WIM Site Location

WIM #27 is located on MN 60 near St. James in Watonwan county.

System Operation

WIM #27 was operational for the entire month of April 2017. Volume was computed using all monthly data.

System Calibration

WIM #27 was most recently calibrated on 2015-06-17. Table 1 summarizes the front axle weights of class 9s by lane 1. Table 1 indicates that the class 9 front axle weights were all over +/- 9% of baseline calibration values for all lanes except lane 1. Figure 1 shows the distribution of gross vehicle weights (GVW) in Class 9 vehicles at this site for the last 12 months of operation 2. Figure 2 depicts the average front axle weight as a percent difference from the first full month following calibration.

Summary of Volume Statistics Total Monthly Volume: 185976 | Passenger Vehicles: 154489 | Heavy Commercial Vehicles: 31487

Monthly Average Daily Traffic (MADT): 6199 | Monthly Heavy Commercial Average Daily Traffic (MHCADT): 1050

See Table 2 for vehicle class breakdown

Passenger Vehicles (PVs) and Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCVs)

Volume trends. EB vehicles typically reached highest volume levels on Sundays, with lowest volumes reported on Tuesdays. WB vehicles typically reached highest volume levels on Fridays, with lowest volumes reported on Tuesdays (see Figure 3 and 4).

Passenger Vehicles (PVs)

Volume trends. On an average 24-hour day (see Figure 5), EB PVs generally reached peak volume levels between 02 PM and 04 PM. Similarly, WB PVs peaked in volume between 02 PM and 04 PM

Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCVs)

Volume trends. On an average 24-hour day, HCVs traveling EB typically reached peak volume levels between 02 PM and 04 PM, while volume going WB peaked between 02 PM and 04 PM. See Figure 6. Out of all HCVs, the two highest traffic volumes were generated by Class 9's and Class 5's.

Overweight HCVs

Volume trends. Of a total of 31487 HCVs, 2885 of them were overweight 3. These overweight HCVs contributed to 1.6% of total monthly volume, and 9.5% of total monthly HCV volume. EB overweight vehicles typically reached highest numbers on Thursdays, with lowest volumes reported on Saturdays. WB overweight vehicles tended to reach highest volumes on Wednesdays, with lowest volumes reported on Saturdays. See Figure 3 . The top two overweight violators by class were the class 9 and class 13 vehicles . Overall, overweight vehicles tended to reach peak volume concentrations during typical business hours, with 91.2% of all overweight vehicles traveling EB this month (see Figure 7 & 8). Figure 9 shows the number of vehicles exceeding 88,000 pounds that crossed the WIM over the last 12 months. The highest number of 88,000+ vehicles within the last 12 months occurred in January. WIMs are currently used as a screening tool for weight enforcement, and it is estimated that the WIM scales can measure gross vehicle weights (GVW) within 90-95% of static weight scale measurements. Due to the possibility of measurement error, vehicles exceeding 10% of their legal weight limits (or 1.1 times their legal weight limits) are considered overweight in this report 4. Using normal load limits ,619 EB vehicles exceeded 88,000 pounds (281 vehicles were Class 13's; 222 vehicles were Class 9's). Of vehicles traveling WB,

22 EB vehicles exceeded 88,000 pounds (17 vehicles were Class 13's; 4 vehicles were Class 10's). Refer to Table 3 for the Top 10 highest recorded GVWs from Classes 9 and 10 from April 2017.

Loaded vs. Unloaded HCVs. Figure 10 shows the GVW distributions of Class 9s and 10s in April 2017. Data suggests that there were greater numbers of fully_loaded Class 9's than empty Class 9's traveling EB, while there were more empty Class 9's than fully_loaded traveling WB. Data also suggests that there were more fully_loaded Class 10's than empty traveling in the EB direction. In the WB direction, there were more fully_loaded class 10 vehicles.

