Wildlife Services Aviation Research (2009-2018)

The USDA Wildlife Services (WS) program conducts research on new methods and techniques to

mitigate wildlife hazards on and near airports. Much of this work is led by scientists at the WS National

Wildlife Research Center’s Ohio field station in Sandusky, Ohio.

To learn more about these efforts, please see the list below of research publications from 2009 to 2018.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

1. Anderson, A., D.S. Carpenter, M.L. Begier, B.F. Blackwell, T.L. DeVault, and S.A. Shwiff.

2015. Modeling the cost of bird strikes to US civil aircraft. Transportation Research Part D 38:49-

58. doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2015.04.027

2. Andersson, K., C. Davis, B.F. Blackwell, and J.R. Heinen. 2017. Wetland bird abundance and

safety implications for military aircraft operations. Wildlife Society Bulletin 41:424-433.

doi: 10.1002/wsb.804

3. Avery, M.L., J.S. Humphrey, T.S. Daughtery, J.W. Fischer, M.P. Milleson, E.A. Tillman, W.E.

Bruce, and W.D. Walter. 2011. Vulture flight behavior and implications for aircraft safety. Journal of

Wildlife Management 75:1581-1587.

doi: 10.1002/jwmg.205

4. Barrett, S.B., P.M. DeVita, A. Whiteman, D. Bannard, T. Smalinsky, I. Korovesi, J. Plante, and

T.L. DeVault. 2015. Renewable energy as an airport revenue source. Airport Cooperative Research

Program Report 141. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC,

USA. 204 pp.

5. Beason, R.C., J.S. Humphrey, N.E. Myers, and M.L. Avery. 2010. Synchronous monitoring of

vulture movements with satellite telemetry and avian radar. Journal of Zoology 282:157-162.

doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2010.00723.x

6. Belant, J.L., B.E. Washburn, and T.L. DeVault. 2013. Understanding animal movements at and

near airports. Pages 129-138 in: Wildlife in Airport Environments: Preventing Animal–Aircraft

Collisions through Science-Based Management. T.L. DeVault, B.F. Blackwell, and J.L. Belant, eds.

Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, USA.

7. Belant, J.L., T.L. DeVault, and B.F. Blackwell. 2013. Conclusions and future directions. Pages

167-170 in: Wildlife in Airport Environments: Preventing Animal–Aircraft Collisions through

Science-Based Management. T.L. DeVault, B.F. Blackwell, and J.L. Belant, eds. Johns Hopkins

University Press, Baltimore, MD, USA.

8. Bergman, D.L., and B.E. Washburn. 2018. Is razor-wire an effective deterrent for birds perching

on security fences at airports? Proceedings of the Wildlife Damage Management Conference 17:14-

19.

9. Bernhardt, G.E., B.F. Blackwell, T.L. DeVault, and L. Kutchbach-Brohl. 2010. Fatal injuries to

birds from collisions with aircraft reveal anti-predator behaviours. Ibis 152:830-834.

doi: 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2010.01043.x

2

10. Bernhardt, G.E., L. Kutschbach-Brohl, B.E. Washburn, R.B. Chipman, and L.C. Francoeur.

2010. Temporal variation in terrestrial invertebrate consumption by laughing gulls in New York.

American Midland Naturalist 163:442-454.

doi: 10.1674/0003-0031-163.2.442

11. Bernhardt, G.E., Z.J. Patton, L.A. Kutschbach-Brohl, and R.A. Dolbeer. 2009. Management of

bayberry in relation to tree-swallow strikes at John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York.

Journal of Human-Wildlife Conflicts 3(2):237-241.

