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2. Theology and Culture of Worship
2. Culture of Communication and Worship – Jesus to 2009 & beyond
Style
1.Theology of WorshipContentStructure
“Worship is a rehearsal (re-telling, re-celebrating) of the
saving actions of God in history”
Robert Webber, “Learning to Worship with All Your Heart,” Hendricksen, 1996, pages 12-15
Definition of Worship
Expansion of the definition
God’s saving actions climax in:
The work of Christ
The overthrow of the powers of evil
The final establishing of the kingdom in the new heavens and the new earth. Robert Webber
“The Great Controversy” theme
A Worship Leader’s Prayer:
Lord, we bless you for creating us in Your image. And we thank You that after we fell away from You in sin, You did not leave us in our sin, but You came to us in Jesus Christ, who lived, died, and was resurrected for our salvation.
Now, as we await His coming again, receive our worship in His name, AMEN.
Consider how you can apply a Great Controversy theme to the
choice of worship elements including songs and special
music
1. Theology of Worship
a. “The Great Controversy” theme, as a foundation for a theology of Adventist worship
b. The theology of Hebrews as a foundation for a theology of Adventist worship
2. A Scriptural ModelCommunities in Culture ChangeThere is a biblical framework for discussing the process of culture change.
Look at the relevance of the book of Hebrews for discussions of culture in Adventist worship.
Discussions of worship culture are as old as NT Christianity itself.
The central place of Jesus Christ at the heart of Christian worship.
A Worshiping Community in Culture Change
A two-fold message from Hebrews.
Despite the incredible pressure of culture change both in the world and in the Church, hang on and do not lose your confidence in Jesus.
Jesus is our worship leader, standing at the throne of God, interpreting us, mouthing our prayers, amplifying our praise, beautifying our devotion and offering it to God.
2. Communication Culture & Worship
Jesus to 2009 and beyond
Points of culture uneasiness
Your Church
Millennium Matrix - Language and Communication
OralOral
- 1500AD
- 1500AD
Oral – Liturgical WorshipOral – Liturgical Worship
What about worship in the world of Oral Communication?
Repetitive liturgySymbolsSacraments – Lord’s Supper is centralEvents based on the seasons of the yearShort sermonsChanting and singing – biblical textsScripture reading by literate leadersNo Bibles in pewsArchitecture – sacred places reflect heavenly realities
Matrix - Worship Structure
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
LiturgyLiturgy
A ceremonyA ceremony
An intricately scripted play
An intricately scripted play
Matrix - Worship Focus
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Communion (Eucharist)
Focus and practice is the same each week
Communion (Eucharist)
Focus and practice is the same each week
Matrix - Worship Music Signature
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Chant
Single melodic line
Chant
Single melodic line
Musical instruments sometimes seen as
distractions
Musical instruments sometimes seen as
distractions
Millennium Matrix - Church Identity among 2 Billion+ Xians
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Catholic--1BCatholic--1BOrthodox-200MOrthodox-200MAnglican-80M(High Church)Anglican-80M(High Church)
About 65% of all Christians in
the world
About 65% of all Christians in
the world
Many consider this next change the most significant change in human communication in human history
What is the change?
Millennium Matrix - Language and Communication
OralOral
- 1500AD
- 1500AD
Oral – Liturgical WorshipOral – Liturgical Worship
PrintPrint
1500-
1950
1500-
1950
Print-Reformed WorshipPrint-Reformed Worship
The world of print communication
First book to be printed?
Mass communication
Quick communication
Books appear in church. Which ones.
The world of print communication
A change of emphasis from the MESSENGER to the MESSAGE. A rather more MYSTICAL view of the world is left behind and a RATIONAL, ORDERLY world takes its place. How do you see this playing out in church history? In church life?The CONTENT of the message becomes dominant.
