WiFi Hotspots Aditya

WI-FI HOTSPOTS

Its Growth and Deployment

Aditya Polisetti

2010-10-31

i

Mid Sweden University

The Department of Information Technology and Media (ITM)

Author: ADITYA POLISETTI

E-mail address: [email protected]

Study programme: Wireless Internet Access, 7.5 credits

Examiner: Stefan Pettersson, [email protected]

Scope: 5000 words approximately inclusive of appendices

Date: 2010-10-31

M.Sc. project report

within Computer Engineering

Wireless Internet Access, 7.5hp

Wi-Fi HOTSPOTS


Aditya Polisetti

WI-FI HOTSPOTS


Aditya Polisetti

2010-10-31

ii

Abstract

This paper presents a detailed overview of Wi-Fi hotspots, deployment, its

importance in the global market and its security issues. Wireless hotspots can

be defined as the devices that assist us to provide wireless Internet access

within the public or private areas. These networks constantly rising their upper

hand in recent period for providing Internet access mainly in several public

areas such as airports, banks, shopping complexes and restaurants. With the

number of using network services across the Internet increasing, there is an

enormous increase in the offering of Wireless network connections, bringing

the global market to concentrate upon the wireless network providing devices.

The objective of this report is to discuss in detail, the growth of Public Wireless

Hotspots and the concern of the user with security of WIFI Public Hotspots.

This report also keeps its track up on the deployment of public hotspots. The

major issue of users at Wi-Fi hotspots, who abandons to use public wireless

hotspots to connect, is its security. This report includes the introduction of hot

spots in wireless technology and things needed to do in order to deploy WIFI

hotspots. Then covered by the importance and demand of hotspots in the

present scenario and finally summing up with the security issues upon the

WIFI- Hotspots.

Keywords: Wi-Fi Hotspots, Wi-Fi security issues, current trends of using

hotspot , deploying public hotspots, security

WI-FI HOTSPOTS


Aditya Polisetti Table of Contents

2010-10-31

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Table of Contents

Abstract ...............................................................................................................iii

Terminology ..................................................................................................... iiv

1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 1

1.1 Background and problem motivation ............................................ 1

1.2 Overall aim .................................................................................... 2

1.3 Scope .............................................................................................. 2

1.4 Concrete and verifiable goals ....................................................... 2

1.5 Outline ............................................................................................ 3

2 Theory ...................................................................................................... 4

2.1 Overview of Wi Fi .......................................................................... 4

2.2 Overview of hotspots ...................................................................... 5

2.3 WIFI Hotspot deployment- Business side……………………….…10

2.4 Security issues upon hotspots ....................................................... 12

3 Methodology ........................................................................................... 14

4 Implementation ....................................................................................... 15

5 Results ..................................................................................................... 18

6 Conclusions ............................................................................................ 19

References ......................................................................................................... 20

WI-FI HOTSPOTS


Aditya Polisetti

Introduction

2010-10-31

iv

Terminology

Abbreviations

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

PDA Personal digital assistants

Wi-Fi Wireless fidelity

WLAN Wireless local area network

AP Access points

SSL Secure Socket Layer

WI-FI HOTSPOTS


Aditya Polisetti 2010-10-31

1

1 Introduction

1.1 Background and problem motivation

In the past few years, introduction of Wireless Networks (mainly Wireless

Local Area Networks) and utilization of the same has been increased

enormously which resulted in huge demand for wireless internet access, which

in turn, helped to focus deeply upon IEEE 802.11 technology. In the present

scenario, this technology has been deployed and utilised in several areas of

business and public locations. Reports say that from the past few years

enormous growth has been observed in the usage of wireless networks and its

accessing technologies. Today, mobility of people demanding access over the

internet at any place and time. Keeping upon this into consideration, several

organisations are providing wireless internet access in places where they likely

to spend some time outside the private networks say in public places such as

libraries, conference venues, hotels, airports, cafes, restaurants, campuses,

banks, shopping malls and so on. These can be deployed through wireless

networks to extend the connectivity over public places and they are commonly

known as Hotspots.

The wireless hotspots help users to provide wireless internet access with in the

areas where there is no dedicated private network connection. So with in the

public areas listed above, users can access with their digital world. The users

can be able to connect to the readily available wireless internet connection,

hotspots, from all kind of compatible network devices such as notebooks,

laptops, personal digital assistants (PDA’s), cellular phones, IPods etc. Hence,

they can be able to do tasks such as browsing the internet, download files, send

and receive files, mails without being connected with a physical cable wired

connection. Wi-Fi hotspots are similar to that of wireless networks but the main

difference is these are not that much secure when compared to that of wireless

networks. They are mainly meant for public use .However we can discuss the

tips for the security of hotspots in detail in the coming chapters.

