WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

EIGHTH

WORLD METEOROLOGICAL CONGRESS

GENEVA, 30 APRIL - 25 MAY 1979

ABRIDGED REPORT ~H RESOLUTIONS

I WMO - No. 533 I Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization • Geneva ~ Switzerland

1979

The proceedings of Eighth Congress will be issued in a separate publication.

© 1979, World Meteorological Organization

ISBN 92 - 63 - 10533 - 2

NOTE

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion what­SOever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its· authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

CONTENTS

List of persons attending Eighth Congress. . .. . Agenda ...................... . General summary of the work of Eighth Congress List of resolutions adopted by Eighth Congress . .

Resolutions

FIlial Sessioll No. No.

I

2

3

4

5

6 7

8 9

10 11

12

13 14

15 16 17 18

2.1/1 2.2/1

2.3/1

2.4/1

3.1.2/1 3.1.2/2 3.1.2/3

3.1.3/1 3.1.3/2 3.2.1 3.2.2/1

3.2.2/2

3.2.3/1 3.2.3/2

3.2.3/3 3.2.3/4 3.2.4/1 3.2.4/2

Tribute to the Secretary-General. . . . . . ..... Review of the scientific and technical structure of WMO ........................ . Suspension of Members for failure to meet financial obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . .....

Technical Regulations of the World Meteorological Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World Weather Watch ............... . Improvement of the World Weather Watch ... . Units for atmospheric pressure used in operational and research work of WMO .. ....... .

Tropical Cyclone Programme . . . . . . . . . Typhoon Operational Experiment (TOPEX) . Application of meteorology to aviation . . . .

Improvements in the marine meteorological and oceanographic data collection scheme ...... .

Marine meteorological and related oceanographic activities for the period 1980-1983 ...... . Integrated Global Ocean Station System . . . . . . WMO's participation in the development and implementation of the Long-term and Expanded Programme of Oceanic Exploration and Research .

Co~ordination of marine activities. . . . . . . . . .

United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea. Application of meteorology to agriculture WMO activities in contribution to the combat against desertification . . . . . . . . . . .

Page

VII XXIII

I

106

106

106

108

108 109 112

112 113 115 116

117

119 121

122 123 125 126

128

IV

Resolutions

filial No.

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29 30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39 40

SessiOll No.

3.2.5/1

3.2.5/2

3.2.6/1

3.3.1/1

3.3.1/2

3.3.1/3

3.3.3/1

3.3.3/2

3.3.3/3

3.3.4/1 3.4

3.5.1/1

3.5.2/2

3.5.3/1

4.1/1

4.1/2

4.2/1

4.2/2

4.3/1

5.3/1

6/1

7.3/1

CONTENTS

Promotion of applications of meteorology to energy problems with particular regard to solar and wind energy utiJization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Promotion of special applications . . . . . . . . . .

WMO activities in the field of environmental pollution monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Programme on Short-, Medium- and Long-range Weather Prediction Research (PWPR) ..... .

Tropical WMO Programme on Research in Meteorology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Solar-Terrestrial Physics - Meteorology Research Project . . . . . . . . . . Precipitation Enhancement Project

(STP-M)

Hail suppression research . . . . .

Weather Modification Programme

Instruments and Methods of Observation. World Climate Programme Hydrological Operational programme (HOMS) . . . .

Multipurpose Sub-

Co-operation between Hydrological Services ... .

Water Resources Development Programme ... .

Co-ordination of technical co-operation at the national and regional levels . . . . . . . . . . . .. Recruitment of experts to serve in technical co­operation programmes in which the World Meteorological Organization participates. . . . . . Participation of the World Meteorological Organi­zation in the United Nations Development Programme ..................... . Technical co-operation among developing countries in the field of meteorology and opera­tional hydrology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The WMO Voluntary Co-operation Programme Antarctic meteorology . . . . . . . . . . .... Promotion of education and training . . . . . . Publications programme for the eighth financial period ........................ .

Pog'

129 131

134

137

138

141

142

143

144

145

147

150

151

152

154

156

157

159 161

162

163

165

CONTENTS

Resolution

filial No_

41 42

43

44 45 46

47

48 49 50 51

52

53

54 55

Annexes

I

II

III

IV

Session No_

7.4/1 9/1

10.2/1

10.3/1 10.3/2 10.4/1

10.4/2

10.5/1 10.6/1 11.1/1 11.2/1

11.2/2

11.2/3

11.3/1 11.4/1

Publicinformation policy . . . . . . ....... . Maximum expenditures for the. eighth financial period .. ...................... . Establishment of the Financial Regulations of the World Meteorological Organization Review of the Working Capital Fund ....... . Short-term borrowing authority .... ...... . Proportional contributions of Members during the seventh financial period . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assessment of proportional contributions of Members for tbe eighth financial period IMOFund ................... . Secretary-General's contract. . . . . . . . . . . Amendment to Article l3(e) oftbe Convention Amendments to General Regulations related to voting and elections during sessions. . ...... . General Regulations of the World Meteorological Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System of WMO technical commissions for the eighth financial period . . . . . . . . . . Use of the Arabic language . . . . . . . Review of previous Congress resolutions

Annex to paragraph 7.2.4 of the general summary Programme of sessions during the eighth financial period and of invitations for hosting them. . . . . . ..... Annex to Resolution 8(Cg-VIII) Tropical Cyclone Programme - Implementation pro-gramme for 1980-1983 . . . . .. . ..... . Annex to Resolution IO(Cg-VIII) Trends in aviation meteorology .............. . Annex to Resolution 12(Cg-VIII) Policy statement on the WMO Programme on Marine Meteorological and Related Oceanographic Activities in 1980-1983 .......................... .

V

Page

165

166

167 168 169

170

170 171 172 172

173

174

175 176 176

178

181

186

187

VI

V

VI

VII

VIII

Annexes

IX

X

XI

XII

XIII

XIV

XV

XVI

XVII

XVIII

CONTENTS

Annex to Resolution 17(Cg-VIII) Outline of WMO Agriculture and Desertification Pro­gramme - Agricultural component . . . . . . . . . .

Annex to Resolution 22(Cg-VIII) WMO Programme on Short-, Medium- and Long-range Weather Prediction Research .............. . .

Annex to Resolution 23(Cg-VIII) WMO Programme on Research in Tropical Meteorology

Annex to Resolution 24(Cg-VIII) Draft Solar-Terrestrial Physics - Meteorology (STP-M) Research l!oject. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... .

Annex to Resolution 30(Cg-VIII) The Hydrological Operational programme (HOMS) ....... .

Multipurpose

Part A - Concept of HOMS ........... .

Sub-

Part B - Outline of activities in the Hydrological Opera-tional Multipurpose Sub-programme . . . . . .

Annex to Resolution 40(Cg-VIII) Programme and languages of WMO publications for the eighth financial period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... Annex to Resolution 42(Cg-VIII) Maximum expenditures for the eighth financial period . Annex to Resolution 43(Cg-VIII) Financial Regulations of the World Meteorological Organi-zation ............................. . Annex to Resolution 47(Cg-VIII) Table of proportional contributions to the World Meteoro­logical Organization for the eighth financial period . Annex to Resolution 49(Cg-VlII) Secretary-General's contract . . . . . . . . . . . .. Annex to Resolution 51(Cg-VIII) Amendments to General Regulations reiated to voting at sessions and elections during sessions . . . . . . . . . . . .

