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Table of Contents

Journal 1 Copycats 5 Reading Responses 9 Description 22 Noun and Adjective Review 24 Narration 25 Essay Organization 26 Prepositions “A bee flies _____ the bottle” 29 Common Prepositions/Prepositional Combinations 30 Preposition Puzzle 31 Subjects and Verbs 32 Tense 34 Point of View 36 Sentence Types 38 Simple Sentences Simple Sentence Lesson 1A 40 Simple Sentence Lesson 1B 41 Simple Sentence Lesson 2A 42 Simple Sentence Lesson 2B 43 Simple Sentence Lesson 2C 44 What Is a Sentence? 45 Subject-Verb Agreement Making Verbs Agree with their Subjects 46 Making Have, Do, and Be Agree with their Subjects 47 The Verb “To Be”: Present Tense 48 The Verb “To Be”: Past Tense 49 Subject-Verb Agreement 50 Subject-Verb Agreement Problems 52 Indefinite Pronouns 53 Irregular Verbs 55 Principal Parts of Verbs 57 Present and Past Tenses: Irregular Verbs 35 Verb Tense Shifts 37 Compound Sentences Compound Sentence Lesson 1A 39 Compound Sentence Lesson 1B 40

Compound Sentence Lesson 2A 41 Compound Sentence Lesson 2B 42 Compound Sentence Lesson 2C 43 Compound Sentence Lesson 2D 44 Compound Sentence Lesson 3A 45 Compound Sentence Lesson 3B 46 Compound Sentence or Not? 47 Commonly Confused Words Confusing Words 48 More Confusing Words 50 One Word or Two? 53 Homonyms 54 More about Homonyms: Quiz 1 56 More about Homonyms: Quiz 2 57 Even More about Homonyms: Quiz 1 58 Even More about Homonyms: Quiz 2 60 Proofreading for Confused and Misused Words 61 Run-On Sentences Introduction to Run-On Sentences 62 Combining Sentences 63 Correcting Run-Ons in a Paragraph 64 Fused Sentences and Punctuation 65 Comma Spliced Sentences 67 Correcting Sentences 69 Fragments Fragments and Punctuation 70 Identifying Fused and Fragment Sentences 71 Sentence Fragments Worksheet 73 Complex Sentences Complex Sentence Lesson 1A 74 Complex Sentence Lesson 1B 75 Complex Sentence Lesson 2A 76 Complex Sentence Lesson 2B 77 Complex Sentence Lesson 3B 78 Commas Pop Quiz Comma Usage 79 Commas in a Paragraph 80 Conjunctions Puzzle 81 A Birthday 82

Proofreading 84 Fix Whatever Is Wrong 85 Sophistication Is In 86 Transitions 87 POW Evaluation Sheet 88

Journal

A journal is a collection of your writing. It is not a diary, which is a private book in which you write things you wouldn’t want anyone else to read. Journal writing will give you the opportunity to look objectively and creatively at the world in which you live. The act of putting ideas down on paper will give you a roadmap of your mind, where you have been, where you are now, and where you are headed. It will also give you a chance to practice the writing techniques discussed in class. You may present your point of view, and no one will disagree with you. Your journal will not be graded on your feelings or opinions but on your efforts to build a collection of your own work. I will collect and read your journal periodically to check your progress and perhaps make suggestions and comments. What you write is only between you and me. No one else will see it or read it (unless you yourself show it or read it to them). Each week in your bluebook you will complete a journal entry that is one full page in length (single-spaced). Expect to write a little more if you have large handwriting. Date and title each entry. Begin your entry with a topic sentence. Keep your entries PG-13, please! Hypothetical and Persuasive (Conditional) Topics 1. What is the most important thing you will ever do? 2. Where do you see yourself ten years from now? 3. I always wanted to… 4. If I had my way… 5. What are your plans for the summer? 6. Who is the person alive today that you would most like to meet and talk to? Why?

What would you like to ask? 7. Who is the person from history that you would most like to meet and talk to? Why?

What would you like to ask? 8. If I could change one thing about myself… 9. If you could go back in time, where/when would you go and why? 10. What law would you like to see enacted? What would be the effects? 11. If you could do something that you've never done before, what would it be? Why

would you want to do it? 12. If you could go somewhere you've never gone before, where would you go? Why? 13. Which animal would you like to talk to? What questions would you ask? Is there

anything you would like to tell the animal? 14. What is the real basis of your liking someone you know? Or your dislike for someone

you know? 15. If you had three wishes, what would they be? 16. What would happen if you told the absolute truth all day?

17. What would you say if someone told you it was all right to steal from a large department store?

18. What would you do if you saw a friend cheating--report it, confront the friend, nothing--and why?

19. If you could only take 3 people with you on a trip around the world, who would you take and why?

20. If you could give any gift in the world, what would you give and to whom? 21. If you could live anywhere in the world, where would it be? 22. If you won the lottery, what would you do with the money? 23. If you were lost in the woods, and it got dark, what would you do? 24. If you had to describe yourself as a color, which would you choose? 25. What do you think the world needs now? 26. What do you think about the amount of violence on T.V.? 27. What do you think about people who are inconsiderate of others? 28. What do you think of someone who has bad manners? 29. What do you think about people who take advantage of others? 30. What do you think about when you can't fall asleep? 31. What does courage mean to you? 32. What do you think makes a happy family? 33. What is more important to you, appearance or personality? 34. What is most important to you in a friend--loyalty, generosity, honesty--why? 35. What makes you feel safe? 36. What would you invent to make life better? 37. What would you do to entertain your family without spending any money? 38. Why is it important to be honest? 39. Why is important to have good manners? 40. Why is exercise important to someone your age? 41. Should there be a dress code in places such as school, restaurants, and places of

business? Why or why not? 42. Should animals be used for medical research? 43. Should people be prohibited from smoking in certain places? 44. Would you like to be famous? Why or why not? What would you like to be famous for? 45. Should you have to take tests in school? 46. Should cell phone use be allowed in the classroom? 47. Should junk food be banned from schools? 48. Should students be required to learn a second language? 49. Another topic with my approval!

Descriptive (Present Tense) Topics 50. Your favorite time of year 51. A place from your past 52. Your concept of luxury 53. A family member 54. Your ride home 55. Nothing can be better than…

56. Nothing can be worse than… 57. Your most comfortable spot 58. The personality of a friend 59. The place you most like to be 60. Something you could not live without 61. An animal that you identify with strongly 62. The best hour of the day 63. Your holiday dinner table 64. A day at the mall 65. Your dream room 66. A perfect day at the beach 67. Your favorite subject 68. Your next door neighbor 69. The qualities of a good teacher 70. The qualities of a good parent 71. The qualities of a good friend 72. Your favorite kind of weather 73. A current fashion in clothing that you particularly like or dislike 74. One characteristic or habit about yourself that you like 75. One thing about yourself you’d like to improve 76. One of your hobbies 77. One of your greatest fears 78. One of your talents 79. Your favorite restaurant 80. The most useful invention ever created is… 81. Your favorite television program 82. Three words that describe you 83. A typical evening at home 84. Another topic with my approval! Narrative (Past Tense) Topics 85. I was happiest when… 86. I felt the most inadequate when… 87. I'll never forget… 88. Everything went wrong when… 89. I had to be strong the day… 90. An incident that illustrates kindness 91. An incident that illustrates courage 92. An incident that illustrates selfishness 93. A time when you took the blame 94. A fear that you conquered 95. A time when you experienced jealousy 96. An outdoor experience 97. A dream that came true 98. A thoughtless act 99. A surprise

100. A strange meeting 101. An unexpected guest 102. A practical joke you played on a friend or family member 103. An accident 104. An unforgettable experience 105. A narrow escape 106. Your first vivid memory 107. Your greatest accomplishment to date 108. A time you stuck up for someone 109. An enemy who eventually became a friend 110. A time you cheated and were caught 111. A time you performed in front of an audience 112. A disappointment 113. Something that should have been minor that turned into a big deal 114. Winning a contest 115. A time you were talked into something and regretted it 116. Forgetting something really important 117. Being accused of something you didn’t do 118. A disastrous trip or vacation 119. Attending a concert 120. Saving someone from getting hurt 121. A time when you tried to help and ended up making things worse 122. Breaking an important promise 123. Moving to another city 124. Meeting a famous person 125. Traveling to another country 126. Trying to be someone you really weren’t 127. Something valuable you lost 128. Seeing the ocean or the mountains for the first time 129. A time your parents embarrassed you 130. Taking a long trip alone 131. A time when you gave someone good advice 132. The funniest thing that ever happened to you 133. Hiding a real feeling or emotion 134. Holding an unpopular opinion or belief 135. A friend moving away 136. Another topic with my approval!

Copycats

Each week you will turn in a copycat, which is an exercise designed to train your eye

to pay attention to details in writing, particularly spelling, punctuation, and grammar. On a piece of lined paper, using blue or black ink (Do not type!), copy EXACTLY the copycat paragraph you have been assigned that week. Do not skip, substitute, or add words, change any spelling, leave out or add punctuation, etc. Copycats that are error free will receive full credit (an A). Copycats with one or more errors will receive a C.

COPYCAT 1: DRINKS Caffeinated drinks are very popular, but caffeine has negative effects on some

people. Beverages that do not contain caffeine are healthier than those that do.

Decaffeinated soda, coffee, and tea are possible options. Herbal tea and juices are other

caffeine-free drinks. The best drink of all, though, is plain water.

COPYCAT 2: SHOPPING Consumer items such as televisions, clothing, and electronics are selling well. One

reason they are in such high demand is the growth of the national economy in recent

decades. As a result of economic expansion, many people are earning more money than

they once did. In addition, families with two incomes are more common than ever. Some

couples who spend most of their time working reward themselves by shopping. Consumer

shopping is an important aspect of our economy.

COPYCAT 3: WORD PROCESSING

If you have ever used a typewriter, you know how frustrating it can be to finish

typing a page only to discover one or two small errors that should have been corrected.

Using a word processing program on a computer can save you hours of retyping. Word

processors also make it easy to revise your ideas and your paper’s organization as many

times as you need to get it right. Once you have the basics down, you can also produce a

much more professional looking paper by learning to take advantage of different typefaces

and graphics. There are many advantages in learning how to word process on a computer.

COPYCAT 4: TEX BACKED DOWN One of my proudest memories is standing up to the grade school bully. One day

when my sister, Jan, was about seven, and I was ten, we ran into the school tough guy, Tex,

in the schoolyard. Tex was known as the tough guy because he would fight anybody at any

time and win, and he just had a bad attitude. For some reason, my little sister started

talking back to Tex, and I, trying to protect her, ended up in a scuffle with him. Amazingly

enough, after I pushed him hard a few times, Tex backed down. My friends wondered why I

wasn’t upset that Jan had caused a fight. “Who cares,” I said. “Tex backed down from me.”

To this day, I don’t know why he did.

COPYCAT 5: PROACTIVE ATTITUDES

A proactive individual understands that he or she must take responsibility for his or

her own actions. For proactive people, circumstances do not dictate success; they

themselves do. Feelings do not rule behavior, and his or her decisions are based on values

and goals. A perfect example of the difference between reactive and proactive attitudes can

be seen in the different ways people think of love. A reactive person thinks of love

primarily as a feeling. Thus as the feelings of love diminish, the commitment to the

relationship weakens. A proactive person, by contrast, looks at love as an act of will. The

decision to be loyal to the commitment stays strong even if feelings diminish. Proactive

individuals believe they have a sense of power over their lives and can deal with whatever

comes their way.

COPYCAT 6: RAISING CHILDREN

The way parents raise their children can be divided into a few general methods.

Those who set up very strict rules for their children and never explain those rules are using

an authoritarian approach. In an authoritarian home, force and punishments are used to

make sure children follow rules, and children are given no choices. In contrast, parents who

use the permissive approach have few rules. Permissive parents allow children to make

their own choices about almost everything, including when they eat and go to bed. In

between these two extreme methods of child rearing is the democratic approach.

Democratic parents present their children with rules, but they explain the rules to the

children. If a child in a democratic home can give a good reason for not following a rule, an

exception may be made. These are three of the methods parents may choose to raise their

children.

Reading Responses After we read an article in class, you may be asked to complete a reading response. This is your opportunity to show your understanding of what we’ve read and express your opinion about it. Follow the guidelines below to ensure that you receive full credit.

1. Write one paragraph of 125-150 words in length summarizing the main points

of the article in your own words. Do not copy (plagiarize) the original content of the article. Mention the title of the article in quotations and the source it came from in italics. At the end of the paragraph, include a word count. Address the following points:

o Who o What o When o Where o Why o How

2. Write one paragraph of 125-150 words in length responding to the article

with your own point of view. Do not continue your summary in this paragraph. At the end of the paragraph, include a word count. Consider the following questions to help guide your response:

o How do you feel about what you read? o Why is this topic of interest to you? o Can you relate to the topic? o Does the author make a strong argument? o What should be the outcome? o What information did the author leave out that you would like to know?

3. Proofread for grammar, spelling, and punctuation.

4. Use MLA format.

- Typed - Double-spaced - 12 point Times New Roman font - 1 inch margins - Your first and last name, class, instructor’s name, and date in upper left-hand

corner - Header with your last name and page number in right-hand corner - Title (Reading Response A, B, C, etc.)

* Reminder: Incomplete assignments will not be accepted!

First and Last Name

ACDV B68 TR 5:30

Jackson

3 February 2011

Reading Response D

In the article “Chronic Dropping and Over Population Has Negative Impact on Students”

in The Renegade Rip, the authors discuss how Bakersfield College is overcrowded. Kern

Community College District has to decide how to deal with the problem. There has been a large

increase in the student population in the past five years. BC has been adding more classes, but it

is not enough. 18,000 students enrolled by the start of the fall 2010 semester. It is becoming

more difficult for students to meet their goals. After registration, most core classes are filled

within a few days, and waitlists are at maximum capacity. Some students stop going to class or

drop classes after the census date, usually after financial aid payments go through. Then it is too

late for teachers to add anymore students. One proposal is to prevent these students from

registering for too many units in the future. (150)

Students who set goals and come in to college to better themselves are becoming way

more frustrated as BC becomes overpopulated. I’m glad that I have always gotten into all of my

classes and never had to be on a waitlist, but I know many people who have not been so lucky.

