1

LTE Advanced—Evolving and expanding in to new frontiers

March 2014

2

LTE Advanced: Evolving & expanding into new frontiers

1

Enables hyper-dense HetNets; Further gains with enhanced receivers

2

Brings carrier aggregation and its evolution – led by Qualcomm 3

Expands LTE in to new frontiers – device-to-device, Broadcast TV, higher bands & more

4

Extends benefits of LTE to unlicensed spectrum

1000x mobile data challenge enabler

3

LTE Advanced brings different dimensions of improvements

Leverage wider bandwidth Carrier aggregation across multiple carriers, multiple bands, and across licensed and unlicensed spectrum

Higher data rates (bps)

Leverage more antennas

Downlink MIMO up to 8x8, enhanced Multi User MIMO and uplink MIMO up to 4x4

Higher spectral efficiency (bps/Hz)

MIMO

Leverage HetNets With advanced interference management (FeICIC/IC)

Higher spectral efficiency per coverage area (bps/Hz/km2)

Small Cell Range Expansion

F1

Up to

100 MHz

Carrier aggregation

LTE Carrier #1

LTE Carrier #2

LTE Carrier #3

LTE Carrier #4

LTE Carrier #5

4

Carrier Aggregation rapidly expanding and evolving—led

by Qualcomm

Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies Inc.

5

Carrier Aggregation—fatter pipe to enhance user experience

1The typical bursty nature of usage, such as web browsing, means that aggregated carriers can support more users at the same response (user experience) compared to two individual carriers, given that the for carriers are partially loaded which is typical

in real networks. The gain depends on the load and can exceed 100% for fewer users (less loaded carrier) but less for many users. For completely loaded carrier, there is limited capacity gain between individal carriers and aggregated carriers,

Higher peak data rates Higher user data rates and lower latencies for all users

More capacity for typical

‘bursty’ usage1

Leverages all spectrum assets

Up to

100 MHz

Aggregated

Data Pipe

LTE Carrier #1

LTE Carrier #2

LTE Carrier #3

LTE Carrier #4

LTE Carrier #5

Up to 20 MHz

Up to 20 MHz

Up to 20 MHz

Up to 20 MHz

Up to 20 MHz

6

Load (Mbps)

Us

er

ex

pe

rie

nc

e

Carrier aggregation increases capacity for typical network load

1Carrier aggregation doubles burst rate for all users in the cell, which reduces over-the-air latency ~50%, but if the user experience is kept the same (same burst rate), multicarrier can instead support more users for partially loaded carriers. The gain depends on the load and can exceed 100% for fewer users

(less loaded carrier) but less for many users (starting to resemble full buffer with limited gain). Source: Qualcomm simulations, 3GPP simulation framework, FTP traffic model with 1MB file size, 57 macro cells wrap-around, 500m ISD (D1), 2x2 MIMO, TU3, NLOS, 15 degree downtilt 2GHz spectrum.,

Carrier aggregation capacity gain

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 3 6 9 12 15

2 10MHz Single Carriers

10MHz + 10MHz Carrier Aggregation

Partially loaded carriers

Burst Rate (normalized)

6 12 18 24 30

Capacity gain can exceed 2x (for same user experience)1

Typical bursty

smartphone applications

Data bursts

Idle time

7

Carrier aggregation gaining momentum – Led by Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

9x25 LTE Advanced

(Cat4)

8974 LTE Advanced

World’s 1st LTE Advanced carrier aggregation

(Launched Jun 2013)

150 Mbps peak data rate (cat 4)

10 + 10 MHz in downlink

QTI’s 3rd generation Qualcomm® Gobi ™ LTE modem

HSPA+ 3 carriers DL & 2 carrier UL aggregation

LTE Advanced Cat 6 (300 Mbps)

(Announced Nov 2013)

300 Mbps peak data rate (cat 6)

20 + 20 MHz in downlink

QTI’s 4th generation Qualcomm® Gobi ™ LTE modem

HSPA+ 3 carriers DL & 2 carrier UL aggregation

Qualcomm Snapdragon and Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

9x35 LTE Advanced

(Cat6)