Freight Totals. A total of 309372 tons of freight was recorded to have crossed the WIM. More freight was shipped EB (64.5%) than WB (35.5%). See Table 4 and Figure 11 for more freight information.

Infrastructure Considerations

Bridge. Bridge No. 93716, an arch pipe, is approximately 3.0 miles west of WIM #27 and Bridge No. 83030 is approximately 8.1 miles east of WIM #27. WIM #27 recorded a total of 185976 vehicles with a combined GVW of 2218058 kips (1 kip = 1,000 pounds = 0.5 tons) in April 2017. See Table 5 and Figures 12-13 for GVW information by vehicle class and lane.

Pavement Design. A total of 25717 equivalent single axle loads (ESALs) passed over the pavement at this site. Approximately 69.3% of all ESALs were recorded EB while 30.7% was observed WB. In particular, 84% of all ESALs were generated by the Class 9's (Class 9's were also responsible for generating 56% of total GVW observed this month). See Table 6 and Figures 14-15 for more information on ESALs (Table 6 also provides flexible ESAL

factors for each vehicle class using a terminal serviceability of 2.5 and a structural number of 5).

WIM monthly reports can be found at: http://www.dot.state.mn.us/traffic/data/reports-monthly-wimnew.html

MnDOT's vehicle classification scheme and vehicle class groupings for traffic forecasting can be found at: http://www.dot.state.mn.us/traffic/data/data-products.html#weight

To request this document in an alternative format, please call 651-366-4718 or 1-800-657-3774, or email your request to ADArequest.dot@state.mn.us. Please request at least one week in advance.

• 1 Front axle weights of Class 9s are monitored on a monthly basis to assure performance between calibrations. The current goal of the WIM scale calibration is to have each individual axle weight stay within a range of ?9% of baseline calibration values

• 2 Previous WIM research indicates that unloaded Class 9s typically weigh 28-32 kips, while loaded Class 9s generally fall in the 70-80 kip range. More recent data from several WIM sites suggests that the unloaded Class 9 range may have moved a little higher over time (due to increased presence of sleeper cabs, etc.), although these ranges are also thought to be site-specific.

• 3 An HCV is considered overweight during normal load limits in this report if they satisfy any of the following 1) exceed a gross vehicle weight (GVW) of 80,000 pounds, 2) exceed any of the legal weight maximums on any axle configurations (legal maximums are: single axle = 20,000 pounds; tandem axles spaced 8' or less = 34,000 pounds; tridem axles spaced 9' or less = 43,000 pounds; quad axles spaced 13' or less = 51,000 pounds). Monthly reports use this standard regardless of the time of year however, the Winter Load Increase (WLI) allows a 10% across the board increase in axle and gross vehicle weights without a permit on US, state routes, and county roads. An HCV is considered overweight during Winter Load Increase(WLI) if they satisfy any of the following 1) exceed a gross vehicle weight (GVW) of 88,000 pounds, 2) exceed any of the legal weight maximums on any axle configurations (legal maximums are: single axle = 22,000 pounds; tandem axles spaced 8' or less = 37,400 pounds; tridem axles spaced 9' or less = 47,300 pounds; quad axles spaced 13' or less = 56,100 pounds). An overweight HCV is only included once in the overweight volume calculations regardless of how many of the aforementioned conditions are violated. For information on MN weight limit dates and statutes: http://www.mrr.dot.state.mn.us/research/seasonal_load_limits/sllindex.asp

• 4 For example, Class 9s and 10s can legally have gross vehicle weights up to 80,000 lbs (with the exception of permitted loads) during normal load limits. To account for measurement error on the WIM scales, those exceeding 10% of the legal GVW maximum (or 1.1 times the legal GVW) should be screened (e.g., 80,000 lbs + 8,000 lbs = 88,000 lbs). Similarly during WLI vehicles weighing 96,800 lbs should be screened.