Annex to Resolution 52(Cg-VIII) ·List of amended or new General Regulations

Annex to Resolution 53(Cg-VIII) Titles and terms of reference of technical commissions

Annex to Resolution 54(Cg-VIII) Amendments to General Regulations 112, 113, 115 and 116

191

194

197

200

204 204

204

208

210

211

227

231

234

235

239

241

List of documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 242

LIST OF PERSONS ATTENDING EIGHTII CONGRESS

MemberSrate or Tenitory

Afghanistan

Albania

Algeria

Angola

Argentina

Australia

Austria

Bangladesh

A. Members of WMO

Name

N. M. Herman

J. Cobani S.Jaho M. Karalliu

M. Benammour Mrs. M. Mokhtari M. Aodaloussi M. Belbachir M. A. Tebbal A. Demmak M.Kadi M. Sadji

A. Aodrade Mrs. M. O. Correia Azevedo M. P. Teixeira

J. E. Echeveste F. J. A. Lacaze Mrs. N. M. Freyre Penabad L. A. Olivieri H. Ricciardelli M. C. Fuschini Mejia

J. W. Zillman K. J. O'Loughlin Miss H. Freeman

H. Reuter H. Maier H. Schimpf

M. S. Mawla

Principal delegate

Principal delegate Delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Alternate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Alternate Adviser

Principal delegate Delegate Delegate

Principal delegate

VIII

MemberState or Territory

Barbados

Belgium

Benin

Botswana

Brazil

British Caribbean Territories

Bulgaria

Burma

Burundi

Byelorussian S.S.R.

Canada

Chile

LIST OF PERSONS AITENDING EIGHTH CONGRESS

Name Capacity

D. F. Best Principal delegate

R. Sneyers Principal delegate M. Quoilin Delegate A. Quinet Delegate F. Bullot Delegate E. A. Bernard Delegate H. Segesser de Brunegg Adviser

l. E. Yabi Principal delegate

J. B. S. Diphaha Principal delegate

C. Padilha Alves da Silva Principal delegate R. F. Caracciolo Delegate E. J. Fereira Neiva Delegate G. Saboia Delegate

C. E. Berridge Principal delegate G. Rudder Alternate

K. l. Stantchev Principal delegate D. Simidchiev Delegate I. Petrov Delegate

V.Hla Principal delegate V. Hla Myint Delegate

E. N dikumasabo Principal delegate

A. A. Glomozda Principal delegate E. Vytchegjanin Alternate

A. E. Collin Principal delegate W. L. Godson Alternate F. A. Page Delegate J. B. Gillies Delegate N. H. James Delegate

F. Roll F. Principal delegate F. Caceres L. Delegate P.Oyarce Delegate

LIST OF PERSONS ATTENDING EIGHTH CONGRESS

Member State or Territory

China

Colombia

Comoros

Congo

Costa Rica

Cuba

Cyprus

Czechoslovakia

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Democratic Yemen

Name

WuXueyi Ye Duzheng Zhao Kejing YueChuan Mrs. WuJun Cheng Wento Wu Xianwei Jin Kui Miss Mao Yueming Yu Yuqing

C. H. Arias A. Levy

A. Bourhane

M. Sow-Alassane

G. Lizano Vindas E. Zarate

M. Rodriguez Nunez A. Mata Salas Miss M. J. Quieos

K. Philaniotis N. Macris

V. Richter F. Samaj J. Cizek

Chin Chung Guk Zang Chang Chon Jo Gyoung Won

A. M. Shaker A. H. M. Atrabi

IX

Capacity

Principal delegate Alternate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Adviser Adviser Adviser

Principal delegate Delegate

Principal delegate

Principal delegate

Principal delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Alternate

Principal delegate Alternate Delegate

Principal delegate Alternate Delegate

Principal delegate Delegate

x LIST OF PERSONS AITENDING EIGHTH CONGRESS

Member Stale or TenitQ1)'

Denmark

Dominican Republic

Ecuador

Egypt

EI Salvador

Ethiopia

Finland

France

Name

K. Andersen E. Busch H. E. Kastoft B. H. Jensen J. L. Jensen B. C. Christensen J. Ostenfeld H. H. Krarup

J. A. Rib Santamaria H. L. Hernandez M. Niulez Arias

V. L. Gomez

M. F. Taba M. S. Harb M. K. El Zarka A. M. El Masry M. N. Fahmy

C. Barahona Rivas G. T. Guzman Lopez

W. Degefu

L. A. Vuorela S. P. Huovila D. Soderman S. Mustonen Y. Toivola R. Sirola

R. Mittner R. du Chaxel Miss M. A. Martin Sane F. Duvernet L. Malecotte M. Merlet A.Nemo J. C. Paravy Miss M. T. Rabuffi B. Gosset C. Gleizes

Capacity

Principal delegate Alternate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Alternate Delegate

Principal delegate

Principal delegate Alternate Delegate Delegate Adviser

Principal delegate Delegate

Principal delegate

Principal delegate Alternate Delegate Delegate Adviser Adviser

Principal delegate Alternate Alternate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate

LIST OF PERSONS ATIENDING EIGHTH CONGRESS

Member Sfate or Tern/Of)'

French Polynesia

Gabon

German Democratic Republic

Gennany, Federal Republic of

Ghana

Greece

Guatemala

Guinea-Bissau

Guyana

Name

G. Euillet

P.Mba S. Gassita 1. P. Antchoue

W. B6hme R. Enderlein 1. Kolbig Mrs. O. Maiwald H. Veit 1. Zenker

E. Lingelbach H. G. Schulze T.Mohr H. Panzram H. Schirmer Mrs. G. von Malsen G. Wirth H.Adt E. Weber H. Pippart H. 1. Liebscher H. Heeger

N. A. Gbeckor·Kove 1. B. Dankwa 1. B. Buah

A. Bassiakos G. Vlahos A. Afenduli C. Vourakis

Mrs. N. Contreras Miss R. M. Valverde

A. Martins Pereira 1. A. Marques Ferraz A. do Espirito Santo Fonseca

C. E. Berridge

XI

Capacity

Principal delegate

Principal delegate Delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Alternate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Adviser

Principal delegate Alternate Delegate

Principal delegate Alternate Alternate Delegate

Principal delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Delegate Delegate

Principal delegate

XII

Member Siale or TerritVI)'