8

Taking carrier aggregation global - 4Th Gen Gobi LTE New Gobi modem paired with new RF solution

Supports next gen LTE Advanced wideband CA

4th generation LTE transceiver

1st 28nm RF

~3x* more CA band combinations

One chip, all carrier aggregation combinations

40 MHz Support in downlink (20 MHz+ 20MHz)

300 Mbps Peak data rate (LTE Cat6)

FDD/TDD Support

1st 20nm modem

HSPA+ 3 carrier downlink & 2 carrier uplink aggregation

Common platform for LTE Advanced & HSPA+ carrier

aggregation

4th Generation LTE modem

Note: *Compared to previous generation QCT solutions; Qualcomm Gobi is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. ; Qualcomm WTR 3925 is a product of Qualcomm Atheros, Inc.

9

Global demand for LTE Carrier Aggregation QTI chipsets designed to support all CA band combinations currently in deployment or in planning

~50 band combinations being defined by 3GPP

B4 + B17

B4 + B13

B4 + B12

B5 + B12

B2 + B17

B4 + B5

B5 + B17

B4 + B7

B2 + B5

B2 + B29

B4 + B29

B2 + B4

B2 + B13

B23 + B29

B2 + B12

Contiguous B41

Non Contiguous 41

Non Contiguous B4

Non Contiguous B25

B3 + B7

B3 + B20

B7 + B20

B8 + B20

B39 + B41

B1 + B7

Contiguous B38

Contiguous B7

Contiguous B3

Contiguous 40

Non Contiguous 41

Contiguous B39

B11 + B18

B3 + B28

B1 + B8

B1 + B18

B1 + B19

B1 + B21

B1 + B26

B3 + B19

B19 + B21

Contiguous B1

B3 + B8

B1 + B5

B3 + B5

B3 + B26

B8 + B26

Non Contiguous B3

Contiguous B41

Non Contiguous B7 B3 + B8

B3 + B28

RFFE

+

Modem

Requirements: 700-2700 MHz

Inter-Band CA

Intra-Band CA

Wider Bandwidth

TDD CA

FDD CA

Japan

South Korea

Australia

China

Europe

South America

North America

Source: 3GPP, the combinations in blue are completed as of September 2013, remaining represent work items in progress; 3GPP continually defines band combinations

10

Advanced multiple antenna techniques for more capacity

11

More antennas—large gain from receive diversity

Diversity,

MIMO

4 Way Receive

Diversity (+ 2 x 2 MIMO)

Note: LTE Advanced R10 and beyond adds up to 8x8 Downlink MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), enhanced Multi User MIMO and uplink MIMO up to 4x4. Simulations: 3GPP framework, 21 macro cells wrap-around, 500m ISD (D1), 10MHz FDD,

carrier freq 2GHz, 25 UEs per cell, TU 3km/h, full-buffer traffic, no imbalance or correlation among antennas. 2x4 MIMO used for receive diversity gain of 1.7x compared to 2x2 MIMO, similarly 2x3 diversity provides a 1.3x gain over 2x2 MIMO

MAINSTREAM

COMMERCIAL

LARGE GAIN,

NO STANDARDS OR

NETWORK IMPACT

Device

1.7x

1x 2 x 2 MIMO

Relative spectral efficiency NodeB

1.8x 4x4 MIMO

Downlink

12

Coordinated beamforming

Leverage fiber backhaul installations Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) for more capacity and better user experience

Remote Radio Head (RRH) Macro

Remote Radio

Head (RRH)

Note: CoMP enabled by TM10 transmission modes in the device and network. Picture focuses on downlink CoMP techniques, CoMP can also apply to the uplink

Central processing/scheduling

(requires low latency fiber)

Same or different cell identity across macro and RRH

Coordinated scheduling

13

It’s not just about adding small cells — LTE Advanced brings even more capacity and enables hyper-dense HetNets1