Worship in the world of print communication
Ritual of re-enacting Last Supper replaced by retelling of the gospelFocus of service shifts from Eucharist to preaching the wordPreaching becomes more rationalisticHymns carry more content, melodically more complexBible replaces trusted leadership as source of authority and truthSermons become longerEven architecture reflects a more rational view of sacred things
Matrix - Worship structure
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
LiturgyCeremony
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
LiturgyCeremony
Typo’ Reformed
1500 - 1950
Typo’ Reformed
1500 - 1950
A “Service”A “Service”
Sermon orientedSermon oriented
Matrix - Worship Focus
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Eucharist
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Eucharist
Typo’ Reformed
1500 - 1950
Typo’ Reformed
1500 - 1950
Sermon
The focus changes each week
Sermon
The focus changes each week
Matrix - Worship Music Signature
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Chant
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Chant
Typo’ Reformed
1500 - 1950
Typo’ Reformed
1500 - 1950
HymnsHymnsConveying truthConveying truthGrand stories of cosmic struggleGrand stories of cosmic strugglePersonal devotionPersonal devotion
Complex melodies and harmonies (Printing)
Complex melodies and harmonies (Printing)
Community aspirationsCommunity aspirations
Simple RhythmsSimple Rhythms
Matrix - Church Identity - 2 Billion Xians
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Print Reformed
1500 - 1950
Print Reformed
1500 - 1950
Catholic--1BCatholic--1B LutheranLutheranOrthodox-200MOrthodox-200MAnglican-80M(High Church)Anglican-80M(High Church)
About 65% of all Christians in
the world
About 65% of all Christians in
the world
PresbyterianPresbyterianAnglican (ev)Anglican (ev)MethodistMethodist
BaptistBaptistAdventistAdventist
About 15% of all ChristiansAbout 15% of all Christians
Millennium Matrix - Language and Communication
OralOral
- 1500AD
- 1500AD
Oral – Liturgical WorshipOral – Liturgical Worship
PrintPrint
1500-
1950
1500-
1950
Print-Reformed WorshipPrint-Reformed Worship
BroadcastBroadcast
1950-
2000-10
1950-
2000-10
Broadcast-Celebration WorshipBroadcast-Celebration Worship
Culture shifts with broadcast and especially with television
Broadcast’s immediate experience replaces print’s rational analysis.Broadcast’s dramatized presentations replace print’s structured oratory.Broadcast’s emphasis on process replaces print’s emphasis on outcome.Print makes reason king and stimulates reflective thinking. Broadcast adds desire and emotion and stimulates reflexive thinking.[2]
What about worship in the world of broadcast communication?
Shorter sermons (sometimes)Strong emphasis on musicUtilizing audio visual supportUse of drama to convey messagesDependence on the broadcast art of persuasion in preachingMultipurpose church architectureFlexible room design
Matrix - Worship Structure
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Liturgy
Ceremony
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Liturgy
Ceremony
Typo’ Reformed
1500 - 1950
Service
Sermon oriented
Typo’ Reformed
1500 - 1950
Service
Sermon oriented
Broadcast Celebration
1950 - 2000
Broadcast Celebration
1950 - 2000ProgramProgram
An event centered on celebration style
worship, motivational preaching
An event centered on celebration style
worship, motivational preaching
Matrix - Worship Focus
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Eucharist
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Eucharist
Typo’ Reformed
1500 - 1950
Sermon
Typo’ Reformed
1500 - 1950
Sermon
Broadcast Celebration
1950 - 2000
Broadcast Celebration
1950 - 2000
Praise
The focus changes each
week
Praise
The focus changes each
week
Matrix - Worship Music Signature
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Chant
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Chant
Typo’ Reformed
1500 - 1950
Hymns
Typo’ Reformed
1500 - 1950
Hymns
Broadcast Celebration
1950 - 2000
Broadcast Celebration
1950 - 2000
Praise Songs
Praise Songs
Primarily relationalPrimarily relational
Simple HarmoniesSimple HarmoniesComplex RhythmsComplex Rhythms
Primarily personalPrimarily personal
Praise Songs
Praise Songs
Primarily relationalPrimarily relational
Simple HarmoniesSimple Harmonies
Complex RhythmsComplex Rhythms
Primarily personalPrimarily personal
HymnsHymns
Conveying truthConveying truthGrand stories of cosmic struggleGrand stories of cosmic strugglePersonal devotionPersonal devotion
Complex melodies and harmonies (Printing)
Complex melodies and harmonies (Printing)
Community aspirationsCommunity aspirations
Simple RhythmsSimple Rhythms
Millennium Matrix - Church Identity - 2 Billion Xians
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Print Reformed
1500 - 1950
Print Reformed
1500 - 1950
Broadcast Celebration1950 – 2000-10
Broadcast Celebration1950 – 2000-10
Catholic--1BCatholic--1B LutheranLutheran 400MIndependent
400MIndependentOrthodox-200MOrthodox-200M
Anglican-80M(High Church)Anglican-80M(High Church)
About 65% of all Christians in
the world
About 65% of all Christians in
the world
PresbyterianPresbyterianAnglican (ev)Anglican (ev)MethodistMethodist
BaptistBaptistAdventistAdventist
About 15% of all ChristiansAbout 15% of all Christians
Mega ChurchesMega Churches
Modified mainlineModified mainlineAdventistAdventist
About 20% of all Christians
About 20% of all Christians
Some CharismaticSome Charismatic
Millennium Matrix - Language and Communication
OralOral
- 1500AD
- 1500AD
Oral – Liturgical WorshipOral – Liturgical Worship
PrintPrint
1500-
1950
1500-
1950
Print-Reformed WorshipPrint-Reformed Worship
BroadcastBroadcast
1950-
2000-10
1950-
2000-10
Broadcast-Celebration WorshipBroadcast-Celebration Worship
Digital Interactive Converging
Digital Interactive Converging
2000-10-
2000-10-
Dig Int Conv-
Dig Int Conv-
Characteristics of the digital culture
Information from peers and networks rather than from institutions and authoritiesNo boundaries or restrictions in passing on info.Direct unmediated hands-on experiencesPersonal networks replacing main-event experiencesThe capacity to reframe the past rather than disgard it (as sometimes happens in broadcast)Multimedia language overtakes broadcast’s visual languageSelf-directed learning, exploration
What about worship in the world of digital communication?