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Wi-Fi public hotspots can provide an equivalent broadband speed internet

access. However, the speed depends upon several factors depending upon the

number of users utilising the hotspots at that time. For instance, consider a

single person is trying to access the internet using public hotspot. He can able to

access internet with high speed. Likely, if twenty people are accessing the same

hotspot for internet, then they can find some variation of the speed of internet.

1.2 Overall Aim

The project overall aim is to gain some knowledge upon wireless hotspots,

deploying a wireless hotspot, managing a secured Wi-Fi hotspot. After

summing up this discussion this report can put a glance upon wireless hotspots

over the market trends from the past years.

1.3 Scope

This report will focus mostly upon the understanding and deploying a wireless

hotspot and also it will discuss the security issues that arises when a device is

connected to internet using a hotspot. In addition, this report will pose a glance

upon the market trends from the evolution of hotspots to the present era and

scope of increasing its value in its business.

1.4 Concrete and verifiable goals

The problems and questions that the report deals are listed in chronological

order

1. What is a Wi-Fi Hotspot?

2. What is the usage of hotspots in present scenario?

3. Why would we want to deploy a Public Wireless Hotspot and how

would we deploy it?

4. What are the security issues of using a public Wireless Hot Spots?

5. What is the market strategy of wireless network which uses public

Hotspots?

1.5 Outline

Chapter 2 gives the overview of Wi-Fi technology, hotspots and security issues

WI-FI HOTSPOTS



3

Chapter 3 explains the structure of the report

Chapter 4 deals with the actual installation and deployment of a wireless

hotspot.

Chapter 5 will contain a summary of the project work and present

several conclusions for the same.

Chapter 6 provides a list of references from several sources, where I gathered

information for my project work.

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2 Theory

2.1 Overview of Wi-Fi

Wireless Fidelity is an inexpensive, short range, line-of-sight, broadband

wireless technology. Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) is meant for wireless local area

network (WLAN) with high range frequency access. This was originally

licensed by WIFI Alliance. This will explains the principal technology of

wireless local area networks (WLAN) based on the IEEE 802.11 specifications.

Wi Fi technology was developed not only for mobile computing devices in

local area networks but also for VoIP phone access, internet surfing, playing

games , DVD players etc. recently Wi-Fi standards are developed to use in cars

in the support to increase traffic safety by deploying Intelligence Transportation

System. It is also developing its standards to enable mobile commerce 802.11p.

Wi-Fi enables devices to connect directly with each other. It allows

connectivity in peer-to-peer mode, which is useful in consumer electronics and

gaming applications.

The WI-FI Alliance created another brand named "Wi-Fi CERTIFIED". It is

helpful to demonstrate products are interoperable with other products

displaying the brand "Wi-Fi CERTIFIED".

Figure 1: Basic Wi-Fi Network

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Wi-Fi has become very popular as a substantially important element of the

urban telecommunications infrastructure in a substantially short period of time.

Wi-Fi technology deployment is increasing day-by-day by the growing

popularity of multi speed broadband internet. It is the best and easiest way to

make several computers to share a broadband link. Up to date, Wi-Fi's main

utilization is in home networking. Development in the technology of Wi Fi

spread to introduce fee-based access points in public places such as coffee-

shops etc.

2.2 Overview of HOTSPOT

A person having a Wi-Fi device such as a telephone, computer, or personal

digital assistant (PDA) can connect to the Internet with in the boundary of an

access point. The area covered by one or several access points can be

considered as a hotspot. These Hotspots can have their range from a single

location to several square miles of protruding hotspots.

Figure 2: Hotspot Scenario

Figure 2 illustrates an example scenario of Wi-Fi hotspots. In that the red

rounded circle indicates hotspot zones and the persons are using those zones for

network access. Also the figure shows the network devices such as laptop cell

phone and Personal Computer.

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The wireless hotspots help users to provide wireless internet access with in the

areas where there is no dedicated private network connection. So with in the

public areas listed above, users can access with their digital world. Hence, they

can be able to do tasks such as browsing the internet, download files, send and

receive files, mails without being connected with a physical cable wired

connection. The main difference between Wi-Fi hotspots and other wireless

networks is these are not that much secure when compared to that of wireless

networks. They are mainly meant for public use.