They come to class for several weeks trying to get in and don’t. It is totally unfair when students

drop classes, and the other students that wanted to get in don’t have a chance anymore. I agree

with the article about putting a warning flag on students who are chronic droppers so more

serious students can get into the classes. In the meantime, students should have a back up plan in

case they don’t get into the classes they need. (132)

Last Name 1

Name: _____________________________________ Class Day & Time: ____________________________

Reading Response “A” Evaluation Sheet

MLA Format (7)

_______ Typed, double-spaced, 12 point Times New Roman with 1 inch margins (3) _______ Stapled (1) _______ Correctly placed header with last name and page number (1) _______ First and last name, class, instructor’s name, and date in upper left-hand corner (1) _______ Title (Ex. Reading Response A, B, C, etc.) (1)

Summary Paragraph (7)

_______ Effectively summaries main points of the article in 125-150 words without plagiarizing and with minimal grammatical or mechanical errors (5)

_______ Word count (1) _______ “Article Title” in quotations and Source Title in italics (1)

Response Paragraph (6)

_______ Effectively responds to the article in 125-150 words without adding additional summary and with minimal grammatical or mechanical errors (5)

_______ Word count (1)

Total (20) Grade Comments:


Reading Response “B” Evaluation Sheet

MLA Format (7)










Reading Response “C” Evaluation Sheet

MLA Format (7)










Reading Response “D” Evaluation Sheet

MLA Format (7)










Reading Response “E” Evaluation Sheet

MLA Format (7)










Reading Response “F” Evaluation Sheet

MLA Format (7)










Reading Response “G” Evaluation Sheet

MLA Format (7)










Reading Response “H” Evaluation Sheet

MLA Format (7)










Reading Response “I” Evaluation Sheet

MLA Format (7)










Reading Response “J” Evaluation Sheet

MLA Format (7)










Reading Response “K” Evaluation Sheet

MLA Format (7)









Description Descriptive writing “shows” rather than “tells.” The goal of descriptive writing is to create a vivid image in the mind of the reader. It relies heavily on adjectives and adverbs (describing words) and precise language.

large red house = not precise 3,200 square foot, three-story, pristine, brick-red Colonial mansion with forest

green shutters = precise

Descriptive writing also appeals to the reader’s senses (sight, smell, sound, touch, and taste). If you are describing your family’s traditional Thanksgiving meal, for instance, describe rather than list the entrees, sides, and ingredients. Add adjectives before each of the following entrees to make them more descriptive: A ___________________________________ turkey ___________________________________ mashed potatoes A ___________________________________ pumpkin pie Tips Avoid “itemizing” the details in your descriptive paragraph.

My favorite place to vacation is Hawaii. Sandy beaches as far as the eye can see. Warm to the touch. Sea shells crunching under my feet. Palm trees swaying gently. The smell of coconut…

What is wrong with most of the sentences in the example above? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Do not attempt to arrange the details in a story line. Descriptive writing “shows” and

doesn’t “tell.” Rather than telling a story, pretend you are a camera lens attempting to capture your topic in a photograph.

My favorite place to vacation is Hawaii. First, I see the sandy beaches as far as the eye can see. I touch the sand, and it’s warm. I hear sea shells crunching under my feet. I also see palm trees swaying gently. I smell coconut…

What word distracts you from trying to imagine yourself in this place? ________________

These sentences are written in first person, from the perspective of the author (using I, me, my, mine, etc.). It’s distracting to the reader and forces him/her to experience the topic through the author. For this reason, descriptive writing is often done in the third person (using he, him, his, she, her, it, its, they, them, their, etc.).

Second person (you, your) is NEVER acceptable in this class or in academic writing in general. Additionally, use of the conditional (can, could, will, would, etc.) should be restricted.

My favorite place to vacation is Hawaii. You can see sandy beaches as far as the eye can see. If you touched the sand, it would feel warm. You could hear sea shells crunching under your feet. You can see palm trees swaying gently. You will smell coconut.

Make corrections to the example so that it follows the guidelines above.

My favorite place to vacation is Hawaii._____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Narration Narrative writing tells a story. In this class, you will be asked to write about experiences that already happened to you or a friend. For this reason, the narrative writing you do will be in past tense. The supporting details should be arranged in chronological (time) order. Make sure that there is a point to your story. Otherwise, your reader will be asking, “Who cares?”

My eighth birthday was my best birthday ever. = Boring When both of my parents were laid off right before my eighth birthday, I learned

the true definition of family. = Engaging Traditional Structure for Narratives

1. Setup: Who, what, when, where, and why?

2. Conflict: Then what happened? What was unusual about this day?

3. Climax: What is the highest point of interest in the story?

4. Resolution: How was the problem resolved?

Using Quotes You may choose to include what you were thinking at the time or dialogue to add interest. If the quote is direct (the person’s exact words), use quotation marks around the phrase and introduce it with a comma.

She sighed and exclaimed, “What a relief!”

If the quote is indirect (paraphrase/rewording), do not use quotation marks.

She sighed and exclaimed that she was relieved.

Essay Organization

Introduction Hook: Captures the reader’s attention

Thesis Statement: The point the author wants to make

Conclusion Restates the thesis

Summarizes the supporting points Discusses the significance of the topic

1st Point - Topic Sentence - Supporting

Details - Closing/

Transition Sentence

2nd Point - Topic Sentence - Supporting

Details - Closing/

Transition Sentence

3rd Point - Topic Sentence - Supporting

Details - Closing/

Transition Sentence

Body

The Perfect Employee

Have you ever worked with someone who isn’t a team player or someone who

hasn’t grasped the concept of a daily shower? In today’s workplace, business owners have

the upper hand when selecting a potential employee. This means employees have to be on

top of their game in order to stand out on a job interview or hold on to their job.

Firstly, employees that are highly regarded possess an excellent work ethic. This

includes being punctual. Arriving on time is one of those things that managers expect to

see. In addition, a prized employee only takes the allotted times for breaks and stays on

task throughout the course of the work day. He or she doesn’t become wrapped up in his or

her cell phone or iPod. He or she works on all assignments to completion and takes

directions well. This employee earns the trust of his or her manager.

Another thing that employers like to see is someone who takes the time to dress

professionally. He or she comes to work in clean, appropriate clothing that suits the dress

code. Clothes that are free from wrinkles and stains are good choices. Good hygiene is also

important. Women should wear minimal makeup, and men should be clean shaven. Tattoos

may need to be covered depending on the line of work involved. Being presentable shows

that the employee takes his or her job seriously.

Finally, an employee’s personality is something that can make or break his or her

career opportunities. A good employee is someone who is approachable and friendly. Being

a team player is also necessary because sometimes group projects are assigned. A

respectable employee is someone who doesn’t use bad language. Employers want to hire

people who represent the company well.

In today’s economy, job interviews can be highly competitive, and even people with

years of experience fear being laid off. Someone who possesses an excellent work ethic,

takes pride in his or her appearance, and has a pleasant personality is more likely to stand

out among the rest. After all, employers want to know that the people they hire are

dedicated to supporting and improving the company.

365

Prepositions

COMMON PREPOSITIONS

about below in since above beneath inside through across beside into to after between like toward against beyond near under along by of until among down off up around during on upon at except outside with before for over within behind from past without In addition to these common prepositions, English has a number of prepositional combinations that also function as prepositions.

COMMON PREPOSITIONAL COMBINATIONS

ahead of in addition to in reference to at the time of in between in regard to because of in care of in search of by means of in case of in spite of except for in common with instead of for fear of in contrast to on account of for the purpose of in the course of similar to for the sake of in exchange for

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Preposition Puzzle PART I: Find and circle 16 different prepositions in the puzzle below. You may go across (from left to right), down, or up. PREPOSITIONS BESIDE UNDER BETWEEN AROUND UP OUT BEHIND INTO ON FOR IN OFF AT DOWN TO OVER PART II: Make up your own preposition Search-A-Word Puzzle. Include at least ten different prepositions.

1.

A P S K C L E C C T U

S B E T W E E N S L X

L E X O V E R P Q E M

V H J L A R O U N D F

X I N T O E F P I I X

Q N R U C D F O R S Y

G D D O W N T L M E O

K S R B A U A F N B N

1. _______________

2. _______________

3. _______________

4. _______________

5. _______________

6. _______________

7. _______________

8. _______________

9. _______________

10. _______________

Subjects and Verbs SUBJECTS To find the subject(s) of a sentence, ask, “Who or what is the sentence is about?” Anna poked the wedding cake. Who or what is the sentence about? ________________________________ Tips Subjects are never found inside a prepositional phrase.

The carton of milk leaked on the kitchen counter. Why isn’t “milk” the subject? _______________________________________________________________

There may be more than one subject in a sentence. Jack and Jill went up the hill. Who or what are the subjects? _____________________________________________________________

VERBS To find the verb or verbs in a sentence, ask, “What did the subject do?” What did the subjects do in the sentences above? ________________________________________________ Tips Like subjects, verbs will never be found inside a prepositional phrase.

The cat climbed up the tree and rested among the limbs and branches. What did the subject do? ____________________________________________________________________

Verbs may be made up of more than one word. These extra words are called helping verbs. I have been to the café on 3rd Street. Which two words make up the verb? ______________________________________________________

Verbs that end with “ing” are not main verbs unless they have a helping verb.

Samuel was reading People magazine while waiting for the doctor to arrive in the examination room. Which word that ends with -ing is the main verb? _______________________________________

Verbs that begin with “to” are not main verbs. Carlos wanted to ride the roller coaster but was too scared. What is the main verb? ______________________________________________________________________

The ending of a verb can be changed for tense. If a word cannot be made past tense, it is not a verb! The baby’s cries woke the napping babysitter. What is the tense of the verb (present or past)? __________________________________________

Verbs can be made negative. Even after half an hour of looking, I did not find my car keys anywhere. Which two words make up the verb? ______________________________________________________

Sometimes verbs do not show an action. Instead, they help “link” the subject with a descriptive word. These are known as linking verbs. Some linking verbs are be, seem, and feel. Toby is the drummer in his band. What is the linking verb? ___________________________________________________________________

Describing words (adjectives and adverbs) are not verbs! The apple pie was too sour. What is the linking verb? ___________________________________________________________________

In sentences that begin with “there,” the verb is found before the subject.

There are folding chairs in the closet. What is the verb? ____________________________________________________________________________

Tense

X Past Present Future (Before) (Now) (Later) PRESENT Used to describe people or things as they are now, actions that are currently happening or will happen soon, as well as repeated events, facts, or generalizations. My sister Abby is 5’4.”

I attend Bakersfield College.

My writing class meets in the afternoon.

The party starts at 8:00.

Cats like milk.

There are fifty American states.

They always skip class.

PAST Used to describe actions that started and/or finished at a specific time in the past.

I traveled to Japan last year.

Marcus just finished washing his car.

Gina checked into her hotel room at noon.

We spent the whole night talking on the phone.

I have been working at John’s Incredible Pizza for six months.

I dreamt that my hair fell out.

She was standing all day at work.

FUTURE Used to describe actions that may happen in the future. May be done with “going to” or “will.”

The year 2080 will be very interesting.

Or

The year 2080 is going to be very interesting.

Note: The helping verbs (modals) below have no tense although they are sometimes used to express past, present, or future time. Use them selectively! can shall may will must

could should ought to would might

I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.

Cell phone use should be banned in movie theaters.

I cannot tell the difference between diet and regular soda.

If I could choose any superhero power, I would like to make myself invisible.

Will you help him later?

Point of View FIRST PERSON Refers to the person who is speaking. Used to explain personal experiences.

I am about to write my first college essay. I am nervous and worried about the grade I will get. My stomach feels tight and twisted, but I will do the best I can.

SECOND PERSON Refers to the person who is being spoken to (the reader). Used to give directions, commands, or instructions. Should not be used in formal writing!

You are about to write your first college essay. You are nervous and worried about the grade you will get. Your stomach feels tight and twisted, but you will do the best you can.

THIRD PERSON Refers to the person or thing that is being spoken about. Used for most college papers.

When writing their first college essay, many students feel nervous and worry about the grade they might get. Often, their stomachs feel tight and twisted, but they do the best they can.

PRONOUNS Take the place of a subject’s name. Subject Object Possessive 1st Person

Singular Plural

I we

me us

my/mine our/ours

2nd Person Singular

Plural

you you

you you

your/yours your/yours

3rd Person Singular

Plural

he/she/it they

him/her/it them

his/he/its their

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Point of View

Make changes to the descriptive paragraph below so that it is consistently in present tense and 3rd person point view.

If you are stressed and overworked, the Motivation Spa is the perfect place to relax.

The Motivation Spa has a massage area, hot rocks room, mud room, and a yoga room to

help you relax. The massage room can help take the knots out of your body. In the massage

room is a long table that has a nice cushion to lie on. Next to the massage table is a beautiful

brown wooden stand that has all the massage oils on it. The oils are labeled with names like

“Time Stands Still,” “Feeling of Forget,” and “I’m a World Away.” The hot rocks room is

great for heat pressure massages. This room is an all-white room with two tables for you to

lie on. The rocks are heated to a certain degree and pressed on your back. The pressure

from the heated rocks can take the soreness out of your back. The mud room is great for

your skin. The room is in a bright blue color with four sunken tubs. The mud that is used

for the room is carried in from Africa. The mud is to help your skin look and feel younger. If

you’re tense, then the yoga room can help relieve you of that tension. This room is painted

in a dark red color with soft lighting. Music is played during the yoga session to get you

really in the mood. The benefit of yoga is that it makes you more flexible, and it can slow

down your heart beat for a sense of calm. Motivation Spa is the perfect place for someone

with a stressful lifestyle.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Noun and Adjective Review List adjective/noun pairs for at least ten letters of the alphabet to identify souvenirs you might purchase on a Hawaiian vacation. (Examples: bamboo baskets, fantastic films, etc.)

Super Souvenirs Adjectives Nouns

A ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

B Bamboo _________________________________ baskets

C ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

D ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

E ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

F ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

G ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

H ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

I ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

J ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

K ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

L ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

M ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

N ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

O ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

P ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

Q ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

R ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

S ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

T ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

U ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

V ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

W ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

X ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

Y ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

Z ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________

Based on: The Basics and Beyond; 1981, Goodyear Publishing Co, Inc

Sentence Types Using a variety of sentence types adds interest to your writing and prevents your writing from sounding choppy or undeveloped. SIMPLE Contains at least one subject and one verb and expresses only one complete thought. It is also known as an independent clause. Jesse goes to the library every Monday. (SV)

Jesse goes to the library every Monday and studies for his history class. (SVV)

Jesse and Marie go to the library every Monday. (SSV)

Jesse and Marie go to the library every Monday and study for their history

class. (SSVV)

COMPOUND Combines two or more simple sentences (independent clauses) through coordination (a comma and a coordinating conjunction) or by using a semicolon. Coordinating Conjunctions = For And Nor But Or Yet So Jesse goes to the library every Monday, and he studies for his history class. (I,cI)

Jesse goes to the library every Monday; he studies for his history class. (I;I)

Tips “Because” is NOT a coordinating conjunction and is not used to form a compound

sentence. “For” is used in place of “because” in coordination.

Jesse goes to the library every Monday, for he needs to study for his history class. “Nor” is used when both sentences contain “not.” “Nor” takes the place of “not” and

requires inverting (switching) the subject and helping verb.

Jesse does not behave like a child, nor does he look like one.

Not including a comma in a compound sentence is considered a major error! X Jesse goes to the library every day and he studies for his government class. (Wrong!)

Commas are not always used before a coordinating conjunction.

X Jesse goes to the library every day, and studies for his government class. (Wrong!) Semicolons are often used with transitions (first, next, however, also, therefore, etc.)

followed by a comma.

