WK3 Agenda

• WK2 Issues

• Think Art, What’s this?, What’s its story?

• Where am I?

• Homework (late work -2/wk)

• Who am I? Exercise

• Lecture Ancient India and China Civilization

• Homework

• “Little Buddha?” Video

Ancient World Map• What do you know so far?

• Global Perspective? Apples and oranges

Think Art

Where am I?

• Country?

• Khyber pass?

• Harappa?

• Mohenjo-daro?

• Lothal?

Ancient Indian CivilizationTime Politic, Economic,

SocietyKnowledge,Philosophy, ReligionTechnology

Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture

Literature, Drama

3500 BCE Started agriculture

2500-1800 BCEIndus

Two-class structure: aristocracy and commoners; Agricultural base, had barn for agricultural productivity tax,Trading Society (@Lothal): with Mesopotamia: cotton, spice, pottery, and silkMajor cities: Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro

Mixed technology of stone and bronze, Brick wall city, Sophisticated water and sewage system, Public bath room, Engineering and mathematics, Writing system (not yet deciphered)

Lady Sculpture:Dancer, Mother Goddess, Post and lintel but developed to have gable roof, Priest King, Public Great Bath

1500-1000 BCEAryanVedic period ยคพระเวท

Tribal kingdoms or chiefdoms (raja, senate, society)Aryan culture: Agrarian society

Sanskrit language, Polytheistic Hinduism: (Brahma: God of creation, Vishnu: God of protection & maintenance, Siva: God of destruction)

Vedas

1000-500 BCEEpic periodยคมหากาพย:

Independent States in Ganges River ,

Caste system: Priest, Noble/Worrior, Tradesperson, Servant, Jantal(untouchable)Monarchy

Upanishad: Monotheism of Brahman(existence, pure consciousness, and bliss) The absolute ปรพรหม and highest god อปรพรหม 563-483 BCE: Siddhartha Gautama, the

Buddha, Buddhism: Three marks of existence (impermanence, suffering, non-self ) ,The four noble truths, The eight fold path

540-468 BCE: Vardhamana Mahavira; Janism

Mahabharata EpicRamayana Epic

(written form around 400 BCE)

321-220 BCEEmpire periodสมยจกรวรรด(Mauryan, Kushandynasty)

327 BCE Alexander of Macedon entered India321 BCE Unification under ChandraguptaMaurya dynasty capital at:Pattana268-232 BCE Asoka (grandchild of Chandragupta) spread of BuddhismKanisaka King spread Mahayana and also traded with Greek and Rome (silk & spices for gold coin & wine)

Build Road from NW to Pattana 1150 milesCensus, military base

Sanchi Stupa, Asoka Pillar, Gandhara art

Buddhist scripture, Menander’s problems

320-535 Gupta period Gupta Empire

Hindu became popular again, Universities: Nalanda, Uchenee, Paranasri

Ajanta Caves Classical Age of IndiaKalidasa:Sakuntala

Ancient Chinese CivilizationTime Politic, Economic,

SocietyKnowledge,Philosophy, ReligionTechnology

Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture

Literature, Drama

5000 BCE Started agriculture along the Yellow River, Tribes and villages ,4000 BCE Rice, 2700 BCE Silk

1766-1027BCEShang dynastyBarbarian invaded

Capital City: Anyang, Honan ProvinceKing as a leader in: Government, Defense, and Religion ,Aristocracy, craftsman, farmers

Bronze Age Culture, Worship Gods of Sky, River, Wind, Ancestor1400 BCE Oracle Bone, pictographs on tortoise, ideographs, Ancestor worship

Rural: Pit dwelling, City:Wooden pole with gable roof or thatched roofs

1027-721 BCEZhou I or Western Zhou Dynasty

800 Years! Feudal: King is Son of Heaven, Mandate of Heaven, Capital City: Xian, Wei River

Yang-Shao and Lung Shan influence

722-481BCEZhou II, Middle or Eastern Zhou, Spring and Autumn Period

403-221 BCEZhou III Warring State Period

Capital City: Loyang, Declined by internal problems 551 BCE Confucius: 5 Books (Change, History, Poetry, Rites, Spring and Autumn Annals

Renovate streets, international trade, chariot, bow and arrow, handcrafts, natural fertilizer, irrigation system, ironplough Laotzu: Daoism, against education

Analects, Mencius, The GreatLearning, Doctrine of the Mean, Traditional Dance

221-207 BCEQin dynasty

Qin Shi Huangdi 1st Emperor: Centralization Legalism: Strict law and punishment New Capital City: Xianyang