12. Bierregaard, R.O., A.F. Poole, and B.E. Washburn. 2014. Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) in the 21st

century: populations, migration, management, and research priorities. Journal of Raptor Research

(Special Issue) 48:301-308.

doi: 10.3356/0892-1016-48.4.301

13. Biondi, K.M., J.L. Belant, J.A. Martin, T.L. DeVault, and G. Wang. 2011. White-tailed deer

incidents with U.S. civil aircraft. Wildlife Society Bulletin 35:303-309.

doi: 10.1002/wsb.46

14. Biondi, K.M., J.L. Belant, J.A. Martin, T.L. DeVault, and G. Wang. 2014. Integrating

mammalian hazards with management at U.S. civil airports: a case study. Human-Wildlife

Interactions 8:31-38.

15. Biondi, K M., J.L. Belant, T.L. DeVault, J.A. Martin, and G. Wang. 2013. Bat incidents with

U.S. civil aircraft. Acta Chiropterologica 15:185-192.

doi: 10.3161/150811013X667984

16. Biteman, D.S., D.T. Collins, and B.E. Washburn. 2018. Sunshine, beaches, and birds: managing

raptor-aircraft collisions at airports in southern California. Proceedings of the Vertebrate Pest

Conference 28: In Press.

17. Blackwell, B.F., and E. Fernández-Juricic. Behavior and physiology in the development and

application of visual deterrents at airports. 2013. Pages 11-24 in: Wildlife in Airport Environments:

Preventing Animal-Aircraft Collisions Through Science-based Management. T.L. DeVault, B.F.

Blackwell, and J.L. Belant, eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, USA.

18. Blackwell, B.F., and T.L. DeVault. 2009. Richard A. Dolbeer: scientist, innovator, manager, and

mentor. Human-Wildlife Conflicts 3:296-297.

19. Blackwell, B.F. and T.W. Seamans. 2009. Enhancing the perceived threat of vehicle approach to

deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 73:128-135.

doi: 10.2193/2008-014

20. Blackwell, B.F., D. Felstul, and T.W. Seamans. 2013. Managing airport stormwater to reduce

attraction to wildlife. Pages 93-104 in: Wildlife in Airport Environments: Preventing Animal-Aircraft

Collisions Through Science-based Management. T.L. DeVault, B.F. Blackwell, and J.L. Belant, eds.

Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, USA.

3

21. Blackwell, B.F., E. Fernández-Juricic, T.W. Seamans, and T. Dolan. 2009. Avian visual system

configuration and behavioural response to object approach. Animal Behaviour 77:673-684.

doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.11.017

22. Blackwell, B.F., P. Schmidt, and J.A. Martin. 2013. Avian survey methods for use at airports.

Pages 153-166 in: Wildlife in Airport Environments: Preventing Animal-Aircraft Collisions Through

Science-based Management. T.L. DeVault, B.F. Blackwell, and J.L. Belant, eds. Johns Hopkins

University Press, Baltimore, MD, USA.

23. Blackwell, B.F., T.L. DeVault, E. Fernández-Juricic, and R.A. Dolbeer. 2009. Wildlife collisions

with aircraft: a missing component of land-use planning for airports. Landscape and Urban Planning

93:1-9.

doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2009.07.005

24. Blackwell, B.F., T.L. DeVault, E. Fernández-Juricic, E.M. Gese, L. Gilbert-Norton, and S.W.

Breck. 2016. No single solution: application of behavioural principles in mitigating human-wildlife

conflict. Animal Behaviour 120:245-254.

doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.07.013

25. Blackwell, B.F., T.L. DeVault, T.W. Seamans, S.L. Lima, P. Baumhardt, and E. Fernández-

Juricic. 2012. Exploiting avian vision with aircraft lighting to reduce bird strikes. Journal of Applied

Ecology 49:758-766.

doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02165.x

26. Blackwell, B.F., T.W. Seamans, J.L. Belant, K.C. VerCauteren, and L. Tyson. 2012. Exploiting

anti-predator behavior in white-tailed deer for resource protection. Wildlife Society Bulletin 169:1-8.

doi: 10.1002/wsb.169

27. Blackwell, B.F., T.W. Seamans, K. Linnell, L. Kutschbach-Brohl, and T.L. DeVault. 2016.

Effects of visual obstruction, prey resources, and satiety on bird use of simulated airport grasslands.

