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World Geography
3202
Chapter Nine - page 144
- provides nutrients and food that plants need to grow
- certain conditions are needed to grow crops, develop soil and create profit
* Some basic ones are shared by all regardless of size, location or type of farm
- This includes: Inputs, Farm Processes, & Outputs
Soil is a Resource
(Q #1 page 144)
Inputs: The items / things that go into the production of a good or service
ex. climate, topography, soil, labour, seeds, plants (seedlings), fertilizers
TERMS TO KNOW
Farm Processes: actions taken to produce a product
ex. preparation of the land, ploughing, seeding, weeding, harvesting
TERMS TO KNOW
Outputs: The products of production / what is produced from farms, industry, business
ex. hay, vegetables, grains, livestock, meat, milk, eggs
TERMS TO KNOW
Cash Crop: when a farm product is produced in order to be sold
Subsistence Farming: people farm to produce the food they need to survive. Any surplus left over may be sold
TERMS TO KNOW
Input, Process, Output?
a. vegetable stand
b. piece of cheese
c. irrigation spraying
d. animals
In Class Activity Q # 2 pg 144
KEY input of farming is labour
Labour: provided by the people who do the work, allows soil and other components to produce food or another output
Family - Operated Farm: if at least half the labour is supplied by the farm operator and his/her family (considered normal)
Small Scale Farming
Subsistence(2:00) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dr1qxdwJwC8&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
Family Operated(2:00)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_WOfXE3_x30&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
VIDEOS
#1: A Mixed-Vegetable Farm in Canada
CASE STUDY #1Questions 3a, 4b, 5, 6a,
#2: Rice Farming in Bangladesh
CASE STUDY #2Class Discussion Questions 7b, 8a, 9Subsistence Farming
Commercial Farming: Farmers produce crops or raise animals primarily for sale to others
** Intensive Farming/Agriculture **- Write definition from Glossary
CLASS ACTIVITY WORKSHEET 9.3
#3: Shifting Cultivation in Borneo
Questions 11a, 11b, 11cSlash-and-Burn Cultivation: clearing land area of all undergrowth using machetes (13-20 days), farm there for short period and move on leaving land the land to return to forest
- dozens or hundreds of labourers are hired to perform the work required
- farming output supports more than just one family
- operations are always commercial
This type of farming can take many forms:
➀ Climate
➁ Culture
➂ Economic Factors
Large Scale Farming
#4: Plantation Farming in Hawaii
CASE STUDY #4Questions 12a, 12b, 13a, 13b
Volcanic Soils: very well suited to many kinds of farming because they are porous and have a high chemical content (increases their productivity)
#5: Wheat Farming in Ukraine
CASE STUDY #5Questions 14, 15a, 15b
Main obstacles to private farming:1. lack of private suppliers of seeds, fertilizers, and equipment2. difficulties in obtaining the capital needed to buy inputs3. shortages of spare parts and services to repair machinery4. lack of knowledge to manage all aspects of a farm
#6: An Agribusiness in the Philippines
Questions 17a, 17b
Agribusiness: farming systems that are self-sufficient with several advantages1. Greater access to capital (access to the latest equipment and technology)2. Ability to export products worldwide3. Controlled costs of production and export4. Sell directly to the consumer with no intervening wholesale or retail involvement
- problems in providing an adequatequantity of food for their residents
- problems with development and food supply stem from
➀ Land ownership
➁ Level of agricultural output
➂ Degree of technological advancements
Farming Challenges in Less Developed Countries
- Without access to land people in less-developed countries will never become self-sustaining
- Most farmers work as labourers
- Wages are not adequate to support their families
- Most land is owned by wealthy landowners
Land Ownership
- Traditional agriculture is limited in its productivity
- New higher-yielding varieties of seeds and breeds of animals should be used
- This allows for more productivity which provides food for the expanding population
Agricultural Output
New technologies must be used to allow small-scale farming processes such as planting and harvesting to be completed more efficiently
Degree of Technological Advancements
Land Reform: the redistribution of land controlled by the wealthy few to individual farmers for smallholding farming
(answer to question 20 page 160)
Define Green Revolution & Appropriate Technology
(answer to question 23 page 161)
TERMS TO KNOW
Land Reform in Brazil
CASE STUDY #7Questions 21a, 21b, 21c- page 160
Research and prepare a photo essay (4 photos & 150 words) on one of the following topics as it applies to agriculture in a less-developed country
a) land reform
b) the green revolution
c) appropriate technology
d) subsistence farming
Due: Monday Morning
RESEARCH PROJECT
- High crop yield can be obtained through artificial means
- Technology has allowed us to:
➀ Make crops more disease and pest resistant
➁ Foster maturity in crops more quickly
➂ Grow crops in a diversity of climates and
➃ Grow crops in a diversity of soil types
Science & Technology
- began in Mexico in the 1950's
- drastically decreased India’s food shortage
- 1960 India faced massive starvation
- After Green Revolution in 1963: new weather resistant high-yield crops were planted and India’s grain production doubled in less than 10 years
- India was almost able to feed its population for 10 years
Green Revolution
The Struggle for Appropriate Technology in Nigeria
Class Discussion - Question 24 pg 161
- Since mid 20th century Agricultural Scientists have developed many new plants that have increased World Agricultural Output
- The future challenge in less-developed countries will be the quantity and quality of technology used to produce food
- If less-developed countries had the technologies of developed countries world food shortages would be eliminated
CONCLUSION