Web viewWhich of the following BEST demonstrates the relationship between the Aztec religion and their geography?

Grade 8 Social Studies Practice Exam

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ERLC Grade 8 Multiple Choice Exam Development 1March 2008

1. Which of the following BEST demonstrates the relationship between the Aztec religion and their geography?

a. selection of the capital city site b. mountains were close to heavenc. temples were built in mountains

Use the following information to answer questions 2.

Source: Figure 10-16, p. 224 Worldviews: Contact and Change

2. How would Moctezuma MOST LIKELY interpret the information contained in the above image?

a. the Spanish would be powerful alliesb. the Spanish were technologically superiorc. the Spanish would destroy Aztec civilizationd. the Spanish were coming- Moctezuma’s vision

Use the following information to answer question 3.


Source: Image, Our Worldviews, p 234

3. What element of Aztec worldview would provoke the STRONGEST reaction in response to the image?

a. politicalb. religiousc. economic


4. Select the cause and effect which MOST STRONGLY reflects the Spanish rationale for pursuing exploration.

Cause Effecta Ferdinand and Isabella use the

Spanish Inquisition to unite Spain under one religion.

Missionaries wanted to spread their religious beliefs to other cultures.

b Expensive wars depleted Spanish reserves of gold and silver.

Ferdinand and Isabella supported Columbus’s explorations in hopes of finding gold.

c Renaissance learning provided the Spanish with a great understanding of the world.

Spanish explorers wanted to share their superior knowledge with other cultures.


EducationSpanish Aztec

Education was linked with the Catholic church

Most children were provided with an elementary level education

Basic education was provided for children of peasants, with an emphasis on work related skills

Children of wealthy nobles were educated at home and then to university

Daughters of nobles received private lesson in art, music and poetry

Formal education began at age 15 Every child went to school Schooling was free There were two types of schools:

o Calmecac for nobleso Telpochcalli for commoners

Religious training was an important part of education

Only nobles learned to read and write; commoners learned by the spoken word

5. What is INFERENCE can be made about the values of the Spanish and the Aztecs from the above information?

a. Both societies believed that the wealth provided privileges b. The Aztecs believed that quality of life depended on wealthc. The Spanish believed that quality of life depended on wealth


6. Which of the following Aztec practices MOST collided with Spanish worldview?

a. sacrificing humans to the Godsb. capturing prisoners of war as slavesc. expanding territory through conquest

7. How would the Renaissance be BEST defined?

a. the growth and exchange of ideas and knowledge across Europeb. the development of new ideas in astronomy, mathematics and sciencec. a period of time when trade increased between powerful cities and statesd. the rise of imperialism and the development of an expansionist worldview

8. How did thinkers and philosophers influence society’s worldview during the Renaissance?

a. they encouraged citizens to become educatedb. they encouraged citizens to uphold the values of the Churchc. they encouraged citizens to gain experiences that would benefit them individually



Image of a person drawn by Leonardo da Vinci

9. Which element of the above drawing MOST STRONGLY reflects Leonardo da Vinci’s humanist perspective?

a. use of perspective b. study of the human bodyc. development of religious ideas


Use the following maps to answer question 10 and 11.

Trade Routes in Renaissance Europe, Worldviews: Contact and Change p. 44

10. Based on information in the map, identify the geographic element that MOST effected the growth of Italian city-states.

a. Mediterranean location allowed for easy contact with Africa and Asiab. Mediterranean location allowed for easy contact with European nationsc. Mediterranean location allowed for exchange of ideas with other cultures

11. Which of the following conclusions is BEST supported by the map?

a. Renaissance Europe developed a wide-ranging trade systemb. Most trade in Renaissance Europe was carried on sea routesc. Renaissance Europe traded mostly in exotic items from Asia

12. From the perspective of a leader, what would be a potential DISADVANTAGE to the development of the printing press?

a. the cost of the invention would be too high for the state b. most of the population was illiterate and would not benefitc. the spread of knowledge may have threatened their authority


Use the following cartoon to answer question 13.

Napoleon, Emperor of France, and William Pitt, a British Prime Minister carve up the world.

13. Though this cartoon describes events that occurred two centuries after the Renaissance ended, which element Renaissance worldview reflected as the two leaders carve up the world?

a. Humanismb. Mercantilismc. Expansionism


Source: Cortés quote, top of p 222, Contact and Change

14. According to Cortés, what is the STRONGEST reason for pursuing exploration?

a. gloryb. wealthc. victory


Use the following chart to answer question 15.

Worldviews: Contact and Change, p 81


15. Based on the chart on the previous page, what would the BEST thesis statement for an essay?

a. As they developed new knowledge, early astronomers worked cooperatively to develop new theoriesb. As they developed new knowledge, astronomers were dependent upon theories developed by previous astronomers.c. As they developed new knowledge, astronomers worked together to disprove the geocentric theory of the universe.