Applied Animal Behaviour Science 185:113-120.

doi: 10.1016/j.applanim.2016.10.005

28. Blackwell, B.F., T.W. Seamans, M.B. Pfeiffer, and B.N. Buckingham. 2018. European starling

reproduction undeterred by predator scent inside nest boxes. Canadian Journal of Zoology 96:980-

986.

doi: 10.1139/cjz-2017-0299

29. Blackwell, B.F., T.W. Seamans, P.M. Schmidt, T.L. DeVault, J.L. Belant, M.J. Whittingham,

J.A. Martin, and E. Fernández-Juricic. 2013. A framework for managing airport grasslands and birds

amidst conflicting priorities. Ibis 155:199-203.

doi: 10.1111/ibi.12011

30. Blackwell, B.F., T.W. Seamans, and T.L. DeVault. 2014. White-tailed deer response to vehicle

approach: evidence of unclear and present danger. PLoS ONE 9:e109988.

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109988

4

31. Bowden, A., R.J. Hromack, C.H. Loftis, A.D. Spencer, and B.E. Washburn. 2018. Management

of wintering short-eared owls at airports in the Lower Great Lakes Region. Proceedings of the

Wildlife Damage Management Conference 17:64-70.

32. Chipman, R., and R. Dolbeer. 2011. Protecting evidence of life interrupted: wildlife management

after 9-11. The Wildlife Professional, Fall 2011: 78-82. The Wildlife Society.

33. Conkling, T.J., J.A. Martin, J.L. Belant, and T.L. DeVault. 2015. Spatiotemporal dynamics in

identification of aircraft-bird strikes. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation

Research Board 2471:19-25.

doi: 10.3141/2471-03

34. Conkling, T.J., J.L. Belant, T.L. DeVault, and J.A. Martin. 2018. Impacts of biomass production

at civil airports on grassland bird conservation and aviation strike risk. Ecological Applications

28:1168-1181.

doi: 10.1002/eap.1716

35. Crain, A.R., J.L. Belant, and T.L. DeVault. 2015. Carnivore incidents with U.S. civil aircraft.

Transportation Research Part D 36:160-166.

doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2014.12.001

36. Curtis, P.D., J.D. Cepek, R. Mihalco, T.W. Seamans, and S.R. Craven. 2013. Wildlife

translocation as a management alternative at airports. Pages 61-65 in: Wildlife in Airport

Environments: Preventing Animal–Aircraft Collisions through Science-Based Management. T.L.

DeVault, B.F. Blackwell, and J.L. Belant, eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD,

USA.

37. DeVault, T.L., and B.E. Washburn. 2013. Identification and management of wildlife food

resources at airports. Pages 79-90 in: Wildlife in Airport Environments: Preventing Animal–Aircraft

Collisions through Science-Based Management. T.L. DeVault, B.F. Blackwell, and J.L. Belant, eds.

Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, USA.

38. DeVault, T.L., B.F. Blackwell, and J.L. Belant, eds. 2013. Wildlife in Airport Environments:

Preventing Animal–Aircraft Collisions through Science-Based Management. Johns Hopkins

University Press, Baltimore, MD, USA. 181 pp.

39. DeVault, T.L., B.F. Blackwell, J.L. Belant, and M.J. Begier. 2017. Wildlife at Airports. Wildlife

Damage Management Technical Series. USDA, APHIS, WS National Wildlife Research Center. Fort

Collins, Colorado. 19 pp.

40. DeVault, T.L., B.F. Blackwell, T.W. Seamans, and J.L. Belant. 2016. Identification of off airport

interspecific avian hazards to aircraft. Journal of Wildlife Management 80:746-752.

doi: 10.1002/jwmg.1041

41. DeVault, T.L., B.F. Blackwell, T.W. Seamans, M.J. Begier, J.D. Kougher, J.E. Washburn, P.R.

Miller, and R.A. Dolbeer. 2018. Estimating interspecific economic risk of bird strikes with aircraft.

