Scripting 101–
Powershell
Published 2011
Clyde G. Johnson, MCSE,MCSA,MCITP, A+
Windows Boston
Powershell v2
Released August 2009
Part of Windows 7 and Server 2008 R2
Versions are available for download
XP, Server 2003, Vista and Server 2008
32 bit AND 64 bit
NOT enabled by default
Automate repetitive Tasks
Login Scripts
UserID Creation
Inventory Scripts
Mass file changes
Data Migrations
Types of Admin Scripts
WMI (inventory)
ADSI (Manipulating Active Directory)
File manipulation
Registry Manipulation
Remote vs. local
Software configuration and manipulation
Script basics
Modular code
Write it once – use it many times
Comments!
The next person to read your code might be you!!
Header
What the name should be.
Your name and the Date.
Attribution – whom you “borrowed” it from.
Sample
#Serial.ps1
# Gets the serial # of strserver
# Author: Clyde G. Johnson 3-5-2012
# http: somewhere on the web…
$strserver=“.”
Get-WmiObject -ComputerName $strserver -Class
Win32_BIOS | Select-Object SerialNumber
Disabled by default
Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned
Get-Help About_Signing
Powershell basics
Cmdlets
implement specific functions
Verb-noun
Pipelines
Output of one command is input to another
Modules
5 Key cmdlets
Get-Help
Get-Command
Get-Member
Get-Psdrive
Format-List
Piping
Connects one command to another
Pass output from command to command
Each command refines the output
Export to CSV, XML or HTML
Pipe to a file or a Printer
The Pipeline, Illustrated
11
Get-Mailbox
Sort
Size
-Descend
Select
-First
100
Move-Mailbox
Not the exact syntax –
but you get the idea!
Extending powershell with Modules
Get-Module –listavailable
Import-Module name
Get-Command –module name (You must import
the module before running this – why demo
failed)
Powershell
Variables
Functions
Branching (if-then-else)
Loops (while, do for and foreach)
Structured error/exception handling
Variables
Variables
Start with $
Will expand within quotes
Special Variables
$args (command line arguments to a function)
$_ (current object in the pipeline
Branch Statements
if (condition) {code block}
elseif (condition) {code block}
else {code block}
switch (expression)
{
(test) {code block}
value {code block}
default {code block}
}
Loops
do { code block } while (condition)
while (condition) { code block }
do { code block } until (condition)
for (init; condition; increment) { code block }
foreach ($var in $array) { code block }
break
continue
PowerShell scripting.
Command line and Scheduled task
Powershell.exe c:\dev\script.ps1
Debug
PowerShell Integrated Scripting Environment (ISE)
PowerShell Scriptomatic
Powershell (v3)
490 cmdlets / 55 Modules (4)
Print management
DHCP
Powershell (ISE) has also gotten an upgrade
Now has intellisense
Bracketing highlight
Powershell Workflows?
Powershell ISE v3 (beta server 8)
Demo Scriptomatic
Power Shell Scriptomatic
Password Sample
Creating a encrypted password
Read-Host -assecurestring | ConvertFrom-securestring |
out-file C:\dev\securestring.txt
Bits-Transfer
Import-Module BitsTransfer
$pass = cat "C:\dev\CopyBits\SecureTransfer.txt" | convertto-
securestring
$mycreds = New-object -typename
System.Management.Automation.PSCredential -argumentlist
“domainname/securetransfer",$pass
Start-BitsTransfer -Source \\10.30.0.224\c$\test\*.* -Destination
C:\Temp\ -transfertype Download -Credential $mycreds
Send an email
$mail = New-Object System.Net.Mail.MailMessage
$mail.From = New-Object
System.Net.Mail.MailAddress(“[email protected]”);
$mail.To.Add(“[email protected]”);
$mail.Subject = “bob’s breakfast”
$mail.Body =“ at one o’clock today”
$smtp = New-Object System.Net.Mail.SmtpClient(“10.30.0.22”);
$smtp.Send($mail);
Event Log Sample
#pulls all event id 901’s in the last hour,
$colItems=Get-Eventlog application -after (get-Date).addHours(-1)|
where {$_.EventId -eq 901}
if($colItems -eq $Null) {} else{
foreach ($item in $colItems){
“Do something”
}
}
Backup all your GPO’s sample
#get domain of local machine
$mydomain = get-ADDomain -current LocalComputer
#pull all the GPO’s in the domain.
$AllGPOs = get-gpo -domain $mydomain.DNSRoot –all
# loop thru them
Foreach ($GPO in $ModGPOs) {
# Backup the GPO to the specified path
$GPOBackup = backup-GPO $GPO.DisplayName -path "C:\GPOBackup“
}
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-
us/library/ee692944.aspx
http://blogs.msdn.com/powershell
http://thepowershellguy.com
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-
us/scriptcenter/dd742419.aspx
http://morelunches.com/recommended/classroom-kit-
for-trainers/
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee692944.aspx
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee692944.aspx
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee692944.aspx
http://blogs.msdn.com/powershell
http://thepowershellguy.com/
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/scriptcenter/dd742419.aspx
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/scriptcenter/dd742419.aspx
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/scriptcenter/dd742419.aspx
http://morelunches.com/recommended/classroom-kit-for-trainers/
http://morelunches.com/recommended/classroom-kit-for-trainers/
http://morelunches.com/recommended/classroom-kit-for-trainers/
http://morelunches.com/recommended/classroom-kit-for-trainers/
http://morelunches.com/recommended/classroom-kit-for-trainers/
http://morelunches.com/recommended/classroom-kit-for-trainers/
http://morelunches.com/recommended/classroom-kit-for-trainers/
http://morelunches.com/recommended/classroom-kit-for-trainers/
http://morelunches.com/recommended/classroom-kit-for-trainers/
Provided Variables (part 1)
Name Description
$_
The current pipeline object; used in script blocks, filters, the process clause
of functions, where-object, foreach-object and switch
$^ contains the first token of the last line input into the shell
$$ contains the last token of last line input into the shell
$? Contains the success/fail status of the last statement
$Args Used in creating functions that require parameters
$Error If an error occurred, the object is saved in the $error PowerShell variable
$foreach Refers to the enumerator in a foreach loop.
$HOME The user's home directory; set to %HOMEDRIVE%\%HOMEPATH%
$Host Information about the currently executing host
$Input Input piped to a function or code block
Provided Variables (part 2)
Name Description
$LastExitCode The exit code of the last native application to run
$Match A hash table consisting of items found by the –match operator.
$MyInvocation Information about the currently script or command-line
$true Boolean TRUE
$false Boolean FALSE
$null A null object
$OFS
Output Field Separator, used when converting an array to a string.
By default, this is set to the space character.
$profile Path to a script file that will execute each time PS is opened.
$ShellID
The identifier for the shell. This value is used by the shell to
determine the ExecutionPolicy and what profiles are run at startup.
$StackTrace contains detailed stack trace information about the last error
Files
Get with Get-Item or Get-ChildItem
Call methods on files:
(Get-item books.txt).isReadOnly = $true
(gi books.txt).set_isReadOnly($true)
Cr