Body of Christ – race gender status equality
Collaborative experiences
Music is a fusion of all styles
Architecture and context – shift from mega churches to small scale, rooted in communities, house churches
Matrix - Worship Structure
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
LiturgyCeremony
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
LiturgyCeremony
Typo’ Reformed
1500 - 1950ServiceSermon oriented
Typo’ Reformed
1500 - 1950ServiceSermon oriented
Broadcast Celebration
1950 - 2000Program
Broadcast Celebration
1950 - 2000Program
Inclusive Convergence
2000 -
Inclusive Convergence
2000 -
GatheringGathering
Dynamic “Brainstorming” Dynamic “Brainstorming” Interactive collaborationInteractive collaboration
Technology provides diverse experiences
Technology provides diverse experiences
Matrix - Worship Music Signature
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Chant
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Chant
Typo’ Reformed
1500 - 1950Hymns
Typo’ Reformed
1500 - 1950Hymns
Broadcast Celebration
1950 - 2000Song and Choruses
Broadcast Celebration
1950 - 2000Song and Choruses
Inclusive Convergence
2000 -
Inclusive Convergence
2000 -
Impromptu - Fusion
Impromptu - Fusion
Mixing the idioms of jam sessions, praise concerts, formal hymns. Simpler services, “unplugged” acoustical worship balancing
highly technical productions.
Mixing the idioms of jam sessions, praise concerts, formal hymns. Simpler services, “unplugged” acoustical worship balancing
highly technical productions.
Church on FacebookAn example of Worship in the
Digital, Convergent, Interactive culture
FacebookChurchhttp://www.facebook.com/home.php?#!/group.php?
gid=106158576081323&ref=mf
Matrix - Church Identity - 2 Billion Xians
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Print Reformed
1500 - 1950
Print Reformed
1500 - 1950
Broadcast Celebration1950 – 2000-10
Broadcast Celebration1950 – 2000-10
DigitalInclusive
Convergence
2000-10 -
DigitalInclusive
Convergence
2000-10 -
Catholic--1BCatholic--1B LutheranLutheran 400MIndependent
400MIndependent
New churchesChurch plantingEclectic worship
WWW & networks
Worshipers coming from all Christian
traditions
New churchesChurch plantingEclectic worship
WWW & networks
Worshipers coming from all Christian
traditions
Orthodox-200MOrthodox-200MAnglican-80M(High Church)Anglican-80M(High Church)
About 65% of all Christians in
the world
About 65% of all Christians in
the world
PresbyterianPresbyterianAnglican (ev)Anglican (ev)MethodistMethodist
BaptistBaptistAdventistAdventist
About 15% of all ChristiansAbout 15% of all Christians
Mega ChurchesMega Churches
Modified mainlineModified mainlineSome AdventistSome Adventist
About 20% of all Christians
About 20% of all Christians
Some CharismaticSome Charismatic
Matrix - Weaknesses of the eras
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
TraditionalismTraditionalism
Practices take on a significance beyond their
actual effect
Practices take on a significance beyond their
actual effect
Matrix - Weaknesses of the eras
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Tradition-alism
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Tradition-alism
Typo’ Reformed
1500 - 1950
Typo’ Reformed
1500 - 1950
LegalismMaintaining cohesion
through codes of belief and behaviour
LegalismMaintaining cohesion
through codes of belief and behaviour
RationalismArgument and proving
points becomes a dominant activity
RationalismArgument and proving
points becomes a dominant activity
Matrix - Weaknesses of the eras
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Tradition-alism
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Tradition-alism
Typo’ Reformed
1500 - 1950
LegalismRationalism
Typo’ Reformed
1500 - 1950
LegalismRationalism
Broadcast Celebration
1950 - 2000
Broadcast Celebration
1950 - 2000
“My experience”External validation
becomes less important
“My experience”External validation