Jesse does not look like a child; however, he does behave like one. COMPLEX A simple sentence joined by a dependent clause. A dependent clause is created by adding a subordinating conjunction (although, before, since, because, etc.) to a simple sentence. If the dependent clause is first, a comma is needed.

Jesse goes to the library to study after he leaves his history class. (ID) After Jesse leaves his history class, he goes to the library to study. (D,I)

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Simple Sentence Lesson 1A Instructions: 1. Do the Subject-Verb Identification Procedure on each sentence. 2. Underline the complete verb(s) in each sentence with two lines. 3. Underline the subject(s) in each sentence with one line. 4. In the blank to the left of the sentence, write the correct sentence formula for the

sentence. Choose the correct formula form your Formula Card. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Example: __SV__ 0. The old dog was sleeping under the table.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

F S V

Formulas

______ 1. The small boy walked quickly down the hill.

______ 2. The men and women were walking around.

______ 3. An old dog chased and bit the boy.

______ 4. The young boy ran across the field.

______ 5. The mother and sister came out of the house and comforted the boy.

______ 6. The neighbor called the dogcatcher and chased the dog.

______ 7. He and the older brother finally caught the dog.

______ 8. There are wet leaves and branches on the sidewalk.

______ 9. Los Angeles is located on the West Coast and has one of the busiest airports.

______ 10. Boldness and confidence are shown by heroes and often are needed in an emergency.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Simple Sentence Lesson 1B Instructions: 1. Do the Subject-Verb Identification Procedure on each sentence. 2. Underline the complete verb(s) in each sentence with two lines. 3. Underline the subject(s) in each sentence with one line. 4. In the blank to the left of the sentence, write the correct sentence formula for the

sentence. Choose the correct formula form your Formula Card. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Example: __SV__ 0. The old dog was sleeping under the table.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

F S V

Formulas

______ 1. The teacher went to school early and left late.

______ 2. The young man and woman were married Saturday morning.

______ 3. The answers of the young woman surprised the members of the committee.

______ 4. John and Mike threw the football and caught it.

______ 5. Susan and Jeff went to the theater and ate candy.

______ 6. The mule jumped and kicked Brad.

______ 7. California has become famous for its mountains and its beaches.

______ 8. The friendly man and woman smiled at the young child.

______ 9. Amusement parks are scattered throughout the states and attract thousands of vacationers each year.

______ 10. There go Phil and Charles.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Simple Sentence Lesson 2A

Instructions: 1. Make each of the following into a simple sentence that matches the listed formula. 2. Do the Subject-Verb Identification Procedure on each sentence. 3. Underline the complete verb(s) in each sentence with two lines. 4. Underline the subject(s) in each sentence with one line. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Example: (S VV) 0. The children jumped and skipped down the road.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

M C S&V

Formulas

(S VV) 1. Terry _______________________________________________________

(SS V) 2. The girl _____________________________________________________

(S V) 3. The horse __________________________________________________

(S VV) 4. Jerry ________________________________________________________

(S V) 5. The long lines at the amusement park __________________

(S V) 6. The firefighter’s bravery _________________________________

(SS VV) 7. Eric _________________________________________________________

(S V) 8. The forest __________________________________________________

(SS V) 9. Lately, my cousin __________________________________________

(S VV) 10. Suddenly, the alarm _______________________________________

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Simple Sentence Lesson 2B Instructions: 1. Make each of the following into a simple sentence that matches the listed formula. 2. Do the Subject-Verb Identification Procedure on each sentence. 3. Underline the complete verb(s) in each sentence with two lines. 4. Underline the subject(s) in each sentence with one line. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________


____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

M C S&V

Formulas

(S VV) 1. Sharon ______________________________________________________

(S VV) 2. An orange _________________________________________________

(S V) 3. Tomorrow, we _____________________________________________

(SS V) 4. Amy _________________________________________________________

(S V) 5. New York ___________________________________________________

(S VV) 6. The pig ______________________________________________________

(S V) 7. Yesterday’s win ____________________________________________

(SS VV) 8. Hopefully, John ____________________________________________

(S V) 9. The garage _________________________________________________

(SS V) 10. She __________________________________________________________

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Simple Sentence Lesson 2C

Instructions: 1. Make each of the following into a simple sentence that matches the listed formula. 2. Do the Subject-Verb Identification Procedure on each sentence. 3. Underline the complete verb(s) in each sentence with two lines. 4. Underline the subject(s) in each sentence with one line. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________


____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

M C S&V

Formulas

(SS VV) 1. Later, Maria ________________________________________________

(S VV) 2. My aunt _____________________________________________________

(S V) 3. The night ___________________________________________________

(SS V) 4. Jose _________________________________________________________

(S V) 5. The river ___________________________________________________

(S VV) 6. Michael _____________________________________________________

(S V) 7. Finally, truthfulness _______________________________________

(SS V) 8. Unexpectedly, the doorbell _______________________________

(S V) 9. The young spotted owl ___________________________________

(S VV) 10. A turtle _____________________________________________________

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

What is a Sentence? Read each group of words carefully. If the words form a complete sentence, write “C” in the blank and underline the subject(s) (one line) and the verb(s) (two lines). If the words do not form a complete sentence, write “I” in the blank. _______ 1. The fastest bike of all.

_______ 2. My brother caught a three-pound trout.

_______ 3. He sprang at the window.

_______ 4. A bridge over troubled waters.

_______ 5. The tire on my bike is flat again.

_______ 6. He will play that song for us as an encore.

_______ 7. Suspended gently in the sky.

_______ 8. Jenny knows how to bake mango pie.

_______ 9. Furthermore, the whole speech.

_______ 10. The children pleaded for ice cream.

_______ 11. The full moon is shining tonight.

_______ 12. Those tomato plants should be stalked to the wall.

_______ 13. Eating your lunch at school.

_______ 14. Looking over his shoulder.

_______ 15. All those boys.

_______ 16. After the accident, he walked with a limp.

_______ 17. Reaching the end of the song.

_______ 18. The good life.

_______ 19. Dinner will be ready at six o’clock.

_______ 20. At last, I have finished this exercise.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Making Verbs Agree with their Subjects Write, on the line, the correct form of the verb in parentheses (): _______________ 1. Our ceiling leaks. Water (leak) onto the floor and loosens the tiles.

_______________ 2. Hillary runs like a gazelle. Her brother (run) like a three-legged musk ox.

_______________ 3. I care about her very much. She (care) about no one but herself.

_______________ 4. The Mobile station closes at midnight. The other stations never (close).

_______________ 5. My sisters play musical instruments. My brother (play) the radio.

_______________ 6. Your excuse sounds familiar. It (sound) like the one you gave last week.

_______________ 7. Omar complains about everything. He even (complain) about the color of the rain.

_______________ 8. My drink consists of V-8 and grenadine. Your drink (consist) of tomato juice and Sprite.

_______________ 9. Felix criticizes everyone at work. He never (criticize) himself.

_______________ 10. I refuse to apologize to Leonard. He (refuse) to speak to me.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Making Have, Do, and Be Agree with their Subjects

In the blank space, write the correct forms of the verbs in parentheses (): _______________ 1. I have an electric saxophone. My wife (have) a headache.

_______________ 2. I do my best to simplify things. Professor Legree (do) his best to make things complicated.

_______________ 3. There are strange lights in the sky. There (be) a spaceship flying around.

_______________ 4. What have the children been hiding in their rooms? Why (have) Rusty dug a deep hole in the garden?

_______________ 5. There is sugar on my hamburger. There (be) onions in my coffee.

_______________ 6. The children have an extra holiday. Why (have) the teachers gone on strike?

_______________ 7. When does Ronald return from work? (Do) we have enough time?

_______________ 8. Here are my lost socks. Now, where (be) my favorite tie?

_______________ 9. Why have you put papers on the floor? The cat and its kittens (have) a new litter box.

_______________ 10. There is a roach on the wedding cake. Where (be) all the guests?

_______________ 11. Two gray cats are sitting by our trash can. They (belong) to a neighbor.

_______________ 12. Paul is going to buy a bike. Which one (be) he going to buy?

_______________ 13. There (be) a lot of busy airports in the United States. Chicago and Atlanta have the busiest.

_______________ 14. The birthday boy is here. (Be) the ice cream and cake ready to be served?

_______________ 15. Our son just got his driver’s license. The scratches and dents on the car (be) definitely his fault.

_______________ 16. Susie cleaned the kitchen. I (do) the windows.

_______________ 17. I never go anywhere. Lois and Clark (have) one adventure after another.

_______________ 18. Murphy’s law says, “Anything that can go wrong will.” Sure enough, everything (have) gone wrong.

_______________ 19. Some people are particular about the way they dress. Black and white (be) the only colors Jermaine will wear.

________ 20. The jury came out with a verdict of guilty. There (be) no doubt that the witnesses (be) telling the truth.

Adapted from: Richard Nordquist, “Passages: A Beginning Writer’s Guide,” St. Martha’s, 1991

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

The Verb “To Be”: Present Tense Circle the form of the verb “be” that best completes each sentence. 1. When talking about your family, it (is, are) wise to be discreet.

2. The image of Lincoln (is, are) on a penny.

3. The sun and stars (is, are) luminous bodies.

4. It (is, are) paramount that you decide which college you would like to attend before it is too late to apply for the upcoming semester.

5. The owners of the bicycle shop (is, are) very amiable and helpful with advice.

6. The matriarch of our family (is, are) going to be 100 years old in August.

7. Those clothes (is, are) not deemed appropriate for this type of event.

8. Our family’s matriarch (is, are) know for passing down her recipes to all of her daughters and granddaughters.

9. The United States, Britain, France, Russia and China (is, are) permanent Security Council members of the United Nations with veto power.

10. If you (is, are) the youngest in the family, sometimes you feel like a peon because your brothers and sisters get to do things that you don’t get to do.

11. If we (is, are) very frugal this year, we can afford to go on a cruise this summer.

12. The black running in front of me (is, are) a bad omen. I think I’ll stay inside today.

13. Our opposition (is, are) not much competition. We should be able to win the game without much effort.

14. When people (is, are) faced with adversity, it is good to have a family that can help them through it.

15. James’ short, and often very pointed, poems (is, are) excellent examples of the epigram form.

16. Noah’s ingenious plan to stop the littering problem in our city (is, are) one that is admired by many of his colleagues.

17. It (is, are) very difficult for my dad to be impartial when he referees my games.

18. Many prisoners (is, are) in favor of the scheme, hoping it may deliver them more lenient sentences.

19. They will arraign the young man this morning so we want to be at the courthouse early to hear what he (is, are) being accused of.

20. Much of the terrain is virtually impassable, and large areas (is, are) unexplored.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

The Verb “To Be”: Past Tense

Circle the form of the verb “be” that best completes each sentence. 1. Jake’s parents knew his obsession with Star Trek (was, were) getting out of hand when he

insisted that they call him Mr. Spock.

2. At one time the strait separating Alaska from Russia (was, were) frozen and people migrated across it into North America.

3. We (was, were) aghast at the amount of food my uncle was able to eat.

4. People who reported at least one half hour of brick walking per week (was, were) half as likely to be overweight as those who didn’t take walks.

5. We (was, were) pretty sure that the cub had been separated from its mother for quite some time. It was ravenous when we bottle fed it.

6. When our team won the championship, we (was, were) all ecstatic.

7. With the way Jordan is constantly getting to all the meetings on time, you would think that he (was, were) omnipresent.

8. Her hearing impediment (was, were) diagnosed at a very early age, so she was able to learn to read lips and use sign language to communicate.

9. Despite losing by 200 votes, Mike said he (was, were) satisfied with his campaign.

10. Although Taylor (was, were) just a peon in the company, she hoped to work hard enough to get promoted into a more important job one day.

11. He (was, were) able to compensate for being short by making every basket he shot.

12. We (was, were) ecstatic after the degenerate moved out of our neighborhood and into a different part of the city.

13. We were pretty sure that it had been raining outside for quite some time. The newspaper (was, were) thoroughly soaked when we went out to get it.

14. Although she seemed very open to new ideas, most of her views (was, were) quite puritanical.

15. When Samuel regained his consciousness after the hard hit, he (was, were) a little dazed at first, but then remembered that he had been playing football.

16. We weren’t sure if the tome would look good on our small coffee table, but we (was, were) pleasantly surprised that the large dictionary looked great.

17. The appetizers (was, were) an excellent overture to the rest of the dinner.

18. After coming up short in the last boxing match, Dylan King (was, were) able to reclaim his title of State Champion.

19. I don’t think we are behind anybody, but I would be arrogant if I said we (was, were) significantly ahead.

20. We framed the pictures carefully, but I (was, were) entirely happy with the matte colors we chose for them.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Subject-Verb Agreement Please underline the subject in the following sentences and then provide the proper form of the verb. USE PRESENT TENSE!!! carry 1. Nobody I know __________ a gun.

work, take 2. My parents __________ two jobs while my grandmother _________ care of the children.

have 3. Most stores at the mall are __________ sales this weekend.

like 4. The guys behind the counter __________ to joke with their customers.

score 5. Two women on the team always __________ over 250.

hurt 6. The noise in the city streets sometimes __________ my ears.

live 7. One of my best friends now __________ in London.

be 8. The instructions for programming a VCR __________ confusing to many people.

be 9. Where __________ the keys to the car?

live 10. Underneath the big rock __________ hundreds of bugs.

be 11. There __________ seventeen people ahead of me in the line at the bank today.

do 12. Why __________ Gene always have to be right?

be 13. Inside each cardboard carton __________ a dozen boxes of Girl Scout Cookies.

go 14. “Everything in these three rooms ______,” Wanda told the movers.

work 15. Neither of the lights in the basement ______ .

respect 16. No one ______ a poor loser.

appear 17. Each of the fires ______ to have been set by the same arsonist.

There are more sentences on the next page.

know 18. Everybody in my apartment building ______ when someone is having a party.

stay 19. Our cats and dog ______ with a neighbor when we are on vacation.

hold 20. Staples and Scotch tape ______ all the old books in the BC library together.

require 21. My accounting class and my statistics class ______ long written reports.

like 22. Nobody ______ to be laughed at.

appear 23. The buffet chicken and the lasagna ______ to be less than appetizing.

plan 24. All the teachers except one ______ to give final exams.

give 25. The two lamps beside the couch ______ little light.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Subject-Verb Agreement Problems Make all the verbs agree with their subjects. (If changes are needed, change verbs not subjects. Two verbs may need to be changed in a sentence.) 1. The members of the public speaking club gathers in the students center every

Wednesday.

