The Oceans
WindWind
The Earth is in a constant battle to equalize its temperatureIt
never succeeds, because our planet is hotter in some places than in
othersWind Patterns
Earths air is always on the moveCool air sinksWarm air
risesForms convection currents
Wind
Wind is the movement of air as a result of different air
pressureThe greater the pressure difference, the stronger the
windCaused by unequal heating of the Earth
Pressure Belts
Coriolis effect
Coriolis AnimationGlobal winds do not blow in straight linesThe
earth rotates as wind blows, making it seem as if the winds are
curvingCalled the Coriolis effect
Coriolis EffectWinds and the Coriolis EffectThe wind blows in a
curved path due to the rotation of the EarthNorthern Hemisphere -
winds curve to the rightSouthern Hemisphere - winds curve to the
leftCoriolis Effect
Kinds of Winds
Local winds- generally move short distances and can blow from
any direction
Global winds- are part of a pattern of air flow that moves
across the Earth9
Local WindsLand breezes and sea breezes occur because of the
differences in heat of the land and the waterThese differences
create a convection current10
Air Cools DownCold Air SinksWind Blows Toward CoastWarm Air
RisesWarm Air RisesCold Air SinksAir Cools DownWind Blows Away from
the CoastDuring the day, the land heats up more quickly than the
sea. Above the land, warm air rises and the wind blows toward the
coast.At night, the land cools down quickly while the sea stays
warm. Above the sea, warm air rises and the wind blows away from
the coast.Sea BreezeLand Breeze
During the Day
At Night
LH85o65oLH50o63oLocal Ocean EffectsSea Breeze happens during the
day when the land heats up more than the oceanLand Breeze happens
during the night when the land cools off more than the ocean
Global Wind Patterns
Winds carry heat north from Earths equatorWinds carry colder air
south toward the equatorGlobal WindsCoriolis and other factors
combine to produce a pattern of wind belts around the earth
Major wind belts:Trade windsWesterlies Easterlies
20Trade Winds
These winds that are blowing toward the equator are deflected
west because of the coriolis effect
Blow at 30* latitude to the equator. (early sailors used the
winds to sail from Europe to America)When cold air sinks, produces
high pressureHigh pressure wants to move to an area of low
pressure--the equator!!21Westerlies
Between 30* and 60* latitudeFlows towards the polesHelped ships
return to Europe.Turned toward the east by Coriolils effectBlow
from west to east--WESTERLIES
22Easterlies
Between the poles and 60* latitude.Cold air near poles sinks and
flows back toward lower latitudesCoriolis shifts these winds to
westWind goes from East to west--EASTERLIES
23
Columbus and Global Scale WindsColumbus was an expert sailor
with a extraordinary knowledge of the global winds. He did not
attempt to sail into the teeth of the westerly winds, but rather
turned south and used the Easterly Trade Winds to drive his ships
across the Ocean. On the return voyage, he headed north and then
used the westerlies to propel his ships back to Europe, stopping at
the Azores on the way for much needed repairs. Doldrums
Near equator, between 0-30 degrees latitudeRising air, low
pressureCool air moves into area, warmed rapidly, and risesWarms so
fast, air doesnt have an opportunity to move very far before it
rises again.Winds very weak near equator- DOLDRUMS
25DoldrumsAll in a hot and copper sky,The bloody Sun, at
noon,Right up above the mast did stand,No bigger than the Moon.
Day after day, day after day,We stuck, nor breath nor motion;As
idle as a painted shipUpon a painted ocean.- The Ancient
Mariner
26Horse Latitudes
Latitude and PrecipitationBetween about 30 to 35 north and 30 to
35 southWeak winds Forms a belt of calm airContributes to deserts
in this area27Prevailing Wind Patterns
29Global Wind Pattern
Global Wind Patterns29
Rainforests of the World
Most rainforests are near the equator because this is where the
air is rising, creating clouds and rain.Deserts of the World
Most deserts are at 30o N and S Latitude because the air is
sinking, drying it out.0 o Equator30 o S60 o S90 o S30 o N60 o N90
o N
MoreDirect Sun Hot