Wi-Fi public hotspots can provide an equivalent broadband speed internet

access. However, the speed depends upon several factors depending upon the

number of users utilising the hotspots at that time. For instance, consider a

single person is trying to access the internet using public hotspot. He can able to

access internet with high speed. Likely, if twenty people are accessing the same

hotspot for internet, then they can find some variation of the speed of internet.

People who have laptops included with Wi-Fi connectivity can benefit more by

using Wi-Fi hotspot and connecting to the Internet.

Most of the hotspots display a splash screen the first time a user connects and

accesses the Internet using a web browser. In the case of free hotspots, this

splash screen might require the user just to accept the terms and conditions of

the hotspot provider or view some sort of advertisements before accessing the

Internet connection. If the hotspot is not free and it is fee-based, a user could

enter his information or register and can set up payments if he is using that

hotspot network for the first time. In most of the cases, the fee-based hotspots

accept payments by having the user securely enter credit card information or

online money transfers.

The list given below is some of the typical places where we can find a Wi-Fi

hotspot:

Airports

Cafés, Restaurants, Hotels

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Libraries

Arenas and organizations

At present, mostly travellers prefer those hotels that provide broadband Internet

access within the rooms. This act helps them to keep in touch with their online

world while they are out of desk. Considerably, some hotels provide a wired

Internet connection using co axial cables or fibre wires usually an Ethernet or

data port. Also, Ethernet provides wireless broadband Internet access similar to

Wi-Fi. The main thing is that Ethernet requires a cable to connect the user

laptop to the network. This affects the mobility of a user and restricts the user to

a single location in the room usually a table in the room. In addition to this,

most hotels provide a data port on the telephone for dialup modem users to plug

into. This also requires a confined, restrictive cable connection, and there is

chances of slow data rate transfer and cannot be usable for some websites to

browse functionally for the desired task.

In spite of widely available wired Internet connections, most people prefer Wi-

Fi Internet access. This enables the users to provide mobility among themselves

around the hotel and still be connected to the Internet. For instance, a business

traveller can use the Internet from anywhere within the room, such as from the

desk, or while relaxing on the bed. In addition, this person can go down for

meals and still can able to access Internet. A wireless Wi-Fi network in a hotel

can be very useful when one or more people with laptops or mobile devices are

sharing the same room, since wired Ethernet connections allow only one person

at a time to use the Internet.

Today, students and others businesspeople typically use public Wi-Fi hotspots

at libraries and bookstores while working on their literature, tasks or work-

related things. These places typically did not have Internet access before they

began offering Wi-Fi access. Because of this, now, libraries having computer

workstations connected to the Internet for public use.

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This WI-FI internet access helps users to minimize costs like cabling and

enables more number of people to use internet at a time and helps to achieve

mobility of the user while using internet. People such as customers, consultants,

entrepreneurs, delegates, who visit corporations can definitely benefit from the

network access through Wi-Fi internet.

Wi-Fi Internet access using public hotspots within airports and terminals

enables travellers, to browse internet, to send and receive mails and to continue

their other important tasks while on traveling. This could be useful during long

waiting time in between connecting flights and unscheduled delays or flight

cancellations. At present so many airports are having this Wi-Fi internet access

using hotspots and some of the airports have not installed wireless hotspots

posing the reason that airports are extremely large and deploying hotspots and

accessing internet could be an expensive task for the management and airport

authorities. However, installing a small fee-paid hotspots in restaurants, cafes,

airline clubs, or shops within the airport would be very useful to the travellers.

Let us suppose that when internet access is widely accepted on airplanes, it

could be beneficial to many people especially businesspeople to access internet

during long journeys. Wi-Fi access is also available while on board aircraft

during some international airline flights. Business travellers will certainly be

more productive if they can be able to use Internet-based applications while

simply restricted to an airplane seat.

2.2.1 User’s Expectations

If the users did not reach their expectations, the installed hotspot will not be

successful. The main thing that should keep in mind while designing a hotspot

is the fulfilment of user’s requirements. The highest consideration for designing

and implementing a hotspot should be given to the requirements of the user.

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2.2.2 Cost Expectations

Considering the cost criteria of a hotspot utilization, a permanent Hotspot at a

coffee shop or hotel would mostly have fee-based usage likely bill for the

service whereas a Hotspot at a trade show or special event or in banks,

institutions etc. would offer the service free-of-charge,. In airports especially if

information and real-time updates are available, such as schedule plane times,

delay duration can be utilized for free of cost. However, a location, such as a

restaurant and hotel, can differentiate itself from its competition by offering the

Hotspot service for free.