2. The fast-food wrappers in the back seat of Matt’s car reveal his eating habits over the past few weeks.

3. The green Lincoln parked by the azaleas are large and expensive, much like Uncle Ed’s other cars.

4. The hungry dogs behind the fence snaps greedily at the bowls of moistened food.

5. Almost in slow motion, a stack of chairs begin to tumble to the floor.

6. In Denise’s dreams, a large computer with sharp teeth start to chase her around the living room.

7. The coaches of the home team watches in dismay as the other team score effortlessly.

8. The shells that we found on the beach yesterday look pretty in the jar beside the window.

9. The dog, which bears a strange resemblance to its owners, lives across the street.

10. The hawk, making a third unsuccessful dive at its prey, cry out in frustration.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Indefinite Pronouns The indefinite pronouns listed below are considered singular. Add an –s to the verb in the present tense if one of these words is the subject. nobody anybody everybody somebody each anyone everyone someone either no one nothing anything everything something neither No one claims to be perfect.

Everybody plays the fool sometimes.

Each of the divers has an oxygen tank. In the blank space in front of the sentences, write the correct form of the verb which is in parentheses ():

1. ____________ Both candidates support increased defense spending. Neither of the two candidates (support) gun control.

2. ____________ Everybody wants to take classes in the morning. Nobody (want) classes in the afternoon.

3. ____________ Everyone claims he was sleeping. No one in either apartment (claim) to have heard the cries for help.

4. ____________ Both the manager and her assistant have been fired. Neither the manager nor her assistant (have) been notified.

5. ____________ Everyone has an essay to write. Nobody in the class (have) time to attend the lecture.

6. ____________ The animal acts are not the main attraction at the circus. The main attraction at the circus (be) the clowns.

7. ____________ Not one of those books belongs to me. One of these books (belong) to Amy.

8. ____________ Everything you do seems to work out perfectly. Nothing I do ever (seem) to work out at all.

9. ____________ All of the doors need to be painted. Every one of the windows (need) to be washed.

There are more sentences on the next page.

10. ____________ Those two science projects in the refrigerator are turning green. One of the projects (be) beginning to breathe.

11. ____________ The president, after a meeting with his advisors, goes to the billiard parlor to relax. Either his secretary or his masseuse (go) with him.

12. ____________ There are many interesting people living in my neighborhood. One of the most eccentric (be) Sasha Hightest.

13. ____________ Twenty teams from different schools meet once a year. These teams from all over the country (meet) in the Junior College World Series.

14. ____________ Each player admits that somebody made a mistake. Neither of the players (admit) that he made the error.

15. ____________ Gus and Merdine want a trial separation. Neither one (want) to move out of the trailer.

Irregular Verbs

Root Form -S Form Past Form Present

Participle Past

Participle B become

begin bite blow break bring build buy

becomes begins bites blows breaks brings builds buys

became began bit blew broke brought built bought

becoming beginning biting blowing breaking bringing building buying

become begun bitten blown broken brought built bought

C catch choose come cost cut

catches chooses comes costs cuts

caught chose came cost cut

catching choosing coming costing cutting

caught chose come cost cut

D do draw drink drive

does draws drinks drives

did drew drank drove

doing drawing drinking driving

done drawn drunk driven

E eat eats ate eating eaten F fall

feed feel fight find fly forget forgive

falls feeds feels fights finds flies forgets forgives

fell fed felt fought found flew forgot forgave

falling feeding feeling fighting finding flying forgetting forgiving

fallen fed felt fought found flown forgotten forgiven

G get give go grow

gets gives goes grows

got gave went grew

getting giving going growing

gotten given gone grown

H have hear hide hit hold hurt

has hears hides hits holds hurts

had heard hid hit held hurt

having hearing hiding hitting holding hurting

had heard hidden hit held hurt

K keep know

keeps knows

kept knew

keeping knowing

kept known

L lay leave lend let lie lose

lays leaves lends lets lies loses

laid left lent let lay lost

laying leaving lending letting lying losing

laid left lend let lain lost

Root Form -s Form Past Form Present

Participle Past

Participle M make

mean meet

makes means meets

made meant met

making meaning meeting

made meant met

P pay put

pays puts

paid put

paying putting

paid put

Q quit quits quit quitting quit R read

ride ring rise run

reads rides rings rises runs

read rode rang rose ran

reading riding ringing rising running

read ridden rung risen run

S say see sell send set shut sing sit sleep speak spend steal

says sees sells sends sets shuts sings sits sleeps speaks spends steals

said saw sold sent set shut sang sat slept spoke spent stole

saying seeing selling sending setting shutting singing sitting sleeping speaking spending stealing

said seen sold sent set shut sung sat slept spoken spent stolen

T take teach tear tell think throw

takes teaches tears tells thinks throws

took taught tore told thought threw

taking teaching tearing telling thinking throwing

taken taught torn told thought thrown

U understand understands understood understanding understood W wake

wear win write

wakes wears wins writes

woke wore won wrote

waking wearing winning writing

woken worn won written

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Principal Parts of Verbs PRINCIPAL PARTS OF REGULAR VERBS

Infinitive (base form of

verb)

Present Tense (3rd person

singular)

Past Tense (-d or –ed)

Present Participle

(-ing ending with helping

verb: has, am, is, are)

Past Participle have, has, had,

am, is, are, was, were

to ask Asks asked asking asked

to drop Drops dropped dropping dropped

PRINCIPAL PARTS OF IRREGULAR VERBS

Fill in the boxes, looking the verbs up in your dictionary.

Infinitive

(base form or verb)


singular)


Present Participle

(-ing word with helping verb:

has, am, is, are)



to become

to begin

to blow

to break

to bring

to catch

to choose

to cut

There is more on the next page.

Infinitive (base form or

verb)


singular)


Present Participle


has, am, is, are)



to drink

to drive

to eat

to fall

to feel

to find

to freeze

to get

to go

to hide

to know

to lay

to leave

to lend

to lie (tell untruth

to lie (on a bed)

to lose

to make

to read

to ride


Infinitive (base form or

verb)


singular)


Present Participle


has, am, is, are)



to rise

to sell

to set

to sew

to shake

to sit

to sleep

to shave

to spend

to swim

to take

to teach

to tell

to think

to throw

to wear

to win

to write

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Present and Past Tenses: Irregular Verbs Most verbs are regular verbs, which means we add -d or -ed to them to form the past tense. Verbs that do not add -d or -ed to form the past tense are called irregular verbs. Use your dictionary to find the past tense of irregular verbs or consult the chart of irregular verbs.

EXERCISE 1A

All of the verbs in the following sentences are past tense forms of irregular verbs. Underline the verbs. Identify the subject pronoun and write the present tense forms of the verbs on the blank lines to the right.

EXAMPLE: Ricardo and his father rose early. _rise____

1. Ricardo and his father drove to the lake cabin together. __________

2. The next morning they saw a bright frost on the grass. __________

3. The sweet smell of coffee came from the kitchen. __________

4. After a breakfast of fruit and pancakes, they took a boat out on

the lake. __________

5. Ricardo held tightly to the fishing pole. __________

6. He threw the line far out into the water. __________

7. Suddenly the rod bent in his hands. __________

8. A large trout hung on his hook. __________

9. He brought the large trout into the boat. __________

10. Ricardo and his father caught several fish that day. __________

EXERCISE 2B

All of the verbs in the following sentences are present tense forms of irregular verbs. Underline the verbs. Write the past tense forms of the verbs on the blank lines at the right.

EXAMPLE: The convention begins on Thursday. __began__

1. Jugglers meet once a year at an international convention. __________

2. They come from all age groups and many occupations. __________

3. Each performer gives a demonstration of a specialty. __________

4. Everyone makes a unique presentation. __________

5. These artists throw just about everything from cigar boxes to

bean bags up in the air. __________

6. Some people ride unicycles during their performances __________

7. One man even eats parts of an apple and a cucumber in his act. __________

8. The experts have their names in the Guinness Book of World

Records. __________

9. An Italian man holds one of the first such records: ten balls or

eight plates in motion at once. __________

10. Jugglers, amateur or professional, keep things on the move. __________

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Verb Tense Shifts Correct any verb tense shifts in the following sentences. If the tense shift is OKAY, circle the number of the sentence. 1. Martha expertly fixed the hole in the kitchen wall while her husband watches.

2. John has finished the evening cabinet-making course, and he hopes to make a large

cabinet for his stereo.

3. Florence made a big pot of baked beans and takes it to the family reunion.

4. The college library opens every weekday at 8:00 a.m. and closed ats midnight.

5. Barry’s insomnia began after he starts watching Chiller Thriller Theater every night on

television.

6. The haunting sound of an owl’s cry echoes through the forest as the campers paused to

listen.

7. Francine walks her Irish setter, Rufus, every day, but someone else will walk him today

since Francine is out of town.

8. The light changed from red to green, and the impatient driver behind Bernice honks his

horn loudly.

9. The audience was caught up in the tension of the play, but just at the crucial moment

someone’s beeper goes off.

10. Harold is here today, but he will be on vacation next week.

11. Rudy arrived at work half an hour late and finds his boss waiting for him at the door.


12. Harold felt full and uncomfortable from the four slices of pizza he eats an hour ago.

13. Charlene complains every day about the temperature in the office, but no one ever

listened.

14. When her doorbell rang, Alicia looked out the window and saw a short, well-dressed

man carrying a large vacuum cleaner.

15. I have looked over your offer, and I am considering it carefully.

16. Renata planned to study for her test last night, but she falls asleep with the book in her

hand.

17. The convenience store sells bread but stocked only one brand.

18. The judge heard the closing arguments and then gives the jury its final instructions.

19. When Jason arrives at the house, he notices the front door standing open.

20. By tomorrow, Marcia will have finished the book that she started yesterday.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Compound Sentence Lesson 1A Instructions: 1. Do the Subject-Verb Identification Procedure on each sentence. 2. Underline the complete verb(s) in each sentence with two lines. 3. Underline the subject(s) in each sentence with one line. 4. In the blank to the left of the sentence, write the correct sentence formula for the


Example: __I,cI__ 0. We went to the park, and the children played on the slides.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ F S V

Formulas

______ 1. The hail was falling, and the wind was blowing.

______ 2. Nothing could be done; the freezing wind had frozen the door shut.

______ 3. Sam got a shovel; Mark grabbed a metal pole.

______ 4. The men hit the ice, but it would not break.

______ 5. Finally, Jim built a fire near the door, so the ice would melt.

______ 6. The pair had to get inside the cabin, or they would freeze to death.

______ 7. They were shaking; the temperature was 10° below zero.

______ 8. Jim could not move his fingers, nor could he feel his toes.

______ 9. Sam forced the door open, and they dashed inside.

______ 10. Then they built a fire in the fireplace, for now it was time to warm up.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Compound Sentence Lesson 1B Instructions: 1. Do the Subject-Verb Identification Procedure on each sentence. 2. Underline the complete verb(s) in each sentence with two lines. 3. Underline the subject(s) in each sentence with one line. 4. In the blank to the left of the sentence, write the correct sentence formula for the


Example: __I, cI__ 0. We went to the park, and the children played on the slides.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

F S V

Formulas

______ 1. Sam and Nick went for a hike; it was a lovely spring morning.

______ 2. The sun was shining, and the sky was clear.

______ 3. The men soon were lost, for they had forgotten the compass.

______ 4. Sam seemed afraid, but Nick showed courage.

______ 5. The hikers climbed to the mountaintop, so they could see clearly and could get their directions.

______ 6. Sam prepared the food; Nick started the fire.

______ 7. The climbers were starving, yet they stored some supplies for the next day.

______ 8. The couple climbed the mountain; the sun was low to the sky.

______ 9. Soon they found the trail; it was hidden in the underbrush.

______ 10. The hikers got home at dusk, for their adventure had taken all day.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Compound Sentence Lesson 2A Instructions: 1. Complete each of the following sentences to make a compound sentence by adding an

independent clause. Match your sentence to the listed formula, and use the conjunction in parentheses if one is required. Be sure to include a comma or semicolon in each sentence.

2. Do the Subject-Verb Identification Procedure to the clause you have added to the sentence.

3. Underline the complete verb(s) in each sentence with two lines. 4. Underline the subject(s) in each sentence with one line. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Example: I, cI 0. We could not pick the apples, nor could we pick the oranges.

(nor) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

M C S&V

Formulas & Conjunctions

I,cI (and)

1. Janice rode her bicycle to work ___________________________ ____________________________________________________________

I;I 2. Jeff wanted to leave later _________________________________ ____________________________________________________________

I,cI (yet)

3. She talked to him about coming to the picnic ___________ ____________________________________________________________

I,cI (for)

4. The baseball field was ruined _____________________________ ____________________________________________________________

I,cI (nor)

5. Luis did not finish his homework ________________________ ____________________________________________________________

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Compound Sentence Lesson 2B Instructions: 1. Complete each of the following sentences to make a compound sentence by adding an




Example: I, c I 0. We could not pick the apples, nor could we pick the oranges.

(nor) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

M C S&V


I,cI (and)

1. Josh rose at 6:30 A.M. to finish his homework ________ __________________________________________________________

I,cI (for)

2. Alicia and Daniel ignored Martha’s warning _________ __________________________________________________________

I,cI (or)

3. They must leave now ___________________________________ __________________________________________________________

I,cI (nor)

4. The child did not laugh _________________________________ __________________________________________________________

I;I 5. Unemployment was declining _________________________ __________________________________________________________

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Compound Sentence Lesson 2C Instructions: 1. Complete each of the following sentences to make a compound sentence by adding an





(nor) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________


I,cI (but)

1. They started to go to the movies ___________________________ ______________________________________________________________

I;I 2. The sky looked cloudy ______________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

I,cI (for)

3. Vinnie could not take the boys to the museum ___________ ______________________________________________________________

I,cI (and)

4. Jake was winning ____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

I,cI (or)

5. The experiment must be completed today ________________ ______________________________________________________________

I,cI (nor)

6. The president will not meet with us _______________________ ______________________________________________________________

I,cI (yet)

7. She looked all around _______________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

I;I 8. Bob and Angie want to wait at the park ___________________ ______________________________________________________________

I,cI (so)

9. The college will be closed Sunday _________________________ ______________________________________________________________

I;I 10. The horn honked ___________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Compound Sentence Lesson 2D Instructions: 1. Complete each of the following sentences to make a compound sentence by adding an





(nor) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________


I,cI (and)

1. A team of doctors went to Russia __________________________ ______________________________________________________________

I,cI (for)

2. The theatre was filled to capacity _________________________ ______________________________________________________________

I;I 3. Efficient studying and active listening are important ____ ______________________________________________________________

I,cI (nor)

4. Lois did not want to dance __________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

I,cI (so)

5. We have enough time for a swim __________________________ ______________________________________________________________

I;I 6. The stereo cost $100 to repair______________________________ ______________________________________________________________

I,cI (or)

7. You should give her that pen _______________________________ ______________________________________________________________

I,cI (but)

8. Jesse gets his new scooter on Monday ____________________ ______________________________________________________________

I,cI (yet)

9. The dress seemed to fit ____________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

I;I 10. The hospital asked for blood donors ______________________ ______________________________________________________________

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Compound Sentence Lesson 3A Instructions: 1. For the first eight sentences, write a compound sentence to match the listed

formulas. Include the conjunction in parentheses if one is required. Remember to punctuate each sentence correctly.