becomes less important
Matrix - Weaknesses of the eras
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Tradition-alism
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Tradition-alism
Typo’ Reformed
1500 - 1950
LegalismRationalism
Typo’ Reformed
1500 - 1950
LegalismRationalism
Broadcast Celebration
1950 - 2000
License
Broadcast Celebration
1950 - 2000
License
Inclusive Convergence
2000 -
Inclusive Convergence
2000 -
Losing touch with the
mainstream
No input from the outside
Losing touch with the
mainstream
No input from the outside
Matrix - Contributions of the eras
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Typo’ Reformed
1500 - 1950
Typo’ Reformed
1500 - 1950
Broadcast Celebration
1950 - 2010
Broadcast Celebration
1950 - 2010
Inclusive Convergence
2010 -
Inclusive Convergence
2010 -
Community of
Faith
Community of
Faith
Priesthood of the Believer
Priesthood of the Believer
Expressive WorshipPassion
Faith
Expressive WorshipPassion
Faith
Inclusive BodyInclusive Body
Matrix - SDA Responses and Experiments
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Oral / Liturgical4000 - 1500
Often negativeOften negative
Biblical notion of “falling away”
Biblical notion of “falling away”
At La Sierra University Church
At La Sierra University Church
Matrix - SDA Experiments
Typo / Reformed
1500 - 1950
Typo / Reformed
1500 - 1950
Mainstream SDAMainstream SDA
Huge challenge for youth ministry - all youth were
born in the broadcast era, but even that is in the
process of change
Huge challenge for youth ministry - all youth were
born in the broadcast era, but even that is in the
process of change
Matrix - SDA Experiments
Broadcast / Celebration
1950- 2010
Broadcast / Celebration
1950- 2010
“Celebration” Churches“Celebration” Churches
Most church plants in the western world
Most church plants in the western world
Most memory events in youth and young adult
ministry
Most memory events in youth and young adult
ministry
Matrix - SDA Experiments
Inclusive / Interactive
2000-
Inclusive / Interactive
2000-Church on WWW - Web RingChurch on WWW - Web Ring
YouthPAGES - web pastorsYouthPAGES - web pastors
Virtual Church - Riga LatviaVirtual Church - Riga Latvia
Café Church - EuropeCafé Church - Europe
Church Plants in Western world, including Australia Church Plants in Western world, including Australia
Matrix - SDA Experiments
Inclusive / Interactive
2000-
Inclusive / Interactive
2000-
Virtual Church in LatviaVirtual Church in Latvia
Religious News
Talk, Prayer, Counselling, Pastors on line, Chats
Sermons, both text and audio
Health Talks
Jokes, poems, banner exchange
Religious News
Talk, Prayer, Counselling, Pastors on line, Chats
Sermons, both text and audio
Health Talks
Jokes, poems, banner exchange
Matrix - Where to now?
Inclusive / Interactive
2000-
Inclusive / Interactive
2000-
Your church?Your church?
Churches where you will lead worship?
Churches where you will lead worship?
Rex Miller final word
Each of our religious traditions was born and crafted in a particular medium, time, and expression of God’s visitation. Each provides a unique and important revelation into God’s unlimited character. Like a prism these traditions refract the light of God’s revelation and character. No matter which facet we look through, we see the same truth at the centre.
Regardless of our structures, styles, content and expression, we truly are one body. Our task in this time of tumultuous transition is to find a way to rise above our numerous disintegrations and act like one body. The world will never know Jesus until we do that.
To survive we must step into the future with confidence,overcome the tyrannies of tradition and inertia, fulfill our commission, manifest transcendent life and community, offer a legitimate prophetic voice, provide an ethic which understands both timelessness and changefinally circle back to where we began and where our communion with God began: with God’s living word.