Wildlife Society Bulletin 42:94-101.

doi: 10.1002/wsb.859

5

42. DeVault, T.L., B.F. Blackwell, T.W. Seamans, S.L. Lima, and E. Fernández-Juricic. 2014.

Effects of vehicle speed on flight initiation by turkey vultures: implications for bird–vehicle

collisions. PLoS ONE 9:e87944.

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087944

43. DeVault, T.L., B.F. Blackwell, T.W. Seamans, S.L. Lima, and E. Fernández-Juricic. 2015. Speed

kills: ineffective avian escape responses to oncoming vehicles. Proceedings of the Royal Society B

282:20142188.

doi: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2188

44. DeVault, T.L., B.F. Blackwell, T.W. Seamans, S.L. Lima, and E. Fernández-Juricic. 2018.

Individual variation in avian avoidance behaviours in response to repeated, simulated vehicle

approach. Canadian Journal of Zoology 96:441-446.

doi: 10.1139/cjz-2017-0142

45. DeVault, T.L., J.L. Belant, B.F. Blackwell, J.A. Martin, J.A. Schmidt, L.W. Burger, Jr., and J.W.

Patterson, Jr. 2012. Airports offer unrealized potential for alternative energy production.

Environmental Management 49:517-522.

doi: 10.1007/s00267-011-9803-4

46. DeVault, T.L., J.L. Belant, B.F. Blackwell, and T.W. Seamans. 2011. Interspecific variation in

wildlife hazards to aircraft: implications for airport wildlife management. Wildlife Society Bulletin

35:394-402.

doi: 10.1002/wsb.75

47. DeVault, T.L., J.E. Kubel, O.E. Rhodes, Jr., and R.A. Dolbeer. 2009. Habitat and bird

communities at small airports in the midwestern USA. Proceedings of the Wildlife Damage

Management Conference:137-145.

48. DeVault, T.L., M.J. Begier, J.L. Belant, B.F. Blackwell, R.A. Dolbeer, J.A. Martin, T.W.

Seamans, and B.E. Washburn. 2013. Rethinking airport land-cover paradigms: agriculture, grass, and

wildlife hazards. Human-Wildlife Interactions 7:10-15.

49. DeVault, T.L., P.A. Block, and M. Hillesheim. 2017. Solar photovoltaic arrays and Bird/Animal

Aircraft Strike Hazard. U.S. Department of the Navy Fact Sheet, Renewable Energy Program Office.

50. DeVault, T.L., T.W. Seamans, B.F. Blackwell, S.L. Lima, M.A. Martinez, and E. Fernández-

Juricic. 2017. Can experience reduce collisions between birds and vehicles? Journal of Zoology

301:17-22.

doi: 10.1111/jzo.12385

51. DeVault, T.L., T.W. Seamans, J.A. Schmidt, J.L. Belant, B.F. Blackwell, N. Mooers, L.A.

Tyson, and L. Van Pelt. 2014. Bird use of solar photovoltaic installations at US airports: implications

for aviation safety. Landscape and Urban Planning 122:122-128.

doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.11.017

52. Dolbeer, R.A. 2009. Trends in wildlife strike reporting, Part 1—voluntary system, 1990-2008.

U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Research and

Technology Development, DOT/FAA/AR/09/65. Washington D.C. USA. 20 pages.

6

53. Dolbeer, R.A. 2009. Wildlife strike reporting, Part 2—sources of data in voluntary system. U.S.

Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Research and Technology

Development, DOT/FAA/AR/09/63. Washington D.C. USA. 37 pages.

54. Dolbeer, R.A. 2009. Introduction to special topic: Birds and aircraft—fighting for airspace in

ever more crowded skies. Human-Wildlife Conflicts 3(2):165-166.

55. Dolbeer, R.A. 2011. Increasing trend of damaging bird strikes with aircraft outside the airport

boundary: implications for mitigation measures. Human-Wildlife Interactions 5:235-248.