Honduras

Hong Kong

Hungary

Iceland

India

Indonesia

Iran

Iraq

Ireland

Israel

LIST OF PERSONS A TrENDING ElGHllI CONGRESS

Name Capacity

R. Castro Arita Principal delegate N. Kawas Khoury Delegate P. Garoy-Alvarado Adviser

G. J. Bell Principal delegate

R. Czelnai Principal delegate I. TOlgyesi Alternate A. Lakatos Delegate O. Starosolszky Delegate

H. Sigtryggsson Principal delegate T. Karlsson Delegate H. Kroyer Adviser

P. K. Das Principal delegate P. S. Pant Alternate K. R. Rao Delegate S. Singh Delegate

C. Sutrisno Principal delegate A. Koesdarjanto Delegate Muhadi Delegate B. Darmosutanto Adviser M. Sidik Adviser

D.Ameri Principal delegate

R. AI-Ali "Principal delegate A. G. J. AI-Sultan Alternate A. AI-Rahim Akrawi Delegate A. R. Abeid Delegate

P. K. Rohan Principal delegate D. Linehan Delegate S. Gaynor Delegate Miss A. Anderson Delegate

Y. L. Tokatly Principal delegate Miss R. Raeli Delegate

Italy

MemberSlale or Territory

Ivory Coast

Jamaica

Japan

Jordan

Kenya

Kuwait

Lebanon

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

Luxembourg

Mali

UST OF PERSONS A TIENDING EIGHTH CONGRESS

Name

R. Ferraris S. Palmieri D. Bottari F. Mattei A. Izzo M. T. Falcetta

J. Djigbenou A. Cissoko

F. A. R. McGilchrist Miss V. E. Betton

S. Kubota Y. Sekiguchi H. Takamura N. Sawada M.Ochi

A. I. Abandah M. Y. Abu Khader G. I. El-Mallah

J. K. Murithi S. J. M. Njoroge E. A. Mukolwe O. K. Bobotti

K. Al-Yagout A. AI-Alsour R. A. AI-Sanei

N·. Ward I. Harmouche

M. J. El-Ghadi M. Milad

A. Kessler R. Kremer Mrs. J. Ancel-Lenners

A. Gologo

XIII

CapacilY

Principal delegate Alternate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate

Delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Alternate

Principal delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Alternate

Principal delegate Delegate

Delegate Delegate Delegate

Principal delegate

XIV LIST OF PERSONS A TIENDlNG EIGHTH CONGRESS

Member Slate or Territory

Malawi

Malaysia

Mauritania

Mauritius

Mexico

Mongolia

Morocco

Mozambique

Nepal

Netherlands

Netherlands Antilles

New Caledonia

New Zealand

Name Capacity

S. B. Mpata Principal delegate B. K. Mlenga Delegate I. W. Lakioni Delegate

HoTongYuen Principal delegate P. Markandan Alternate A. David Delegate

S. Kamara Principal delegate

Y. S. P. Valadon Principal delegate

S. Aguilar Anguiano Principal delegate Mrs. O. Reyes-Retana Alternate I. Galindo Delegate

D. Tubdendorj Principal delegate G. Dembereldorj Delegate I.. Bayart Delegate

A. Bensari Principal delegate M. El Bahja Alternate F. Raissouni Delegate

J. F. Gomes Pepe Principal delegate I.. M. R. Pereira Delegate Mrs. A. P. I.. Granja Delegate R. O. Lopes Delegate

S. P. Adhikary Principal delegate

H. Bijvoet Principal delegate B.M.Kamp Alternate T. F. Landmeter Delegate F. P. R. van Nouhuys Delegate J. W. van der Made Delegate e. J. E. Schuurmans Delegate

e. F. Reudink Principal delegate

A. Durget Principal delegate

J. Hickman Principal delegate R. Richards Delegate Miss R. Banks Delegate

MemberState or TenilOry

Nicaragua

Niger

Nigeria

Norway

Oman

Pakistan

Panama

Papua New Guinea

Peru

Philippines

Poland

LIST OF PERSONS A TIENDING EIGHTH CONGRESS

Name

G. Cajina Mejicano I. Castillo

H. Diallo A. Kandine

C. A. Abayomi E. O. Mkpanam N. O. Popoola J. Babalola M. C. Aniekwena C. O. Okulaja

K. Langlo P. M. Breistein Miss L. Svendsen N. O. Stava

A. R. S. Al-Harami A. L. Hunaidi

M. Rahmatullah A. Hashmi

O. Ferrer Anguizola Miss R. C. Garcia C. Candanedo A. Liao

K. Magari S. Geno

A. de Soto A. Galvez de Rivero

R. L. Kintanar C. Espejo

z. Kaczmarek J. Michalczewski B. Russin C. Wieckowski

xv

Capacity

Principal delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Delegate Delegate Adviser

Principal delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Alternate

Principal delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Alternate Delegate Delegate

XVI LIST OF PERSONS ATTENDING EIGHTH CONGRESS

MemberS/ale Name Capacity or Territory

Portugal L. A. Mendes Victor Principal delegate R. A. da Costa Carvalho Alternate A. C. Reis Pascoal Delegate A. Pinto de Lemos Delegate A. L. D. Santos Delegate H. D. Fonseca Delegate

Qatar A. E. AI-lattal Principal delegate A. 1. AI-Malki Alternate l. E. Harhash Delegate 1. Al Majed Delegate

Republic of Korea 1. K. Yang Principal delegate N. S. Park Alternate S. H. Kim Delegate

Romania D. Bacinschi Principal delegate T. Melescanu Delegate I. Pascu Delegate

Rwanda l. C. Rugirangoga Principal delegate A. Muserna~Uwimana Delegate M. E. Berruex Adviser

Saudi Arabia M. R AI-Romaih Principal delegate M. AI-Doghithar· Alternate M. Y. AI-Sofiani Alternate N. 1. Tawfiq Alternate M. S. AI-Robaian Delegate A. K. Behairy Delegate A. M. Henaidi Delegate O. M. Nadra Delegate

Sao Tome and 1. F. da Fonseca Principal delegate Principe M. T. Ferreira Cabrita Delegate

Senegal M. A. Sene Principal delegate M. Seck Alternate B. P. Crespin Delegate N. Fall Delegate R Diatta Delegate

Singapore P. La Su Siew Principal delegate

LIST OF PERSONS ATTENDING EIGHTH CONGRESS XVII

Member S/a/e or Tem/ory

Somalia

Spain

Sri Lanka

Sudan

Sweden

Switzerland

Syrian Arab Republic

Thailand

Togo

Name

A. B. Jama M. D. Ismail M. S. Husein A. Aluned O. S. Osman

P. Gonzales-Haba Gonzales L. Garcia Cerezo J. M. Rubiato M. Sanz Vega J. M. Gimenez de la Cuadra J. Miro-Granada

K. D. N. de Silva

O. E.Osman K. A. Mohamed

L. Ag A. Sundberg O. Uinnqvist L. Olsson R. Berggren B. Gellstedt D. K1ackenberg E. Cornell

G.Simmen O. Schmid A. Junod A. Jeannet P. Morscher C. Emmenegger F. Meroni

A. W. Kabakibo M. C. Safadi M. H. AI· Masri

K. Buajitti

Legba· Kokoe Ahialegbedzi K. Katakou

Capacity

Principal delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Alternate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate

Principal delegate

Principal delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Adviser

Principal delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Alternate Delegate

Principal delegate

Principal delegate Delegate

XVIII LIST OF PERSONS ATIENDING EIGHTH CONGRESS

Member Stale or TerrilOlY

Trinidad and Tobago

Tunisia

Turkey

Ukrainian S.S.R.

Uganda

U.S.S.R.