Higher capacity, network load balancing,

enhanced user experience, user fairness

1By applying advanced interference management to HetNets. 2Median downlink data rate. Assumptions: 4 Picos added per macro and 33% of users dropped in clusters closer to picos (hotspots) : 10 MHz FDD, 2x2 MIMO, 25 users and 500m ISD. Advanced interference management: enhanced time-

domain adaptive resource partitioning, advanced receiver devices with enhanced RRM and RLM1Similar gain for the uplink

Macro+ 4 Picos

Macro Only

Data rate improvement2

2.8X

Macro+ 4 Picos

1.4X

1X

LT

E R

8 LT

E R

8

LT

E A

dv

an

ce

d

wit

h R

an

ge

Ex

pa

nsio

n

Small Cell Range Expansion (FeICIC/IC)

14

Capacity scales with small cells deployed - thanks to advanced interference management (FeICIC/IC)

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

Capacity scales with small cells added1 LTE Advanced with 2x Spectrum added

+4 Small

Cells

~6X

+16 Small

Cells

~21X

+32 Small

Cells

~37X

~11X

+8 Small

Cells

1 Assumptions: Pico type of small cell, 10MHz@2GHz + 10MHz@3.6GHz,D1 scenario macro 500m ISD, uniform user distribution scenario. Gain is median throughput improvement, from baseline with macro only on 10MHz@2GH, part of gain is addition of 10MHz

spectrum. Users uniformly distributed—a hotspot scenario could provide higher gains. Macro and outdoor small cells sharing spectrum (co-channel)

15

LTE Advanced - Evolving and expanding into new frontiers

Further

improving LTE

Advanced

New

Frontiers

Further

Enhanced HetNets

LTE Advanced in

unlicensed spectrum

LTE Broadcast

going beyond mobile

LTE Direct for

device to device

~3.5 GHz

/ ASA

Higher bands & new licensing models

(Authorized Shared Access)

Evolving carrier aggregation

Enhanced

Receivers for superior

performance

700MHz to 3.8GHz

More advanced antenna features and 256 QAM

Higher capacity for Machine-to-machine and

Smartphone signaling

Aggregated Data Pipe

Device

Interference cancellation

Rel. 12 & beyond

16

Carrier aggregation evolution, Enhanced Hetnets

17

FDD/TDD Aggregation (Supported in Rel. 12)

Paired Unpaired

Across licensed/ unlicensed (Specific band combinations to be defined)

Traditional Licensed

ASA/LSA Licensed

Unlicensed (LTE)

Anchor

Across cells (Multiflow)

(Supported in Rel. 12)

3GPP continually defines

band combinations

LTE Advanced carrier aggregation continues to evolve Leveraging all spectrum assets

Aggregated Data Pipe

18

MultiFlow – Dual-cell connectivity across small cells and across macros and small cells

Macro

Macro “Anchor” Small cell “Booster”

Improved offload

to small cells

Higher cell-edge

data rates

Robust

mobility

19

Further enhancing HetNets performance

RESIDENTIAL

ENTERPRISE

METRO

4G Relays & Wireless Backhaul

1 Such as relay and Pico/Metro/RRH small cells for hotspots. RRH= Remote Radio Heads, in addition Distributed Antenna Systems are used in HetNets

Enhanced device

receiver Data channel interference

cancellation for even more gain

Multiflow—Improve

offload to small cells Dual-cell connectivity

across cells

LTE in unlicensed

spectrum Better utilize 5GHz spectrum with

unified LTE network & small cells

LTE/Wi-Fi tight

interworking Converged small cells

with LTE & Wi-Fi

User deployed 3G/4G Typically indoor small cells

Operator deployed 3G/4G Indoor/outdoor small cells1

20

Enhanced receivers for superior LTE Advanced performance

21

Higher users data rate increases

overall network capacity

Enhanced receivers offer better user experience & more capacity

Interference

Cancellation

Rel. 10/11 Re. 12

Sync ref. signal

Common ref. signal

Primary broadcast

channel

Data channel

Even more beneficial in managing

interference in small cell deployments

Higher network capacity Better user experience

Higher data rates especially at

cell-edges

Enhanced performance

for HetNets

Interference Cancellation

22

Enhanced receivers further improve HetNet performance Live demonstration at MWC 2014, utilizing our LTE Advanced test network in San Diego