Quote by Petrarch, Worldviews: Contact and Change, p 63

16. How does the quote by Francesco Petrarch exemplify the definition of the Renaissance period?

a. Classical teachings formed the foundation of Renaissance thought b. Renaissance teachings were directly inherited from the classical pastc. Classical teachings were regarded as a poor being of the Renaissance

17. Identify how the rise of the middle class during the Renaissance is an example of humanism.

a. The rise of the middle class was based on the ideals of trade and commerceb. The rise of the middle class demonstrated it no longer required a feudal lordc. The rise of the middle class demonstrated the power of a motivated individual


Use the following maps to answer question 18.


Figure 2-2, Map of Silk Road, Contact and Change, p 40 [http://www.globaled.org/chinaproject/silkRoad/docs/mapGeography.html]

18. Identify which is NOT a geographical barrier that would have been faced by traders traveling along the Silk Road?

a. desert regionsb. mountainous regionsc. lack of willing guides

19. Which of the following is TRUE of Aztec civilization prior to contact with the Spanish?

a. the Aztecs valued a democratic form of governmentb. they valued and respected the beliefs of other neighboring culturesc. the Aztecs viewed themselves as divinely appointed as the centre of the universe


http://www.globaled.org/chinaproject/silkRoad/docs/mapGeography.html

Use the following sources to answer question 20.

Worldviews: Contact and Change, Figure 1-20, p 35

Worldviews: Contact and Change, Figure 12-5, p 263


20. Which of the following conclusions BEST supports how the European and Japanese mapmakers placed the nations on the maps?

a. both mapmakers placed their own nations in the centre of their maps b. both mapmakers were clearly aware of the size and shape of all the continentsc. Japanese mapmakers were more aware of the geography of North American than the Europeansd. European mapmakers had more accurate devices for creating their maps than did the Japanese mapmakers

21. Which of the following statements describes the GREATEST advantage of Japan’s location in shaping its worldview during the Edo period?

a. the location protected Japan from foreign invadersb. the location made trade with other nations more difficultc. the location provided resources to sustain Japan’s populationd. the location allowed Japan to close off itself from foreign influences

22. What was the Shogun’s primary interest in passing the National Seclusion Policy?

a. concern over threats to his centralized powerb. stop Western attempts to seize control of Japanc. distrust of Christianity by followers of Confucius


Activities of the Renaissance Catholic Church

I. Monasteries preserved books and became centres of learningII. Priests and nuns would often care for the sick, the poor and the hungryIII. The Church made money by collecting indulgences for forgiveness of sins

23. Which of the above activities would be MOST criticized by someone with a HUMANIST worldview?

a) Activity Ib) Activity IIc) Activity III


Use the following map to answer questions 24 and 25.

Extent of Japan’s borders by date

Worldviews: Contact and Change TR, p 583

24. Determine which conclusion that can be drawn from the above map?

a. Japan’s policy of isolation continued during the Meiji Restoration.b. During the Meiji Restoration, Japan adopted a policy of imperialism and expansion.c. During the Meiji Restoration, Japan cooperated with China to resist Western influence.d. Japan’s ability to expand was limited by the lack of a Western-style military.

25. How would the events shown on the map been viewed by a SUPPORTER of the Shogun in the Edo era?

a. they would be viewed positively since Japan gained a great deal of territoryb. they would be view negatively since violence was often used to gain the new territoryc. they would be viewed positively since Japan could learn new traditions from other culturesd. they would be viewed negatively since Japanese traditions would be threatened

by exposure to outside influences.


Use the following information to answer questions 26 and 27.

Worldviews: Contact and Change TR, p 641

26. Which question BEST describes the issue being discussed by ALL the speakers?

a) To what extent should Japan adopt a policy of imperialism?b) How should Japan respond to contact with influences from outside its

borders?c) How should the leaders of Japan ensure that they have the power

needed to govern Japan?

27. In which of the following choices is one of the above speakers CORRECTLY identified?

a. Speaker 1 – a supporter of Western governmentb. Speaker 2 – a supporter of the traditions of Edo Japanc. Speaker 3 – an American opponent of trade with Japand. Speaker 4 – a supporter of the former Shogun’s policies



Virtues of the Ideal Citizen, Contact and Change, p 187

28. What would be the MOST APPROPRIATE inquiry question based on this year’s Social Studies classes to emerge from this information?

a. How the Aztec worldview contribute to the Spanish victory?b. Did Aztec mothers and fathers instill these values in their children?c. Why the Aztecs insist upon absolute loyalty to the Emperor and priests?