United Kingdom

United Republic of Cameroon

Name

C. B. Daniel

T. Kechrid H. Trabelsi A. Elfazaa R. Cherif

F. Somurkiran S. Kuneralp A. H. Ourel N. Kaya K.Onciiler T. Tuna

N. P. Skrypnik V. A. Sotnikov

P. A. Byarugaba F. Kayiwa

J u. A. Izrael S. S. Hodkin A. Akopov V. I. Klimenko V. Nikitin M. A. Petrossiants K. J. Saenko A. S. Sokolov S. K. Cherkavski Y. A. Khabarov E. Znamenskij

B. J. MasoI! O. J. Day J. Clark F. J. Edwards J. Rodda A. C. Hughes Miss E. Forde D. Cecil

S. Mbele-Mbong L. Finke Fictime

Capacity

Principal delegate

Principal delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Alternate

Principal delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Alternate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate

Principal delegate Alternate Delegate Delegate Delegate Delegate Adviser Adviser

Principal delegate Delegate

Mf'llIbf'r Sialf' or TUriIOI)"

United Republic of Tanzania

United States of America

Upper Volta

Uruguay

Venezuela

Viet Nam

Yemen

Yugoslavia

LIST OF PERSONS ATTENDING EIGHTH CONGRESS XIX

Name Capacity

U. Lifiga Principal delegate D. T. Mussa Delegate

G. S. Benton Principal delegate G. P. Cressman Alternate R. E. Hallgren Delegate N. E. Johnson Delegate B. Zavos Delegate R. A. Clark Delegate H. L. April Delegate C. Sprinkle Delegate F. Lancetti Delegate G. D. Cartwright Delegate J. Cragwall Delegate D. H. Sargeant Delegate R. L. Lavaie Delegate C. W. Newton Adviser

1. P. Ouedraogo Principal delegate S. Drabo Alternate

F. Arbe Principal delegate J. A. Battione Chiarino Alternate E. R. Moll Delegate R. Graziuso Delegate J. Etchart Adviser

O. Coronel Parra Principal delegate O. Ruiz Rodriguez Alternate D. Cobo-Galve Delegate

Tran Van An Principal delegate Hoang Niem Delegate Truong Quan Phan Delegate

M. A. AI-Haimi Principal delegate Y. S. AI-Haj Delegate I. Al-Doumi Delegate M. Abu Gharbieh Adviser

D. Radinovic Principal delegate 1. Delijanic Delegate K. Jordanovski Delegate M. Sikic Delegate R. Vasic Adviser

xx LIST OF PERSONS ATTENDING EIGHTH CONGRESS

Member Slale or Territory

Zaire

Zambia

Non-MemberS/ate

Lesotho

Name

Kamanda Wa Kamanda K. Kudiwu Kengila-Dio Mbuyamba Alubatshi M_ M_ Akpongbo M_ Crabbe

U. R. Acharya

B_ Non-Member countries of WMO

Nome

A. P. Monese

c. Presidents of tecbnical commissions

Commission

Commission for Agricultural Meteorology

Commission/or Aeronautical Meteorology

Commission/or Atmospheric Sciences

Commission for Basic Systems

Commission for Hydrology

Commission/or Instruments and Methods a/Observation

Commission/or Marine Meteorology

Commission for Special Applications of Meteorology and Climatology

Capacity

Principal delegate Alternate Delegate Delegate Adviser

Principal delegate

Capacity

Observer

Name

W. Baier

R. Dodds

A. Villevieille

J. R. Neilon

R. H. Clark

H. Treussart

K. P. Vasi!'ev

M. K. Thomas

LIST OF PERSONS A TIENDING EIGHTH CONGRESS

D. Individual experts

B. Gosset R. List J. Smagorinsky N. P. Small J. Warner D.Hariri

E. IMO Lecturer

B.Bolin

F. Scientific Lecturers

T. Krishnamurti L. Olsson M. Petrossiants P. K. Das Ch. Perrin de Brichambaut

G. International organizations

Qrganizat;rJl/ Name

United Nations L. Cottafavi T. Zoupanos V. Lissitsky

Economic Commission for Europe R. W. Neath

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development M. F. Giroud

United Nations Environment Programme C. C. Wallen G. Biryukov R. S. Mikhail

United Nations Development Programme N. Desai

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees I. Moraru

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations M. Frore

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural S. Dumitrescu Organization

XXI

XXII LIST OF PERSONS ATIENDING EIGHTH CONGRESS

Orguni:arioll

World Health Organization

International Civil Aviation-Organization

Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission

Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization

World Intellectual Property Organization

International Atomic Energy Agency

Agency for Air Safety in Africa and Madagascar

The Arab Centre for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry Lands

International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics

International Commission for Irrigation and Drainage

International Councilfor Building Research. Studies and Documentation

International Federation of Agricultural Producers

League of Red Cross Societies

Organization of American States

World Aerospace Education Organization

European Space Agency

European Centre/oT Medium-range Weather Forecasts

International Council of Scientific Unions

International Astronautical Union

European Co-operation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research

Intem_ational Seismological Centre

International Fund for Agricultural Development

Name

V.B. Vouk H. W. de Koning

U. Schwarz

D. P. D. Scott A. Tolkachev

F. D. Masson

M. Porzio

Mrs. M. S. Opelz

P. Malekou D . .Mandengue Miss M. Khebet G. A. Delonne

A. W. Kabakibo

W. L. Godson

B. Primault

B. Primault

P. G. H. Barter

E. V. Bighinatti Je. Seevaratnam F. Parakatil

F. E. Hurtado de Mendoza

K. Naguib

R. Tessier

A. C. Wiin-Nielsen

C. de Jaeger T. F. Malone F. W. G. Baker

N. Shapley

L. A. Vuorela

A. A. Hughes

A. Ordoobadi

AGENDA

Agenda items Relevant Reso/fl/ions doci/ments adopted

I. Organization of the session PINK 36

1.1 Opening of the session PINK 36

1.2 Establishment of a Credentials PINK 36 Committee

1.3 Approval of the agenda I; I, COIT. I (English only); 2; 2, COIT. I (English only); PINK 36

1.4 Establishment of committees PINK 36

1.5 Report of the Credentials Committee PINK 1; PINK 4; PINK 8; PINK II; PINK 36; PINK 41

1.6 Approval of the Minutes PINK 36

2. Reports

2.1 Report by the President of the 53; 53, Add. I; Organization PINK 49; 105; 105,

Add. I

2.2 Reports by the presidents of technical 16; 19; 20; 22; 30; 30, 2 commissions Add. I; 30, Add. 2; 45;

64; 68; PINK 26

2.3 Financial report by the 89; PINK 10; 3 Secretary-General PINK 10, Rev. I

2.4 Consolidated report on amendments 14; 14, Add. I; 4 to Technical Regulations PINK 30

XXIV AGENDA

Agenda items Relevalll Rem/Illiolls dOt:umellls adopted

3. Scientific and technical programmes

3.1 World Weather Watch Programme

3.1.1 Status of implementation of the World 31; 31, Add. I; 59; Weather Watch plan and monitoring PINK 20 of the operation