Vehicle Weights (Kips)

May 2016

Jun 2016

Jul 2016

Aug 2016

Sep 2016

Oct 2016

Nov 2016

Dec 2016

Jan 2017

Feb 2017

Mar 2017

Apr 2017

88-90 88 78 61 99 102 101 66 73 120 113 134 146 90-92 69 54 50 87 96 103 72 56 88 87 111 91 92-94 22 14 21 30 67 98 65 75 102 82 94 100 94-96 15 9 11 15 20 62 84 88 115 97 86 82 96-98 8 9 10 14 11 41 69 108 111 80 69 80 98-100 2 4 4 10 4 13 45 89 86 76 58 34 >100 43 38 46 29 33 40 60 115 138 137 127 85 Total 247 206 203 284 333 458 461 604 760 672 679 618

Vehicle Weights (Kips)

May 2016

Jun 2016

Jul 2016

Aug 2016

Sep 2016

Oct 2016

Nov 2016

Dec 2016

Jan 2017

Feb 2017

Mar 2017

Apr 2017

88-90 5 3 1 6 14 10 11 10 100 21 13 2 90-92 7 3 4 3 12 15 13 16 65 14 8 1 92-94 7 1 4 3 12 7 3 3 45 7 6 6 94-96 2 1 3 3 1 4 2 3 32 3 7 2 96-98 1 0 4 2 1 2 2 3 11 1 2 0 98-100 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 4 6 1 0 1 >100 15 4 4 10 12 16 31 11 12 5 11 9 Total 38 14 20 27 53 55 63 50 271 52 47 21

Table 1 Class 9 Front Axle Weight by Lane Month Lane 1

(Kips) Front Axle +/- 9%

Lane 2 (Kips)

Front Axle +/- 9%

Lane 3 (Kips)

Front Axle +/- 9%

Lane 4 (kips)

Front Axle +/- 9%

July 2015 11.23 0.00 11.34 0.00 12.02 0.00 11.77 0.00 August 2015

11.58 3.14 11.67 2.91 11.85 -1.42 11.83 0.45

September 2015

11.64 3.73 11.63 2.59 11.77 -2.12 11.74 -0.31

October 2015

11.77 4.84 11.88 4.77 11.26 -6.34 11.63 -1.26

November 2015

12.05 7.33 12.15 7.21 NA NA 11.01 -6.51

December 2015

12.31 9.63 12.39 9.33 7.12 -40.77 10.71 -9.02

January 2016

12.55 11.77 12.32 8.67 8.40 -30.12 10.72 -8.96

February 2016

11.22 -0.10 12.70 12.00 11.23 -6.56 9.50 -19.33

March 2016

10.41 -7.28 12.46 9.93 10.90 -9.29 8.69 -26.23

April 2016 10.29 -8.32 12.41 9.51 10.95 -8.90 8.97 -23.79 May 2016 10.17 -9.43 12.20 7.65 11.00 -8.51 8.92 -24.24 June 2016 10.09 -10.11 12.00 5.83 10.91 -9.26 8.54 -27.43 July 2016 10.14 -9.64 11.98 5.69 10.95 -8.93 8.69 -26.23 August 2016

