World History IIWorld History IISOL Review SOL Review Great Depression – Cold War

Great Depression - CausesGreat Depression - CausesGerman reparationsBuying on creditOverproduction – high supply + low

demand = low prices for farm goods and manufactured goods

Protective Tariffs – countries passed tariffs (taxes on imports) to make people buy goods produced and food grown in their country (foreign goods were more expensive)

Stock Market Crash (October 1929)

Great Depression - ResultsGreat Depression - ResultsHigh unemploymentBank failures + collapse of creditCollapse of prices in world trade Growth of Fascism (extreme

nationalism) in Italy and GermanyNazi Party blamed Jews for the

economic collapse

Adolf HitlerAdolf HitlerGermanyCame to power because of inflation

and Great Depression (legally came to power)

Anti-SemitismExtreme nationalism (fascist)Nazi PartyChallenge to world power – sent troops

into the Rhineland (demilitarized zone according to Versailles treaty)

Benito MussoliniBenito MussoliniItalyFascist (1st fascist leader)Wanted to restore the glory of

the Roman EmpireChallenge to world power –

invaded Ethiopia

TojoTojoJapanMilitaristJapan’s industrialization – need

for raw materials and marketsChallenge to world power –

invaded Korea, Manchuria, and rest of China

World War II - CausesWorld War II - CausesAggression by totalitarian power

(Hitler, Mussolini, and Tojo)Nationalism (Fascism – extreme

nationalism)Failures of the Versailles TreatyWeakness of the League of NationsAppeasement – Munich Conference

(gave Hitler the Sudetenland to avoid war)

Isolationism/Pacifism in United States and Europe

World War II – Major World War II – Major EventsEventsBegan – German invasion of PolandFrance fell (Britain left alone to fight

the Axis Powers)Battle of Britain – bombing of LondonOperation Barbarossa – German

invasion of the Soviet UnionU.S. entered war after Japan attacked

Pearl HarborU.S. dropped atomic bombs on

Hiroshima and Nagasaki to end war with Japan

World War II – Major World War II – Major LeadersLeadersFranklin D. Roosevelt – President of the U.S.Harry Truman – replaced Franklin Roosevelt

as president/dropped atomic bomb on JapanDwight D. Eisenhower – Allied commander

in Europe (D Day)Douglas MacArthur – U.S. General in the

PacificWinston Churchill – Prime Minister of England Joseph Stalin – dictator of Soviet UnionHirohito – Emperor of Japan

Outcomes of World War IIOutcomes of World War IIEuropean powers loss of empires (ex.

Japan lost territory gained by the war)Two super powers emerged – U.S.

and Soviet UnionNuremberg Trial – tried Nazis for

war crimesDivision of Europe – Iron Curtain

(capitalist/democratic vs. communist/totalitarian)

United Nations

Outcomes of World War IIOutcomes of World War IINATO (North Atlantic Treaty

Organization) – military alliance that included U.S., Canada, and western Europe

Warsaw Pact – Soviet Union and Eastern Europe

HolocaustHolocaustGenocide – the systematic and

purposeful destruction of a racial, political, religious, or cultural group

Elements leading to the Holocaust – history of anti-Semitism, defeat in World War I and Great Depression blamed on the Jews, Hitler’s belief in a master race, and Final Solution (death camps)

Examples of Other Examples of Other GenocidesGenocidesArmenians by leaders of the Ottoman

EmpirePeasants, government and military

leaders, and members of the elite in the Soviet Union by Joseph Stalin (Great Purge)

The educated, artists, technicians, former government officials, monks, and minorities by Pol Pot in Cambodia

Tutsi minority by the Hutu in RwandaMuslims and Croats By Bosnian Serbs

in Yugoslavia

Post World War II - JapanPost World War II - JapanU.S. occupation of Japan led by MacArthur

Improved economyBrought democracy to Japan – constitution/elections

Japan can only have a military for defense

Post World War II – Post World War II – GermanyGermanyDivision of East (Soviet Union)

and West (U.S., France, and Great Britain)

Division of Berlin (East and West)Democratic government in West Germany

Early Cold WarEarly Cold WarYalta Conference - meeting of three

main allied leaders (Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill) + planned "the whole shape and structure of post-war Europe“ + Stalin had the right to control the governments of Eastern Europe (Soviet troops were already stationed throughout Eastern Europe as they pushed toward Germany)

Democracy and Capitalism vs. Dictatorship and Communism

Truman Doctrine – contain communism (not let it spread)

Marshall PlanMarshall PlanRebuild Western Europe (aid

and assistance) – prevent the spread of communism

Berlin WallBerlin WallSurrounded city of West Berlin

so that people would not escape to West Germany

Korean WarKorean WarCause – North Korea invaded

South KoreaResult – North Korea and South

Korean still divided along 38th parallel

China supported North Korea and U.S. supported South Korea

Vietnam WarVietnam WarCause - Ho Chi Minh encouraged

communist rebels to overthrow South Vietnamese government

Results - U.S. troops left Vietnam + unification of Vietnam (communist country)

Vietnamization Nixon's administrations policy of building up South Vietnamese forces while gradually withdrawing American troops

Domino Theory If Vietnam became a communist country, the countries adjacent to (surrounding) Vietnam would also become communist countries

Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile CrisisCause – Soviet Union places nuclear missiles in Cuba

Results – Soviet Union removed missiles and U.S. promised not to invade Cuba

Collapse of Soviet UnionCollapse of Soviet UnionCommunism failed!! - increasing Soviet

military expenses to compete with the United States + economic inefficiency

Gorbachev and President Reagan – key leaders

Eastern European countries (communist block) wanted independence U.S. encouraged dissidents (people who wanted independence) in communist countries (Poland)

Some Warsaw Pact countries joined NATO after collapse of Soviet Union – expansion of NATO

Collapse of Soviet UnionCollapse of Soviet Union

Establishment of independent states in Eastern Europe and the breakup of the Soviet Union

Movement toward a free market economy

Fall of Berlin wall and reunification of Germany