3.1.2 Future World Weather Watch plan 26; 26, Add. I; 92; 96; 5,6,7 97; PINK 20

3.1.3 Tropical cyclones 40; 83; 83, Add. I; 8,9 PINK 21

3.1.4 Other related activities 74; PINK 22

3.2 Meteorological Applications and Environment Programme

3.2.1 Aviation meteorology II; II, Add. I; n, Add. \0 2; 21; 96; PINK 23; PINK 23, COIT. I

3.2.2 Marine meteorology 48; PINK 55 11,12

3.2.3 I GOSS and meteorological aspects of 48; PINK 55 13,14, ocean activities 15, 16

3.2.4 Agriculture and desertification 41; 42; 42, Add. I; 17, 18 PINK 27

3.2.5 Energy and special applications 54; 77; PINK 28; 19,20 PINK 28, COIT. I

3.2.6 Environmental pollution monitoring 21; 78; PINK 39 21

3.3 Research and Development Programme

3.3.1 WMO support of research activities 15; 50; 50, Add. I; 60; 22,23, 84; PINK 58 24

3.3.2 WMO/ICSU Global Atmospheric 58; PINK 59 Research Programme

3.3.3 Weather Modification Programme 51; 95; 101; PINK 33 25,26, 27

3.3.4 Instruments and methods of 61; 93; PINK 54 28 observation

3.4 World Climate Programme 44;52;56;88; 100; 29 PINK 25

AGENDA XXV

Agenda items Reiel'allt Resolutions docl/ments adopted

3.5 Hydrology and Water Resources 21; PINK 12 Programme

3.5.1 Operational Hydrology Programme 27; 99; PINK 12 30

3.5.2 Co-operation between Hydrological 28; 29; PINK 13; 31 Services PINK 13, Add. 1; 104

3.5.3 Water resources development 24; PINK 14 32 programme

4. Technical Co-operation Programme

4.1 General review of technical 65; 75; PINK 32 33, 34 co-operation activities

4.2 United Nations Development 70; PINK 42 35,36 Programme (UNDP)

4.3 Voluntary Assistance Programme 25; 55; PINK 53 37 (yAP)

4.4 Other WMO assistance programmes PINK 44

4.5 Organization of technical 69; PINK 43 co-operation activities

5. Regional programmes

5.1 Reports of presidents of regional 37;46;47;57;66;86; associations 86, Add. I; PINK 24

5.2 Regional activities 63; 63, Add. 1; 98; PINK 56; PINK 56, Corr. 1 (English only)

5.3 Antarctic 32; PINK 15 38

6. Education and Training Programme 36; PINK 52 39

XXVI

7.

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.4

8.

9.

10.

10.1

10.2

10.3

10.4

10.5

10.6

AGENDA

Agenda ilems

Supporting programmes

Policy-making organs and executive management

Conference programme

Publications programme

Public information programme

Co-operation with United Nations and other organizations

Consolidated programme and budget

Administrative and financial questions

Revision orthe Staff Regulations

Revision of the Financial Regulations

Consideration orthe Working Capital Fund

Proportional contributions of Members

IMO Fund

Secretary-General's contract

Relel'ant documents

PINK 35

38; 38, Carr. I; 38, Carr. 2; 38, Carr. 3; PINK 46

49; PINK 47

80; PINK 50

62;71;79;81;85;90; 90, Add. I; 90, Add. 2; PINK51

3; 4; 5; 18; 72; 73; 76; 76, Add. 1; 76, Add. I, Carr. I; 76, Add. 2; PINK 63

PINK 3

7;7,Corr.I;67; PINK 9

8; 102; PINK 37; PINK 40

17; 23; 23, Add. I; 23, Add. 2; 23, Add. 3; PINK31

39; PINK 38; PINK 38, Rev. I

PINK 29

Resolutions adopted

40

41

42

43

44,45

46,47

48

49

AGENDA

Agellda items

1I. General and legal questions

II.1 Questions concerning the Convention

1l.2 Revision of the General Regulations

1l.3 The use of the Arabic language as an official and working language of the Organization

11.4 Review of previous resolutions of Congress

ll.5 Requests for Membership of the Organization

12. Elections and nominations

12.1

12.2

12.3

13.

Election of the President and Vice-Presidents of the Organization

Election of members of the Executive Committee

Appointment of the Secretary·Generai

IMO Lecture and scientific discussions

14. Place and date of Ninth Congress

Re/el'anl dOCllments

9; 12; 13; PINK 6; PINK 19; PINK 60

6; 10; 33; 34; 35; 43; 87; 91; PINK 5; PINK 7; PINK 45

6; 35; PINK 7

82; PINK 57

PINK 48

PINK 16; PINK 17; PINK 61

PINK 18; 103; PINK 62

PINK 2; PINK 64

94; 94, Add. I; 94, Add. 2; PINK 34

XXVII

ResaillliOIlS adopted

50

51,52, 53

54

55

GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE WORK OF EIGHTH CONGRESS

The World Meteorological Organization held its Eighth Congress at the Centre International de Conjerences de Geneve (CIGG), Geneva, from 30 April to 25 May 1979, under the chairmanship of Mr. M. F. Taha, President of the Organi­zation.

1. Organization of the session (Agenda item I)

l.l Opening of the session (Agenda item 1.1)

1.1.1 The President of the Organization, Mr. M. F. Taha, opened the Eighth Congress at 11.05 a.m. on 30 April 1979 and welcomed the following distin­guished guests:

H. Htirlimann 1. Vernet

1. Revaclier

P. Raisin R. Vieux

L. Cottafavi

M. Mili

President of the Swiss Confederation President of the Conseil d'Etat of the Republic and Canton of Geneva President of the Grand Conseil of the Republic and Canton of Geneva Mayor of the City of Geneva Chief of Protocol and Information, Republic and Canton of Geneva Director-General, United Nations Office at Geneva Secretary-General, International Telecommuni­cation Union

1.1.2 Mr. H. Hiirlimann, President of the Swiss Confederation, speaking on behalf of the Swiss Federal Authorities and those of the Canton and City of Geneva, welcomed all participants at Congress and expressed his warmest wishes for the success of their work.

He said that the history of the Organization would be marked not only by the important decisions which Eighth Congress would take but also by the GARP Global Experiment, which had already started at the end of 1978 and of which an intensive phase was to commence in a few days. The experiment was expected to provide a better knowledge and understanding of the summer monsoon on which the agriculture of a large number of countries depended. Also among the objectives of the Experiment were the acquisition of a better knowledge of climate and the ability to forecast the weather longer ahead. The Organization could justly be proud of that immense project, the success of which seemed certain.

2 GENERAL SUMMARY

He said that Switzerland was extremely interested in the work of the Organization. The giant chain of the Alps gave rise to local atmospheric phenomena and different climatological features in different parts of the country, affecting an important branch of the economy of the country, namely tourism. He referred to the financial problems confronting the Organization and gave the assurance that Switzerland would continue to provide, within the limits of its possibilities, appropriate aid to the Organization.

He concluded by saying that Congress had important decisions to take on such questions as weather modification, tropical cyclones, the combat against desertification, new sources of energy, hydrology and water resources and the World Climate Programme. He expressed the hope that the decisions of Congress would be beneficial for the science with which the Organization dealt and at the same time useful for the economy and populations of its Member countries.

Mr. L. Col/alavi, representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, said that, at a time when the United Nations was concerned more than ever with many pressing issues related to the maintenance of international peace and security, it was most gratifying to know that its endeavours were being matched by scientific actiVIties of great importance to economic and social devel~ opment, such as the ones- to which Congress would be addressing itself. Weather and climate had always been one of humanity's main Concerns and man continued to be dependent on them despite modern technologies. By developing such programmes as the World Weather Watch, the Meteorological Applications and Environment Programme, the Hydrology and Water Resources Programme and the Global Atmospheric Research Programme, the Organization was addressing itself in a practical and realistic way to matters of vital concern. He referred in particular to the World Climate Programme, to which the United Nations attached consid­erable importance. as indicated by the ~nanimous adoption by the Economic and Social Council of a resolution commending WMO for preparing this pro~ gramme.

