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WESTERN REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTERMUMBAI
SCADA - CommunicationAbhimanyu Gartia
DY GENERAL Manager
COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SCADAREQUIREMENTS FOR SCADA
Communication media should have:Communication media should have: * High Reliability* High Reliability * High Availability* High Availability * Rapid Response* Rapid Response * Transparency* Transparency * Economy* Economy * Flexibility* Flexibility * Maintainability* Maintainability
Load Despatching Facilities in India
SLDC AP
WRLDC
NLDC Main
NRLDC
Sub LDC C Sub LDC W
VSAT Commn
PG FO Comn
Sub LDC V
NLDC Backup
SRLDC ERLDC NERLDC
SLDC KAR SLDC AS SLDC TR
10 Sec
2 Sec
2 Sec
10 Sec
New Delhi Katwariasarai
Kalcutta Golf Course Road
ULDC Commn
RTU C RTU XRTU A
RTU X
KPTCL ABB
RTU A
• 31 SLDCs, 5 RLDCs, 1+1 NLDC• Wideband speech and data
communication• Common database in SLDC/RLDC
Complete SolutionComplete Solution
WS
Historian
InternetInternet
Firewall
Corporate LAN
DMS/SCADAOtherSystems
Router/Firewall
Industrial Defender Guard
PERIMETERPROTECTION
Industrial Defender Console
MONITORING, REPORTING, DATA GATHERING AND DATA ARCHIVING FROM EVERY SECURITY SYSTEM COMPONENT
Industrial Defender NIDS
Industrial Defender HIDS/RHIDSRemote
HMI
Test/QA
HOST SECURITY AND PERFORMANCE MONITORING
•Security Audit•System Design•Installation•Commissioning•Life Cycle Support
NETWORK SECURITY AND PERFORMANCE MONITORING
(Industrial IDS Rules)
Secure Access to Secure Access to Electrical SubstationsElectrical Substations
POSSIBLE COMMUNICATIONPOSSIBLE COMMUNICATION
Data on different ProtocolData on different Protocol IEC 60870-5-101IEC 60870-5-101 IEC 60870-5-104IEC 60870-5-104 IEC 61850IEC 61850 ModbusModbus OPC serverOPC server
IT interfaceIT interface Scheduling Scheduling Data wear housingData wear housing Web interfaceWeb interface PMU interfacePMU interface
Complete SolutionComplete Solution
WS
Historian
InternetInternet
Firewall
Corporate LAN
DMS/SCADAOtherSystems
Router/Firewall
Industrial Defender Guard
PERIMETERPROTECTION
Industrial Defender Console
MONITORING, REPORTING, DATA GATHERING AND DATA ARCHIVING FROM EVERY SECURITY SYSTEM COMPONENT
Industrial Defender NIDS
Industrial Defender HIDS/RHIDSRemote
HMI
Test/QA
HOST SECURITY AND PERFORMANCE MONITORING
•Security Audit•System Design•Installation•Commissioning•Life Cycle Support
NETWORK SECURITY AND PERFORMANCE MONITORING
(Industrial IDS Rules)
Secure Access to Secure Access to Electrical SubstationsElectrical Substations
Scan CyclesScan Cycles All the analog data are scanned every All the analog data are scanned every
10/12 seconds10/12 seconds Status information are reported by Status information are reported by
exceptionexception All status information are scanned for All status information are scanned for
integrity check every 10 minutesintegrity check every 10 minutes The SOE datas are time stamped at 1 ms The SOE datas are time stamped at 1 ms
resolution resolution Time synchronisation is done every 10 Time synchronisation is done every 10
minutesminutes
Modes of CommunicationModes of Communication
PLCC Leased Telephone circuits Microwave Communication Fibre Optics Communication Satellite Communication
PLCCPLCC High voltage lines themselves are used as High voltage lines themselves are used as
communication links.communication links. Carrier Frequency: 50-300 KHz.Carrier Frequency: 50-300 KHz. 3 channels are used generally:3 channels are used generally: Main-Channel ->Main-Channel -> speech channel – 300 Hz to 2000 Hzspeech channel – 300 Hz to 2000 Hz Telemetring- 2000 Hz to 3400 HzTelemetring- 2000 Hz to 3400 Hz
Protection-Channel-I ->Protection-Channel-I -> speech channel – 300 Hz to 2000 Hzspeech channel – 300 Hz to 2000 Hz Teleprotection- 2000 Hz to 3400 HzTeleprotection- 2000 Hz to 3400 Hz
Protection-Channel-II (Backup-Protection)->Protection-Channel-II (Backup-Protection)-> speech channel – 300 Hz to 2000 Hzspeech channel – 300 Hz to 2000 Hz Teleprotection- 2000 Hz to 3400 HzTeleprotection- 2000 Hz to 3400 Hz
PLCCPLCCAdvantages:Advantages:1.1. High reliabilityHigh reliability2.2. All channels are available for dedicated use by All channels are available for dedicated use by
power-utility alonepower-utility aloneDisadvantages:Disadvantages:1.1. Cost of insulating communication equipment is Cost of insulating communication equipment is
highhigh2.2. High noise level due to CoronaHigh noise level due to Corona3.3. High speed data-transfer not possible because High speed data-transfer not possible because
of of Bandwidth limitations.Bandwidth limitations.