29. Identify the comparison between Aztec and Spanish civilizations that is MOST VALID.

a. the Spanish and Aztecs shared similar religious beliefs b. the Spanish and Aztecs valued equality of males and femalesc. the Spanish and Aztecs shared a form of hierarchical government



Moctezuma’s welcome of Cortes, Contact and Change, p 231

30. Which statement is TRUE about how the Moctezuma viewed the coming of Cortes based on the reading?

a. The Aztecs feared the strength and weapons of the Spanish.b. The Aztecs considered the possibility that this was an omen.c. The Aztecs needed to take time to consider a course of action.

31. Which of the following is TRUE of Aztec civilization before contact with Spain?

a. The rights of the individual were maintainedb. The Aztecs dominated the cultures around themc. The feudal system was a dominant part of their culture


Use the following images to answer question 32.


32. Based on the two previous images`, what would be the MOST appropriate research question for a class project?

a. How did outside influences affect Japanese isolationism?b. How did Western values affect the Japanese political system?c. How did westernization influence Japanese culture and industry?d. How did the borrowing of Western economic and political ideas impact the Japanese?

Use the following ideas to answer question 33.

1. Faith in human reason.2. Dependence on technology.3. Criticisms of religious authority.4. Diversity of art forms including painting, architecture and sculpture.5. Peoples’ beliefs are shaken by the plague.

33. Which of the following combinations BEST describes the factors that make the Renaissance worldview unique?

a) 1, 2, 5b) 2, 3, 4c) 1, 3, 4

Use the following quote to answer question 34.

“In actions of all men, especially princes, where there is no recourse to justice, the end is all that counts. A prince should only be concerned with conquering or maintaining a state…”

34. Which of the following figures would MOST DISAGREE with the above words of Machiavelli?

a) Rembrandt, a humanist painterb) Galileo, a scientist who was persecuted for his theoriesc) Cosimo de Medici, leader of Florence and supporter of the arts



Contact and Change: quotes on p 61

35. Which of the following BEST describes the impact these three philosophers had on society?

a) Educating the “whole child” is importantb) The importance of learning from ancient philosophers c) With learning, knowledge and reason people can achieve great things

36. Which of the following descriptions BEST defines the Renaissance period?

a) A period of time following the feudal system of the Middle Ages.b) A period of time when populations throughout Europe became more urbanized.c) A period of time when there was a rebirth of classical knowledge and learning in

Europe.


Use the following reading to answer question 37.

The Church held the belief that the earth was the centre of the universe and that the sun did in fact rotate around our planet. However, there were thinkers who challenged this idea through their scientific observations. Nicolaus Copernicus believed that the earth is a planet that moves around the stationary sun. However, Johannes Kepler believed that planets traveled in an oval orbit and not in perfect circles as Copernicus believed. Galileo Galilei confirmed Copernicus’s idea of a sun centered universe and believed that the earth did in fact rotate around the sun.

37. Which of the following statements is the STRONGEST inference that can be supported by the above reading?

a) People were beginning to challenge the authority of the Catholic Churchb) Thinkers began to question their world and each other, creating new ideasc) Contact with other cultures provided thinkers with new ideas to work with

38. Determine the MOST significant effect the development of the printing press had on the growth of the Renaissance?

a) Decreased time and cost to reproduce booksb) Increased people’s willingness to explore ideasc) Increased the availability of knowledge and ideas

39. Identify the element of Spanish worldview that MOST contributed to Spanish imperialism.

a. desire for gloryb. belief in their cultural superiorityc. desire to convert others to Catholicism

40. Using your knowledge of Aztec culture, theorize which of the following factors MOST LIKELY contributed to their downfall.

a. Aztec belief in the power of omens and fateb. Aztecs warriors did not have powerful weaponsc. Aztec religion was weakened by Spanish humanism


41. The story of the 47 ronin is most used to illustrate the importance in Japanese culture of the values of

a) military service and obedienceb) duty and honourc) revenge and powerd) harmony and peace

42. The samurai, the daimyo and the shogun all share the common experience of

a) loss of social status after the end of Edo Japanb) increase in political power during the Meiji Restorationc) decrease in economic wealth during the Edo periodd) gain in social influence during the Meiji Restoration


43. Compare the paintings to determine the MOST APPROPRIATE effect with the cause.

Cause Effecta Development of

HumanismArtists create realistic images that bring the religious world into the human world

b Development of Imperialism

Artists impose their beliefs and cultural ideas on the people through art

c Development of Humanism

Artists demonstrate that they want to ensure the religious values of the people are enforced


44. Identify the geographic element that MOST influenced Japan’s worldview.

a. isolation lawsb. Japan as an island nationc. protection from the ocean


45. What would be the STRONGEST inquiry question for the sources?

a. Why are Japan’s cities located where they are?b. How would Japan’s geography protect it from external threats?c. What would be the effect of Japan’s landscape on political policies?


Use the following information to answer question 46 and 47.

