25

WHAT IS EXCEL, AND WHY DO WE USE IT? to... · WHAT IS EXCEL, AND WHY DO WE USE IT? Excel is a spreadsheet program that allows you to ... • Create a unique identifier for each

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

WHAT IS EXCEL, AND WHY DO WE USE IT?

Excel is a spreadsheet program that allows you to

store, organize, and analyze information

Descriptives: For continuous variables, displays mean, median, mode,

minimum/maximum, and range.

Frequencies: For categorical variables, displays percentages, distributions,

Skewness

Tables/Graphs

Storing, Sorting, Recoding, Manipulating, Cleaning Data

Calculations & Formulas

EXCEL BASICS: ROWS, COLUMNS, AND CELLS

Rows: each numbered

along the left side of

the spreadsheet

Columns: labeled with letters along the top part of

the spreadsheet.Cells: each cell is

represented by a

rectangular box. Currently

only cell A1 is selected.

Multiple cells can be

selected by clicking and

dragging the selected

cell.

EXCEL BASICS: SUMS AND AVERAGES

• We will use the following hypothetical sample of Oxy students and calculate the total money

earned on campus, and the average GPA.

EXCEL BASICS: SUMS AND AVERAGES

• To find the sum, start by typing “=sum” below the column of numbers you want to

add together. Next, select the range of numbers you want the sum of (blue

rectangular box)

EXCEL BASICS: SUMS AND AVERAGES• To find the average GPA, type “=average” and again select the numbers you want to

average with the blue rectangular box

EXCEL BASICS: MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM

• To find the minimum or maximum in a set of numbers, repeat the same process

except type “=min” or “=max”

EXCEL BASICS: QUARTILES

• When calculating quartiles for a range of number, you can choose

exactly which quartile you want displayed, notated by a 1, 2, or 3.

Note that after you select your range of number, you must use a

comma followed by a space then a number.

EXCEL BASICS: SORTING

• Excel’s ability to sort is invaluable when you need to

focus on particular areas and organize your data.

• In our example, we will sort by sex, then by GPA

• The first step to sorting your data is selecting your

entire dataset, then clicking DataSort

EXCEL BASICS: SORTING

• In the pop-up window, you will then be presented with your sorting

options. Click “Add Level” to add another layer of sorting. Note that the

order can also be changed.

EXCEL BASICS: SORTING

• These data are sorted by sex first, then ascending GPA

EXCEL BASICS: CONCATENATE

• The concatenate function in Excel is useful because it allows you to combine two columns.

• For example, we will combine the first name and last name columns

• The new column will display names as last name, first name

• The first step is to create a new column, which can be done by right-clicking the column letter

Insert

EXCEL BASICS: CONCATENATE

• In the new column, type

“=concatenate” then select the two

cells that you want to combine

• In this example, a comma between

the two names is created by typing

(D2,”, “,C2)

• Double-click the bottom right

corner of the cell to fill the formula

down through the column

• Text to Columns is the opposite of concatenate – it splits data

apart, either at a fixed point in the data, or based on a

delimiter (space, comma, etc.)

• Go to Data>Text to Columns

TEXT TO COLUMNS

Note: you typically

want to select

delimited. Any

words separated by

commas or spaces

fall under this

category.

TEXT TO COLUMNS • In this case, the

names were

separated by a

comma.

• Now, the last names

and first names

appear in two

different columns

CREATING AND INTERPRETING PIVOTTABLES

• PivotTables are one of Excel’s most powerful functions.

• Allow you to pick and choose the variables you want to compare.

• Make meaningful interpretations from your data.

• To make your PivotTable, select your data then click insertPivotTable

• Create a unique identifier for each case, if not already present (such as

A# or PIDM)

• Insert>New Column>“UniqueID”>Autofill with increasing numbers

• This will be your count variable

CREATING AND INTERPRETING PIVOTTABLES

• “PivotTable Field List” will then pop up on the right side of the screen. Your

different variables will be displayed, which you can drag into the different boxes

below. In this example, sex and race are the column and row labels, while the

values displayed are the count of each gender for every race.

CREATING AND INTERPRETING PIVOT TABLES

Column Percent

Row Percent

• To find your column percent, right-click one of

your values and select show values as% of

column total

• These numbers tell you what percent of each

gender are Asian, Black, Latino, etc.

• For example, you can conclude that 28.57% of

females are Asian

• To find your row percent, right-click one of your values

and select show values as% of row total

• These numbers tell you what percent of each race are

male or female

• For example, you can conclude that 40% of Asians are

female

Note: Row and Column percent are

only used with categorical variables

FORMATTING NUMBERS IN PIVOTTABLES

• To format numbers in PivotTables, right-click on one of your numbers, then

go to number format.

• On the pop-up menu, you can select the number of decimal places you want

displayed which will apply to every number in your PivotTable.

Right-click

CREATING A PIVOTCHART FROM A PIVOTTABLE

• The first step to creating a PivotChart is dragging

the desired variables into the appropriate areas on

the PivotTable Field list. Once your PivotTable

appears, click on it, then go to Insert and select

your desired chart type. In this case, we will use a

2D bar chart.

CREATING A PIVOTCHART FROM A PIVOTTABLE

• Once your PivotChart appears, you can add features to make your chart

more complete. On the Layout tab, you can add a Chart Title, Data Labels

and Axis Titles. On the Design tab, you can click different chart layouts to

change the feel of your PivotChart.

CREATING A PIVOTCHART FROM A PIVOTABLE

• By dragging variables into the report filter, you can select the exact

variables you want to be displayed on the graph.

CREATING A VLOOKUP FUNCTION

• Vlookup can retrieve data from other tables and

display it on your table of interest.

• The data in “Tabl2” is on an independent

spreadsheet

• Vlookup will allow us to display whether or not a

student is a 1st gen on our primary table

Note: make sure to

name your

secondary table.

This makes it easier

to create the vlookup

syntax

Table name

CREATING A VLOOKUP FUNCTION

To create your vlookup function, start by typing “=vlookup(“ followed by the

cell you want to lookup (must be in the leftmost column), then the table of

interest (Tabl2), then the column number that contains the information you

want displayed, followed by “False”

Note: the column

letter corresponds

with the column

number. For

example, column

B is “2”

PRINT AREA

• To set your print area, select the data you want printed,

then go to Page LayoutPrint AreaSet Print Area