Higher network capacity

Increased cell-edge data rates

Th

rou

gh

ou

t

Rel. 10/11 Receiver

Enhanced Receiver

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Th

rou

gh

ou

t

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Rel. 10/11 Receiver

Enhanced Receiver

Macro 1

Pico 2

Pico 3

Pico 4

Pico 5

23

Extending the benefits of LTE Advanced to unlicensed spectrum

24

Carrier aggregation

Extending the benefits of LTE Advanced to unlicensed spectrum

Features to protect Wi-Fi neighbors

Longer range and increased capacity Thanks to LTE Advanced anchor in licensed spectrum with robust mobility

Common LTE network with common authentication, security and management.

Coexists with Wi-Fi Unified LTE Network

Better network performance Enhanced user experience

Ideal for small cells

LTE in Licensed spectrum

LTE in Unlicensed spectrum

5 GHz

700MHz to 3.8GHz

25

Leverages existing LTE standards, ecosystem and scale LTE transmitted according to unlicensed spectrum regulations, such as power levels

LTE in unlicensed

spectrum everywhere

LTE Advanced 3GPP R10

Targets 5 GHz unlicensed bands

Wi-Fi and LTE co-existence features2

Extend deployment to regions with

‘Listen Before Talk’ (LBT) regulations

Optimized waveform enabling LBT, carrier

discovery and expanded uplink coverage

Candidate for 3GPP R13 standard

2 3 LTE in unlicensed spectrum

for USA, Korea and China 1

Large scale, global

LTE deployments

268+ network launches

in 100+ countries1

LTE Advanced 3GPP R10

launched June 2013

1Per GSA as of as of Feb 5th 2014. 2 With Carrier Sensing and Adaptive Transmission (CSAT) in the time domain.

R10 Common core network with common mobility, security,

authentication and more.

Unified network for licensed and unlicensed spectrum

Ideal for small cells

Converged 3G/4G small cells with LTE for licensed and unlicensed

spectrum as well as Wi-Fi

26

Making LTE broadcast dynamic and extending to terrestrial TV

27

LTE broadcast is commercial – Powered by Snapdragon

1st World’s 1st LTE

Broadcast solution

-

Gobi LTE Modem

integrated into

Snapdragon 800

800 LTE Advanced

Qualcomm Snapdragon and Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. Source: http://www.totaltele.com/view.aspx?ID=485128

KT Corp launches world’s first commercial LTE

Broadcast service By Nick Wood, Total Telecom

Monday 27, January 2014

South Korean operator to use eMBMS technology to deliver mobile

TV service to Samsung Galaxy Note 3 smartphones.

KT Corp on Monday launched the world’s first commercial LTE Broadcast service,

delivering mobile TV content to Samsung Galaxy Note 3 users.

Called ‘Olleh LTE Play’, the service is based on eMBMs (evolved multimedia broadcast

multicast services) solutions developed in …

28

Network capacity/throughput

1.7X

3X

7X Unicast

LTE Broadcast

1 user/ cell 2 users/cell 5 users /cell

X X X

LTE broadcast – Higher capacity even with fewer users Leveraging LTE infrastructure and spectrum

Source: Qualcomm Research; Simulation assumptions - 2GHz carrier frequency, 5MHz spectrum, 500m site-to-site distance, cluster eMBMS with 19 sites MBSFN deployment (100% of carrier usage), comparison with unicast (based on average throughput) is based

on the same amount of resource allocation.

.