Applications of PLCCApplications of PLCC Voice CommunicationVoice Communication Fascimile TransmissionFascimile Transmission Tele-ProtectionTele-Protection Tele-MeteringTele-Metering
Types of CouplingsTypes of Couplings
3 coupling schemes to couple voice, 3 coupling schemes to couple voice, fax, tele-protection and tele-metering fax, tele-protection and tele-metering to the high-voltage transmission line:to the high-voltage transmission line:
Phase-to-Ground Coupling
Phase-to-Phase Coupling
Inter-Line Coupling
STATION-B
PLCC PANELS
STATION-A
LMU
ESLADC
CC
WT
PLCC PANELS
ESLADC
CC
WT
PHASE-TO-GROUND COUPLING
ES=Earth Switch DC=Drainage Coil WT=Wave Trap
LA=Lightening Arrester LMU=Line Matching Unit CC=Coupling capacitor
STATION-B
PLCC PANELS
STATION-A
LMU
ESLADC
CC
WT
PLCC PANELS
ESLADC
CC
WT
PHASE-TO-PHASE COUPLING
ES=Earth Switch DC=Drainage Coil WT=Wave Trap
LA=Lightening Arrester LMU=Line Matching Unit CC=Coupling capacitor
BT=Balancing Transformer
WT
LMU
BT BT
LMU LMU
CC
WT
CC
STATION-B
PLCC PANELS
STATION-A
LMU
ESLADC
CC
WT
PLCC PANELS
ESLADC
CC
WT
INTER-LINE COUPLING
ES=Earth Switch DC=Drainage Coil WT=Wave Trap
LA=Lightening Arrester LMU=Line Matching Unit CC=Coupling capacitor BT=Balancing Transformer
LMU
BT BT
LMU LMU
CCCC
Microwave CommunicationMicrowave Communication
Line-of-sight communicationLine-of-sight communication Requires repeaters at 50-60 kms. IntervalsRequires repeaters at 50-60 kms. Intervals Provides sufficient bandwidth to meet the needs of Provides sufficient bandwidth to meet the needs of
power utilitypower utility Higher availability than PLCC, availablity not affected Higher availability than PLCC, availablity not affected
by maintenance or faults on the power linesby maintenance or faults on the power lines Suffers from multipath-fading effectSuffers from multipath-fading effect In India, WPC (wireless planning & co-ordination) In India, WPC (wireless planning & co-ordination)
wing has assigned 2.3-2.5 GHz and 2.8-5 GHz bands wing has assigned 2.3-2.5 GHz and 2.8-5 GHz bands to power sector usage.to power sector usage.
Digital Microwave Systems
Leased Telephone CircuitsLeased Telephone Circuits•Simple solution, no need to develop own dedicated communication facility by power utility
•Availability of this mode of communication at remotely located substations is the deciding factor
Fiber-Optic CommunicationFiber-Optic Communication Fiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting Fiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting
information from one place to another by sending light through information from one place to another by sending light through an optical fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave an optical fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry informationthat is modulated to carry information
• The process of communicating using fiber-optics involves the following basic steps: Creating the optical signal using a transmitter Relaying the signal along the fiber, ensuring that the signal does not become too distorted or weak Receiving the optical signal and converting it into an electrical signal
Analog/DigitalInterface
Voltage toCurrent
converter
LightSource
Source toFiber
Interface
Fiber toLight
Detector Interface
LightDetector
Current toVoltage
converter
Analog/DigitalInterface
OUTPUT
INPUT
Optical Fiber
Fiber Optic CommunicationFiber Optic Communication Advantages:Advantages: The ability to carry much more information and deliver it with greater The ability to carry much more information and deliver it with greater
fidelity than either copper wire or coaxial cable.fidelity than either copper wire or coaxial cable.
Fiber optic cable can support much higher data rates, and at greater Fiber optic cable can support much higher data rates, and at greater
distancesdistances The fiber is totally immune to virtually all kinds of interference, The fiber is totally immune to virtually all kinds of interference,
including lightning, and will not conduct electricity. It can therefore including lightning, and will not conduct electricity. It can therefore come in direct contact with high voltage electrical equipment and come in direct contact with high voltage electrical equipment and power lines. power lines.