One (official language, monetary system, shaft of plough), Burnt Confucius books except medical, agricultural, and astrology books), Built streets and canals to connect with the capital city

Great Wall of China (Mongolia to NE Coast 1400miles), Palace, Royal Tomb Terracotta

202 BCE-221 A.D.Han dynasty

Liu Bang or Kao Su King: Capital City: Chang-an Peak at Wu Di the Knight Emperor: expanded the empire to N Korea, Vietnam, Pax Sinica Pride: Sons of Han, The Gentry, Department: IRS, Defense, Infrastructure, Government Officials, Silk Road from China to Central Asia, Persia, Mediterranean, and India, Yellow Turbans

Ability Test, Buddhist Expansion, Paper, Astrology and Mathematics: Eclipse of the sun, end of the sun, and earthquake calculation, clock, compass, printing, gunpowder , Chieng-kuo The Middle Kingdom, Belief in 5 elements

Greek Influence from India, Imperial Academy, Ma Wang Tui :T

Ssu-ma-Chien: Chinese History Book

Who am I game?

• In five groups

• Pick one of the important person in the history

• Other groups take turn asking questions

• Guess who is that person?

Ancient Indian Civilization

• Indus=>Aryan(Vedic, Epic, Empire, and Gupta)

• India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka

• Dravidian, Aryan

• Hindu Kush entrance

@Khyber

Pass

Indus Civilization• Major cities: Harappa and

Mohenjo-Daro• Brick wall, city planning • Sophisticated water and

sewage system• Two-class structure:

aristocracy and commoners • Public great bath room• Agricultural Base, had a barn

for agricultural productivity tax,

• Trading Society (@Lothal): with Mesopotamia: cotton, spice, pottery, and silk

• Engineering and mathematics, • Writing system (not yet

deciphered)• Lady Sculpture: dancer, Priest

King, seals, toys How did it end?

Aryan Civilization (Vedic Period)• Tribal kingdoms or

chiefdoms (raja, senate, society) expand to Ganges river

• Agrarian society• Hinduism: (Brahma: God

of creation, Vishnu: God of protection & maintenance, Siva: God of destruction)

• Vedas: Rig Veda, SamaVeda, Yajur Veda and Atharva Veda

• Influenced Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism

Aryan Civilization (Epic Period)•Monarchy•Independent States in Ganges River •Caste system:

–Brahman (Priest)–Kshatriya (Noble/Warriors)–Vaishya (Tradesperson)–Sudra (Servant)–Jantal (Untouchable)

•Mahabharata Epic (longest 100,000 solok)

–Civil War@Kurukaset field between Pandop and Gaorupfamilies–Famous chapter is Bhagavad gita

•Ramayana Epic

Brahman, mouth

Kshatriya, arm

Vaishya, thigh

Sudra, feet

Mahabharata and Ramayana

Religion and Philosophy• Upanishad:

– Continuation of the Vedic philosophy

– Soul (Atman) united with the ultimate truth (Brahman)พรหมน

– Monotheism of Brahman(existence, pure consciousness, and bliss) The absolute ปรพรหม and highest god อปรพรหม

– Reach Mogasa from 3 yoga forms (from Bhagavadgita): Chayarn yoga or practice with knowledge, Karma yoga or good deeds, Bhakti or faith to god

• Janism: Vardhamana Mahavira:

– Believe in reincarnation

– Try to reach Mogasa through self torturing

– Ahimsa: nonviolent, no injury to men or animals

– Who’s the famous Indian that use this strategy?

• Buddhism: Three marks of existence (impermanence, suffering, non-self ) ไตรลกษณ,The four noble truths อรยสจ 4, The eight fold path มรรค 8

Buddhist

• Buddha=The awakened one

• Three marks of existence: (Know it)

– Impermanence อนจจง

– Suffering ทกขขง

– non-self อนตตา

• The four noble truths (Understand it)

– Suffering ทกข

– Cause of suffering สมทย

– Cessation of suffering นโรธ

– Way to the Cessation มรรค

• The eight fold paths (Achieve it)

• Good deeds according to Kalamasutain Buddhist– เปนกศล merit, virtue, proper good deeds

– ไมมโทษ no harm

– บณฑตหรอผรสรรเสรญ praise by the scholar

– ท าใหมากแลว เปนไปเพอประโยชนและความสข for

benefit and happiness of all

Empire Period• Mauryan and Kushan dynasty• 327 BCE Alexander of Macedon

entered India • 321 BCE Unification under

Chandragupta Maurya dynasty capital at:Pattana

• 268-232 BCE Asoka (grandchild of Chandragupta) spread of Buddhism

• Kanisaka King (Asoka 2) spread Mahayana and also traded with Greek and Rome (silk & spices for gold coin & wine)

• Sanchi Stupa, Ashoka Pillar, Gandhara art

• Buddhist Scripture, Menander’s problems

• How do we know it’s Gandhara style?• What’s the difference between Mahayana

and Hinayana (Teravat)?

