World Geography 3200/3202October 2010

Glaciers IntroductionIn this lesson you will: 1.4.1 Define the terms outwash plain,

terminal moraine, erratic, drumlin, and esker. (k)

1.4.2 Examine evidence for the direction of movement of a continental glacier. (a)

1.4.3 Define the terms cirque, arête, hanging valley, lateral moraine, and terminal moraine. (k)

1.4.4 Define the term fiord. (k)

Continental vs. AlpineContinental glaciers : Glaciers that cover

parts of continental land masses like Greenland & Antarctica

Alpine glaciers : Glaciers that are found high in mountain valleys, above the snow-line

Glaciers of the worldContinental glaciers

Alpine Glaciers

Continental vs. Alpine: Differences

Location; Alpine glaciers are only found on mountain tops whereas continental glaciers are only found at the earth's poles regardless of elevation.

Size; Alpine glaciers are smaller compared to Continental glaciers.

Alpine GlaciersAlpine glaciers are like very slow moving

rivers of ice flowing down high mountain valleys

They typically erode the mountain beneath them into a u-shaped valley with steep sides.

Some alpine or valley glaciers are 1000m thick and up to 160 km long, though most are only a few km in length.

Continental vs. Alpine: Similarities

Both move and cause erosion (gravity & friction)

Both change the landscape by weathering & deposition

Both create land forms Both developed in constantly cold

temperatures below freezing. (< 0)

Video Overview

Features of Continental Glaciers

Features of Continental GlaciersUse your textbook to create profiles of the

following concepts related to continental glaciersoutwash plainterminal moraineErraticDrumlinesker

Features of Alpine Glaciers

Features of Alpine GlaciersUse your textbook to create profiles of the

following concepts related to alpine glaciersCirqueArêtehanging valleylateral moraineterminal morainefiord

Evidence of Glacier MovementThe gently-sloped end of drumlins point in

the direction of glacier movement. The terminal moraine marks the furthest

extent of the glacier. The layers of silt in an outwash plain can

indicate direction of glacier movement. (fine particles would be at the leading edge while larger particles would have been closer to the glacier)

Review ActivitiesAssigned Readings"Glaciers as Agents of Erosion" on pages 32-

34 of your text book. Assigned ActivitiesComplete Question # 12 on page 33 of your

text book.

Review QuestionsWhere are continental glaciers found?

Where are alpine glaciers found?

Many land forms are created by continental glaciers. Which one is very similar to a river delta?

Many land forms are created by continental glaciers. Which one is created by a river running under the glacier?

Review QuestionsMany land forms are created by continental

glaciers. Which one is a large boulder that looks out of place in its surroundings?

Many land forms are created by continental glaciers. Which one marks the furthest extent of the glaciers movement?

Many land forms are created by continental glaciers. Which one is an egg-shaped hill?

Which end of a drumlin indicates the direction of glacier motion?

Review QuestionsWhere are continental glaciers found? THE

POLES OF EARTH Where are alpine glaciers found? HIGH IN

MOUNTAIN VALLEYS Many land forms are created by continental

glaciers. Which one is very similar to a river delta? OUTWASH PLAIN

Many land forms are created by continental glaciers. Which one is created by a river running under the glacier? ESKERS

Review QuestionsMany land forms are created by continental

glaciers. Which one is a large boulder that looks out of place in its surroundings? ERRATICS

Many land forms are created by continental glaciers. Which one marks the furthest extent of the glaciers movement? TERMINAL MORAINE

Many land forms are created by continental glaciers. Which one is an egg-shaped hill? DRUMLIN

Which end of a drumlin indicates the direction of glacier motion? POINTY

Alpine GlaciersAlpine glaciers are like very slow moving

rivers of ice flowing down high mountain valleys

They typically erode the mountain beneath them into a u-shaped valley with steep sides.

Some alpine or valley glaciers are 1000m thick and up to 160 km long, though most are only a few km in length.

Features of Alpine Glaciers

Features of Alpine GlaciersUse your textbook to create profiles of the

following concepts related to alpine glaciersCirqueArêtehanging valleylateral moraineterminal morainefiord

Review ActivitiesAssigned Readings

"Alpine Glaciation" on pages 34-36 of your text book.

Assigned ActivitiesDo Question # 14 on page 36.

Review QuestionsWhat alpine glaciation feature consists of a circular

hollow cut into the bedrock.

What alpine glaciation feature consists of a knife-like edge between adjacent cirques?

What alpine glaciation feature consists of a valley that abruptly ends as the main valley is at a much lower level?

What alpine glaciation feature consists of deposits along the side of the glacier.

What alpine glaciation feature is formed when a valley

glacier reaches the ocean and eventually melts back.

Review QuestionsWhat alpine glaciation feature consists of a

circular hollow cut into the bedrock. CIRQUE What alpine glaciation feature consists of a knife-

like edge between adjacent cirques? ARETE What alpine glaciation feature consists of a valley

that abruptly ends as the main valley is at a much lower level? HANGING VALLEY

What alpine glaciation feature consists of deposits along the side of the glacier. LATERAL MORAINE

What alpine glaciation feature is formed when a valley glacier reaches the ocean and eventually melts back. FJIORD