What is Cloud Computing? First, a little history. - Cork Cloud Computi… · 1" Demystifying Cloud Computing Tim Horgan Head of Cloud Computing Centre of Excellence 2" What is Cloud

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Demystifying Cloud Computing

Tim Horgan Head of Cloud Computing Centre of Excellence http://cloud.cit.ie

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What is Cloud Computing?

First, a little history.

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Mainframe Era (1944-1978)

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Workstation Era (1968-1985)

Xerox Star 1981!

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Microcomputer Era (1978-1994)

Macintosh (1984)! IBM PC (1982)!6"

The Internet Era (1994-Present)

ARPANET (1971) Email (1972)!

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The Internet Era - Web

Tim Berners-Lee (1989)! Mosaic web browser (1993)!8"

The Internet Era - Social Networks

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Delivery of IT is Changing Gartner predictions for 2013

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Mobile Device Battles

•  Gartner"predicts"that"by"2013"mobile"phones"will"

overtake"PCs"as"the"most"common"Web"access"device."

•  By"2015"over"80%"of"the"handsets"will"be"smartphones."

•  By"2015"tablet"shipments"will"reach"50%"of"laptop"

shipments"and"Windows"8"will"likely"be"in"third"place"

behind"Google’s"Android"and"Apple"iOS"systems."

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Mobile Device Battles

•  Enterprises"will"need"to"support"a"variety"of"form"factors"

reducing"ability"to"standardize"PC"and"tablet"hardware."

•  The"implicaPons"for"IT"is"that"the"era"of"PC"dominance"

with"Windows"as"the"single"plaRorm"will"be"replaced"with"

a"postSPC"era"where"Windows"is"just"one"of"a"variety"of"

environments"IT"will"need"to"support."

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Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)

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Growth in mobile devices (Q2, 2012) •  2012"S"479"million"Android"smartphones"

•  2012"S"136"million"iPhones"

•  2012"(Q4)"1.3"million"Android"acPvaPons"each"day"

•  2012"(Q4)"81"million"Samsung"

•  2012"(Q4)"37"million"iPhones"

•  2012"(Q4)"39"other"companies"

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Personal Cloud

•  There"will"be"a"long"term"shiX"away"from"naPve"apps"to"

Web"apps"as"HTML5"becomes"more"capable."

•  Nevertheless,"naPve"apps"won't"disappear,"and"will"

always"offer"the"best"user"experiences"and"most"

sophisPcated"features.""

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Software Development for Mobile Devices

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Personal Cloud

•  The"personal"cloud"will"gradually"replace"the"PC"as"the"

locaPon"where"individuals"keep"their"personal"content,"

access"their"services"and"personal"preferences"and"center"

their"digital"lives."

•  It"will"be"the"glue"that"connects"the"web"of"devices"they"

choose"to"use"during"different"aspects"of"their"daily"lives."

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Personal Cloud

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Data Growth

•  Every"day,"we"create"2.5"quinPllion"(1030)"bytes"of"data"—"

so"much"that"90%"of"the"data"in"the"world"today"has"been"

created"in"the"last"two"years"alone."

•  Dealing"with"data"volume,"variety,"velocity"

and"complexity"is"forcing"change."

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Data Growth

•  This"data"comes"from"everywhere:"sensors"used"to"gather"

climate"informaPon,"posts"to"social"media"sites,"digital"

pictures"and"videos,"purchase"transacPon"records,"and"

cell"phone"GPS"signals"to"name"a"few."

•  This"data"is"big"data."

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Server Virtualisation Let’s look at the technologies involved

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•  Virtualisation is the creation of a virtual (rather than actual)

version of something, such as a hardware platform, operating

system, a storage device or network resources.

•  1965 - IBM announced the IBM System/360-67, a 32-bit CPU

with virtual memory hardware

•  1999 - VMware introduced the first x86 virtualization product.

Virtualisation

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•  A hypervisor, also called virtual machine manager

(VMM), is one of many hardware virtualisation

techniques allowing multiple operating systems to

run concurrently on a host computer.