2.2.3 Security expectations

Any kind of computer user is aware that computers connecting to a network can

face malicious viral attacks. The responsibility of the wireless provider is to

provide secure links and the user should protect his device by means of

installing a personal firewall or by other means of protecting the device while

connecting to the network.

2.2.4 How Users can find Hotspots

People can be able to find hotspots in several different ways:

PDAs

Wi-Fi Finders

Software

Online directories

Users who need Internet access while traveling can find hotspots in particular

areas by searching through online directories. They can view pertinent details of

the hotspots, like the service set identifier (SSID), also termed as the hotspot's

network name, and whether the network is free or fee-based. The websites

offering online directories that people can use to find hotspots are listed below.:

www.hotspot-locations.com

www.jiwire.com

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www.wi-fihotspotlist.com

www.wi-fifinder.com

Majority of the hotspot networks offer a free software program that people can

download and install on their network devices. This helps travellers to quickly

find hotspots without having an Internet connection. Following are some of the

websites that offer offline or downloadable software directories:

www.hotspot.t-mobile.com/

www.jiwire.com/

www.boingo.com/

2.3 WIFI Hotspot deployment- Business side

The main goal of installing and hosting a Wi-Fi hotspot is to provide high speed

or broadband internet access. In order to fulfil the need of the customers the

vendors are given with an advantage of having instantly available high speed

internet for their business purposes.

2.3.1 Benefits to the vendors of hosting a Wi-Fi Hotspot

Considering the network growth at present, the universe of Wi-Fi hotspot

providers expanded briskly over the initial years of the Wi-Fi hotspot market,

with number of small operating network providers. . This in turn increases the

market strategy of using hotspots. These hotspots are made accessible to several

small business and enterprise customers and are based on several plans. This

has generated a Hotspot operators are essential to generate a wide footprint.

Ability to Create a Private Network

After hosting and setting a Wi-Fi hotspot, one can easily create a private

wireless network which can be used by that organization of private network.

Though the public and private networks can share the same internet connection,

WI-FI HOTSPOTS



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they can be accessed independently from each other and the private network

will be secured from that of public network.

The benefits of setting up our own private wireless network for our business

organization are as follows:

Mobility- Users can be able to achieve mobility while using wireless

networks

Secure Internet browsing- The browsing can be made secure using some

SSL keys etc. in order to prevent the network access from intruders etc.

Shared files and printers- Files can be shared within the network

whenever needed and can be printed.

2.3.2 Figuring the Costs

Hosting a hotspot is not that much cheap, however the benefits usually

outweigh the costs of installing a hotspot. Some typical operating costs to keep

in mind while installing and hosting Wi-Fi hotspot are as follows:

Internet service- It could be mostly 60$ or more per month

Equipment- Equipment costs could be 40-500$ one time, depends upon

the selection of the equipment

Support- could be a few hours each month

The cost of the hardware, varies notably depending up on the size and model of

hotspot you plan to install. Some kind of simplest hotspot using same type of

wireless router costs around 40$ and this is very much cheap because it has

not included all kind of hotspot features such as user redirection, data usage

limits, authentication, and so on.

In the hotspot market, there is an ascendancy of mobile carriers, resulting in the

exposure of Wi-Fi enabled handset devices on their networks. In the future, new

dual-mode Wi-Fi phones are introducing to the market. Growth in applications

will help the usage of network enabled handheld devices to run in the market

WI-FI HOTSPOTS



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over the coming years. Keeping this in mind, markets, such as China, are

opening for hotspots that have previously restricted Wi-Fi usage on handhelds.

The pie chart shown below is taken from In Stats survey. A new research is

made by In-Stat’s organization . It results are followed in the figure, nearly

two-thirds of people indicated that free Wi-Fi influences their choice of

venue. An additional 31% indicated that free access may influence their choice,

and just 5% said that it would have no influence over venue choice. Here the

venue comes under the place that a hotspot is installed.

Figure 3 : Pie chart from a research held by In-Stat- Wifi Hotspots influecing

choice of venues[8]

2.4 Security Issues upon Hotspots

Wireless hotspots, as discussed earlier are changing the way people work. The

wireless local area networks (WLANs) such as Wi-Fi provide broadband or high

speed Internet connection in public locations. Wireless Hotspots can be

considered as an everyday connection method for travellers and remote workers

to send the files, check their email and browse the Internet.

