Winning the War

Total War

• Conscription

• Propaganda

• Production

Conscription

• Draftees by Nation– Germany – 3.4 million– Russia – 15 million– United States – 2.8 million (75% of forces)

Propaganda

Propaganda

Production

• Shell Crisis of 1915– Failed offensive blamed on lack of artillery

shells– Resulted in Munitions of War Act 1915

• Factories brought under control of govt.• Dictated wages, hours, and working conditions• Barred people from quitting

Women on the Homefront

Revolution in Russia

• Russian Losses in the War

• October 1916– 1,800,000 dead– 2,000,000 prisoners of war– 1,000,000 missing– total = 5,000,000 men

Russian Economy

• Food Shortages

• Rising Prices

• Increase in Strikes

• Increase in Crime

• Long Lines, 40 hrs/wk in the city

• Stores Closing

• Increase in Prostitution, etc.

February Revolution, 1917

• People in food lines started a demonstration>

• Women poured out of factories demanding bread>

• Women stopped at factories to get more supporters>

• Soldiers ordered to stop demonstrations>• Soldiers join in revolt>• Tsar abdicates

Provisional Government

• Continues the war

• Led by Alexander Kerensky

German Secret Weapon

• Lenin and 30 other revolutionaries return to Russia in April

• Trip received German logistical and financial support

• By October Lenin is leading second revolution

Bolshevik Revolution

• Bolsheviks (Lenin) Seize power

• Opposition Mensheviks would like to work for slow change

• Sign Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany in March 1918

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Concessions

Russian Civil War

• 1918-1922• Red Army v. White Army• Red Army controls the center• White Army included royalists,

Mensheviks, democrats, minority populations, and the Allies

• Red Army wins mainly because of center concentration of forces/everyone else divided along periphery

Allies Win the War

• 3/18 Begins German Final Push – Wanted to get the upper hand before fresh American troops arrived, pushed 40 miles into France

• 5/18 Germans Reach Marne River Valley – German army and economy exhausted, fresh Americans arriving

• 7/18 Second Battle of the Marne – Allied victory, Germans pushed back into Belgium

Allies Win the War

• Allies begin Advancing toward Germany

• Bulgarians & Ottomans Surrender

• Austria-Hungary suffers internal revolution

• Kaiser Wilhelm I steps down & Germany becomes a Republic

• 11/11/18 11:00am Armistice Signed

Armistice Signed in Rail Car

Crazy Connection

• Hitler Uses Same Train Car to Accept French Surrender in WWII

• Video Link