2. For the last two sentences, choose a formula for a compound sentence from your Formula Card. Write the formula on the blank to the left of the sentence. Write a sentence that matches the formula you have chosen.

3. Be sure to check each sentence using the Subject-Verb Identification Procedure. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example:

I,cI (and)

0. The checkered flag was lowered, and the crowd roared.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

M C


I,cI (for)

1. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

I,cI (but)

2. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

I;I

3. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

I,cI (and)

4. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

I,cI (so)

5. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

I,cI (yet)

6. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

I,cI (or)

7. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

I;I

8. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

______ 9. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

______ 10. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Compound Sentence Lesson 3B Instructions: 1. For the first eight sentences, write a compound sentence to match the listed

formulas. Include the conjunction in parentheses if one is required. Remember to punctuate each sentence correctly.

2. For the last two sentences, choose a formula for a compound sentence from your Formula Card. Write the formula on the blank to the left of the sentence. Write a sentence that matches the formula you have chosen.

3. Be sure to check each sentence using the Subject-Verb Identification Procedure. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Example:

I,cI (and)

0. The checkered flag was lowered, and the crowd roared.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

M C


I,cI (yet)

1. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

I,cI (nor)

2. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

I;I

3. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

I,cI (but)

4. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

I;I

5. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

I,cI (for)

6. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

I,cI (and)

7. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

I,cI (so)

8.

_________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

______ 9. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

______ 10. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Compound Sentence or Not?

Decide whether the following sentences are simple (SV, SVV, etc.) or compound (I, cI), and write the formula on the line. Start by underlining all of the subjects and double-underlining all of the verbs. Add commas to the compound sentences. Formula 1. Juan is good at math and writes well, too.

2. Juan is good at math and he writes well, too.

3. Susan is very attractive but she sees herself as ugly.

4. Susan is really very attractive but doesn’t think so.

5. The night air was foggy and chilly.

6. The night air was foggy and it was chilly.

7. Ross is excited about going to college and is applying to several places.

8. Ross is excited about going to college and he is applying to several places.

9. Amber wanted to go to her prom but she couldn’t find a date.

10. Amber wanted to go to her prom but couldn’t find a date.

Confusing Words

These words are used all the time, so you need to know them. Find the ones that give you trouble and study those.

a Use before words starting with consonant sounds or long u (a bat, a cat, a union)

an Use before words starting with vowels or pronounced as if they did (an age, an egg, an hour, an M&M)

accept To take, to receive : I gladly accept your praise.

except Not including: Everyone except Noah voted yes.

affect To change or influence: Starlight affects us in ways we don’t understand.

effect The result, the consequence; Effect is usually a noun, so you’ll find the or an in front. We are studying the effects of starlight on human beings.

etc. Abbreviation of et cetera, which means “and so forth” in Latin. The t is in the middle, the c is at the end, followed by a period. Don’t write “and etc.” We bought confetti, serpentine, fireworks, etc., for the party.

good, well Test by trying your sentence with both. If well fits, use it. He plays third base well. He is a good third baseman.

it’s It is. Test by substituting it is. It’s easy.

its Possessive: Every goat is attached to its own legs. No apostrophe. “It is” cannot be substituted.

lay To put something down. -ing: She is laying out the facts. Past tense: He laid the book on the table. Once you lay something down, it lies there.

lie To recline. Lie down. Past tense (here’s the tricky part): lay Yesterday I lay down for half an hour.

loose Not tight. After he lost thirty pounds, his jeans were all loose.

lose To misplace. I constantly lose my glasses. To be defeated. I win; you lose.

no, new, now, know, knew

No is negative; new is not old; now is the present moment. Know and knew refer to knowledge

of, have Remember: could have, should have, would have, NOT could of, would of, should of

Continued on the next page.

passed A course, a car, a football; also, passed away (died) Kirtley passed me on the street; he also passed English. Saturday he passed for two touchdowns. The coach passed away.

past Yesterdays (the past; past events); also, beyond. He can never forget his past romances. You can’t live in the past. Go two miles past the railroad tracks.

quiet He is the quiet type.

quit She quit her job the day she won the lottery.

quite The monkeys are quite noisy today.

than Comparison I’d rather dance than eat.

then Next And then it happened.

their Something is theirs. You hurt their feelings.

there A place; Go over there. There is… There are … There was … There were … There are a thousand reasons why I fear her.

they’re They are. They’re hard to handle.

to Direction: Give it to me. Go to New York. A verb form: To see, to run to be. (Note that you barely pronounce “to”.)

too Very: Too hot, too bad, too late, too much. Also: Me, too! (Note that you pronounce “too” clearly.)

were Past tense: You were; we were; they were.

we’re Contraction for we are: We’re as silly as can be.

where A Place: Where are you?

whether Not weather—rain or snow; Tell me whether or not you love me.

who’s Contraction for who is: Who’s there? Who’s coming with us?

whose Possessive: “ Whose diamond is this?

women Several of them. This woman is different from all other women.

Don’t write a women.

your Belonging to you. Use only for your house, your car—not when you mean you are.

you’re You are. You’re handsome.

More Confusing Words

There are a number of words that are mistaken for one another because they are homonyms: words that are pronounced the same (or almost the same) but are spelled differently and are different in meaning. THE BIG FOUR The following four groups of homonyms cause writers the most trouble: Its belonging to it it’s contraction of “it is”

If the house doesn’t get its roof replaced soon, it’s going to be full of water. (If the house doesn’t get the roof belonging to it repaired, it is going to be full of water. Use it’s whenever you can substitute “it is”.)

It’s a shame that the new restaurant lost its license. (It is a shame that the new restaurant lost the license belonging to it.)

Their belonging to them There (1) in that place; (2) used with is, are, was, were, and other forms of the verb to be they’re contraction of they are

The coach told the players there was no use for their unprofessional behavior; they’re going to run extra laps as punishment. (The coach told the players there was no excuse for the unprofessional behavior belonging to them; they are going to run extra laps as punishment.)

Their bodies were discovered over there in a shallow grave; tomorrow there’ll be an autopsy to determine the cause of death. (The bodies belonging to them were discovered over in that place in a shallow grave; tomorrow there will be an autopsy to determine the cause of death.)

To (1) used before a verb, as in “to say”; (2) toward Too (1) overly or extremely; (2) also Two the number 2

It would be too confusing to name the baby Lucy; her mother and two of her aunts are named Lucy too. (it would be overly confusing to name [verb] the baby Lucy; her mother and 2 of her aunts are named Lucy, also.)

Let’s go to the mall to look for clothes, unless you are too tired. (Let’s go toward the mall to look [verb] for clothes, unless you are overly tired.

Your belonging to you You’re contraction of “you are”

If you’re going out in the downpour, take your umbrella. (If you are going out in this downpour, take the umbrella belonging to you.)

Do you think your family will be upset when they learn you’re moving to Alaska? (Do you think the family belonging to you will be upset when they learn you are moving to Alaska?)

PRACTICE Underline the correct homonym in each group.

1. (Its, It’s) a shame (its, it’s) going to rain today; we won’t be able to give the front

porch (its, it’s ) second coat of paint.

2. The drivers say that if (their, there, they’re) not going to get (their, there, they’re)

new contract, (their, there, they’re) going to strike.

3. Having (to, too, two) read and take notes on (to, too, two) chapters a night is simply

(to, too, two) much work.

4. (Your, You’re) not serious when you say (your, you’re) planning to sell (your,

you’re) house and live in a tent in the woods, are you?

OTHER COMMON HOMONYMS Brake (1) to slow or to stop; (2) the mechanism that stops a moving vehicle

Break (1) to cause to come apart; (2) to bring to an end

If you don’t brake your sled as you go down the icy hill, you could easily break a leg.

Hear to take in by ear; to be informed

Here in this place

The music here near the band is so loud that I can’t hear you.

Hole an empty or hollow spot

Whole complete or entire

The mechanic examined the whole surface of the flat tire before finding a tiny hole near the rim.

Knew (the past tense of know) understood or was aware of

New (1) Not old; (2) recently arrived

Jay knew he needed a new bike when his old one broke down again yesterday. Know to understand or be aware of

No (1) Not any; (2) the opposite of yes

I have no idea how much other people know about my divorce.

Passed (the past tense of pass) (1) handed to; (2) went by; (3) completed succesfully

Past (1) the time before the present; (2) by

As Ben walked past Sharon’s desk, he passed her a Valentine and pleaded, “Let’s forget about the past and be friends again.”

Peace calmness or quiet

Piece a portion of something

The usual peace of the house was disturbed when my brother discovered someone had eaten a piece of the cake he had baked for his girlfriend’s birthday.

Plain (1) not fancy; (2) obvious; (3) straightforward

Plane a shortened form of airplane

It was plain to see that a plane had recently landed in the muddy field.

Right (1) correct; (2) the opposite of left

Write to form letters and words

I can write clearly using my right hand; when I use my left, my writing is illegible.

Than a word used in comparisons

Then at that time; next

First Aaron realized he was driving faster than the speed limit; then he saw the police car behind him.

Threw (the past tense of throw) tossed

Through (1) Into and out of; (2) finished

Yesterday I went through my old letters and threw most of them away.

Wear to put on (as with clothing)

Where in what place or to what place

Because Samantha was not told where her friends were taking her for her birthday, she had trouble deciding what to wear.

Weather outside conditions (rain, wind, temperature, etc.)

Whether If

The weather won’t spoil my vacation, whether it rains or not, my dyas will be spent on the beach.

Whose belonging to whom

Who’s contraction of “who is” or “who has”

The boss yelled, “Who’s responsible for this mistake? Whose fault is it?

One Word or Two?

If you can put another word between them, you’ll know to keep them separate. Otherwise, you’ll have to check them one by one. a lot I like you a lot—a whole lot. (A lot is always written as two words.)

all ready We were all ready for Grandpa’s wedding.

already Helen already has plans for Saturday.

all right It’s all right with me if you want to quit.

a long Childhood seems like a long time.

Along Come along to the carnival.

a part I want a part of the American pie.

apart Even when we’re apart, I think of you.

everybody Everybody in the room danced to the music.

every day It rains every day, every single day.

everyday I put on my everyday clothes.

every one He ate every one of the cookies—every last one.

everyone Everyone likes pizza.

in depth Study the biology textbook in depth.

in fact In fact, Janine wasn’t in the room when the ruckus started.

in order In order to prove her point, Marty climbed onto the desk.

in spite of I like you in spite of your churlish disposition.

into Ann Appleton fell into an easy job.

itself The car sunned itself.

myself I fixed the car myself.

no one On one ever calls me anymore.

nowadays Nowadays, they call ice boxes “refrigerators.”

nevertheless Nevertheless, Billy’s in for a tough caompaign.

some time I need some time alone.

sometimes Sometimes I get the blues.

somehow Somehow the laundry never gets done.

throughout Throughout the entire summer, David lounged on the beach.

whenever Whenever I hear that song, I start to cry.

whereas I’m always on time, whereas my brother is always late.

wherever Wherever Lillian goes, she goes in style.

withheld Joe withheld the rent because the roof leaked.

without You’ll never catch Pearl without her sunglasses.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Homonyms A homonym is a word that sounds like another but is spelled differently. Cross out the WRONG one in the sentences below.

1. (You’re, Your) the only student (who’s, whose) always (here, hear) on time.

2. (Its, it’s) difficult to (break, brake) the habit of smoking.

3. I never (new, knew) that (there, they’re) could be such a problem as having (too, to)

little money to get through the month.

4. The Fergusons found that (there, their) dog hat eaten the (hole, whole) ham.

5. The (plain, plane) had (two, too) engines, and one of them caught on fire.

6. If the house doesn’t get (its, it’s) roof repaired soon, (its, it’s) going to be full of water.

7. The coach told the players that (there, their, they’re) was no excuse for (there, their,

they’re) unprofessional behavior; (there, their, they’re) going to run extra laps as

punishment.

8. It would be (too, to, two) confusing to name the baby Lucy; her mother and (to, two,

too) of her aunts are named Lucy (to, too, two.)

9. If (your, you’re) going out in the rain, take (your, you’re) umbrella.

10. As Ben walked (past, passed) Sharon’s desk, he (past, passed) her a Valentine and

pleaded, “Let’s forget about the (past, passed) and be friends again.”

11. Yesterday I went (through, threw) my old letters and (through, threw) most of them

away.

12. I can (write, right) clearly with my (write, right) hand but not with my left.


13. Because Samantha was not told (where, wear) her friends were taking her for her

birthday, she had trouble deciding what to (where, wear).

14. The (weather, whether) will not spoil my vacation; (weather, whether) it rains or not,

my days will be spent on the beach.

15. Did you (here, hear) the old legend about a famous bank robber who is buried (here,

hear)?

16. The call of a bluejay about to feed on a (peace, piece) of bread was the only sound

heard amidst the (peace, piece) and quiet.

17. The (new, knew) student in Spanish class (new, knew) how to speak better than

anyone else.

18. Those cans of tuna have (already, all ready) been stacked too high; they appear

(already, all ready) to fall upon an unlucky shopper.

19. The telephone operators are required to take a (course, coarse) in phone etiquette to

insure that they do not treat customers in a (course, coarse) manner.

20. The children’s poor health (led, lead) the doctor to suspect they were being poisoned

by (led, lead) based paint in their home.

21. The (principal, principle) said, “Our (principal, principle) is simple. If you bring drugs

to school, you’re out of here.”

22. All the workers (except, accept) the part-timers voted to (except, accept) the new

contract.

23. The heavy rain the night before did not (affect, effect) the success of the picnic; in fact,

the rain had the (affect, effect) of clearing the air for a beautiful day.

24. A contest (among, between) ten candidates has finally come down to a choice (among,

between) two people.

25. “This house is (quite, quiet, quit) noisy,” said the babysitter. “If you don’t (quite, quiet,

quit) down, I’m going to (quite, quiet, quit) being so patient.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

More about Homonyms: Quiz 1

Circle the words that correctly fit each sentence. 1. At first, the motion of the airplane bothered Randall, but (by, buy) the time the flight

was over, he was (use, used) to it.

2. Even people who won’t usually take (advice, advise) somehow (except, accept) it

from Rosalie.

3. The (principal, principle) of my old school (quit, quite, quiet) his job to stay home

and take care of his grandchildren.

4. Despite the terrible (effects, affects) of the earthquake, people didn’t (loose, lose)

their sense of humor.

5. One benefit of watching (less, fewer) TV is that you are exposed to (less, fewer)

commercials.

6. When Eleanor learned that she had (pass, passed) her POW exam, she disturbed her

usually (quiet, quite, quit) house with a shout of joy.

7. Tonight (we’re, were) going to see (a, an) old movie called “The Three Faces of Eve.”

8. A basic (principal, principle) that (a, an) student doctor learns in training is “First,

do no harm.”

9. In order to (lose, loose) weight, it’s better to exercise and eat sensibly (than, then) to

starve yourself.

10. I am more (use, used) to spending an evening watching TV (than, then) reading or

exercising.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

More about Homonyms: Quiz 2

Circle the words that correctly fit each sentence. 1. Tomorrow (were, we’re) going to buy (a, an) afghan for Mommy.

