Haas, SMV projections

SKULLcranial bones, facial bones

cranial bonesskull cap (calvarium)cranial base (cranial floor)

8 cranial bonesname the bonesname landmarks on each bonename articulation's with each bone

Special Attention to Temporal Boneorgans of hearing and balance

sections of earexternalmiddleinner membranous osseous

SKULL MORPHOLOGYskull types

mesocephalic-mediumbrachycephalic-broaddolichocephalic-narrow

Know Degrees of petrous ridge and sagittal plane

SKULL TOPOGRAPHYKnow all palpable landmarks

iniongonionglabellanasionouter canthusinner canthusacanthionsupercilliary archesmental pointTEAEAMaveolar processwidest part of skullSOMare there more?

Know all positioning planes:MSPOML-radiographic baselineIMOLGALGMLAMLMMLIPLMCP

TEMPORAL BONEanatomyorgans of hearing and balanceexternal ear

auricle, tragus, EAMmiddle ear

tympanic membrane, attic, cavity, auditory tube (Eustachian), passage to nasopharynx, auditory ossicles, communicationpathways

inner earmembranous labyrinth

osseous labyrinth cochlea, vestibule, semi-circular canals

pathologyotosclerosisacoustic neuromacholeasteaoma

9

CR 25 degrees cephalad entering 1 1/2 “ below occipital protuberance.

CR exits 1 ½” superior to nasion

11

13

CR enters the MSP of the throat between angles of mandible

Passes through a point ¾”anterior to EAMS.

14

Adequate penetration of cranial base

Equal distance from lateral border of skull to condyles

SI of mental protuberance over anterior frontal bone

Condyles anterior to petrous ridges

Symmetric petrosa

15

21

Adequate penetration of cranial base

Equal distance from lateral border of skull to condyles

SI of mental protuberance over anterior frontal bone

Condlyes anterior to petrous ridges

Symmetric petrosae

22

Skull fractures

o Linearo Depressedo Basal skull

Gunshot wounds

Pituitary Adenomas

Subdural hematoma

Neoplasmso Metastases

• Osteolytic• Osteoblastic• Combo of both

Multiple myeloma

Paget’s Disease

Acoustic neuroma

Skull fractures•Basal Skull Fx: suggested by air fluid level in sphenoid sinus, bleeding from ear or presence of CSF•Linear-Sharp translucent line, may be straight or angled, may cross vascular grooves and cause sutural widening.•Depressed- may have curvilinear dense edges, serious, may require tangential projections

• ping pong fx-usually found in children, similar to greenstick