He underlined the significant contribution of the Secretary-General of WMO, Dr. D. A. Davies, on behalf of the Organization in strengthening co­operation within the United Nations system of organizations and concluded by expressing his best wishes for the success of Congress.

Mr. M. Mm, Secretary-General of the International Telecommuni­cation Union, expressed his satisfaction at the mutual co-operation and complete harmony in which ITU and WMO had worked together over many years. He said that the two Organizations formed part of that small group of the United Nations specialized agencies whose objective was to ensure effective international co­ordination between national Services in which technical considerations were predominant. Meteorology was largely dependent on the rapid transmission of data and its development had always been closely linked with advances in telecommuni­cation networks. Meteorology had always been able to make immediate use of the latest advances in t~lecommunication techniques and _fruitful co-operation between

GENERAL SUMMARY 3

lTV and WMO had therefore been established in a number of specific areas. In particular, the advent of satellite systems had quite naturally given a new dimension to the activ~ties of both Organizations, even in their routine operational activities. He referred in this connexion to the part played by satellites in the Global Observing System of the World Weather Watch and the role of geostationary satellites in the Global Atmospheric Research Programme. The two Organizations also had an important role to play from the point of view of regulatory work and this led him to refer to the forthcoming World Administrative Radio Conference convened by lTV for a thorough revision of the Radio Regulations. He added that in this work the requirements of meteorology would be duly taken into account.

He concluded by saying that the active collaboration between the two organizations, which went back to more than a century, had been strengthened by present·day technological progress. He expressed his gratitude to Dr. D. A. Davies, Secretary·General of WMO, for the opportunity given to him to address the Congress, reaffinned the wish of lTV to be as co·operative as possible with WMO and wished Congress every success in its work.

Mr, M. Frere, Representative of the Director-General of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, referred to the work undertaken by FAO since Seventh Congress to promote greater use of meteoro­logical information in the broad field of agriculture.

Following the World Food Conference, one of the main concerns of which was the increase of food production, particularly in developing countries, FAO had started the agro·ecological zones project, the objective of which was to define by ecological zone the present and potential productivity of agriculture. This undertaking, which made considerable use of agrometeoroiogical information, had been completed for Africa and was making good progress for Asia and South America. The agrometeoroiogical base of this assessment had been constructed from climatological infonnation collected with the help of WMO.

Another noteworthy development in pursuance of a -resolution of the World Food Conference was the creation of the Global Information and Early Warning System on Food and Agriculture. These activities and many others had been developed over the previous four years as a result of increased co-operation between FAO and WMO, confinned by the adoption of a resolution by the previous FAO Conference stressing the need for greater collaboration with WMO. This had in tum resulted in the creation of joint projects, seminars and training courses and the active participation of FAO in the recent World Climate Conference.

The -present trend indicated that there would be an increasing demand for agrometeorological information and for dealing with various matters connected with agricultural operations and management. He therefore concluded by expressing the hope that Congress would bear in mind the increasing requirements of agriculture for meteorological information and facilities and wished Congress every success in its work.

4 GENERAL SUMMARY

Mr. S. Dumitrescu, Representative of the Director-General, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Unesco), read a message from the latter conveying the warm regards of Unesco on the occasion of Eighth Congress.

There was fruitful co-operation between the two organizations in the field· of hydrology, which was kept under review by Member States at joint meetings. The United Nations Water Conference had also invited the two organi­zations to work together on specific problems in that same field.

Unesco's activities in the field of the environment and natural· resources were also co-ordinated with those of other organizations of the United Nations system, including, of course, WMO. In particular WMO had provided most valuable assistance in implementing the projects under its Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme. The launching of the World Climate Programme and the continuation of the World Weather Watch Programme, alongside Unesco's research. would promote the study and management of natural resources and the understanding of the various factors in the human environment.

Oceanography was another field in which coRoperation was developing between WMO, Unesco and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), particularly in the context of the World Climate Programme. IOC would continue to work in coRoperation with WMO in many sectors relating to oceanographic research, services and training. In particular, through the lOCI WMO Integrated Global Ocean Stations System (IGOSS), its contribution would relate to the oceanographic elements in the World Climate Pmgramme.

He wished Congress every success and expressed his confidence that coRoperation between Unesco and WMO would continue in order to ensure harmonious implementation of the WMO programme for the period 1980-1983 and the Unesco programmes which are closely related to it.

In his address, Mr. M. F. Taha, President of WMO, said that Congress had the dual task of reviewing the activities of the past four-year period and of taking decisions on the activities to be undertaken in the coming four-year period. As regards the past, the programme established by Seventh Congress had been carried out within the available resources and solid progress had been made in the work of regional associations and technical commissions. He congratulated the presidents of these constituent bodies and the many others who had supported them in working groups or as rapporteurs. From the impressive record of achievement, it seemed to him that some general conclusions could be drawn.

In the first place it could safely be said that there had been a general increase on all sides in the recognition of the relevance of the work of WMO to human society and, in particular, to finding solutions to some of the major world problems of today, such as world food production, water resources and utilization, transportation systems, prediction and mitigation of natural disasters, environ­mental pollution. There was also general recognition that WMO had shown itself to be an efficient and effective body for dealing with these important subjects. The .

GENERAL SUMMARY 5

overall status of and respect for WMO, in the eyes of its Members and of the United Nations and other specialized agencies, had steadily risen. This improved status and recognition had been achieved in spite of unprecedented financial difficulties.

Referring to the programme activities themselves, he felt that the basic programme decisions of Seventh Congress (1975) were sound and that the Executive Committee, the other constituent bodies and the Secretariat all had a record of performance which gave cause for satisfaction and pride. The World Weather Watch had amply confirmed itself as the basic programme of the Organi­zation while the Global Weather Experiment which was in progress was well recognized as an unprecedented scientific endeavour. The Meteorological AppliM cations and Environment Programme had made steady and increasingly important progress. The Technical Co-operation Programme had long since established itself as being essential if developing countries were to play their full role in other WMO programmes. An important element of the Technical COMoperation Programme was of course the Education and Training Programme and here again significant progress had been achieved. In the fields of water resources and operational hydro­logy the record was no less impressive. In all the supporting programmes there was good reason to be satisfied.

He said that in planning for the future there was therefore a good foundation on which to build and the Secretary-General's proposals for the programme and budget gave a sound basis for considering the plans for the future. He considered that the Secretary-Genetal was to be commended for these proposals which were presented with much fuller explanations than ever before and that Congress should examine carefully any move to depart significantly from those proposals. He referred briefly to the programmes and the corresponding supporting activities proposed by the Secretary-General and hoped that Congress would endorse them.

He realized that these proposals would necessitate an increase in the budget but this increase appeared small if the great challenge which faced WMO were to be met adequately.

He concluded by appea1ing to all to bear in mind the great services rendered by WMO to each and every Member country, the interests of which would be best served by having an efficient and effective Organization.

Later, at other plenary meetings, statements were made by represenM tatives of several other international organizations.