29

Dynamic switching to broadcast offers even more flexibility

Dynamically switch between unicast and broadcast

(based on operator configured triggers)

Users accessing same content on unicast

Users moved to broadcast

Event or demand driven Pre-scheduled (e.g. at stadium only

during games)

Based on demand (e.g. breaking news)

Seamless transition Make-before–break connection

Fully transparent to user

Part of Rel. 121

1This feature is called Mood (Multicast operation on Demand) in Rel 12

30

Terrestrial TV service using LTE Broadcast Enabling broadcasters to reach mobile devices

- Using LTE sites/infrastructure

LTE Broadcast Single Frequency Network

(SFN) for the whole coverage area

Broadcast TV LTE (Unicast)

LTE Broadcast on a dedicated

spectrum

Devices in

“Stand-alone” or “Assisted” mode

Stand-alone

Mode Assisted

Mode Enhanced user experience

in the “Assisted Mode”

(e.g. On-demand content,

interactivity )

~2x Higher capacity than today’s broadcast (DVB-T/ATSC) - Opportunity to free-up spectrum for mobile broadband

Current broadcast technology operates in Multi Frequency Network (MFN) mode with a frequency reuse of at least 4 with a spectrum efficiency of up to 4 bps/Hz inside each cell. This corresponds to an overall spectrum efficiency of approx. 1bps/Hz. Whereas LTE-B

operates in SFN over the entire coverage area with a spectrum efficiency of up to 2bps/Hz.

31

LTE Direct – Operator-owned global platform for continuous proximity

awareness

32

Designed for autonomous “Always-ON” discovery Licensed spectrum utilized for continuous proximity awareness

Privacy sensitive Device based, connectionless discovery

– without location tracking

Discover 1000s of services in

milliseconds

LTE LTE

DISCOVERY

20s

64ms

Source: Qualcomm simulations; Assumes 10MHz system

Up to 500m range

Negligible LTE capacity impact

<1% of uplink resources for thousands of services

33

Operator platform that enables new mobile services Mobile Proximity and Discovery services at scale

Operator owned LTE Direct platform Managed, owned, monetized by mobile operator

Common discovery network Enables discovery horizontally across apps, OS, operators

Part of 3GPP Release 12 standard

Expected to be in every Rel 12 device

34

Utilizing higher bands & new licensing models (Authorized Shared Access)

35

ASA leverages underutilized spectrum for exclusive use

1No device impact due to ASA, just a regular 3G/4G device supporting global harmonized bands targeted for ASA. Carrier aggregation would be beneficial to aggregate new ASA spectrum with existing spectrum, but is not required.

Incumbent

user

Regular

Multi-band

Device1

3G/4G Small Cells

Incumbents (i.e., government) may not use spectrum at all times and locations

Exclusive Use

Binary use – either incumbent or rights holder with protection zones

Protects spectrum incumbents

Small cells can be closer to incumbent than macros

Used in both macros and small cells

Allows incumbents to monetize unused spectrum

Incentive-based cooperation model

3G/4G Macro Base

Station

36

Defined by CEPT in report published in Feb ’142 for harmonizing 2.3 GHz3

Proposed by FCC

To make 3.5GHz4 band dedicated to licensed shared access for mobile broadband

Endorsed by 28 EU member states Nov ’13

Evaluation by NTIA

Endorsed by 28 EU member states Nov ’13

Specified by ETSI Currently working on requirements

Demonstrated by many infra/device vendors; 2.3 GHz and 3.5 GHz demos at MWC Feb ‘14

Trialed Live in Finland in Sep’13

ASA/LSA1 – Implementation underway in Europe and USA

STANDARDS PROOF OF CONCEPT

OPERATOR INTEREST

REGULATORY POLICY

1 ASA has been named LSA (Licensed Shared Access) in the EU by the Radio Spectrum Policy Group; 23ECC Report 205; 33Draft ECC decision on “harmonized technical and regulatory conditions for the use of the band 2300-2400

MHz for MFCN;” 3GPP Band 40, 2.3-2.4 GHz; 4 Target 3.5 GHz in the US is 3550-3650 MHz

37 More Small Cells is Key to 1000x

LTE Advanced - 1000x data challenge enabler

Hetnets with FeICIC/IC

Full interference management

New deployment models, e.g.

neighborhood small cells

Carrier Aggregation (TDD and FDD)

Authorized Shared Access (ASA)

Higher spectrum bands (esp. TDD)

Continue to evolve LTE:

-- Multiflow, Hetnets enhancements

-- Opportunistic HetNets

LTE in unlicensed spectrum

LTE Broadcast and LTE Direct

38

Qualcomm LTE advanced leadership

MDM 9x35 LTE Advanced

800 LTE Advanced

Standards Leadership

A main contributor to key LTE Advanced features

Instrumental in driving interference cancellation and other Hetnets features

Pioneering work on LTE Direct and LTE in unlicensed spectrum

Industry-first Demos

MWC 2012: Live Over-The-Air HetNet Demo with Mobility

MWC 2013: Live OTA opportunistic HetNet Demo with VoIP Mobility. Authorized Shared Access (ASA) demo

MWC 2014: Enhanced HetNets with data- channel interference cancellation

Industry-first Chipsets from QTI

World’s 1st LTE Advanced solution (Jun ’13)

First with LTE Broadcast (Jan ‘14)

LTE Advanced cat 6 (300 Mbps) solution announced in Nov. ‘13

300Mpbs (Cat 6) solution

Qualcomm Snapdragon and Qualcomm Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

World’s 1st LTE Advanced solution

New graphics/screen captures from latest demo

39

LTE Advanced: Evolving & expanding into new frontiers

1

Enables hyper-dense HetNets; Further gains with enhanced receivers

2

Brings carrier aggregation and its evolution – led by Qualcomm 3

Expands LTE in to new frontiers – device-to-device, Broadcast TV, higher bands & more

4

Extends benefits of LTE to unlicensed spectrum

1000x mobile data challenge enabler

40

@Qualcomm_tech

http://www.qualcomm.com/blog/contributors/prakash-sangam

http://www.slideshare.net/qualcommwirelessevolution

http://storify.com/qualcomm_tech

http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8AD95E4F585237C1&feature=plcp

www.qualcomm.com/technology

Questions? - Connect with Us

BLOG

41

For more information on Qualcomm, visit us at:

www.qualcomm.com & www.qualcomm.com/blog

© 2013 QUALCOMM Incorporated and/or its subsidiaries. All Rights Reserved.

Qualcomm is a trademark of Qualcomm Incorporated, registered in the United States and other countries.

Other products and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.

References in this presentation to “Qualcomm” may mean Qualcomm Incorporated, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., and/or other subsi diaries or business

units within the Qualcomm corporate structure, as applicable.

Qualcomm Incorporated includes Qualcomm’s licensing business, QTL, and the vast majority of its patent portfolio. Qualcomm Te chnologies, Inc., a

wholly-owned subsidiary of Qualcomm Incorporated, operates, along with its subsidiaries, substantially all of Qualcomm’s enginee ring, research and

development functions, and substantially all of its product and services businesses, including its semiconductor business, QCT.

Thank you Follow us on:

42

A strong LTE evolution path

Note: Estimated commercial dates.

LTE LTE Advanced DL: 73 – 150 Mbps1

UL: 36 – 75 Mbps1

(10 MHz – 20 MHz)

DL: 3 Gbps2

UL: 1.5 Gbps2

( Up to 100 MHz)

Commercial

2014 2013 2015 2016+

Rel-12 & Beyond Rel-10 Rel-9 Rel-8 Rel-11

FDD and TDD

support

Carrier Aggregation, relays,

HetNets (eICIC/IC), Adv MIMO

LTE Direct, Hetnets enhancements,

Multiflow, WiFi interworking,

Realizes full benefits of

HetNets (FeICIC/IC)

Enhanced voice fallback (CSFB),

VoLTE, LTE Broadcast (eMBMS)

1Peak rates for 10 MHz or 20 MHz FDD using 2x2 MIMO, standard supports 4x4 MIMO enabling peak rates of 300 Mbps. 2Peak data rate can exceed 1 Gbps using 4x4 MIMO and at least 80 MHz of spectrum (carrier aggregation), or 3GBps with 8x8

MIMO and 100MHz of spectrum. Similarly, the uplink can reach 1.5Gbps with 4x4 MIMO.

Created 2/13/2014