Hypervisors

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Server Virtualisation & Hypervisors

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Server Consolidation

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How to run Ubuntu in Windows/Mac

Microsoft Windows

•  Microsoft Virtual PC

•  VMware Workstation

•  Xen

•  VirtualBox

OS X (Mac)

•  Parallels

•  VMware Fusion

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VMware Fusion on OSX

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So, what is Cloud Computing?

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IT as a service (ITaaS)

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•  According to the official NIST definition, "cloud computing is a

model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand

network access to a shared pool of configurable computing

resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications and

services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with

minimal management effort or service provider interaction.” http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-145/SP800-145.pdf

The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing

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•  On-demand self-service: A consumer can unilaterally

provision computing capabilities, such as server time and

network storage, as needed automatically without

requiring human interaction with each service provider.

Essential Characteristics 1

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•  Broad network access: Capabilities are available over

the network and accessed through standard mechanisms

that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client

platforms (e.g., mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and

workstations).


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•  Resource pooling: The provider’s computing resources

are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-

tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources

dynamically assigned and reassigned according to

consumer demand.


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•  Rapid elasticity: Capabilities can be elastically

provisioned and released, in some cases automatically, to

scale rapidly outward and inward commensurate with

demand. To the consumer, the capabilities available for

provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be

appropriated in any quantity at any time.


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•  Measured service: Cloud systems automatically control

and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering

capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the

type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and

active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored,

controlled, and reported, providing transparency for both

the provider and consumer of the utilized service.


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Cloud Computing Service Models

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Cloud Computing – Service Models

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•  Software applications that are only available online fall into the "Software-

as-a-Service" category, also known as "SaaS". The simplest example to

understand is e-mail.

•  The easiest way to think of SaaS is like this: it's software that you access

using a web browser or mobile app.

•  Because these applications run (and store their data online), users no

longer need to worry about managing, saving, and backing up their files.

Software as a Service (SaaS)

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Software as a Service (SaaS)

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•  At this service level, the vendor takes care of the underlying infrastructure

for you, giving you only a platform to build and host your applications. We

could say that a PaaS user is a SaaS developer.

•  Google App Engine, Salesforce's Heroku and force.com, Microsoft Azure,

and VMware’s Cloud Foundry, all fall under the PaaS umbrella.

•  Companies are using PaaS is for operational improvement, as PaaS

eliminates the need for teams to manage their own technology stacks.

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

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Platform as a Service (PaaS)

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•  Infrastructure-as-a-Service or IaaS is where you outsource the hardware.

•  In such cases, it's not just the computing power that you rent; it also

includes power, cooling, and networking.

•  Furthermore, it's more than likely that you'll need storage as well.

Generally IaaS is this combination of compute and cloud storage.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

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Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

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Microsoft’s Data Centre in Dublin

The Dublin-based data

centre, which began

operation in 2009 with

an initial investment of

$500 million, with a

$130 million extension

opening this year.

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•  The Dublin-based data centre, which began operation in 2009 with an

initial investment of $500 million, will grow to 415,000 sq ft and 29.4

megawatts of power. Initially, the centre was 303,000 sq ft.

•  The centre currently provides computing capacity to customers across

Europe, the Middle East and Africa.

•  It was the first Microsoft mega data centre built outside of the US, and

was designed to support the company's cloud services.

Microsoft’s Data Centre in Dublin

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Data Centres

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•  How much energy is required to power the ever-expanding online world?

•  What percentage of global greenhouse gas emissions is attributable to the

IT sector?

•  This report (1) takes a look at the energy choices some of the largest and

fastest growing IT companies.

(1) http://www.greenpeace.org

Impact on the environment

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Data Centre Concerns

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Data Centre Innovation

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Cloud Computing Deployment Models

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•  The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by

a single organization comprising multiple consumers (e.g.,

business units).

•  It may be owned, managed, and operated by the

organization, a third party, or some combination of them,

and it may exist on or off premises.