56. Dolbeer, R.A. 2013. The history of wildlife strikes and management at airports. Pages 1-7 in:

Wildlife in Airport Environments: Preventing Animal–Aircraft Collisions through Science-Based

Management. T.L. DeVault, B.F. Blackwell, and J.L. Belant, eds. Johns Hopkins University Press,

Baltimore, MD, USA.

57. Dolbeer, R.A. 2015. Trends in reporting of wildlife strikes with civil aircraft and in identification

of species struck under a primarily voluntary reporting system, 1990-2013. Special report submitted

to the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Office of the Associate

Administrator of Airports, Airport Safety and Standards, Washington D.C. USA. 45 pages.

58. Dolbeer, R.A. 2017. Dynamics and management of blackbird populations. Pages 119-134 in:

Ecology and management of blackbirds (Icteridae) in North America. G. M. Linz, M. L. Avery, and

R. A. Dolbeer, editors. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, USA.

59. Dolbeer, R.A. 2018. Bird and other wildlife hazards at airports: liability issues for airport

managers. Special Report, Version 2018.1. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health

Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Airport Wildlife Hazards Program, Washington D.C., USA.

60. Dolbeer, R.A. 2018. Wildlife strikes to civil aircraft in the United States, 1990-2016. U.S.

Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Airport Safety and

Standards, Serial Report No. 23, Washington, DC., USA. 49 pages.

61. Dolbeer, R.A., and A.B. Franklin. 2013. Population management to reduce the risk of wildlife-

aircraft collisions. Pages 67-76 in: Wildlife in Airport Environments: Preventing Animal–Aircraft

Collisions through Science-Based Management. T.L. DeVault, B.F. Blackwell, and J.L. Belant, eds.

Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, USA.

62. Dolbeer, R.A., and E.C. Cleary. 2014. The Mexico City International Airport Project: Expert

Opinion on Bird and Wetland Issues Related to Ex-Vaso de Texcoco. Special Report for Secretaria de

Comunicaciones y Transportes (SCT), Aeropuertos y Servicios Auxiliares (ASA), Mexico City,

Mexico. July 2014.

63. Dolbeer, R.A., and G.M. Keirn. 2013. In memory: John L. Seubert, 1921-2013. Human–

Wildlife Interactions 7(2):337–338.

64. Dolbeer, R.A., and G.M. Linz. 2016. Blackbirds. Wildlife Damage Management Technical

Series. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife

Services, National Wildlife Research Center. Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA. 16 Pages.

7

65. Dolbeer, R.A., and M.J. Begier. 2012. Comparison of wildlife strike data among airports to

improve aviation safety. Proceedings of the 30th International Bird Strike Committee meeting.

Stavanger, Norway.

66. Dolbeer, R.A., and M.J. Begier. 2013. Population trends for large bird species in North America

in relation to aircraft engine standards. Bird Strike Committee-USA meeting. Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Special report for the Aviation Rulemaking Advisory Committee (ARAC) and U.S. Department of

Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Airport Safety and Standards,

Washington, DC., USA.

67. Dolbeer, R.A., and S.E. Wright. 2009. Safety Management Systems: how useful will the FAA

National Wildlife Strike Database be? Human-Wildlife Conflicts 3(2):167-178.

68. Dolbeer, R.A., and W.J. Barnes. 2017. Positive bias in bird strikes to engines on left side of

aircraft. Human-Wildlife Interactions 11:33-40.

69. Dolbeer, R.A., J.L. Seubert, and M.J. Begier. 2014. Population trends of resident and migratory

Canada geese in relation to strikes with civil aircraft. Human-Wildlife Interactions 8:88-99.

70. Dolbeer, R.A., J.R. Weller, A.L. Anderson, and M.J. Beiger. 2016. Wildlife strikes to civil

aircraft in the United States, 1990-2015. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation

Administration, Office of Airport Safety and Standards, Serial Report No. 22, Washington, DC.,

USA. 121 pages.

