Wind / PV / Diesel in Off-grid: Lessons learnedBest Practices

MAYO 2015

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Project: Galapagos Wind + Dieseldescription

3 x Gamesa’s Made AE59-

800kW

integrated to an existing

system

3 diesel gensets each aprx

600kW

2,4MW wind / 1.8 MW diesel

Commissioned october 2007

Scope for Gamesa: WTG installation, Diesel Integration , Grid/generation Control, Communications, Scada

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Project: Galapagos Wind + DieselachievementsVery low winds (ecuator)

penetration levels :

» annual 31%, monthly up to

60% , peak up to 80%

92% availability,22GWh in 7

years

small, remote wind farm

operated by Customer after

warranty period

Full wind power Restrictions on : • minimum loads for diesel (20%) and • Reactive power demand on the

system

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NEW EQUIPMENT: Scope Gamesa Offgrid

Existing SystemDiesel + Consumer

CONSUMER

eg. Mining/ Residential

Gen set (diesel)

SOLAR PV PANELS

Inverter PV

WIND

STATCOM / ULTRACAPS / FLYWHEEL

GRID INTEGRATION EQUIPMENT

OPTIONAL STORAGE

(eg Battery)

Inverter

BATTERY

CONTROL DE

MICRORED

Wind/PV/Diesel/ Battery

Grid Control is key to integrate Maximum amount of RenewableEnergy into the System

External equipment, Specified & purchased by Gamesa

Internal equipment Designed & Manufactured by Gamesa

SOLAR PV

GRID CONTROL

Inverter

System Components : Generic Offgrid Project

+ PV Forecast

+ Wind Forecast

Galapagos Project Scope of Supply

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Our lessons learned proposed best practice

Plant Design is Key for success – Do incremental

Steps

Involve technology supplier …Early

Start Measuring Wind …Early

Allow Curtailable Loads

Forecast (Wind+PV) is essential tool

Single contract . Ensure coordination, avoid

interfaces

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Plant design is key for successDo incremental Steps

Step1- Energy analysis (1h /10min data)

» Scenarios installed RE (Wind / PV) power –

penetration, energy curtailed,

» Obtain initial Cost of Electricity, &

dimensioning

Step2- Grid Stability – Dynamic Analysis

» Grid integration equipment (freq/volt

regulation)

» Validate whole system electrical model

» Events & faults simulation

- €

50 €

100 €

150 €

200 €

250 €

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

CoE

(EU

R/M

Wh)

Potencia Eolica Instalada, MW

CoE Sistema Eolico+Diesel, en funcion de MW eolicos instalados

CoE2 = diesel siempre encendidoCoE3 = operacion con parada diesel

CoE2

CoE3

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Involve technology supplier(s) …early

Often too stiff specifications

expensive to comply

» Example: overspecification in Project X,

requires full diesel storage battery backup (

in case of one windturbine shutdown) for

residential loads

» result: unnecesary high Cost Electricity

» final result: tender declared void

» 15 months and money wasted

CLIENT/OFFTAKER

CONSULTANTTECHNOLOGY SUPPLIER

Consultant and Technology Suppliers

iterations save $$$ and time

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Start measuring Wind …early

Satellite wind data

»good for patterns (day, season)

»but not enough for absolute

values

Wind measurements required

»Min 12 months - for seasonal

pattern bankabilityStart early, even at lower heights. Later it is possible correlation at exact sites and exact hub height

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Allow curtailable loads

Curtailable loads help increase penetration

of renewables, increase grid stability

desalination, ice making

Convert loads to non-critical

»E.g. curtailable residential at discounted elec

prices

curtailable loads/short term use for grid

balancingCurtailable loads have similar effect as storage, at much cheaper cost

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Forecast (Wind / PV) is essential tool

Real time FORECAST is essential at

OPERATION to minimize diesel genset

starts/stops

Week ahead distribution Error

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

day 1 day 2 day 3 day 4 day 5 day 6 day 7

PV forecast avoid

problems with cloud

passage

Wind forecast

higher average

variability but smaller

sudden power drops

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Single contractor Ensure coordination, avoid interfacesConstruction&Operation coordination of

several technologies: Diesel / Wind / PV /

Storage/Statcoms

Avoidance several contractors

fingerpointing on each contractor’s

interfases

Wind

Solar pv

Grid Controller

Diesel integrat

Grid Stability, Statcoms

Client / Offtaker

Best result if single EPC

Contractor is technology

supplier of several sub-systems

EPC Contractor / Technology

Supplier

EPC Engineering, Procurement, Construction

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Additionally, Technology Supplier

on:

Solar PV Inverters

Inverters for Grid Integration

Grid Controller & Diesel

Integration

EPC Contractor for Offgrid

GENERAL PRESENTATION

1 Gamesa value chain in Offgridtotal Value Chain in WIND, PLUS…

7 GW 31.9 GW 21.2 GW

WIND FARM DEVELOPMENT

WIND TURBINE MANUFACTURIN

G

WIND TURBINE SERVICES

10 GW

EPC

Wind / PV / Diesel in Off-grid: Lessons learnedBest Practices

Thank you