Private Cloud

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CIT Cloud Infrastructure

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CIT Student Registration

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Student ID Card & a Virtual Desktop

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•  Desktop virtualization involves running virtual machines on a hypervisor

in a datacenter, instead of running individual desktops.

•  The centralized nature allows users to access their data and

applications from almost any remote device (e.g.. desktop, laptop,

tablet, smartphone, etc.).

•  Helps maintain compliance, quickly add new users profiles to the

network, address corporate security and user storage concerns.

Desktop Virtualisation

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Your desktop on any device

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VMware View Environment

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Persistent Windows Virtual Machine

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Virtual Labs

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Public Cloud

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•  The main benefits of using a public cloud service are:

•  Easy and inexpensive set-up because hardware,

application and bandwidth costs are covered by the

provider.

•  Scalability to meet needs.

•  No wasted resources because you pay for what you use.

Public Cloud

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•  The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more

distinct cloud infrastructures (private or public) that remain

unique entities, but are bound together by standardized or

proprietary technology that enables data and application

portability.

Hybrid Cloud

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Hybrid Cloud

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CIT’s Cloud Computing Programmes

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•  Higher Diploma in Cloud Computing (L8)

•  Higher Diploma in Data Science & Analytics (L8)

•  Higher Diploma in Cloud & Mobile Software Development (L8)

•  BSc (Hons) in Cloud Computing (L8) – 1 year add-on

•  MSc in Cloud Computing (L9)

Unique Suite of Academic Programmes

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•  Normally curriculum development takes place within the

walls of a higher education institution and industry is

consulted at the end of the process

•  These programmes are unique as curriculum development

was done with industry partners through engagement at

the highest level

Industry Engagement

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Industry Partners

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Online Delivery

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•  More flexible learning opportunities for students who are in

employment or who are unable to commit to regular

attendance at higher education institutions are needed.

Flexible Learning

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•  Ireland – from Dublin to Galway, Cork to Clare

•  UK, Spain, France, Germany

•  Netherlands, Russia

•  Egypt, India, Saudi Arabia

•  USA

Geographic Distribution of Students

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Online Lectures

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Delivered to any Internet enabled device

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Conclusion & Review

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•  Why does cloud computing exist?

•  In summary, legacy machines, equipment, and networking have been a burden for

companies to maintain and manage, and one of the more difficult problems is to

make good on the investment.

•  What are some of the reasons companies migrate to the cloud?

•  Cloud computing reduces the burden on corporate IT organisations and offers

elasticity by letting firms outsource their computing needs and focus on their

customers' solutions. Depending on the need, there are various levels of cloud

computing service that companies can use.

Review

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•  What are the three primary levels of cloud computing service and what

are the main differences between them?

1.  At the infrastructure level, all hardware resources such as compute, networking,

power, and cooling are taken care of by the cloud vendor.

IaaS customers are in full control over the virtual machines, storage, and

everything else above in the stack.

Review

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2.  Users of PaaS services have an even greater luxury of only needing to be

concerned with creating their customer applications.

All of the hardware and mid-level services such as web and database servers are

taken care of by the platform.

Review

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3.  Finally, SaaS applications live ubiquitously in the cloud, allowing their users

access from desktops, laptops, or mobile devices.

Review

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Questions & Answers

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•  https://vimeo.com/31464226

•  http://www.google.com/about/datacenters/inside/streetview/

•  http://www.apple.com/environment/renewable-energy/

•  http://www.siliconrepublic.com/clean-tech/item/30386-microsoft-to-pilot-data-cen

•  http://www.siliconrepublic.com/clean-tech/item/29435-google-opens-new-75m-air-c

•  http://www.siliconrepublic.com/clean-tech/item/25892-apple-to-build-20mw-solar-f

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What is Cloud Computing? First, a little history. - Cork Cloud Computi… · 1" Demystifying Cloud Computing Tim Horgan Head of Cloud Computing Centre of Excellence 2" What is Cloud