71. Dolbeer, R.A., M.J. Begier, and J.R. Weller. 2018. The National Wildlife Strike Database: a

scientific foundation to enhance aviation safety. Proceedings Vertebrate Pest Conference 28: In

Press.

72. Dolbeer, R.A., S.E. Wright, J.R. Weller, and M.J. Beiger. 2009. Wildlife strikes to civil aircraft

in the United States, 1990-2008. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation

Administration, Office of Airport Safety and Standards, Serial Report No. 15, Washington, DC.,

USA. 61 pages.

73. Dolbeer, R.A., S.E. Wright, J.R. Weller, and M.J. Beiger. 2011. Wildlife strikes to civil aircraft

in the United States, 1990-2009. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation

Administration, Office of Airport Safety and Standards, Serial Report No. 16, Washington, DC.,

USA. 68 pages.

74. Dolbeer, R.A., S.E. Wright, J.R. Weller, and M.J. Beiger. 2012. Wildlife strikes to civil aircraft

in the United States, 1990-2010. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation

Administration, Office of Airport Safety and Standards, Serial Report No. 17, Washington, DC.,

USA. 84 pages.

75. Dolbeer, R.A., S.E. Wright, J. Weller, and M.J. Beiger. 2012. Wildlife strikes to civil aircraft in

the United States, 1990-2011. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration,

Office of Airport Safety and Standards, Serial Report No. 18, Washington, DC., USA. 89 pages.

8

76. Dolbeer, R.A., S.E. Wright, J. Weller, and M.J. Beiger. 2013. Wildlife strikes to civil aircraft in

the United States, 1990-2012. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration,

Office of Airport Safety and Standards, Serial Report No. 19, Washington, DC., USA. 96 pages.

77. Dolbeer, R.A., S.E. Wright, J.R. Weller, and M.J. Beiger. 2014. Wildlife strikes to civil aircraft

in the United States, 1990-2013. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation

Administration, Office of Airport Safety and Standards, Serial Report No. 20, Washington, DC.,

USA. 98 pages.

78. Dolbeer, R.A., S.E. Wright, J.R. Weller, A.L. Anderson, and M.J. Beiger. 2015. Wildlife strikes

to civil aircraft in the United States, 1990-2014. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation

Administration, Office of Airport Safety and Standards, Serial Report No. 21, Washington, DC.,

USA. 101 pages.

doi: 10.13140/RG.2.1.2370.6649

79. Doppler, M.S., B.F. Blackwell, T.L. DeVault, and E. Fernández-Juricic. 2015. Cowbird

responses to aircraft with lights tuned to their eyes: implications for bird-aircraft collisions. Condor:

Ornithological Applications 117:165-177.

80. Dorak, B.E., M.P. Ward, M.W. Eichholz, B.E. Washburn, T.P. Lyons, and H.M. Hagy. 2017.

Survival and habitat selection of Canada geese during autumn and winter in metropolitan Chicago,

USA. Condor: Ecological Applications 119:787-799.

doi: 10.1650/CONDOR-16-234.1

81. Drey, K.M., J.A. Martin, J.L. Belant, T.L. DeVault, and B.F. Blackwell. 2014. Interactions

between wildlife and civil aircraft in Mississippi. Southeastern Naturalist 13:156-165.

doi: 10.1656/058.013.0115

82. Fernández-Juricic, E., B. Moore, M. Doppler, J. Freeman, B.F. Blackwell, S.L. Lima, and T.L.

DeVault. 2011. Testing the terrain hypothesis: Canada geese see their world laterally and obliquely.

Brain, Behavior and Evolution 77:147-158.

doi: 10.1159/000326053

83. Fernández-Juricic, E., J. Brand, B.F. Blackwell, T.W. Seamans, and T.L. DeVault. 2018. Species

with greater aerial maneuverability have higher frequency of collisions with aircraft: a comparative

study. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 6:17.

doi: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00017

84. Fernández-Juricic, E., J. Gaffney, B.F. Blackwell, and P. Baumhardt. 2011. Bird strikes and

aircraft fuselage color: a correlational study. Human-Wildlife Interactions 5:224-234.