The major disadvantage of using a hotspot is its security. They are usually

unsecured. Unfortunately, that lack of security also makes connecting to that

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network by the user taking his own risk. They are all open networks there is

sure chance that the links could be vulnerable to security breaches. So users

have to consider these things and he have to be alert to make the connection

secure by themselves.

There are some safety measures to be followed by the users who use a public

Wi-Fi Hotspots.

Make sure that the firewall in the device is activated

Approving access points before connecting to a hotspot

Disabling print and file sharing in the device

Making the folders private so that no other can be able to use that

Encrypting the files

Detecting Evil-Twin Hotspot –Evil Twin Hot spots can also be called as

fake hot spots. User must be aware by not connecting to fake hotspots.

All the authentication or payment information for Wi-Fi hotspot access

should be encrypted by SSL , so that there is no way to hack our account

information.

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3 Methodology

Considering the problems that are referred in chapter 1.4, this report is

planned completely by searching and analysing appropriate literature

required for the selected topic. The literature search includes the process of

deploying a WIFI Hotspot, securing a public wireless hot spot in a device

and then finally listing the business trends of several companies that are

providing these public hotspots.

Chapter 2 provides the answers posed in chapter 1.4. Concepts such as

introduction to Wi-Fi technology, over view of a hotspot and its deployment

and in addition the security issued regarding the usage of public hotspots,

gives us an idea of using a public hotspot in any compatible network

devices.

Part of the literature search includes the security issues of using public

hotspots and some of the security tips you can apply, so that users can

connect to a Wi-Fi hotspot safely.

Chapter 4 presents the designing and deploying a public wireless hotspot. It

focuses upon the deployment and installing a wireless connection using

hotspots.

Finally, summing the report by discussing the results of the problems in

chapter 5 stated above in the first chapter.

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4 Implementation

Practically, a public Hotspots can be called as a instantly available

connectionless wireless network in which users can connect internet or private

intranet, and download files, send messages, using some compatible wireless

network devices such as PDA’s, mobile phones, laptops, notebooks or handheld

games. Moreover, the Hotspot can be temporary or permanent in nature. In

other words, the Hotspot should be made invisible to the user in every respect.

The components such as Base mobile stations, Access points, Switches,

Network Access Controller, Web Server, AAA Server, Internet Service

Provider (ISP), High speed internet connection, Wireless ISP can comprise a

Hotspot. Some of these elements may be installed by the owner of the Hotspot

while others may be purchased.

4.1 Designing and deploying a public HOTSPOT

4.1.1 Simple Free Access Hotspot

Designing and installing a free access hotspot is simple and cheap, but it does

not provide any real hotspot features, such as user control and management.

However, some groups such as café bars, libraries etc., might not need all these

features if one is simply intends to provide the public with wireless Internet

access. Offering a free hotspot, attracts more customers.

A simple free hotspot designing solution, is seen in the below figure. Likely a

simple wireless network, it is designed such as those connections found in

homes. In this, an Internet modem helps to connect a wireless router to the

Internet

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Figure 4: Hotspot Layout Diagram

The following steps to be followed in order to completely set up a simple free

access solution:

STEP 1: Gathering the required items:

The main thing that is required for the simple free hotspot solution is wireless

router. When looking for the equipment to be considered, it is better to have the

recommended products. No specific features are required for the wireless

router; it just needs to be compliant with Wi-Fi. The below figure shows the

Linksys Wireless-G Broadband Router, which is the wireless router.

STEP 2: Setting up the Wireless Router

In order to install and set up the wireless router, make sure to follow the

instructions bellow

Do not use any kind of security or encryption methods.

In order to access a hotspot we need an identification for that. Use a

service set identifier network name (SSID) that describes a

business/organization names. For instance, a library might use the name,

"Reader". If the hotspot is being put in a café for the local people, then

we can use the name something such as "Café’s Area".

Configure a channel which is not used by other wireless networks in that

nearby location.

Try to use a mixed mode so that users who may have B or G kind of

wireless adapters can connect to the hotspot.

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STEP 3: Configure Additional Settings in the operating system of the device

Some additional settings are useful in installing and deploying public hotspot

solutions. Since, every wireless router work differently in its own way, One

might need to refer to the wireless router documentation for specific

instructions on some of the settings.