2. Gina likes to hike into the (dessert, desert) because of the sense of (piece, peace) she

feels there.

3. Some of the best (advice, advise) I ever got was this: “When you (lose, loose) your

temper, count to ten before you speak.”

4. First we’ll have salad, (then, than) a main course, and finally (dessert, desert).

5. Because (were, we’re) going to be traveling in a hot climate, I packed clothes that

were (lose, loose) and cool.

6. Some medications, unfortunately, have (quite, quit, quiet) a few unpleasant side

(effects, affects).

7. More than half of today’s college students are female; far (fewer, less) women went

to college in the (passed, past).

8. The boy, who was a poor sport, would (quite, quit, quiet) the game early if he saw he

was going to (lose, loose).

9. Even though the job doesn’t pay much now, I strongly (advise, advice) you to

(accept, except) it. It’s a wonderful opportunity.

10. Until my graduation, I had never seen our (principal, principle) wear anything other

(than, then) a suit and tie.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Even More about Homonyms: Quiz 1

Circle the words that best fit the meaning of the sentence. 1. Because (its, it’s) (a, an, and) beautiful day, I’ve decided to (accept, except) (your,

you’re) invitation.

2. (To, Two, Too) days before, he decided that (to, two, too) many people were involved.

3. George, Tom (a, an, and) Harry were gravely (affected, effected) by (their, there,

they’re) first –grade teacher.

4. She (use, used) to go swimming every day.

5. (Hear, Here) are the books, and (their, there, they’re) are the students.

6. If you climb four flights of stairs, (your, you’re) likely to (loose, lose) (your, you’re) (breath, breathe).

7. First, you must (choose, chose) (among, between) French, German, and Italian for (your, you’re) language requirement.

8. You weren’t (suppose, supposed) to do that.

9. Have you (passed, past) any course yet?

10. On his (advice, advise) she (bought, brought) some stock with all her available

(capital, capitol).

11. (Who’s, Whose) to say that sunny (weather, whether) is the best?

12. Are you (quiet, quite) sure he meant to (complement, compliment) her on the (dessert, desert)?

13. I (adviced, advised) him to quit his job (quiet, quite) a long time ago.

14. (Weather, Whether) or not you (use, used) to eat strawberries in not important.

15. The (passed, past) few weeks have been (quiet, quite) hard on her.

16. The millionaire couldn’t decide whether to (leave, let) his money to charity or to his wastrel nephew.

17. Light beer, which is really just a watered down product, has (fewer, less) calories

than, then) regular beer.

18. Ever since she was a child, that girl has had (alot, a lot) of problems.

19. If the school goes to Washington, D.C., will the students visit the (capital, capitol, Capitol)?

20. Many people misunderstood (a, an, and) instructor’s function: it is to (learn, teach). Only the student himself can (learn, teach).

21. The (break, brake) on the winch failed, our piano crashed to the ground.

22. As the bombs (bust, burst) around him, Francis Scott Key thought of the (rites,

rights, writes) the new country had fought for in the Revolution.

23. On what (cite, sight, site) do you plan to build your new house?

24. The Christmas choir was (lead, led) by a rotund man in a red suit.

25. In the class (preceding, proceeding) lunch, we will discuss Plato’s Republic.

26. As the reluctant private (raised, rose) his hand to volunteer for the dangerous mission, the captain knew that her squad members would cooperate with one another.

27. Henry David Thoreau like to joke that he was a (thorough, through) man.

28. On our next trip to Europe, we plan to see the (cites, sites, sights) of Rome and Athens.

29. In your research paper, how many authors did you (cite, site, sight)?

30. Many primitive cultures have strict initiation (rights, rites, writes) for adolescents.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Even More about Homonyms: Quiz 2 Each sentence in the following paragraph is numbered. If all the words in the sentence are correctly used, write C next to the number of the sentence. If one or more of the words are misused, write WW next to the number, then correct all errors. ____(1) I said I was going too the store to buy ice cream, and Mary said she’d come

along to. ____(2) As we passed the Victorian mansion, she began to complement me on my

outfit; she liked the jogging shorts with the tuxedo shirt. ____(3) Then Mary embarrassed

me again buy asking whether I would except a small gift from her. ____(4) What was I

supposed too do? _____(5) I had to explain that I was use to acting on principal and so I

could not accept the gift. ____(6) Furthermore, I offered her some unsolicited advise, which

she wasn’t too happy to hear. ____(7) I told her to save her money until she had

accumulated two hundred dollars. ____(8) At that time, she should invest her capitol in a

blue-chip stock portfolio. ____(9) The last time I heard from Mary, she was doing quiet well.

____(10) She was deciding which suitor to accept; her choices were the man who brought

her to ten-carat diamond rings or the other man. ____(11) She wasn’t sure weather she’d be

happy with the rich man or the poor man.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Proofreading for Confused and Misused Words

Proofread the following paragraph carefully for confused and misused words. If there is a problem, correct the error. If all the words in the sentence are correctly used, circle the number of the sentence.

1. The principle’s advise was not easy to except.

2. I had to decide between college, a job, and my own goals.

3. This meant I had to chose weather to please myself or a authority figure.

4. What a dilemma this was!

5. Ultimately, I opted for a cop-out.

6. Because I couldn’t find enough capitol to start a business, I was forced to put my dreams on hold.

7. On the other hand, college just wasn’t a viable option; I would have had to a lot too much time to that undertaking.

8. So I chose to get a job.

9. Believe it or not, I’m all ready beginning to regret my decision because I don’t like having to jump every time someone says “Come hear.”

10. Its just not the way I imagined the world of work would be.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Introduction to Run-On Sentences

A run-on sentence is defined as a sentence that contains two or more independent clauses (separate thoughts containing both subject and verb) which are improperly joined: Mark the place between the two fused thoughts with a /. 1. It’s easy to begin smoking it’s much harder to quit.

2. Some people at the office have been laid off the other workers are nervous.

3. The patient’s blood pressure was low his temperature was low as well.

4. Test anxiety is a very real condition some symptoms are stomach cramps and

headaches.

5. Computer skills are useful in college they will help you in the job market as well.

6. I’d love to go out to eat tonight I’m short right now on money.

7. Cindy has a broken foot she won’t do any hiking this fall.

8. Jeff was talking on the phone he was switching TV channels with his remote control at

the same time.

9. I chose the shortest check-out line at the supermarket then the one customer in front of

me pulled out dozens of coupons.

10. The electricity at the mall went out all the stores had to close early.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Combining Sentences

Mark the place between the two fused thoughts with a /.

The kettle whistled furiously the toast smoldered the cat nibbled the bacon there

was a crash a juice glass smashed against the wall the baby started to cry the other children

screamed they kicked one another little Vera had an egg in her fist she hurled it the egg

splattered against the wall Howie did his imitation of a police siren Godfrey banged his

head against the refrigerator the children’s mother did not hear anything she sat out on the

front steps she sipped tea there were planes overhead she watched them a taxi pulled up to

the curb the cab driver honked the horn the children’s mother climbed into the cab she

stared straight ahead the cab drove off the woman had no intention of ever returning.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Correcting Run-Ons in a Paragraph

The following paragraph has five run-on sentences. Some of the run-ons are fused; some of them are comma splices. Find the run-ons and correct each one using a period, a semi-colon, or a comma and a coordinating conjunction. Vary your correction choices.

Dance Theatre of Harlem (DTH) was co-founded in 1969 by the late Karel Shook and

by Arthur Mitchell, Mitchell began the company for the people of Harlem after Dr. Martin

Luther King, Jr., was killed. Thirty-two years later, DTH is widely acclaimed as a major

cultural organization it includes a world-class ballet company, an accredited school of

dance, and the Dance Theater of Harlem School. In addition to breaking barriers around the

world, DTH runs an arts education and community outreach program called Dancing

Through the Barriers the outreach program attempts to introduce dance to people of all

cultures, ages, and backgrounds. Each part of the DTH works to enrich people’s lives

through dance, it even makes connections between ballet and athletics. People around the

world look forward to seeing the Dance Theatre of Harlem perform DTH has grown into a

respected, multicultural ballet company.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Fused Sentences and Punctuation

In the blank at the left of the sentence, write C if the sentence is correctly punctuated. Write F if the sentence is a fused sentence. Correctly punctuate the fused sentences. 1. _______College offers many opportunities to ambitious students however each person

must decide to take advantage of them.

2. _______On sunny, hot days we like to swim; the cool water is so refreshing. 3. _______Left-handed people face many obstacles few ordinary items—such as can

openers and doors—are designed for them. 4. _______Tomorrow is another day, and I sure hope it’s a better one. 5. _______Tryouts for the soccer team went well fifty girls qualified. 6. _______The lights in the room keep blinking I think there’s a short in the wires. 7. _______The automobile industry is less successful today than in past years because new

cars cost too much for most people. 8. _______There was a time when a young man held a door open for a young lady that

time has passed. 9. _______Most people don’t realize that the dictionary offers a plethora of valuable

information they use it only to look up word definitions. 10. _______Computers are quickly replacing typewriters, yet some writers prefer their

trusted manuals. 11. _______Registration is a long, boring process it is too bad that they can’t shorten it

somehow. 12. _______Now is the time to register to vote, for the elections are scheduled for two

weeks from now. 13. _______I think clocks should be outlawed they put too much pressure on people.


14. _______East Texas offers a variety of landscapes; rice paddies flourish in the southern section, and rolling hills cover the middle section.

15. _______Whoever invented Silly Putty probably made a fortune I’d like to meet him or her.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Comma Spliced Sentences

Correct the comma splices below by creating D,I or ID sentences. 1. A mystery movie is playing at the Roxie, a science fiction film is showing at the

Strand. 2. Juan drives a taxicab, Steve drives a truck. 3. You look under “Physicians” in the Yellow pages of the telephone directory to find a

doctor, you look under “Beauty Salons” to find a hairdresser. 4. Their apartment has a swimming pool, it doesn’t have a sauna. 5. First Yvonne paid to register her car, then she bought automobile insurance. 6. We can eat at a restaurant, we can buy TV dinners and eat at home. 7. Cheryl returned five books to the library yesterday, she had to pay an overdue fine. 8. Carlos used to smoke, he doesn’t smoke any more. 9. The days are getting colder, we have started turning on the heat. 10. Every day Eugenio drives Lily to school, he picks her up after her last class. Correct the same comma splices below by creating I, cI sentences (FANBOYS). 1. A mystery movie is playing at the Roxie. A science fiction film is showing at the

Strand

2. Juan drives a taxicab, Steve drives a truck.

3. You look under “Physicians” in the Yellow Pages of the telephone directory to find a doctor, you look under “Beauty Salons” to find a hairdresser.

4. Their apartment has a swimming pool, it doesn’t have a sauna.

5. First Yvonne paid to register her car, then she bought automobile insurance.

6. We can eat at a restaurant, we can buy TV dinners and eat at home.

7. Cheryl returned five books to the library yesterday, she had to pay an overdue fine.

8. Carlos used to smoke, he doesn’t smoke any more.

9. The days are getting colder, we have started turning on the heat.

10. Every day Eugenio drives Lily to school, he picks her up after her last class.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Correcting Sentences

The following passage contains run-ons. Make the appropriate corrections.

John, a young man living in Nebraska, was a bright student he was accepted at

the University of Pennsylvania. His parents were not wealthy, they did everything they

could to make his trip possible. John worked very hard at the university he wrote his

parents frequently. One day his parents received a message with tragic news. John had

been mailing a letter, a group of boys ganged up on him. They beat him, then they took

his wallet. He was taken to the hospital, he was too badly hurt to live. John’s parents

mourned for their son, they were sad as well as that the boys could receive the death

penalty. The boys were poor and had no education the parents felt sorry for them. They

wrote the judge hearing the boys’ case and asked that the boys be given the lightest

sentence possible. They wanted the boy’s to have a second change they even set up a

trust fund to help them get training and jobs. John’s parents had lost their son, they did

not want his life to go to waste.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Fragments and Punctuation

Decide whether each group of words below is a sentence or a fragment. If the group of words is a sentence, write C in blank. If the group of words is a fragment, write Frag in the blank. Correct the fragments.

1. _______A library which can be an interesting place.

2. _______A small town in upstate New York.

3. _______Had been a shoe salesman many years ago.

4. _______The boys playing golf at the country club.

5. _______Before heading for home, their son had another cup of coffee.

6. _______Although pregnancy requires a woman to modify her diet.

7. _______After they tried to defraud the government on their federal income tax return.

8. _______The beautiful girl with the long blond hair and the bright red shirt.

9. _______Retired to Arizona with one cat, two dogs, and a snake.

10. _______The teacher grading the papers with a heavy heart.

11. _______Since the air conditioner broke.

12. _______He tried hard to convince the jury, but to no avail.

13. _______The car refusing to start.

14. _______Even though an attendance book is a legal document.

15. _______The canister on the right with the red flower on it.

16. _______Have been through so much, have suffered so much hardship, but I remained

married.

17. _______The child had a lollipop which broke when she fell.

18. _______Because loneliness is a dreaded disease, too.

19. _______On a beautiful day no one wants to remain indoors.

20. _______The pack of dogs fighting on the street corner.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Identifying Fused and Fragment Sentences

Write Fused for the fused sentences, Frag. for the Fragments, and I for the independent clauses (complete sentence) in the blank before each item. 1. _______The cafeteria is a very lively place on campus.

2. _______Students coming and going and the sound of the jukebox.

3. _______Some people try to study there do they really learn anything that way.

4. _______A luncheon special each day of the week.

5. _______Service is fast the line moves quickly.

6. _______Students sometimes bring their own lunch and eat it at the cafeteria tables.

7. _______Classmates sit at a table and work on assignments.

8. _______Several card games are going on people play very seriously.

9. _______One student has part-time job cleaning tables.

10. _______From 7:30 a.m. until 10:30 p.m. Monday through Friday.

11. _______To earn spending money by having a paper route.

12. _______I used to get up by 6:00 every day.

13. _______I had 45 regular customers I used my bike to deliver the papers.

14. _______Most of the customer paid up every Saturday.

15. _______Old Mr. Johnson who lived on the corner with all the cats.

16. _______He always gave me a 50-cent tip nobody else gave me that much.

17. _______Rainy and cold weather were terrible I loved summer mornings.

18. _______My parents worried about me riding my bike.

19. _______Calls on the phone from people who didn’t get their paper.

20. _______The route was taken over by my little brother.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Sentence Fragments

Read the following sentences carefully. If you find a fragment, fix it. If a sentence is correct, mark it with a C. 1. Horses racing together through the surf.

2. When Americans celebrate a holiday, they usually have a picnic and a parade.

3. Thomas Jefferson had a wish. To leave to us a good model for democratic living.

4. She cooked a large and elaborate dinner. To impress her husband’s parents.

5. Last summer we visited Niagara Falls and then crossed over into Canada. Which is what I had always wanted to do.

6. Although I am not a all sure what I want to do after graduation. I am very sure that I want to spend four years studying ecology

7. They drove 3,000 miles across the country to see their son’s graduation. An event that they had yearned to see for four long years.

