What do all living things need?

Energy!All living things need a constant flow of energy

Primary Consumer

Producer

Top Consumer

Secondary Consumer

Plant

Carnivore

Herbivore

Place these terms into the area on the pyramid where you feel they belong

ProducersPlants

Primary Consumers

Herbivores

Secondary Consumers Carnivores

Top Consumers

Decomposers

Fungus & Bacteria

Primary Consumer

Producer

Top Consumer

Secondary Consumer

Plant

Carnivore

Herbivore

Milk comes from a cow – Primary consumer

These are all plant products - Producers

Tuna eat fish that eat smaller fish that feeds on plankton

Fill in table –(omit water/sugarless products)

Breakfast Lunch Dinner Trophic Level

Food

Beverage

In groups of 4, construct and label a 4 level pyramid :

• Producer – Plants

• Primary Consumer – Herbivore

• Secondary Consumer – Carnivore

• Top Consumer

Each group member will write his/her list on the group pyramid with a different colored marker.

Insert a color key that lists each member and corresponding color.

Where on the Food Pyramid did most of your food

end up?In the producers that make

Carbohydrates

From where did the producers

get their energy?From the SUN!!!From the SUN!!!

By what process do the producers capture solar energy & convert it into a usable form for all living

things?

Chapter 4:Chapter 4:PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

• Photosynthesis Let's Get into This song

Energy produced by the produces (with the energy from the sun) is transferred from one organism to the next.

Sun Producers Primary Secondary Sun Producers Primary Secondary Consumers Consumers Consumers Consumers

Photosynthesis • Process by which green plants or

organism with chlorophyll, convert light energy into the chemical energy in the bonds of carbohydrates

• Autotrophic – – Can transfer energy to produce food

– can make their own food– Plants, some bacteria & some protists

• Heterotrophic – – Must obtain energy from preformed food

– must eat food – Fungus, all animals, some bacteria & protists

What is needed for autotrophs to photosynthesize?

• Carbon dioxide (atmospheric)

• Water (in the soil or air)

• Sunlight (or artificial light source)

• Chlorophyll (present in leaves and sometimes stems)

General formula for Photosynthesis

This process actually occurs in

80 chemical reactions

Where does Photosynthesis take place in a leaf?

• Chloroplasts are small oval structures containing the green pigment chlorophyll

What does a chloroplast look like?

Chloroplasts are oval structures consisting of stacked grana (photosynthetic membranes)

• and a liquid called stroma. – Chlorophyll is found in the stacked grana

Light Reaction occurs in the... Light Reaction occurs in the...

Calvin Cycle occurs in the... Calvin Cycle occurs in the...

Photosynthesis occurs in 2 major steps

• occurs only in the occurs only in the presence of lightpresence of light.

– Occurs in the grana (stacks) of the chloroplasts

– Light is used to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen and to move electrons through the membranes of the grana to produce ATP

Step 1 – The Light ReactionStep 1 – The Light Reaction

Membraneof the Membraneof the GranaGrana Occurs in Occurs in

StromaStroma

Step 2. Calvin Cycle (light independent Step 2. Calvin Cycle (light independent reaction)–reaction)–

• can occur in light or darkness. Follows light reaction

• Occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts

• Also known as Carbon fixation because COCO22 will get “fixed up” with the ATP energy from the light reaction light reaction (and hydrogens also from the Light Reaction)

to produce GlucoseGlucose

Membraneof the Membraneof the GranaGrana Occurs in Occurs in

StromaStroma

The Steps in PhotosynthesisThe Steps in Photosynthesis

THE LIGHT REACTIONTHE LIGHT REACTION

•  1) The light energy strikes the leaf, passes into the leaf and hits a chloroplast inside an individual cell.

•  2) The light energy, upon entering the chloroplasts, is captured by the chlorophyll inside a grana.

•  3) Inside the grana some of the energy is used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen.

•  4) The oxygen is released into the air.

The Calvin Cycle 5) The hydrogen is taken to the stroma along with the ATP energy from the Light Reaction.

 6) Carbon dioxide enters the leaf and passes into the chloroplast.

 7) In the stroma, the remaining light energy is used to combine hydrogen and carbon dioxide to make

carbohydrates. This occurs during the Calvin Cycle

 8) The energy- rich carbohydrates are carried to the plant's cells.

 9) The energy- rich carbohydrates are used by the cells to drive the plant's life processes.

Look at the diagram of photosynthesis from the previous slide. What are the names of the two reactions that are occurring in the chloroplasts

Describe what reactants are going in and what products are going out.

Summary

Great Summary of Photosynthesis & Respiraton

• Animation

• Another good one

Nicholl

REACTIONTYPE

What goes into it?

What comes

out of it?

(What is produced?)

Does it need light?

Does it need the

dark?

What gets

split?

What goes

into the next

stage?

Light Reaction

Calvin Cycle

H2O

Sunlight

The Glucose will be

used for energy for

the cell

Oxygen

CO2 and Hydrogens (from the light reaction)

Water Yes NoATP

Hydrogen

Glucose No No Nothing

1. What is the definition of Photosynthesis?

2. What are the reactants for Photosynthesis?

3. What are the products?

4. What happens during the light reaction of Photosynthesis?

5. What is made during the Calvin Cycle?

6. In what structure is chlorophyll found within a chloroplast?

PHOTOSYNTHESIS REVIEW

7. What occurs in the stroma of a chloroplast?9. Does the light reaction have to occur in the light? Does the dark reaction have to occur in the dark?

10. Why is glucose so valuable to all living things?

11. Why are plants known as autotrophs (or “producers”)?

12. If you eat a hamburger for dinner, how is it that you are eating energy that was made by plants?

13. Plants store energy in many ways. For example, a carrot is the root part of a plant that stores lots of energy (that’s why carrots are SO good for you!!).

14. Name 3 other parts of a plant that store high energy?

PHOTOSYNTHESIS REVIEW