POWERGRID POWERGRID uses overhead fiber optic communication:uses overhead fiber optic communication:
OPGWOPGW (optical ground wire cable) (optical ground wire cable)
ADSSADSS (all dielectric self supporting cable) (all dielectric self supporting cable)
WRAP AROUNDWRAP AROUND
Fibre Optic Systems
OPGW
FODP OLTE
ADD DROP MUX2 MB/S
MICROWAVE RADIO TERMINAL
2 MB/S
INTEGRATION OF DIGITAL & ANALOG NETWORKS
PLCC
VOICE CARD
DATA CARD
OPGWOPGW
OPGW (optical ground wire) OPGW (optical ground wire) replaces shield wiresreplaces shield wires
• • Provides lightning protectionProvides lightning protection• • Provides communicationProvides communication• • Lightning short circuit damageLightning short circuit damage• • Installation requires long term Installation requires long term
outageoutage• • ExpensiveExpensive• • Superior performanceSuperior performance
ADSS F.OADSS F.O
ADSS (all dielectric self supporting) whichADSS (all dielectric self supporting) which
is mounted at various locations, typically 3is mounted at various locations, typically 3
to 10 meters below the phase conductorsto 10 meters below the phase conductors.. ADSS costs less than OPGWADSS costs less than OPGW Higher fiber count than Wrap type.Higher fiber count than Wrap type. Can be installed on towers not designed for Can be installed on towers not designed for
shield wires.shield wires. Suitable for hot line installationSuitable for hot line installation
WRAP AROUND F.OWRAP AROUND F.O
Wrap-type which is wound around Wrap-type which is wound around shield wires and, in some shield wires and, in some instances, around energized instances, around energized conductorsconductors
Hot-line installation is difficultHot-line installation is difficult Cost more than ADSS, but less Cost more than ADSS, but less
than OPGWthan OPGW Need a shield wireNeed a shield wire No operation problem is observedNo operation problem is observed
OPGW
WRAP
ADSS
OVERHEAD CABLES FOR OVERHEAD CABLES FOR POWER UTILITIESPOWER UTILITIES
OPGW ADSS WRAP AROUND
AL STRANDAL COATED STEEL STRAND
AL TUBE
XLPE SHEATH
POLYESTER TAPE
MOISTURE BLOCKING COMPOUND
AERIAL OPTICAL FIBRE CABLES
FIBRESTRENGTH MEMBERS
LOOSE TUBE
AD\AS\RKG\JP\FIBCROSS
FIBRE OPTIC CABLE INSTALLATION
OPGW
WRAP AROUND
ADSS
AD\AS\RKG\JP\FIBINST
SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONSATELLITE COMMUNICATION
A geostationary satellite is A geostationary satellite is used as an active used as an active repeater.repeater.
Modulated signals are Modulated signals are send from earth VSATs in send from earth VSATs in 6 GHz band to the 6 GHz band to the satellite.satellite.
Signals are beamed back Signals are beamed back to earth in 4 GHz band.to earth in 4 GHz band.
Roundtime propagation Roundtime propagation delay of 540ms existsdelay of 540ms exists
Communication is Communication is interrupted during interrupted during eclipses.eclipses.
Lingasugur
Sembatti
Madurai 400
Trichy 400
Paramakudi Samayapuram Madurai North
Kodayar PH2
MaduraiSub LDC
Karaikudi
Tanjore 230
S R PudurPariyar PH
Theni Kayathar E
Sathur
TTPS
Podukotta C
Echengodu
Adanakottai
Peramballur
Kovilvenni
Pugalur
Thiruvarur
Tuticorin Auto
Trichy 230
Chennai Sub-LDC
(NLC TS-I)
Erode Sub-LDC(Erode)
Wideband Channel Routing for Madurai Sub-LDC
OrthonaduSivagangai
Existing RTU – 9 nos.
Existing RTU integrated
New RTUs – 13 nos.
PLCC Link
MW Link
WRLDC Borivalli Vav Haldarwa JambuvaGotriSLDC Asoj
Itarsi
IndoreSub-LDC
ItarsiV’chalKorba STPP
RaipurBhilai-400(SLDC)
Jabalpur-400
Asoj
WRTCC
Indore
Dhule
VindhyanchalChandrapurPhadge
Kal
wa
Tarapur 1&2
Itarsi-220
Bina-400 Bho
pal-
400
Sub
-LD
C
Sat
na-2
20
Kat
ni-2
20
Jaba
lpur
-220
SLDC-Jabalpur
Korba-West
Korba-East
Kalwa
Kawas
Rajgarh
Khandwa
Sipat
Raigarh
Bhatapara
Seoni
Bhilai-220
Vadodara POP
Gandhar
Kakrapar
Dehgam
Tarapur 3&4
Phadge
Bhadrawati
Satna
Bina
Gwalior
VapiBoiser
LEGENDSGreen - ULDC Wideband LinkBLUE - PDT Link
Black - PLCC Link
Main Data PLCC Channel
St. By Data PLCC Channel
Both Main and Std. By Data PLCC Channel
Haldarwa Jambuva Asoj
62 Nos. PLCC Equipment109 Nos. Wideband ULDC Eqpt
MPSEB Sector
CSEB Sector
CSEB Sector
GEB Sector
WR-SC&C Communication system
ILA-387
ILA-174
ILA-311
ILA-194ILA-362 ILA-702ILA-368
KR-13RaipurB’Vati
SEB’s Wideband Equipment and OFC
OPGWU/G – OFC
SLDC GOA
Leased Link
PondaMapusa
ChalakudyT. NorthKozhikode -BKannur-B
Kalamassery
PallomKayamkulamKundraParipallyTrivendrumNorth
VidyuthiBhavanam
RSCC,Bangalore (Udumalpet)
Wideband Routing from Sub-LDC to SLDC,(Kalamassery)COMMUNICATION NETWORK FOR KERALA
MW Link
FO Link