii. Henry of Navarre _______________

3. Henry of Navarrea. Henry ____________ the ___________ when Catherine and her last son diedb. Henry became the first ruler of the ___________ _____________ in Francec. Many Catholics opposed Henry so he abandoned Protestantism and ______________ d. Henry’s explanation was “________________________________.”e. Declared Huguenots could live in peace in France by created the ________________;

a declaration of ______________ _______________f. He had _____________ the French ______________ to a position of strong powerg. In 1610, a fanatic leaped into Henry’s royal carriage and _____________ him to death

for his ________________ ________________

Constructive Response QuestionSummarize what an absolute

monarch is and provide at least two concrete examples:

Result: Henry had restored the French monarch to a strong position and created one of the most __________________________ in Europe. Even the _______ of __________ today is a member of the Bourbons.4. The Bourbon Dynasty’s Power

a. _______________ (13th) was a ________ king b. He appointed a strong minister to help: ____________________________c. Cardinal Richelieu became, in effect, ___________________d. Richelieu moved against the Huguenots by __________ Huguenot cities to have ____e. He also _________________________ power by having them take down their

fortified castles and used government agents instead of using nobles in bureaucracyf. Richelieu felt the only thing standing in France’s way of becoming the most powerful

country in Europe was the __________ ______ (Spain, Austria, Netherlands, H.R.E.)

5. ___________________ (14th)a. Was ________________ when he became kingb. Richelieu’s successor, Cardinal _____________, had increased taxes and strengthened

the central government which led to anti-Mazarin ________c. During the riots, Louis’s life was ___________; Louis vowed _________d. The noble’s rebellion ___________ for 3 reasons

i. They _____________ each otherii. The government used ____________ _____________

iii. Peasants and townspeople grew ____________ of _____________

6. Louis’s Powera. Louis took total control at __________b. He ___________ the __________ from his councils to strengthen his own _________c. Increased the power of the _______________, or government agents, who collected

taxes and administered justiced. Louis made the nobles _______________ by making them live with him in the palacee. Wanted to make France ____-__________ (Mercantilism: wealth = power) to prevent

wealth from leaving France so they manufactured everything needed in Francef. Louis built _______________, perhaps the biggest and most beautiful palace on earth g. France had ______ million people (more than England or the Dutch)h. The French _______ was far ahead of other states’ in size, training, and weaponry

Palace of Versailles was a castle/palace build for a king and is still one of the largest buildings in the world with 100’s of people that work to tend to the gardens alone.

7. Louis’ Legacya. Louis invaded the _____________ ______________ and gained 12 towns in 1667b. He tried to fight more wars but the rest of Europe _________ _____________ him to

ensure France would not dominate all of Europec. The King of Spain died after ________ ____ _______ to Louis’s 16 year old grandsond. Led to the War of Spanish Succession; fear the Bourbons would ________________e. The Treaty of __________ terms stated that Louis’ grandson could have Spain as long

as France and Spain ___________________f. When Louis died in his bed in 1715, _________ ____________ in Franceg. He had left France a __________ ____________ ____________h. France ranked #1 in Europe in _____, literature, and _________________i. France was the ________ ____________ of Europej. Due to warfare and the palace at Versailles, France was ________________k. ________ over the tax burden of the poor would plague his heirs and lead to _______

Russian Monarchy1. Setting the State

a. ___________: Russian ___________ (from Roman title ___________)b. Russia had been controlled by the _________ and ___________c. Large region that is often ______ and covers _____ time zones

2. Absolute Rulers of Russiaa. ___________ (The Great)

i. Ruled Russia from ______________ii. Conquered much of the territory around ____________

iii. Began to ________________ the Russian governmentiv. Succeeded by son _________ who ruled for 28 years

b. ______________i. Came to throne in 1533 at age _____

ii. Ivan the Great’s ____________iii. At young age, was controlled by ___________ or Russia’s landowning

_____________iv. At age _____ he seized power and had himself crowned ___________v. First Russian to use title Czar ____________

vi. 1547-1560 was “___________ ___________”vii. Bad period began in 1560

1. Wife ____________ dies Accuses boyars of _______________ her2. Organizes _________ _________ force to hunt down and murder

people Ivan considered traitors: dressed in _______ and rode _________ horses

3. Many ___________ by secret police4. Accidentally kills oldest _________ and heir5. Ivan dies _____ years later leaving his weak ________ son to rule

c. __________ the Great and Russiai. ____________ Dynasty begins in 1613

ii. Romanovs strengthened government by passing a _______ code and putting down ________ which paved way for absolute rule of Czar ________ I

iii. Peter the Great is known as one of Russia’s greatest ____________iv. Russia had adopted the ____________ ___________ branch of Christianity

(Western Europe was mostly C__________ or P____________)v. Peter was only ________ when he became sole ruler

vi. Reforms: reduced power of great ___________, recruited men from lower _________ and promoted them with grants of land, ____________ his army

vii. Peter visits western Europe and comes back ready to ____________ Russia1. Introduces ____________- staple part of Russian diet2. Started Russia’s first ____________ and edited first issue3. Raised women’s __________ by having them attend social gatherings4. Ordered nobles to give up traditional clothes for Western __________5. Advanced ____________ by opening a school of navigation and

introducing schools for the ________ and ____________viii. _________________

1. Fought Sweden to gain land on __________ Sea2. Built new ____________ on swampy site3. Would be an important ___________ ________ that would allow

Russia to trade more easily4. _________-_________ died building the city 5. Ordered nobles to leave ____________ and move to new city

d. Catherine the Greati. Daughter of minor ______________ prince

ii. ______ when married to Grand Duke Peter, heir to _____________ throneiii. Peter was ________________ unstableiv. Mere months after her husband became Czar, she had him ________ and

confinedv. Peter conveniently died soon after, ______________?

vi. Sought access to the ____________- fought two wars with Ottoman Turks to get it

vii. Expanded empire into _______________Overall, had impressive reign that added a lot of ___________ to the empire

Result: Peter had introduced ___________ ideas and ____________ the culture and government of Russia with much success. By the time of his death in 1725, Russia was a force to be

_______________ with.

What is this church called?___________________