Mr. c.'c. Wallen, representative of the United Nations Environment Programme, said that the valuable co-operation between WMO and UNEP was the logical conclusion of the growing realization of the environmental significance of the atmosphere. UNEP had gained from the WMO initiatives aimed at a solution or better understanding of the related problems, such as monitoring of global atmoM spheric pollution and the ozone layer, GARP activities and the Precipitation Enhancement Project. WMO had similarly benefited from UNEP's moral and financial support of its activities. Joint projects had also been of mutual benefit.

6 GENERAL SUMMARY

UNEP had been pleased to provide support for the World Climate Conference and for the preparation of the World Climate Programme to which UNEP attached particular importance. He expressed the hope that the next financial period would see an even further development of co-operation between WMO and UNEP in the many fields of common interest.

Mr. Abbas Ordoobad~ assistant president, International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), conveyed the personal greetings of Mr. Abdel­muhsin M. AI-Sudeary, president of the Fund.

He said that the establishment of the Fund in December 1977 as a specialized agency of the United Nations system represented significant progress in increasing the flow of external resources for agricultural development in developing countries. In the view of IFAD. there were two separate but interrelated aspects to the world food problem. The first was the recurrent threat of famine and food shortage. which was due to fluctuations in production, and the second was related to the chronic hunger and malnutrition of a large segment of the world's population. It was generally recognized that the long-term solution to both of these problems could only come through increased production and improved distribution of food by and within the developing countries themselves. The role of the interna­tional community, through the provision of the necessary external resources for agricultural development and through positive actions in the many related fields such as meteorology, with which WMO had been concerned for so many years, would also be vitally important.

He gave an account of the activities of IFAD and stressed its strong support for Technical Co-operation among Developing Countries (TCDC) and the objective of promoting increased co-operation and self-reliance among developing countries.

He concluded by saying that IFAD looked forward very much to co-operating with WM 0 in the coming years.

Mr. P. Malekou, Director-General of the Agency for Air Safety in Africa and Madagascar (ASECNA), expressed gratitude on behalf of ASECNA for having been invited as an observer at a WMO Congress for the first time. He gave a brief history of ASECNA and its activities since its beginning in 1959 and said that it had been awarded the Edward Warner Prize in 1972 for its aeronautical services. He referred to the conclusion of a formal working arrangement between ASECNA and WMO and said that in co-operation with WMO, ASECNA undertook bilateral assistance projects and participated in experiments such as GATE and WAMEX. Its purpose was, however, in no way to take the place of the meteorological authorities of its members but rather to help them to implement WMO programmes. such as WWW. He expressed the hope that the fruitful co-operation between ASECNA and WMO would continue and expand.

Mr. K. Naguib, president of the World Aerospace Education Organi­zation (W AEO) said that, as representative of one of the newest international organizations, he felt particularly privileged to attend the WMO Congress. WAEO

GENERAL SUMMARY 7

wished to establish co-operation with other international organizations such as WMO and measures to this end would be taken after the first World Conference for Aerospace Education, due to be held in October 1979.

1.2

delegations:

committee.

1.3

report.

1.4

Establishment of a Credentials Committee (Agenda item 1.2)

Congress set up a Credentials Committee, composed of the following

Regional Association I: Ghana, Tunisia, Upper Volta Regional Association II: Pakistan, Sri Lanka Regional Association III: Venezuela Regional Association IV: United States of America Regional Association V: Australia Regional Association VI: Finland, Italy, Poland

Professor L. A. Vuorela (Finland) was elected chairman of the

Approval of the agenda (Agenda item 1.3)

Congress approved the agenda given at the beginning of this

Establishment of committees (Agenda item 1.4)

The following committees were set up:

Nomination Committee (chairman: Mr. Ho Tong Yuen)

In accordance with the provision of Regulations 24 and 25 of the General Regulations, the Committee was composed of the principal delegates of the· following twelve Members:

Regional Association I: Kenya, Niger, Sudan Regional Association II: Saudi Arabia, Thailand Regional Association Ill: Ecuador Regional Association IV: Barbados, Mexico Regional Association V: Malaysia Regional Association VI: Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia

Working Cammillee A (chairman: Professor E. Lingelbach)

Agenda items: 2.1, 2.3, 2.4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4,4.5, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6, 7.1, 7.2,7.3,7.4, 8,9.1,9.2,9.3,9.4, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4.

This committee reported to Congress on all these agenda items.

8 GENERAL SUMMARY

Working Committee B (chainnan: Mr. C. A. Abayomi)

Agenda items: 2.1,2.2,3.1,3.2,3.3,3.4,3.5,9.

This committee reported to Congress on all these agenda items with the exception of agenda item 2.1.

1.5 Report of the Credentials Committee (Agenda item 1.5)

The Credentials Committee submitted five reports concerning the credentials of the delegates of Members, the representative of a non-Member country and those of international organizations. These reports were approved by Congress.

1.6 Approval of the Minutes (Agenda item 1.5)

The Minutes of the first five plenary meetings were approved during the session. Congress decided to approve by correspondence the Minutes of the other plenary meetings.

2. Reports (Agenda item 2)

2.1 Report by the President of the Organization (Agenda item 2.1)

2.1.1 Congress noted with appreciation the report by the President of the Organization and in particular the comprehensive infonnation it contained on the progress made in the activities of the Organization during the seventh financial period. Those questions in the President's report which called for special action by Congress were considered under the appropriate items of the agenda. Congress further noted with satisfaction the action taken by the President on behalf of the Executive Committee since the thirtieth session of the Committee.

2.1.2 Congress noted that the contract of the Secretary-General would terminate on 31 December 1979. Tributes were paid to the outstanding services which Dr. Davies had rendered to WMO, to the science and practice of meteoro­logy and to international co-operation and understanding in holding that office for over 24 years. Congress decided that it would be appropriate to express its gratitude and appreciation by according him the honorary title of "Secretary-General Emeritus". This title carries no obligations on the part of Dr. Davies or of the Organization. Congress accordingly adopted Resolution I(Cg-VIII).

2.2 Reports by the presidents of technical commissions (Agenda item 2.2)

G6N6RAL SUMMARY 9

2.2.1 Congress noted with appreciation the reports submitted by the presidents of technical commissions. Specific proposals made in these reports were considered tinder the relevant items of the agenda.

Co-ordination of WMO programmes

2.2.2 When considering the reports of the presidents of technical commlSSlons, Congress agreed that there was an immediate need for better co­ordination of the various programmes and activities of the technical commissions, regional associations and other WMO technical bodies (e.g. panels) as well as the support by the Secretariat. A specific need for co-ordination of the various components of the World Climate Programme was stressed by Congress (see agenda item 3.4).

2.2.3 Accordingly, Congress invited the Executive Committee to consider, as an interim measure during the next financial period, the establishment of a Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee composed of presidents of the eight technical commissions and an appropriate number of members of the Executive Committee (representing regional interests), including one of the vice-presidents of the Committee, who would act as chairman. The Executive Committee might wish to give the above committee terms of reference along the following lines:

(a) Co-ordinate, as necessary. plans for current programmes under the direction of the technical commissions and other WMO technica~ bodies in order to eliminate overlap of functions;

(b) Assess the usefulness to the Organization of results given in reports of scientific meetings held under scientific programmes of the Organization, as required;

(c) Make recommendations to the Executive Committee on further planning and co-ordination of the WMO scientific and technical programmes;

(d) Formulate proposals for technical and scientific programmes for the next financial period.

