World History

Have out your bell work and spiral.Test Friday over Enlightenment, American and French Revolutions.

Bell Work Week 14: Wednesday 04.22.15

▪ Respond to the following in complete sentences in the space for Wednesday on your bell work paper.

▪ Give me two examples of why the Bill of Rights is important to you. Support your answer.

Unit 8: Age of AbsolutismPop-up notes Absolute MonarchsReading Summary 16.1Reading Summary 16.2

Chart of MonarchiesReading Summary 16.3English Civil War

Unit 9: Enlightenment and RevolutionChart of Enlightened ThinkersReading Summary 17.2DefinitionsSummary 17.3TimelineNotesReading Summary 18.1Notes: French Revolution

Unit 9: Enlightenment and RevolutionReading Summary 18.1Notes French Revolution

Table of Contents

Essential Question

How did enlightened thinkers inspire revolutionaries to push for radical changes in government and society?

• What were the social divisions of France’s old order?

• What were some reasons for France’s economic troubles in 1789?

• Why did Louis XVI call the Estates-General and what was the result?

• Why did Parisians storm the Bastille?

Topical Questions

Coming of the French Revolution

Text Marking:

Read Silently.

Under the main idea.

Circle Vocabulary words.

Annotate in the margin

Once you have read the summary and marked the text, answer the questions.

Name Class Date

Under France’s ancien régime, there were three social classes, or estates. The First Estate was the clergy, who enjoyed great wealth and privilege. The Second Estate was the titled nobility. They held top jobs in government, the army, and the courts. The vast majority of the population, including the bourgeoisie, or middle class, formed the Third Estate. The bulk of the Third Estate consisted of rural peasants. The poorest members of the Third Estate were urban workers.

Members of the Third Estate resented the privileges enjoyed by their social “betters.” The First and Second Estates, for example, were exempt from most taxes, while peasants paid taxes on many things, including necessities. Then Enlightenment ideas led people to question the inequalities of the old social structure. The Third Estate demanded that the privileged classes pay their share.

Economic troubles added to the social unrest. Deficit spending had left France deeply in debt. In the 1780s, bad harvests sent food prices soaring. Louis XVI chose Jacques Necker as an economic advisor. Later, the king was forced to dismiss Necker for proposing to tax the First and Second Estates. The crisis deepened. Powerful nobles and clergy called for a meeting of the Estates-General to try to control reform. Louis XVI finally set a meeting at Versailles. Beforehand, the king asked all three estates to prepare cahiers listing their grievances. Some lists demonstrated the high level of resent- ment among the classes.

The Estates-General met in May 1789. After weeks of stalemate, delegates of the Third Estate abandoned the Estates-General and formed the National Assembly. Later, when they were locked out of their meeting place, the members of the new legislature took their famous Tennis Court Oath. They swore never to separate until they had established a just constitution.

On July 14, 1789, the streets of Paris buzzed with rumors that royal troops were going to occupy the city. More than 800 Parisians assembled outside the Bastille, demanding weaponry stored there. When the commander refused, the enraged mob stormed the Bastille, sparking the French Revolution.

Review Questions 1. How was society structured under France’s ancien régime?

2. What economic troubles did France face in the 1780s?

165

French Society

Clergy

Nobility

About 95 percent of the population, including the

bourgeoisie, urban workers, and rural peasants

First Estate

Third Estate

Second Estate

The ancien régime separated everyone in French society into one of three estates:

The Church The nobility

• Owned 10 percent of the land

• Collected tithes• Paid no direct taxes

to the state

• Had right to top jobs in government, the army, the courts, and the Church

• Paid no taxes

The first two estates enjoyed most of the wealth and privileges of France.

Economic Woes

Years of deficit spending had put the government deeply in debt.

The government needed to increase taxes, reduce expenses, or both.

•France was on the verge of bankruptcy.

Recommendations: Jacques Necker

• Reduce extravagant court spending

• Reform government

• Abolish tariffs on internal trade

• Tax the First and Second Estates

▪ Advisor fired. Called for the Estates General.

• Fairer taxes!

• Freedom of the press!

• Regular meetings of the Estates-General!

Before the meeting, Louis had all the estates prepare cahiers listing their grievances.

1 voteThird Estate

▪The Third Estate wanted the votes to be together and counted by heads rather than estates.

1 voteFirst Estate

1 voteSecond Estate

A stalemate was created because each estate met separately and had one vote.

▪The members of the National Assembly took the Tennis Court Oath.

They were locked out of their meeting hall and moved to a tennis court.

In June 1789, members of the Third Estate declared themselves to be the National Assembly and the true representatives of the people.

Rumors spread that the king planned to dissolve the National Assembly.

Louis XVI was forced to accept the new body.

• Demanded weapons they thought were stored there.

• Shots were fired.

• The crowd stormed the Bastille.

• The fall of the Bastille challenged the existence of the ancien régime.

800 Parisians stormed the Bastille.

Independent Practice

▪ Finish Chapter 18.1 section summary.

▪ Finish Chapter 17 vocabulary.

▪ Test on Friday: 40 questions Multiple Choice and Matching.