Significant Factors

I The inability of the government to deal with widespread famineII Lack of mobility between classes in Japanese societyIII Increased trade with different groups outside of JapanIV Fear of Western ideas and technology

46. Which OUTCOMES would the above factors BEST represent?

a. Isolation in the Edo Periodb. Adaptation in the Meiji Periodc. Expansionism in the Edo Period

47. The above factors had the GREATEST impact on which element of worldview?

a. cultureb. social systemsc. political and economic systems

48. Identify the geographic problem that faced the Japanese during the Edo era and how they solved it.

Geographic Problem SolutionA Daimyos needed to travel Edo

every second yearBuilt roads that led to the capital

B Fishing was an essential part of the economy

Built harbours to sell the daily catch

C Japan had many rivers Built boats to use as transportation


Use the following information to answer question 49 and 50.

Speaker IWesterners do not respect us for adopting their styles, they laugh at us. What we need to do in Japan is to stop this mad rush to become just like the West; we need to look closely at what the West has to offer, then take the best features and adapt them to our Japanese ways.

Speaker IIThe Shogun must remain strong in order to ensure that harmony, security and respect for tradition continue in Japan as they always have. The Exclusion Laws will guarantee the protection of Japanese culture from foreign contamination.

Speaker IIIThe compulsory seclusion of the Japanese is a wrong, not only to themselves but to the civilized world… The Japanese undoubtedly have an exclusive right to the possession of their territory; but they must not abuse that right to the extent of the barring of all other nations from a participation in its riches and virtues.

49. Which BEST describes the issue being discussed by ALL the speakers?

a) To what extent should Japan adopt a policy of imperialism?b) How should Japan respond to contact with influences from outside its borders?c) How should the leaders of Japan ensure that they have the power needed to govern Japan?

50. Identify the option which CORRECTLY links the speaker with their position in society.

a) Speaker I – a supporter of a Western governmentb) Speaker II – a supporter of the traditions of Edo Japanc) Speaker III – an American opponent of trade with Japan


Use the following image to answer question 51.

Source: image of Japanese ladies in a boat from www.art-in-japan.blogspot.com/2007_05_01_archive.html

51. What does the change in how the ladies dressed MOST demonstrate?

a) acceptance of Westernizationb) desire to remain true to their culturec) encouragement for people to use new products

52. What was the STRONGEST element of Spanish worldview that EXPLORERS used to convince the monarch to support imperialism?

a. religious superiorityb. acquisition of wealthc. glory for the country


http://www.art-in-japan.blogspot.com/2007_05_01_archive.html

53. You have just completed writing a book about why the Spaniards were successful in their conquest of the Aztecs. Which book title BEST represents your ideas?

a. The Power of Goldb. Guns, Germs and Steelc. In the Name of the Lord

54. Which Aztec worldview is BEST exemplified by the choices, decisions and customs of the Aztecs?

Aztec Worldview Aztec Choices, Decisions and Customs

a Gods controlled every aspect of their lives

Aztecs determined where they would settle and create their city based on the advice of the Gods

b Importance of clean living Aztecs were expected to keep themselves healthy and were punished if they had poor behaviour

c Good citizenship was important Children were given lessons in how to be a good citizen

55. Which element of Aztec worldview would differ the MOST from the worldview of a Renaissance humanist?

a. religion controls all aspects of your lifeb. great appreciation for all things beautifulc. great interest in astronomical observations

56. Which of the following quotes would Cortes MOST LIKELY agree with based upon The Conquistador’s Formula?

a. “Both were warlike, mercantile, greedy and quick to resort to force.”b. “Almighty God, in whose name war will be waged, will give us victory.” c. “It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity.”

57. Determine the MOST SIGNIFICANT impact of the meeting of the Spanish and the Aztec cultures.

a. Spain’s power continued to expandb. Native cultures were forever changedc. Catholicism spread throughout the world


58. Which examples BEST illustrates how the Aztecs altered their geographic surroundings to improve their lives?

a. built temples and schoolsb. built dams and chinampasc. used herbs to treat common ailments


Research NotesThey strike out the wretched Indians’ chest with flint knives, and hastily tear out the palpitating heart, which, with the blood, they present to the idols.

The Conquest of New Spain by Bernal Diaz

59. You have found the above quote as part of your inquiry about how the Aztecs used sacrifice in their culture. What would you need to be aware of if you used this quote?

a. The author has a similar worldview as the Aztecsb. The author spoke a different language than the Aztecs c. The author has a different perspective from the Aztecs

60. The Spanish and the Aztecs had a fundamental belief difference when they went to war. Which of the following BEST describes this difference?

a. The Spanish and Aztecs needed prisoners to do their workb. The Aztecs wanted the enemy alive to use them in sacrificesc. The Spanish wanted to capture the enemy alive and take them back to Spain


Documents

Web viewWhich of the following BEST demonstrates the relationship between the Aztec religion and their geography?