10.23 -8.84 12.17 7.38 10.81 -10.12 9.00 -23.54

September 2016

10.33 -8.02 12.30 8.54 10.82 -10.01 10.15 -13.83

October 2016

10.45 -6.90 12.56 10.85 10.72 -10.86 10.31 -12.44

November 2016

10.66 -5.04 12.73 12.33 10.86 -9.69 10.02 -14.93

December 2016

11.08 -1.29 13.44 18.56 10.82 -10.01 10.25 -12.95

January 2017

11.04 -1.66 13.34 17.68 11.01 -8.41 11.44 -2.87

February 2017

11.05 -1.55 13.17 16.16 10.79 -10.28 10.20 -13.33

March 2017

10.94 -2.52 13.10 15.55 10.63 -11.54 9.82 -16.56

April 2017 10.77 -4.06 12.82 13.08 10.63 -11.60 9.80 -16.77

Table 2 Vehicle Classification Data Vehicle Class Monthly

Average Daily Volume

Monthly Total Volume

Monthly Total Volume Percentage

Monthly Total Overweight Vehicles

Monthly Total Overweight Percentage

1 1 30 0 0 0 2 3313 99390 53.4 0 0 3 1836 55068 29.6 0 0 4 15 445 0.2 6 0.2 5 130 3896 2.1 23 0.8 6 32 970 0.5 26 0.9 7 1 43 0 4 0.1 8 31 933 0.5 7 0.2 9 778 23326 12.5 2069 71.7 10 30 888 0.5 294 10.2 11 10 292 0.2 9 0.3 12 10 302 0.2 104 3.6 13 13 393 0.2 343 11.9 TOTAL 6199 185976 100 2885 100

Table 3 Top 10 Gross Vehicle Weight, Class 9 and 10 Date Day of Week Time Vehicle Class Direction Lane GVW (lbs) 2017-04-04 Tuesday 16:29:04 10 EB 1 118.09 2017-04-26 Wednesday 10:31:03 10 EB 2 110.65 2017-04-05 Wednesday 08:38:59 10 EB 2 106.9 2017-04-26 Wednesday 12:52:35 10 EB 2 106.56 2017-04-26 Wednesday 12:50:39 10 EB 2 103.9 2017-04-20 Thursday 13:23:38 9 EB 2 103.5 2017-04-25 Tuesday 17:33:45 10 EB 2 102.92 2017-04-04 Tuesday 19:03:21 10 EB 2 102.72 2017-04-06 Thursday 16:34:58 10 EB 2 102.68 2017-04-10 Monday 08:17:48 10 EB 2 102.66

Table 4 Freight Summary Vehicle Class

Direction Weight of Empty Vehicle (Kips)

Total Number of Vehicles

Number of Empty Vehicles

Percentage of Empty Vehicles

Total Weight of Vehicles with Freight (Kips)

Total Weight of Empty Vehicles (Kips)

Total Weight of Freight (Tons)

4 EB 15 238 34 14.3 5751 441 1346 5 EB 8 1956 183 9.4 27584 1354 6700 6 EB 19 506 53 10.5 13703 950 2548 7 EB 11.5 17 0 0 878 0 341 8 EB 31 419 178 42.5 8988 4217 758 9 EB 33 12395 1136 9.2 700397 34507 164425 10 EB 33.5 487 30 6.2 32985 822 8838 11 EB 36.5 147 11 7.5 7811 330 1424 12 EB 36.5 186 3 1.6 13080 90 3200 13 EB 31.5 303 0 0 29744 0 10100 TOTAL **** **** 16654 1628 **** 840921 **** 199679 Vehicle Class

Direction Weight of Empty Vehicle (Kips)

Total Number of Vehicles

Number of Empty Vehicles

Percentage of Empty Vehicles

Total Weight of Vehicles with Freight (Kips)

Total Weight of Empty Vehicles (Kips)

Total Weight of Freight (Tons)

4 WB 15 190 35 18.4 4309 449 992 5 WB 8 1795 210 11.7 23493 1547 5406 6 WB 19 428 136 31.8 8753 2326 1602 7 WB 11.5 24 0 0 1237 0 480 8 WB 31 479 284 59.3 6834 7045 394 9 WB 33 10061 2595 25.8 427011 72678 90317 10 WB 33.5 368 44 12 22951 1168 6049 11 WB 36.5 134 3 2.2 7097 105 1158 12 WB 36.5 105 2 1.9 6438 58 1339 13 WB 31.5 75 0 0 6273 0 1955 TOTAL **** **** 13659 3309 **** 514395 **** 109693