8. The black experience in America has been a frightful one, which accounts for the revolutionary tone of recent black writing.

9. Although television programming seems innocuous, its effects are not.

10. In the fall when we finally left for France. We were very excited.

11. Movie remakes are often anticipated. Even though they are not as good as the original.

12. Financial aid at this college is given. To students who show need and whose records are outstanding.

13. Uncle Bud is happy doing only one thing. Running ten miles a day to prepare for the marathon.

14. I try to talk to my parents about my career. They get me angry by raising irrelevant issues and arguments.

15. While I was listening to the stereo last night, someone came along and stole my car.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Complex Sentence Lesson 1A Instructions: For the following complex sentences: 1. Underline the independent clause with two lines. 2. Underline the dependent clause with one line. 3. In the blank to the left of the sentence write the correct formula for the sentence. Use

your Formula Card to choose the correct formula. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Example:

_ID__ 0. The sirens wailed until all danger had passed. ______________________________________________________________________________________________

F U

Formulas

______ 1. I will rake the leaves myself unless you want to join me.

______ 2. After the fans went home, the band packed up their instruments.

______ 3. Until Jill learns how to pace herself, she will not be healthy.

______ 4. The car is perfect for me because I can afford its upkeep.

______ 5. Since the weather got warm, we have been driving with the top down.

______ 6. Whenever Hanni smiles at me, my heart melts.

______ 7. Will you wait for me while I speak to Mr. Low?

______ 8. Before you buy a boa constrictor, you should think about future problems.

______ 9. Although she was scared to death, Kathy gave a short speech to the class.

______ 10. I will buy a home even if I have to save for ten years.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Complex Sentence Lesson 1B Instructions: For the following complex sentences: 1. Underline the independent clause with two lines. 2. Underline the dependent clause with one line. 3. In the blank to the left of the sentence write the correct formula for the sentence. Use

your Formula Card to choose the correct formula. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Example:

_ID__ 0. The sirens wailed until all danger had passed. ______________________________________________________________________________________________

F U

Formulas

______ 1. While the snow was falling, the streets were silent.

______ 2. After we finish this homework, we should call Joe and go to the dance.

______ 3. The repairman will come tomorrow if he can find the time.

______ 4. Because the thief was noisy, he was caught opening the safe.

______ 5. Shanna looked happy once her test was over.

______ 6. Until Jake learns to study, he will continue to fail.

______ 7. Candy wore a floppy hat as if she wanted to hide her face.

______ 8. Whenever you see our lights on, we are at home.

______ 9. Although we were careful, we still got lost.

______ 10. Even if we have the best team, we may not win.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Complex Sentence Lesson 2A Instructions: 1. Make each of the following into a complex sentence that matches the listed formula. Use

the listed subordinating conjunction if one is needed. BE sure to include a comma if one is needed.

2. Do the Subject-Verb Identification Procedure on each clause that you have added. 3. Underline the complete verb(s) in each added clause with two lines. 4. Underline the subject(s) in each added clause with one line. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Example:

ID (when)

o. Sarah started crying when she heard the bad news about her grandfather.

______________________________________________________________________________________________

M C S&V


ID (because)

1. I want to earn some money _________________________ ________________________________________________________

D,I 2. Unless he gets some help____________________________ ________________________________________________________

D,I 3. When it is time to leave______________________________ ________________________________________________________

ID (so that)

4. Jan came early________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

D,I 5. Since I have been going to the doctor_______________ _________________________________________________________

ID (after)

6. He will go swimming ________________________________ _________________________________________________________

ID (although)

7. The car is ready______________________________________ _________________________________________________________

D,I 8. Until we finish the work_____________________________ _________________________________________________________

ID (if)

9. The builder will start the house_____________________ _________________________________________________________

D,I 10. Before James leaves__________________________________ ________________________________________________________

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Complex Sentence Lesson 2B Instructions: 1. Make each of the following into a complex sentence that matches the listed formula. Use

the listed subordinating conjunction if one is needed. BE sure to include a comma if one is needed.

2. Do the Subject-Verb Identification Procedure on each clause that you have added. 3. Underline the complete verb(s) in each added clause with two lines. 4. Underline the subject(s) in each added clause with one line. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Example:

ID (when)

o. Sarah started crying when she heard the bad news about her grandfather.

______________________________________________________________________________________________

M C S&V


ID (while)

1. Matt talked to him___________________________________ ________________________________________________________

ID (whenever)

2. Jean will go __________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

D,I 3. Because today is Thursday_________________________ ________________________________________________________

ID (when)

4. Jan will give you the money________________________ ________________________________________________________

D,I 5. Unless we find the basketball______________________ ________________________________________________________

D,I 6. In order that she would be on time________________ ________________________________________________________

ID (since)

7. Jesse has not slept well_____________________________ ________________________________________________________

D,I 8. Whenever this game ends__________________________ ________________________________________________________

ID (until)

9. Jenna cannot go jogging____________________________ ________________________________________________________

D,I 10. If you will call me tonight___________________________ _______________________________________________________

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Complex Sentence Lesson 3B Instructions: 1. Write a complex sentence that matches each of the listed formulas. Include the listed

subordinating conjunction in your sentence. 2. For the last two sentences, choose your own formula and subordinating conjunction.

Write the formula to the left of the sentence on the blank line, and write a matching sentence.

3. Be sure to check the Subject-Verb Identification Procedure on each clause. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Example:

D,I (if)

o. If you want me to take you, I will pick you up at ten o’clock.

______________________________________________________________________________________________

M C


ID (before)

1. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

ID (as if)

2. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

D,I (as long as)

3. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

D,I (while)

4. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

ID (even if)

5. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

D,I (once)

6. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

ID (so that)

7. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

D,I (whenever)

8. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

________ 9. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

________ 10. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Pop Quiz Comma Usage

Add commas where necessary. If the sentence is correct, circle the number. 1. John grew tired of mathematics but he still loved literature.

2. His mother told him to sudy for his math test and to continue reading books.

3. Even though Mary enjoys hot chocolate she sometimes orders hot tea.

4. You should let the butterfly go free or you should pin it to the board.

5. I wanted to make a peanut butter sandwich but couldn’t find any bread.

6. Whichever path you choose leave some kind of marker so that you can find your way

home.

7. Tim loves dogs and his wife loves cats.

8. If students understand these comma rules then they may find this test easy.

9. Gertrude’s little sister and her mother shopped for groceries on Monday.

10. Shopping for groceries on Monday and doing laundry on Tuesday are their regular

chores.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Commas in a Paragraph

There are at least 18 mistakes in this. Fix them.

I love old-fashioned horror films that feature vampires werewolves mummies and

zombies. The movie monster I love best of all is Frankenstein but it was only recently that I

read the original book by that name. I was surprised to hear that its author Mary Shelley

was a very young girl. Mary was the daughter of scholars and an intelligent and talented

young woman. She eloped at seventeen with Percy Shelley a well known poet and traveled

to Switzerland. In Switzerland their party included Mary her husband another poet Lord

Byron and Byron’s physician. Someone in the group said “Let’s each write a story about the

supernatural.” Mary’s contribution which was a story about a living creature made from

dead bodies was Frankenstein. The story was published when Mary was twenty-one years

old and it became an instant classic. Because of its wide appeal it has been the subject of

many movies—and nightmares.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Conjunctions

Conjunction: A word that connects words, phrases or clauses in sentences.

A U X C E O B U Y I C A U S E

W N V A T H E R E F O R E I B

N G D V U J C Z O W E V E R A

S B K W C B A L M D A D T L P

T I V H F K U O T L H S S K H

I W J E C U S T D G W O Z O Y

L A L T H O E Q U H O G W A L

L V R H S M G O F P G E Z I E

T S S E L E H T R E V E N T S

H K H R P T R E Y E S U J G S

E A E W L Q L A R M E N Q M R

R X Q A K F R L S Y H L F L K

E L D P S N Z S I B N E W O R

F E I T H E R T A J O S P G Q

O Y F Y X G Z T E Y B S C N U

Find these conjunctions: OR BUT UNLESS THEREFORE AS YET EITHER BECAUSE IF STILL WHETHER ALTHOUGH AND ALSO HOWEVER NEVERTHELESS

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

A Birthday

Change the paragraph from past tense to present tense. The first two sentences will read: “Every Saturday, Wendell, a kindergartner enjoys a nearly perfect day. He is six years old.” By Paula Lynn Parks

Last Saturday, Wendell, a kindergartner enjoyed a nearly

perfect day. It was his sixth birthday. First he got to sleep late.

When he finally woke up at 8:30 A.M., he watched his favorite

action hero cartoon while he was still wearing his Spiderman

pajamas. He ate strawberry pancakes for breakfast. The pancakes

had a smiling face drawn in whipped cream. After he got dressed,

Wendell played outside in the sandbox with his older brother and

sister. In the sand, they make castles, hills, and volcanoes. He used

some sticks to make a bridge. Then they added water, and the

bridge collapsed. For lunch, Wendell ate a turkey sandwich with

relish, ketchup, and mustard and snacked on grapes. He was glad

when his favorite friends, Allan and Michael, arrived to play. Then

Wendell and his family and friends went to the arcade to play

video games and miniature golf. Wendell drove a bumper boat

and everyone in his boat got wet because he drove too close to the

waterfall. Wendell chose dinner at his favorite pizza joint. While

he ate cheese pizza, he told three jokes about farts. At home,

Wendell had cake and ice cream. After his friends left, Wendell

took a bath and got wrinkled while playing in the bath tub with

his toys. Before bedtime, Wendell was read his favorite bear

stories. He fell asleep during the third one. It has been another

perfect Saturday.

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Proofreading

There are at least 63 mistakes in this. Fix them.

edgar allen poe the famous american short story writer died in 1849 he was drunk

alone and friendless at his death his family purchased a tombstone for him but it was

smashed on it way to the cemetery by a runaway freight train because his familie could not

afford another one poe was buried in an unmarked grave a group of Baltimore teachers

admirers of poes work began to raise money for atombstone they held fund riasers asted

for donations invested what they arened and waited after ten long years they raised the

1000 they needed newspaperman h l menken wrote angrily during all this time not a single

American autor of position gave the project any aid the baltimore group made it possible

for teachers students or anyone who admires poe’s work to visit his grave twentysix years

after his death edgar allan poe finally had a tombstone bearing his name

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

fix Whatever is wRong 1. im sure dr Clark don’t never closes her office on bridge st in December

2. the left front tire on bill and bobs buick busted as they drove on there journey to

Atlanta in the southeast 3. mr larson didn’t no that the kiwanis club had froze his winning swardfish at cutter

market 1307 Washington ave bakersfield California 4. jenny and mary isnt aware that there bread has began to raise in an open pan 5. when she slided down the hill Jan injures her ankle worst than her wrist 6. Joanne has threw the ball father then me Jeff complained 7. Will eric leave frank borrow a Copy of Cinderella on two weeks on april 8. Welter has Teached some new music to the people who slung in the catholic league

choir last year I think 9. im going to listen to garth brooks while I right a letter to aunt mary 10. joe dont no know anyones at work whose live s at his neighborhood 11. rules our made too be honor and observe 12. after tree callbacks I make the finale cut and I think I had a good change to git the job 13. throughout my live I had deal with barriers sit up by people who where not veiling to

look passed mine disabilitys 14. their our many rules and I have red them all 15. a college really consists of a groop of students who want to team a group of teachers

who want to learn and a well collection of books

Name: _________________________________________________ Day & Time: _________________________

Sophistication Is In

The following groups of sentences need your immediate help. Each group should be combined into a single sentence. Compose ten sophisticated sentences. Write the new, more sophisticated and mature sentences on the lines below each group.

The girl is tall. The girl is smart. The girl has two sisters.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

We saw the movie star. The movie start was in his sports car. The movie star waved to us.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

My mother bought a new rug. The rug is oval and red. The rug was purchased for $300.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Our English class homework is to read three chapters from our novel, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. It should take me about 45 minutes to read those pages. I will read those pages in my bedroom tonight.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

It is sunny today. We plan to go to the beach this afternoon. We will take our supper with us when we go to the beach this afternoon.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

My brother went shopping for my birthday present today. I hope he buys me a new CD player. My other CD player broke last month.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Transitions The words and phrases below are used to connect ideas in writing. Pay attention to the purpose for the transitions you choose to include in your paper.

Purpose Examples

Illustration

For example, For instance, To illustrate, Specifically,

In particular, To illustrate, another example a further example

including like such as

Listing

In addition, Moreover, Furthermore, First, Next,

Lastly, Finally, and also as well

additionally too besides

Space (Use for description.)

behind over under below beneath down on the bottom on the corner in the corner on the edge toward throughout in front facing in back of in the center

to the right/left of on top of at the top by beside around near side by side close to next to down up inside outside at the end of between

west of east of north of south of at the in on above high against alongside ahead of here there beyond farther on

Size the largest the next largest the smallest

the next smallest larger than the biggest

the _____-sized equivalent equal to

Time (Use for narrative.)

First, Next, Finally, Meanwhile, In the meantime, In the past, In the future, Presently, at the beginning at the end then the earliest

the most recent recently at last as soon then after as soon as afterwards by this time at the same time at that instant

before during when while until later in the morning, etc. at night yesterday today tomorrow next year

Purpose Examples

Comparison

Similarly, Likewise, In the same way, By comparison,

in the same way again as well similar

equally alike comparable too

Contrast

In contrast, However, On the other hand, On the one hand, Conversely,

Instead, Nevertheless, On the contrary, but while

Although besides the opposite different differently

Concession Nevertheless, Even so, Admittedly,

Despite this, Although even though

though yet

Emphasis/ Importance

In fact, Above all, Most importantly, Actually, Obviously, Without a doubt,

More importantly, Most notably, equally important especially the best the most important

the least important the most significant the main the principal the chief the key

Clarification In other words, In simpler words,

More simply, In fact,

In reality, In truth,

Cause and Effect

Because of this, As a result, As a consequence, Consequently, Therefore,

Thus, For this reason, because since for

so so that due to in order that

Conclusion

In conclusion, To summarize As we have seen, In brief, In closing,

To sum up, Finally, Certainly, Indeed, Overall,

In the end, In sum, surely

ACDV B68 POW Evaluation Sheet The quantitative method of evaluation used involves both objectivity and subjectivity. The two paragraphs submitted for POW grading will be assessed according to the following guidelines. After making a professional assessment of the two paragraphs submitted, the reader(s) will then determine writing test results as either PASS, BORDERLINE, or FAIL.