Gupta Period

• 320-535 Gupta dynasty

• Classic Indian civilization

• Hindu became popular again

• Universities: Nalanda, Uchenee, Paranasri

• Kalidasa:Sakuntala

– The ring of recollection

• Ajanta Cave

Ancient China Civilization

• Separated by mountain, desert, and sea

• 5000 BCE Started agriculture along the Yellow River

• 2700 BCE made silk, pottery, tools made of stone

• Shang=>Zhou=>Qin=>Han Dynasty

• Zhou dynasty (800 years) was the longest one.

Shang Dynasty• Capital city: Anyang, Honan

Province

• King as a leader in: Government, Defense, and Religion

• Three-class structure: Aristocracy, craftsman, farmers or (nobles and commoners)

• Bronze Age Culture

• Worship : Gods of Sky, River, Wind, and ancestor

• Oracle Bone, pictographs on tortoise, ideographs,

• Rural: Pit dwelling, City: Wooden pole with gable roof or thatched roofs

Zhou Dynasty (Classical Age of China)• Capital City: Xian, Loyang, Wei

River, Eastern and Western Zhou

• 800 Years! Feudal: King is Son of Heaven, Mandate from Heaven to convince the people that it’s a legitimate succession. Last Shang king was incompetent.

• Confucius thought that war would end if the people behave appropriately. The King should have mercy for his people.

• Renovate streets, international trade, horse, chariot, bow and arrow, fertilizer, irrigation system, iron plough

• Lao Tzu: Daoism, live with nature, against education

Confucious vs Loutzu• From respected but poor family in

Shangtung province (aged father)

• The Confucian classics (5 Books)– I Ching: Change

– Shu Ching: Document or history

– Shih Ching: Poem

– Li Chi: Rites, Etiquette

– Ch’ un Ch’iu: Spring and Autumn Annals

• Other books: Analects (conversation to his disciples), Mencius, The Great Learning, Doctrine of the Mean

• Knowledge is the key to happiness and successful conduct. Anyone is capable of acquiring that knowledge.

• Emphasis on good life and community– The state existed for man (not the other

way round)

– Five cardinal human relationship (ruler and subject, father and son, brothers, husband and wife, friends)

• Government official until tired of it

• Tao Te Ching: Classic of Nature and Virtue

• People would be better of without civilization.

• Those who teach don’t know anything; those who know don’t teach.

• Laissez Faire: Need passive ruler, leave people with their intuition, they would live in harmony with nature and everyone.

• Doctrines transformed into religious system.

Qin Dynasty• Qin Shi Huangdi: 1st Emperor

• New Capital City: Xianyang

• Centralization Legalism :Strict law and punishment

• One Empire: official language, monetary system(coin), shaft of plough

• Burnt Confucius books, except medical, agricultural, and astrology books

• Built streets and canals to connect with the capital city

• Megalomaniac???– Great Wall of China (Mongolia to NE

Coast 1400miles),

– Palace and Royal Tomb Terracotta

Han Dynasty• Liu Bang or Gao Zu King• Capital City:Chang-an• Peak at Wu Di the Knight Emperor: expanded

the empire to N Korea, Vietnam• Pax Sinica Pride: Sons of Han=> The Gentry• Department: IRS, Defense, Infrastructure,

Government Officials=> Ability Test สอบจองหงวน• Silk Road: Trade and Buddhist Expansion from

China to Central Asia, Persia, Mediterranean, and India

• Knowledge and Invention: Paper, Astrology and Mathematics: eclipse of the sun, end of the sun, and earthquake calculation, clock, compass, printing, gunpowder

• Chieng-kuo: The Middle Kingdom• Believe in 5 elements • Yellow Turbans• Ssu-ma-Chien: Chinese History Book• Other historians: Pao family• Imperial Academy• Han dynasty tomb: Ma Wang Tui• How did this dynasty end?

Homework

• Table comparison for Ancient Greek and Roman Civilization

• Prepare for the test--Ancient World—in week5.

• Practice for the exam by using the online companion websites

– Study questions, quizzes

– Play games and use the interactive map