Week 1 - Part 1 Communication

8/3/2019 Week 1 - Part 1 Communication

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Chapter 24Chapter 24

CommunicationCommunication



Communication and NursingCommunication and Nursing

PracticePractice A lifelong learning process for nurses A lifelong learning process for nurses

An essential attribute of professional An essential attribute of professional

nursing practicenursing practice Builds relationships with clients,Builds relationships with clients,

families, and multidisciplinary teamfamilies, and multidisciplinary team

membersmembers




and Interpersonal Relationshipsand Interpersonal Relationships The means to establish helping andThe means to establish helping and

healing relationships.healing relationships.

The ability to relate to others isThe ability to relate to others isimportant for interpersonalimportant for interpersonalcommunication.communication.

Developing communication skillsDeveloping communication skills

requires both an understanding of therequires both an understanding of thecommunication process and of one¶scommunication process and of one¶sown communication experience.own communication experience.



Levels of CommunicationLevels of Communication

1. Intrapersonal1. Intrapersonal A. One A. One--toto--oneoneinteraction betweeninteraction between

two peopletwo people

2. Interpersonal2. Interpersonal B. Occurs within anB. Occurs within an

individualindividual3. Transpersonal3. Transpersonal C. Interaction with anC. Interaction with an

audienceaudience

4. Small Group4. Small Group D. Interaction within aD. Interaction within a

person¶s spiritualperson¶s spiritualdomaindomain

5. Public5. Public E. Interactions with aE. Interactions with a

small number of small number of

peoplepeople



Basic Elements of theBasic Elements of the

Communication ProcessCommunication Process1. Referent1. Referent A. One who encodes and A. One who encodes and

one who decodes theone who decodes the

messagemessage

2. Sender and2. Sender andreceiver receiver

B. The setting for sender B. The setting for sender--receiver interactionsreceiver interactions

3. Message3. Message C. Message the receiver C. Message the receiver

returnsreturns

4. Channels4. Channels D. Motivates one toD. Motivates one tocommunicate withcommunicate with

another another

5. Feedback5. Feedback E. Means of conveyingE. Means of conveying

and receiving messagesand receiving messages



Forms of CommunicationForms of Communication

VerbalVerbal

± ± VocabularyVocabulary

± ± Denotative and connotative meaningDenotative and connotative meaning ± ± PacingPacing

± ± IntonationIntonation

± ± Clarity and brevityClarity and brevity

± ± Timing and relevanceTiming and relevance



Nonverbal CommunicationNonverbal Communication

Personal appearancePersonal appearance

Posture and gaitPosture and gait

Facial expressionsFacial expressions Eye contactEye contact

GesturesGestures

SoundsSounds

Territoriality and personal spaceTerritoriality and personal space



SymbolicSymbolic

± ± The verbal andThe verbal and

nonverbalnonverbal

symbolism used bysymbolism used byothers to convey aothers to convey a

meaningmeaning

MetacommunicationMetacommunication

± ± A broad term that A broad term that

refers to all factorsrefers to all factors

that influencethat influencecommunicationcommunication

Other Forms of Other Forms of




Professional NursingProfessional Nursing

RelationshipsRelationships NurseNurse--client helping relationshipsclient helping relationships

NurseNurse--family relationshipsfamily relationships

NurseNurse--health team relationshipshealth team relationships NurseNurse--community relationshipscommunity relationships



Elements of ProfessionalElements of Professional

CommunicationCommunication Appearance, Appearance,

demeanor, anddemeanor, and

behavior behavior

CourtesyCourtesy

Use of namesUse of names TrustworthinessTrustworthiness

Autonomy and Autonomy andresponsibilityresponsibility

Assertiveness Assertiveness



Communication WithinCommunication Within

the Nursing Processthe Nursing Process Assessment Assessment

± ± Physical and emotional factorsPhysical and emotional factors

± ± Developmental factorsDevelopmental factors ± ± Sociocultural factorsSociocultural factors

± ± Gender Gender




ProcessProcess DiagnosisDiagnosis

± ± Many clients experience difficulty withMany clients experience difficulty with

communicationcommunication

Lacking skills in attending, listening,Lacking skills in attending, listening,

responding, or responding, or

self self-- expressionexpression

Inability to articulate, inappropriateInability to articulate, inappropriate

verbalizationverbalization

Difficulty forming wordsDifficulty forming words

Difficulty with comprehensionDifficulty with comprehension






ProcessProcess Implementation:Implementation:

± ± Therapeutic communication techniquesTherapeutic communication techniques

± ± Nontherapeutic communication techniquesNontherapeutic communication techniques ± ± Adapting communication techniques Adapting communication techniques




ProcessProcess Evaluation:Evaluation:

± ± Nurses and clients need to determineNurses and clients need to determine

whether the plan of care has beenwhether the plan of care has been

successful.successful.

± ± Nursing interventions are evaluated toNursing interventions are evaluated to

determine which strategies or interventionsdetermine which strategies or interventions

were effective.were effective. ± ± If expected outcomes are not met, the planIf expected outcomes are not met, the plan

of care needs to be modified.of care needs to be modified.

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Week 1 - Part 1 Communication