85. Fox, B.J., W.B. Holland, F. Boyd, B.F. Blackwell and J. Armstrong. 2013. Use of stormwater

impoundments near airports by birds recognized as hazardous to aviation safety. Landscape and

Urban Planning 119:64-73.

doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.06.005

86. Gerringer, M.B., S.L. Lima, and T.L. DeVault. 2016. Evaluation of an avian radar system in a

midwestern landscape. Wildlife Society Bulletin 40:150-159.

doi: 10.1002/wsb.614

9

87. Guerrant, T.L., C.K. Pullins, S.F. Beckerman, and B.E. Washburn. 2013. Managing raptors to

reduce wildlife strikes at Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport. Proceedings of the Wildlife

Damage Management Conference 15:63-68.

88. Goller, B., B.F. Blackwell, T.L. DeVault, P.E. Baumhardt, and E. Fernández-Juricic. 2018.

Assessing bird avoidance of high-contrast lights using a choice test approach: implications for

reducing human-induced avian mortality. PeerJ 6:e5404.

doi: 10.7717/peerj.5404

89. Holland, A.E., M.E. Byrne, A.L. Bryan, T.L. DeVault, O.E. Rhodes, Jr., and J.C. Beasley. 2017.

Fine-scale assessment of home ranges and activity patterns for resident black vultures (Coragyps

atratus) and turkey vultures (Cathartes aura). PLoS ONE 12:e0179819.

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179819

90. Iglay, R.B., B.N. Buckingham, T.W. Seamans, J.A. Martin, B.F. Blackwell, J.L. Belant, and T.L.

DeVault. 2017. Bird use of grain fields and implications for habitat management at airports.

Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 242:34-42.

doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2017.03.022

91. Iglay, R.B., K.B. Schwarz, J.L. Belant, J.A. Martin, G. Wang, and T.L. DeVault. 2018. Large

mammal use of seminatural grasslands and implications for aviation strike risk. Journal of Fish and

Wildlife Management 9:222-227.

doi: 10.3996/022017-JFWM-019

92. Iglay, R.B., T.J. Conkling, T.L. DeVault, J.L. Belant, and J.A. Martin. 2018. Forage or biofuel:

assessing native warm season grass production among seed mixes and harvest frequencies within a

wildlife conservation framework. Southeastern Naturalist 17: In Press.

93. Keirn, G., J. Cepek, B.F. Blackwell, and T.L. DeVault. 2010. On a quest for safer skies:

managing the growing threat of wildlife hazards to aviation. The Wildlife Professional 4(2):52-55.

94. Kutschbach-Brohl, L., B.E. Washburn, G.E. Bernhardt, R.B. Chipman, and L.C. Francoeur.

2010. Arthropods of a semi-natural grassland in an urban environment: the John F. Kennedy

International Airport, New York. Journal of Insect Conservation 14:347-358.

doi: 10.1007/s10841-010-9264-8

95. Lima, S.L., B.F. Blackwell, T.L. DeVault, and E. Fernández-Juricic. 2015. Animal reactions to

oncoming vehicles: a conceptual review. Biological Reviews 90:60-76.

doi: 10.1111/brv.12093

96. Linnell, K.E., and B.E. Washburn. 2018. Assessing owl collisions with civil and U.S. Air Force

aircraft. Journal of Raptor Research 52:282-290.

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98. Linz, G.M., M.L. Avery, and R.A. Dolbeer. 2017. History of regulations, policy, and research

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104. Martin, J.A., J.L. Belant, T.L. DeVault, B.F. Blackwell, L.W. Burger, Jr., S.K. Riffell, and G.

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105. Martin, J.A., T.J. Conkling, J.L. Belant, K.M. Biondi, B.F. Blackwell, T.L. DeVault, E.