GRAND TOTAL

**** **** 30313 4937 264 1355316 128086 309372

Table 5 Gross Vehicle Weight by Class and Lane Vehicle Class EB Driving

Lane EB Passing Lane

WB Passing Lane

WB Driving Lane

Total Percentage

1 21 4 1 13 40 0 2 161006 40263 37273 157167 395710 17.8 3 141271 26891 29356 140312 337830 15.2 4 5785 407 744 4014 10950 0.5 5 25860 3078 3274 21766 53978 2.4 6 13676 977 1030 10049 25732 1.2 7 731 147 168 1069 2115 0.1 8 12314 891 1660 12218 27082 1.2 9 690958 43946 47326 452364 1234594 55.7 10 31123 2684 3225 20895 57926 2.6 11 6801 1341 579 6623 15343 0.7 12 12171 999 650 5846 19665 0.9 13 26164 3580 96 6178 36017 1.6 TOTAL 1127881 125207 125381 838513 2216982 100 GVW/LANE 50.87 5.65 5.66 37.82 100 0

Table 6 ESALs by Class and Lane and Flexible ESAL Factors Vehicle Class EB Driving

Lane EB Passing Lane

WB Passing Lane

WB Driving Lane

Total Percentage Flexible ESAL Factor

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0333 2 18 7 4 20 50 0.19 0.0011 3 52 14 10 52 129 0.5 0.0049 4 88 7 10 45 150 0.58 0.7 5 304 37 27 202 570 2.22 0.31 6 198 18 10 110 337 1.31 0.72 7 14 6 2 14 36 0.14 1.65 8 120 15 13 90 239 0.93 0.54 9 13566 1476 794 5807 21644 84.23 1.93 10 652 91 55 295 1094 4.26 2.54 11 143 54 13 106 316 1.23 2.21 12 250 32 10 69 362 1.41 2.43 13 552 109 2 108 770 3 3.98 TOTAL 15960 1867 950 6920 25696 100 17 ESALS/LANE 62.1 7.3 3.7 26.9 100 -- --

