What may keep jobs away from MENA?

AIWF CONFERENCENADEREH CHAMLOU

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Attitudes Towards Women Working Outside, by Gender, Age and Income

• Women across income and age groups are less opposed to women working outside

• Non-acceptance of women’s outside work is high across income groups in all cities – with high-income groups slightly less

• Most surprising, younger men are more conservative toward women’s work outside than older generations

• Cairo is more conservative because of the relative magnitude of “under no circumstances”

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9

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M F M F

Amman: Non acceptance of the idea of women working outside, by income, age, and gender

Yes but with conditions Under no circumstances

income groups age groups

13 13 12 11 7 8 15 147 10 7 6

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Sana'a: Non acceptance of the idea of women working outside, by income, age, and gender

Yes but with conditions Under no circumstances

income groups age groups

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• Higher education is important in changing women’s attitude toward working outside.

• But, up to secondary level, education for men changes little in attitudes toward women’s work outside.

• Cairo remains the most conservative among the three cities – while in Amman and Sana’a, men with secondary education are less conservative.

Attitudes Towards Women Working Outside, by Gender and Education

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Amman: Non acceptance of the idea of women working outside, by education and gender

Yes but with conditions Under no circumstances

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Cairo: Non acceptance of the idea of women working outside, by education and gender

Yes but with conditions Under no circumstances

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Sana'a: Non acceptance of the idea of women working outside, by education and gender

Yes but with conditions Under no circumstances 5

Main factors affecting female labor force participation (FLFP)

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