Reader 3 Reader 2 Reader1

1. Content:

A. Length (125-150 words ea.)

B. Off topic

C. Digressions…each sentence

D. Logical order

E. Point of view

2. Sentences:

A. Fragments

B. Confused sentence structure

C. Fused sentence

D. Comma splice

E. Fanboy comma omission

F. Illogical or confused idea

G. Tense shift (2 shifts to “would” allowed

H. Verb form

I. Subject – verb agreement

3. Word Form:

A. Standard American English

B. Modifiers

C. Singular/plural forms

D. Vocabulary Errors

E. Subject case

F. Verbals (Infinitive/Participle/Gerund)

4. Mechanics:

A. Indentation

B. Capitalization

C. End punctuation

D. Omitted/confused punctuation

E. Unnecessary punctuation

F. Spelling

G. Apostrophes (possessive or contractions)

H. Legibility/handwriting

__________ __________ __________

Both papers combined = WRITING TEST RESULTS: Major ACDV 68 error areas: I, II

Minor ACDV 68 error areas: III, IV PASS ____ BORDERLINE ____ FAIL ____

Assignment Sheet

Assignment Name Points Due Date

Assignment Sheet

Assignment Name Points Due Date

Favorite Place to Relax

My Living Room

My favorite place to relax in my home is in the back of the house in our living room.

The warm color of burgundy paint on two walls is inviting. On the left side of the large

room are brown over-stuffed couches. Many soft blankets and extra pillows are stacked in

large wicker baskets at arm’s reach. The large window on the back wall allows the sunset to

be viewed. In the northwest corner is the large television. The scent of popcorn fills the air.

The fireplace on the east wall fills the room with warmth. Many photos of our family are

above the mantle. In another corner is a small library with many favorite books that we

have enjoyed while lying on the big round rug in the center of the room. This warm, cozy

room is the perfect escape after a hectic day.

145

Milani’s Salon

Milani’s is a place where I go when I need to relax. Milani’s is a full service salon and

spa. Milani’s is located on the third floor of a local business building. Upon entering the

suite, the scent of champagne and chocolate covered strawberries fills the air. On the

reception counter there’s a silver platter that holds the chocolate covered strawberries.

Next to the platter is a bucket that chills the champagne. On the left side of the room are the

changing rooms, which hold the cozy robes and slippers. Directly in the back are the service

rooms. The first room is where the facials, body scrubs, and body wraps are performed.

The lights are dimmed and the sounds of the rainforest play; this creates an even more

relaxing environment. In the second room, various types of massages are performed, which

range from a basic foot massage to a deep tissue massage. The scent of lavender and lilac

candles fills the room as the sounds of ocean waves play. Milani’s is the best place to go

when relaxation is what I need.

182

The Bluffs

The best place to unwind is at the Bluffs. It is around 7 o’clock P.M., and the

temperature is in the mid 70’s. Near the edge of the cliff, there is a red bench. On each side

of the bench, there is a palm tree. On a warm spring evening, there is a breeze. The palm

trees are softly swaying, almost like they are dancing to the music of the breeze. The air is

clear and smells sweet because of the nearby blooming flowers. And there it is, the huge

sun setting. The sky is turning into beautiful shades of orange and dark red, with little

fragments of white clouds fading. The warmth of the sun is slowly diminishing as the sky

turns purple. As the tiny glitters of light emerge from the sky, the smile on my face is

irreplaceable. This is where I go to get away from all of the stresses of life.

156

Tense: Present

Point of View: Third Person

Pattern: Descriptive

As I walk the floors of my brand new house, I still cannot believe it’s mine. It sits on

five acres of land at the edge of the river. It has four bedrooms, three full bathrooms, and

hardwood flooring throughout. Solid oak French doors open into the entry. The entry leads

to a hallway. On the right are three huge bedrooms and two bathrooms. The boys have

their own rooms that join with a Jack-and-Jill bathroom. My daughter has her own separate

bedroom and bathroom. The hallway leads to the living room. The living room has floor to

ceiling sliding windows that overlook the infinite pool and spa. Past the living room is the

state of the art master kitchen. The kitchen has beautiful granite countertops. Stainless

steel covers all of the brand new appliances. The kitchen is connected to the giant master

suite. The master bedroom has a conjoined walk-in closet and spa-like bathroom. I walk

outside to watch the river, and I say to myself, “I finally have my dream home.”

173

#5

Tense: Present & Past

Point of View: Second & Third Person


I have two very sentimental materials that are valuable to me. One of those

materials is an American flag I bought at Camp Pendleton, CA. I carried this 3’x5’ flag with

me the entire time during Operation Iraqi Freedom. Once the war was over, I had every

member of my company sign it. I now have it displayed on the living room wall for

everyone to see. My next sentimental materials of value are my military uniforms. I have

three types of uniforms in my closet now. The woodland cammies that I graduated boot

camp with. Desert woodland cammies that I wore through OIF and digital cammies I wore

through the remainder of my service. All of my uniforms I still use to this day at various

functions. As you can see, my valuable very sentimental materials close to me are a flag and

my uniforms.

146

#6

Tense: Present



The typical place that I go to relax is the beach. The sound of the ocean is so relaxing

and soothing to the ear. While sitting on the pier all your problems disappear. Santa

Barbara Beach is the best place to go. There is a ton of great food, Shopping, and activities

to do. When people go to the beach it’s usually to get away from their fast paced lives. The

breeze from the ocean often makes the weather a little bit chilli. People typically go for the

cooler weather and great restraunts around. a typical lunch would be located at a table on

the pier. Below would be surfers crashing with the waves. Dolphins often come near, but

for the most part if your sitting on the pier your likely to see fishermen with their bait and

poles.

139

#7

Tense: Conditional

Point of View: First & Third Person


My ideal car is a Ford Mustang. It would have to be white with black and dark gray

on the inside. Everything would have to be power, it would have to be fast, and have a

really loud radio. I think the 99 model is the best lookin because it’s so arodinamic. If it had

a V8 moter, I would race it all the time and win. After all, nothing can beat a good old

fassion American V8. The radio would have to be made by Sony because they make the

best electronics. It would have to have a DVD player, a Playstation 2, and a nineteen inch

plasma flat scree L.C.D. in it. Because everyone would want to still my car, I would have to

have a state of the arc alarm system to protect everything. That would be a car anyone

would want to have.

147

#8

Tense: Present



My dream house is one of a kind. It’s seat’s on four acre’s of land with the house

right in the center of the land. The first thing people see is the long U drive way. That lead’s

to the front of the house. Which has a sandy brown color to it. The house is two story with

lot’s of window’s of different shape’s. Upon walking throw the gate’s to the front door there

are two stone statues to the right and left of the front door. Once inside of the house, the

first thing you see is many different picture’s of family and friends. To the right of the door

is the stair case, which lead’s up stair’s to four bedroom’s and two bathroom’s. Once you

walk back down stair’s to the left is the formal dinning room with a long red wood table

with six chair’s. My dream house is reat for me because, I enjoy having a lot of land.

163

#9

Tense: Present & Conditional



What are the qualities of a good friend? Qualities of a good friend can vary between

different people. Some people look for other qualities in people that most would not. Most

people have the ideal friend that is honest, truthful, funny, and good natured. The qualities

of a good friend should also be someone you enjoy to be around. When you’re at the lowest

point in your life they will be the person to help you through any and all trials that you face.

A good friend would always have your back no matter what happens. Most of all your good

friends should never put you down just so that he or she can feel good about themselves.

That is the qualities that a good friend should have.

128

#10

Tense: Present



There is different good working spaces to make it easy for studing and doing

homework. My comfortable place is the bedroom, because it has a comfortable bed. In this

station; there is limited distractions, it’s quiet, and I am away from everybody. My room

also have a small chair and a large table to work on. It’s in there that way I can’t get to

comfortable while laying on the bed. Motivation is something to keep my good working,

learning, or studying area. It comes with a consisting working habit. A radio is a way to

keep my concentration on my work, that’s because I can’t hear anything else that is going

on. Also music makes me settle down. My room is the place to be.

126

#11

Tense: Present & Conditional



I admire my brother Max because he takes me out. Right now we are eating inside El

Chipotle on Stockdale. My brother Max and I like to eat in Chipotle because the food is

great. Now we done eating. My brother Max is a very good person. He always take me to

dinner, or to the movies. My brother may always look after me. Because is been a good

brother. My brother may always help me with my homework and with school. Sometimes

my brother gets mad of anything. When his gets mad I donh’t talk to him. My brother Max is

been like my mom. He always take care of me and buy me anything I want. That’s how I

admire my brother Max a very good person.

129

#12

Tense: Present, Past, & Conditional

Point of View: First Person

Pattern: Descriptive & Narrative

The place that I am right now is very big. I am in down town Los Angeles, by the

beach. My brother Joe and I got together in back and drink beer until they tumble in the

sand. My nieces are having a good time here. I can see everybody drinking and having a

good time. This is one place that I would like to live. Most of my families live here in Los

Angeles. Then after 6:30pm, everybody got tire to be drinking. They start to picking up

trash and getting ready to leave. I was helping my mom and my brother max, to pick up the

trash and some other things. When i finish cleaning I got in my car and left. I got to

Bakersfield very late.

130

#13

Tense: Past


Pattern: Narrative

There have been several occasions when I was proud of myself. My most proudest

moment, though, was my first blood draw. In 2006, I was hired as a phlebotomist at a local

laboratory. This was a very busy and fast paced establishment. My first day on the job, I

told myself that I would not draw any children. I also expressed this to my supervisor. She

felt that I needed to, so she made me draw blood from the next child in line. I almost died

when she did that! My patient was a six-year-old boy. He was terrified and so was I. The

moment he and his mom sat in my chair, I began to panic. To make things worse, he began

to cry, which made me cry. My heart was pounding, and my hands wouldn’t stop shaking.

My supervisor was beside me the entire time guiding and encouraging me; she knew that I

could do it. The moment came, and I had done it. I had successfully drawn blood from the

little boy without hurting him. He was so happy that he hugged me. Even though this seems

minor, it was one of my proudest moments.

198

#14

Tense: Past


Pattern: Narrative

I was sitting in the football field with all of my friends and classmates. It was a warm

May evening and the sky was changing to a beautiful shade of orange. I was sitting in my

chair as my anticipation started growing. I remember thinking to myself, wondering how I

made it through my senior year. By this point I was 36 weeks pregnant and so elated to be

at that spot at that moment. I was the third out of 15 grandchildren to graduate even if I

was pregnant. Most of my family was sitting in the stands cheering as my name was called. I

walked across the stage and received my diploma. I knew the odds were against me, but I

proved everybody wrong. May 31, 2007 was one of the prouder times in my life. It was the

day that I graduated from high school.

148

#15

Tense: Past


Pattern: Narrative

The second semester of my senior year in high school I joined the yearbook staff. I

never imagined that this decision would have such an impact on my life. Everyone was so

welcoming and very accepting, which was a huge relief. During the first week, my tasks

were very basic. I looked at about a hundred different ways to style a yearbook layout page.

In addition, I had to draw out my own layout style on paper. Two weeks later, the two main

editors sat me in front of the computer and had me get to work. At this time, I was nervous

because I didn’t know what to do. The editors stood over me, guiding me left to right, top to

bottom, corner to corner, and explaining how to add in color. By the end of the semester, I

was the best layout styler on the staff. Learning how to graphic design eventually inspired

my major and career choice. Someday I hope to work in the field of graphic design.

171

#16

Tense: Past


Pattern: Narrative

My first long distance trip was a great learning experience. I was very excited, and I

felt I had enough experience to drive the distance. My destination was a small town on the

eastern side of Oklahoma. Driving took me three days to get there. I traveled through six

different states and saw a lot of beautiful landscapes. I remember that I was so excited to be

traveling across the country that I was never tired until I stopped at a hotel for the night.

Speed limits on the roads were higher once I got out of California, which made for better

timing. Oklahoma was a flat, humid, and very different place from what I was used to, and I

was happy to come home when the trip was over. Driving home seemed to be a much

further drive. My first long distance drive game me a good experience for future trips.

152

#17

Tense: Past


Pattern: Narrative

My favorite gift was my son, Jacob. He was even due to be born on my birthday but

came a few days later on August 8, 1999. He was the most beautiful baby I had ever seen.

He was like an angel sent to me from above. His birth instantly changed my life. As he grew

older, he spoke to me. At five and a half months, he said, “Hi dada.” My son started walking

at seven months. My mother was babysitting him at the time. She called me on my cellular

phone and told me the news. I drove to my mother’s house as fast as I could. So I wanted to

watch my soon and this memorable moment in his life. These early events were just a few

reasons why my son was my favorite gift.

138

#18

Tense: Past


Pattern: Narrative

The best gift someone has given me, was my puppy. My fiancée had planned it all

out. He knew I wanted a puppy to go with out new house. So one day he took me out to

dinner. I was thinking it was justanother date night. So I got dressed waited for him to get

home, and when he arrived, he was acting weird. So I knew he was up to something. I didn’t

question him. We got to the restaurant and he kept looking at his phone. I felt it was time to

ask what he was up to. He just smiled and said “nothing.” I wasn’t going to argue, so I just

continued to eat. On our way home he seemed worried, and continued to look at h is phone.

When we finally pulled into the driveway, he didn’t open my door like he normally does. He

just got out the car and went straight to the house. I was a little bothered by it. Once I got

into the house and could say something he was standing before me with the puppy on his

arms. A six weeks, brown, male, Pomerarian. Everything had felt perfect. We named him

Teddy, for he looked like a tiny bear. I was very thankful for his surprise gift.

217

#19



Pattern: Narrative

A difficult thing that I tried to do was learning how to cook. I really struggled when it

was time to cook dinner with my mom. My mom would do many things when she cook

food. One of the difficult things for me was the ingrediants that she put in the food. The

second thing was seeing how she cooks the food and then trying to do the same thing

myself. I try to cook, but it didn’t come out the same way my mom had done it. The third

thing was to remember the amount of ingrediants in the recepie also the amount of time.

After watching my mom cook, I learned how to do it myself. Now, cooking is something I

like to do even though it was a difficult process to learn.

135

#20



Pattern: Descriptive & Narrative

I learned how to plant Winter Rye grass two years ago. First, I started cutting the

grass down really low, and weed eating the edges of the lawn. Then, I began to rake all of

the grass into a big pile. The next step is to wash the cement, and sidewalks. For planting

the seeds down, I use a spreader, which helps from missing spots on the lawn. Next, I

begain to throw steer manure on top of the seeds. By during this, it helps protect the grass,

and keeps the temperature at a certain warmth level in the winter. Sprinkler must come on,

for 10 minest aday. After the 3rd week, the seeds start geminating, and turn a bright red

color. Now the planting job is over.

128

#21

Tense: Past


Pattern: Narrative

Back in 2008 High School Senior Working 2 jobs, zero to eighth period from 7am –

6:00pm Monday - Friday to catch up on credits to graduate on time. I had been bad in

school my previous years and I wanted to be the first to graduate from my family. I was

afraid I wasn’t going to pass my English class since my teacher was so rought on us

students. With my Family I wanted to make them Proude and Happy as for high school

requirements I needed good Attendance, Credits, be good to my teachers. I also wanted my

social life to have fun with Friends but I had 2 jobs at the time. May 2008 came, I got a call

and was told I pass I was going to graduate. That was the proudest day of my life.

139

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