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107. Pfeiffer, M.B., B.F. Blackwell, and T.L. DeVault. 2018. Quantification of avian hazards to

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108. Pfeiffer, M.B., J.D. Kougher, and T.L. DeVault. 2018. Civil airports from a landscape

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109. Phillips, A.C., S. Majumdar, B.E. Washburn, D. Mayer, R. Swearingin, E. Herricks, T.L.

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110. Pitlik, T.J., and B.E. Washburn. 2012. Using birds strike information to direct effective

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111. Pitlik, T.J., and B.E. Washburn. 2016. Non-lethal management of American kestrels: a case

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112. Pullins, C.K., T.L. Guerrant, S.C. Beckerman, and B.E. Washburn. 2018. Mitigation

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114. Rutledge, M.E., R. Sollmann, B.E. Washburn, C.E. Moorman, and C.S. DePerno. 2015. Using

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116. Schlichting, P.E., A.E. Holland, J.C. Beasley, A.L. Bryan, R.A. Kennamer, T.L. DeVault, B.F.

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117. Schmidt, J.A., B.E. Washburn, T.L. DeVault, T.W. Seamans, and P.M. Schmidt. 2013. Do native

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118. Schwarz, K.B., J.L. Belant, J.A. Martin, T.L. DeVault, and G. Wang. 2014. Behavioral traits and

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121. Seamans, T.W., B.F. Blackwell, G.E. Bernhardt, and D.A. Potter. 2015. Assessing chemical

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122. Seamans, T.W., B.F. Blackwell, and T.L. DeVault. 2013. Brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus

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123. Seamans, T.W., J.A. Martin, and J.L. Belant. 2013. Tactile and auditory repellents to reduce

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130. Washburn, B.E. 2012. Are turf-type tall fescue cultivars useful for reducing wildlife hazards in

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131. Washburn, B.E. 2014. Human-osprey conflicts: industry, utilities, communication, and

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134. Washburn, B.E., and M.J. Begier. 2011. Wildlife responses to long-term application of biosolids

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135. Washburn, B.E. and T.W. Seamans. 2012. Foraging preferences of Canada geese among

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136. Washburn, B.E. and T.W. Seamans. 2013. Managing turfgrass to reduce wildlife hazards at

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137. Washburn, B.E., C.K. Pullins, R. Swearingin, and M. Rice. 2016. Composition and diversity of

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138. Washburn, B.E., G.E. Bernhardt, and L. Kutschbach-Brohl. 2011. Using dietary analysis to

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139. Washburn, B.E., G.E. Bernhardt, L. Kutschbach-Brohl, R.B. Chipman, and L.C. Francoeur.

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140. Washburn, B.E., J.R. Weller, M.J. Begier, R.A. Dolbeer, E.C. Cleary, E.A. LeBoeuf, L.C.

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141. Washburn, B.E., M.J. Begier, and S.E. Wright. 2015. Collisions between eagles and aircraft: an

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142. Washburn, B.E., M.S. Lowney, and A.L. Gosser. 2012. Historical and current status of laughing

gull breeding in New York State. Wilson Journal of Ornithology 124:525-530.

143. Washburn, B.E., P.J. Cisar, and T.L. DeVault. 2013. Wildlife strikes to civil helicopters in the

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144. Washburn, B.E., P.J. Cisar, and T.L. DeVault. 2014. Wildlife strikes with U.S. military rotary-

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145. Washburn, B.E., P.J. Cisar, and T. L. DeVault. 2014. Wildlife strikes with military rotary-wing

aircraft during flight operations within the United States. Wildlife Society Bulletin 38:311-320.

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146. Washburn, B.E., P.J. Cisar, and T.L. DeVault. 2017. Impact locations and damage to civil and

military rotary-wing aircraft from wildlife strikes. Human-Wildlife Interactions 11:23-32.

147. Washburn, B.E., S. Elbin, and C. Davis. 2016. Historical and current population trends of herring

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