Accessing the Web-Based Configuration Utility

Mostly the wireless routers comprised of built-in web server inside the box that

enables to access a web-based configuration utility easily. After wireless

router is connected, you usually bring up the web browser and enter the IP

address of the wireless router. The common default IP addresses for wireless

routers could be 192.168.1.1, 192.168.0.1, and 192.168.2.1. The wireless router

user guide which will comes with the device will explain which IP address to

use. A prompt to log in will be displayed. The username and password are

included in the user guide to use when logging into the router for the first time.

After logging into the router, we can see a configuration utility screen which

can be configured.

Access Restrictions

Most of the wireless routers enables users to specify the timings that he/she

wants the Internet access to be available. Let us suppose that a student Bob

want his roommates to use the hotspot only during after college timings say 4 in

the evening. Then he can easily set up the wireless router to offer Internet

access only after 4 in the evening.

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5 Results

Practically, a public Hotspots can be called as an instantly available

connectionless wireless network in which users can connect internet or private

intranet, and download files, send messages, using some compatible wireless

network devices such as PDA’s, mobile phones, laptops, notebooks or handheld

games. Moreover, the Hotspot can be temporary or permanent in nature. In

other words, the Hotspot should be made invisible to the user in every respect.

Considering the network growth at present, the universe of Wi-Fi hotspot

providers expanded briskly over the initial years of the Wi-Fi hotspot market,

with number of small operating network providers. . This in turn increases the

market strategy of using hotspots. These hotspots are made accessible to several

small business and enterprise customers and are based on several plans. This

has generated a Hotspot operators are essential to generate a wide footprint.

Wi-Fi technology deployment is increasing day-by-day by the growing

popularity of multi speed broadband internet. It is the best and easiest way to

make several computers to share a broadband link. Up to date, Wi-Fi's main

utilization is in home networking. Development in the technology of Wi Fi

spread to introduce fee-based access points in public places such as coffee-

shops etc.

The main goal of installing and hosting a Wi-Fi hotspot is to provide high speed

or broadband internet access. In order to fulfil the need of the customers the

vendors are given with an advantage of having instantly available high speed

internet for their business purposes.

WI-FI HOTSPOTS



19

6 Conclusions

The entire report is focussed upon Wireless Hotspots. Wireless hotspots are

pretty much useful for those who wants to access internet anywhere in the

world. This is the main theme of wireless hotspots. The instalment and

deployment of a wireless hotspots can be made easily and cheaply. Several

technical and deployment related challenges are discussed that need to be

addressed to a wireless connectivity through Wi-Fi hotspots.

In the coming days with the growing requirements for high speed broadband

internet access in public areas will definitely help to develop Wi-Fi hotspots in

several public areas like airports, conference halls, libraries, hotels, shopping

malls etc.

In order to be beneficiary to the hotspot network provider, a reliable, secure and

robust authentication network should be provided to the user and it should

provide internal firewall settings and make sure to the customer that the

connection is secure.

As a business agreement maintenance, authentication, monitoring the changes

and support should be given to the end user form the stake holder assuring the

network is reliable and secure. This could help the public Wi-Fi hotspots a

remarkable revolution in the global market.

WI-FI HOTSPOTS


Aditya Polisetti

2010-10-31

20

References

[1] Wikipedia – Wi-Fi

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi

[2] W. Stallings, “Wireless Communication & Networks”,

2nd edition

[3] Wikipedia – Hotspots

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotspot_%28Wi-Fi%29

[4] James TGier, Wireless Networks First- step, 1959

[5] Wi-Fi planet

http://www.wi-fiplanet.com/tutorials/article.php/1448941/Deploying-Public-

WLANs.htm

[6] Mi-Fi club

http://www.mificlub.com/2010/09/wireless-wifi-hotspot-market-size/

[7] e-how

http://www.ehow.com/how_5287862_use-wifi-hotspots-security.html

[8] Figure 3 : Pie chart from a research held by In-Stat- Wifi Hotspots influecing

choice of venues.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotspot_%28Wi-Fi%29

http://www.wi-fiplanet.com/tutorials/article.php/1448941/Deploying-Public-WLANs.htm

http://www.wi-fiplanet.com/tutorials/article.php/1448941/Deploying-Public-WLANs.htm

http://www.mificlub.com/2010/09/wireless-wifi-hotspot-market-size/

http://www.ehow.com/how_5287862_use-wifi-hotspots-security.html

Documents

WiFi Hotspots Aditya