Table 7 Site Summary: Volume and Vehicle Class Month Total

Volume Monthly ADT

Monthly HCADT

Passenger Vehicles

Passenger Vehicles %

Heavy Commercial Vehicles

Heavy Commercial Vehicles %

Heavy Commercial Vehicles in Driving Lane %

Heavy Commercial Vehicles in Passing Lane %

May 2016

189433 6111 1032 157453 83.1 31980.3 16.9 92.7 7.3

Jun 2016

202043 6735 1066 170071 84.2 31971.9 15.8 91.2 8.8

Jul 2016 210519 6791 912 182232 86.6 28287.4 13.4 92.1 7.9 Aug 2016

209149 6747 1074 175866 84.1 33283.1 15.9 92 8

Sep 2016

193557 6452 1123 159871 82.6 33686 17.4 92.8 7.2

Oct 2016

196559 6341 1073 163291 83.1 33267.8 16.9 92.3 7.7

Nov 2016

178335 5944 1038 147198 82.5 31137.1 17.5 92.2 7.8

Dec 2016

167915 5417 890 140333 83.6 27582 16.4 92.3 7.7

Jan 2017

148632 4795 858 122026 82.1 26606.5 17.9 91.7 8.3

Feb 2017

143554 5127 945 117104 81.6 26450.1 18.4 92.8 7.2

Mar 2017

176306 5687 1106 142009 80.5 34297.2 19.5 92.9 7.1

Apr 2017

185976 6199 1050 154489 83.1 31487.5 16.9 92.1 7.9

TOTAL 2201978

-- -- 1831943

-- 370037 -- -- --

AVERAGE

183498

6029 1014 152662 83 30836 17 92 8

ESALs Month ESALS EB

Passing Lane

ESALS EB Driving Lane

ESALS WB Driving Lane

ESALS WB Passing Lane

Total ESALS

Driving Lane ESALS %

Passing Lane ESALS %

Pavement Life Decrease Months

May 2016 11085 1373 1000 4917 18375 87 13 0.5 Jun 2016 11216 1503 1155 3236 17111 84 16 0.4 Jul 2016 10147 941 944 3050 15082 87 13 0.6 Aug 2016 11983 1524 1008 4948 19463 87 13 0.1 Sep 2016 12434 1341 968 8987 23729 90 10 0.9 Oct 2016 13124 1417 1014 9338 24893 90 10 0.7 Nov 2016 12500 1514 1233 8632 23880 88 12 0.9 Dec 2016 14945 1808 850 5946 23548 89 11 2.7 Jan 2017 15180 2164 962 9766 28073 89 11 5 Feb 2017 14827 1677 749 6145 23398 90 10 4.2 Mar 2017 17942 2033 1039 8696 29709 90 10 2.6 Apr 2017 15966 1867 950 6934 25717 89 11 2 TOTAL 161349 19162 11872 80595 272978 -- -- -- AVERAGE 13446 1597 989 6716 22748 88 12 2

Gross Vehicle Weight Month GVW EB Passing

Lane GVW EB Driving Lane

GVW WB Passing Lane

GVW WB Driving Lane

Total GVW Kips

May 2016 952349 97054 98942 752100 1900445 Jun 2016 939175 88302 90701 691534 1809712 Jul 2016 1151180 113013 119700 944222 2328116 Aug 2016 1128186 125217 125409 839245 2218058 Sep 2016 996713 117599 128442 822755 2065509 Oct 2016 1040687 132785 147272 714840 2035585 Nov 2016 998630 112895 140010 690282 1941818 Dec 2016 1082807 133364 144253 843549 2203973 Jan 2017 1055544 115551 131302 989267 2291665 Feb 2017 1069591 117758 139820 995226 2322394 Mar 2017 985050 110247 136039 930409 2161745 Apr 2017 1001366 103198 106083 752780 1963427 TOTAL 12401278 1366984 1507974 9966210 25242447 AVERAGE 1033440 113915 125665 830518 2103537

Overweight Vehicles Month Total Number of

Overweight Vehicles

Overweight / Total Volume

Overweight / Heavy Commercial Volume

Number Over 88,000 lbs

Number Over 98,000 lbs

May 2016 1036 0.6 3.3 286 61 Jun 2016 1112 0.6 3.6 221 48 Jul 2016 859 0.4 3.1 223 54 Aug 2016 1282 0.6 3.9 312 49 Sep 2016 1630 0.9 4.9 391 50 Oct 2016 2078 1.1 6.4 515 70 Nov 2016 2327 1.3 7.6 524 137 Dec 2016 3791 2.3 14.2 655 219 Jan 2017 5039 3.6 19.9 1031 242 Feb 2017 3317 2.4 13 724 219 Mar 2017 4057 2.4 12.1 728 196 Apr 2017 2888 1.6 9.5 641 129 TOTAL 29416 -- -- 6251 1474 AVERAGE 2451.3 1.5 8.5 520.9 122.8

Freight Month EB Freight Tons WB Freight

Tons Total Freight EB Freight % WB Freight %

May 2016 156346 94281 250626 62.4 37.6 Jun 2016 161065 70445 231510 69.6 30.4 Jul 2016 139880 63577 203457 68.8 31.2 Aug 2016 166937 91817 258754 64.5 35.5 Sep 2016 167344 131748 299092 56 44 Oct 2016 172286 136362 308648 55.8 44.2 Nov 2016 158539 133872 292411 54.2 45.8 Dec 2016 173850 87934 261784 66.4 33.6 Jan 2017 176290 115188 291479 60.5 39.5 Feb 2017 171783 91343 263126 65.3 34.7 Mar 2017 211493 133788 345281 61.3 38.7 Apr 2017 199679 109693 309372 64.5 35.5 TOTAL 2055494 1260047 3315541 -- -- AVERAGE 171291.2 105003.9 276295.1 62.4 37.6