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Why do we Classify???. Biologists use a system of scientific classification to organize information about the diversity of living things . But first … a brief history…. More than 2000 years ago, Aristotle’s classification system…. Animals were classified according to the where they lived. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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• Biologists use a system of scientific classification to organize information about the diversity of living things.
• classified organisms as either animals or plants.
• Animals were classified according to the where they lived.
But first … a brief history….More than 2000 years ago, Aristotle’s classification system…..
Linnaeus’s System• Carl Linnaeus’s system is the basis for the system we use
today for taxonomy. (Father of Taxonomy) .. Based on
morphology
• Taxonomy: The science or study of classification.
• Modern taxonomists also use..
Phylogeny: an organism’s evolutionary history
Modern taxonomists use phylogenetic trees and cladograms
What is a phylogenetic tree?
It is a family tree that shows the evolutionary relationships thought to exist among groups of organisms.
It shows common ancestory.
A cladogram shows the evolutionaryrelationships among a group of organisms.
Organisms are grouped by their:• anatomy, • method of reproduction, • embryonic development, • evolutionary past (phylogeny) • method of consumption, and • similarities in DNA.
In modern taxonomy:
Each category is contained within another, and they are arranged from: broadest to most specific.
Species level
Domain levelSpecies level
Domain level
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
SpeciesBinomial nomenclature
Hold that thought…..
Broadest
Most specific
Modern Taxonomy
• King Kingdom• Philip Phylum (Division)
• Came Class• Over Order• For Family• Grape Genus• Soda Species
Common nameA. Every Day name that people know and use
B. Can be misleading
1) star-fish
2) Sea-horse
or
or
Binomial nomenclature = 2 Name system
Genus = Puma Species descriptor = concolor
Species name
Written = underlined,Typed = ItalicsGenus = CapitalizedSpecies descriptor – lower case
Stiphrornis pyrrholaemus, which is Greek for "stout bird that bears a flame-colored throat.“ (New species discovered in 2008)Commonly known as the olive-backed forest robin
All scientific names are written in Latin
Chaos chaos
Bufonaria borisbeckeri is a species of medium-large sea snail, the “frog snails”. The species is named after the famous German tennis player, Boris Becker.
Stasimopus mandelai is a species of ctenizid trapdoor spider from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.
The species was named in 2004 by zoologists Brent E Hendrixson and Jason E Bond honoring Nelson Mandela, the former president of South Africa
Pheidole harrisonfordi is a species of ant named after the actor Harrison Ford in honor of his work in conservation.