Westward Westward Expansion and Expansion and the American the American

Industrial Industrial RevolutionRevolution

1865 - 19001865 - 1900

IndustrializationIndustrialization

8 Reasons for Industrialization8 Reasons for Industrialization

Abundant Abundant Resources – coal, Resources – coal, iron, steel, lumber, iron, steel, lumber, oil, copperoil, copper

National Market – National Market – more places to more places to buy/sell; beg. Of buy/sell; beg. Of dept. stores; mail dept. stores; mail order cataloguesorder catalogues

Communication – Communication – telegraph, telegraph, telephone, mail telephone, mail order catologuesorder catologues

Corporations – new Corporations – new business business organization; put organization; put together lots of $ together lots of $ quickly; reduce risk; quickly; reduce risk; monopolies formedmonopolies formed

8 Reasons for 8 Reasons for Industrialization – Industrialization – cont’dcont’d

Transportation – Railroads, roads, & Transportation – Railroads, roads, & canals builtcanals built

Technology – new inventions: steel, Technology – new inventions: steel, light bulb, typewriter, locomotivelight bulb, typewriter, locomotive

Abundant Labor Supply – civil war Abundant Labor Supply – civil war vets, farmers leaving for cities, vets, farmers leaving for cities, immigrantsimmigrants

Extension of Manufacturing – built Extension of Manufacturing – built factories closer to resourcesfactories closer to resources

Reasons for Moving WestReasons for Moving West1 . Railroad – expansion 1 . Railroad – expansion all over; easier to get all over; easier to get

westwest

2. 2. Work for miners – rise of Work for miners – rise of boomtowns brings peeps west; boomtowns brings peeps west;

lawlessnesslawlessness

3. The Cattle Business – Go west to be a 3. The Cattle Business – Go west to be a cowboycowboy

Government Government HelpHelp

Homestead Act – 1862: 160 acres Homestead Act – 1862: 160 acres to any head of householdto any head of household

Morrill Land Grant – 1862, 1890 – Morrill Land Grant – 1862, 1890 – gave states fed land to finance Ag. gave states fed land to finance Ag. Colleges Colleges

Pacific Railway Act – 1862: Pacific Railway Act – 1862: provided Fed. subsidies in land & provided Fed. subsidies in land & loans for construction of loans for construction of transcontinental RRs.transcontinental RRs.

The Men and the MachinesThe Men and the Machines

SteelSteel

OilOil

Carnegie and

Morgan

1900 – Carnegie sold all his steel interests to Morgan = US Steel

The first US Billion $ Corp

John Rockefeller

•Standard Oil

The Inventors The Inventors

Thomas Edison – Thomas Edison – light bulb & other light bulb & other inventionsinventions

George Eastman – George Eastman – camera/photographycamera/photography

Charles Sholes – Charles Sholes – typewriter; adding typewriter; adding machinemachine

Swift & Armour – Swift & Armour – meat packingmeat packing

Alexander G. Bell – Alexander G. Bell – telephone; 1 million telephone; 1 million homes by 1900homes by 1900

Charles Pillsbury – Charles Pillsbury – flour millingflour milling

Vanderbilt – railroads; Vanderbilt – railroads; consolidationconsolidation

George Pullman – George Pullman – Railroad cars; Railroad cars; Dining/sleeping carsDining/sleeping cars

Christopher Christopher Sholes and Sholes and

the the TypewriterTypewriter

George George Eastman and Eastman and the Camerathe Camera

Alexander Graham Bell

Swift and Armour

Charles Pillsbury

Cornelius Vanderbilt

George Pullman and his cars

Corporations

Business Business PhilosophiesPhilosophies

Social Darwinism

vs. Gospel of

Wealth

Poor Labor Conditions

American American LaborLabor UnionsUnions

– National National Labor Labor

UnionUnion– Knights of Knights of

LaborLabor– AFLAFL

Union GoalsUnion Goals““Bread & Butter Bread & Butter

Issues”Issues”

Shorter hoursShorter hours Higher payHigher pay Better Better

conditionsconditions

TacticsTactics BoycottsBoycotts StrikesStrikes Closed shopClosed shop

4 Major 4 Major StrikesStrikes Great Railway Great Railway

StrikeStrike Haymarket RiotHaymarket Riot Homestead StrikeHomestead Strike Pullman StrikePullman Strike