Meetings of this committee should be arranged at the discretion of the Executive Committee.

Review of the scientific and technical structure of WMO

2.2.4 Recalling the decisions of Sixth Congress on the scientific and technical structure of the Organization, Congress felt that there was a need for conducting a detailed study of the structure and operation of the Organization. This study should involve an in-depth review of the overall policy of the Organization concerning its scientific programmes, the work and terms of reference of the technical commissions, regional associations and other scientific bodies. The study should also include a review of the structure of the Secretariat and the financial

\0 GENERAL SUMMARY

implications of the proposed changes in the organization of the technical and scientific work of WMO. Congress therefore requested the Executive Committee to establish a panel of experts for this purpose. Resolution 2(Cg-VIII) was adopted.

2.3 Financial report by the Secretary-General (Agenda item 2.3)

2.3.1 The overall financial situation of the Organization was examined and Congress acknowledged the major financial difficulties confronting the Organi­zation as well as the Members during the seventh financial period.

2.3.2 Congress noted with satisfaction the payment by some Members of their respective long-overdue contributions. It nevertheless also noted with much concern the serious situation arising from arrears in payment of contributions due from a number of other Members. Considering the magnitude of the problem arising from the late payment of contributions, Congress decided to replace Resolution 6(Cg-III) by Resolution 3(Cg-VIII), which restates the intent of the previous resolution and rectifies an omission in that resolution.

2.3.3 Congress reviewed the administration of the Publications Fund during the seventh financial period and decided that no changes should be made in the method of financing the publications programme for the next financial period. In fulfilment of the requirements of Article 9.9 of the Financial Regulations, it was also decided that the surplus standing to the credit of the fund at the end of the seventh financial period should be carried forward in the fund to the eighth financial period.

2.3.4 Congress decided that any surplus which might be available in the General Fund at the end of the seventh financial period should be distributed to the Members, in accordance with the decision taken at its previous session.

2.3.5 Congress was informed of the serious effects which the appreciation of the Swiss franc and some other currencies vis-a.-vis the US doBar occurring throughout the current financial period had had on the remuneration of the staff in the Professional and higher categories. In particular, the operation of the post adjustment system had resulted in too large a proportion of that remuneration not being pensionable, with the consequence that the level of pension which a staff member in that category was entitled to receive upon retirement no longer bore any reasonable relationship with the level of income at the end of his service.

2.3.6 Considering this serious anomaly in the present system of remu­neration of the staff in the Professional category and above, Congress noted that this matter had not escaped the attention of the General Assembly of the United Nations and decided to join the invitation made by the latter to the International Civil Service Commission to examine, as a matter of priority, the question of

GENERAL SUMMARY II

pensionable remuneration with a view to preparing, in co-operation with the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board, proposals to be submitted to the next session of the General Assembly for correcting these anomalies.

2.4 Consolidated report on amendments to Technical Regulations (Agenda item 2.4)

2.4.1 Congress noted with satisfaction the work carried out by the technical com.missions in keeping under review the Technical Regulations in their respective fields of responsibility. Six of the technical commissions had made proposals for amendments to either Volume I or Volume III of the Technical Regulations. Congress also noted with satisfaction the work on the major amendments to Volume II of the Technical Regulations (Chapter C.3) being carried out by the Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology in collaboration with the International Civil Aviation Organization.

2.4.2 Congress carefully examined all the amendments to the Technical Regulations proposed by technical commissions and referred to it by the Executive Committee or by the President of the Organization on behalf of the Executive Committee: the comments made during Congress by delegates and presidents of technical commissions were taken into account. As a result, a text for the amendments to Volumes I and III was proposed and Resolution 4(Cg-VIII) was adopted.

2.4.3 In reviewing the proposals for amendments to the Technical Regulations, Congress noted that all requests for amendments and studies made by Seventh Congress had been the subject of action on the part of technical commissions and the Executive Committee and that specific proposals for amendments to Technical Regulations had been developed.

2.4.4 Congress considered the proposals by the Commission for Basic Systems to include definitions of certain tenns in the Technical Regulations. It noted that some of those terms did not appear in the text of Technical Regulations but only in the annexes, namely Annex IV - Manual on the GDPS, and Annex V - the draft of the Manual on the GOS. Congress agreed to include in the Technical Regulations only those definitions of terms appearing in the text of the Technical Regulations. In this respect, Congress requested the technical commissions concerned to review the respective definitions in Volumes I and III with a view to eHminating definitions of terms not appearing in the text and transferring them, as appropriate, to the relevant annexes to the Technical Regulations.

2.4.5 Congress considered the definition of "surface-based sub-system" of the GOS proposed by the Commission for Basic Systems for inclusion in the Technical Regulations. In view of the new WWWplan adopted by Congress for the period 1980-1983, Congress agreed to request CBS to reconsider the definition of

12 GENERAL SUMMARY

"surface-based sub-system" with a view to ensuring consistency between the WWW plan adopted for the period 1980-1983, the Technical Regulations and the draft Annex V as regards the composition of this sub-system and the definitions of the various elements of the sub-system. Congress authorized the Executive Committee to approve, on its behalf, Annex V to the Technical Regulations (Manual on the GaS) and the subsequent changes in the Technical Regulations.

2.4.6 Congress noted that there were some proposals for changes in the Technical Regulations, Chapter C.1, which were, in general, acceptable. It also noted the efforts of the Commission for Marine Meteorology (CMM) to prepare a Manual on Man"ne Meteorological Services and that CMM had not yet adopted the manual. Therefore, Congress decided that the revision to this chapter should be done after finalization of the Manual on Marine Meteorological Services. Congress authorized the Executive Committee to approve the manual on its behalf, as well as the subsequent changes to the Technical Regulations.

2.4.7 Congress noted that the seventh session of the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology would not take place until September 1979 and that no recommendations could therefore be made to Eighth Congress. As CAgM-VII may recommend amendments to Technical Regulations, Congress authorized the Executive Committee to approve those amendments on its behalf.

2.4.8 Congress noted the apparent need, over the past years, for inclusion in the Technical Regulations of material concerned with training. It noted that no single technical commission was responsible for this subject; consequently, proposals had been drafted by the EC Panel of Experts on Meteorological Education and Training. Those proposals had been considered by EC-XXVII and it was agreed that they should be circulated to Members for comment and passed to Eighth Congress for consideration. According to the basic principle laid down by Sixth Congress and followed by Seventh Congress that the different sections of the Technical Regulations should accord with the major WMO programmes, Congress approved, with minor amendments, the proposals for Technical Regulations on training to be included in the Technical Regulations as Section E - Education and Training.

2.4.9 In approving the amendments to Volume III - Hydrology, which included the first section of the annex to Volume III, Congress noted that the annex was of an operational nature. The other sections of the annex will also be based on the existing international standards, such as those of ISO, and will contain all nece~sary practices and procedures to support the appropriate Technical Regulations of Volume III, in particu"lar where they are related to Instruments and methods of measurement. Congress approved the recommendation of CHy, endorsed by the Executive Committee, delegat.ing authority to the Executive Committee to approve subsequent amendments and additions to this annex, in order to pennit its updating at more frequent intervals than every four years, in the same way as is already practised for adopting amendments to the existing annexes to Volume I of the Technical Regulations. .

G6NERAL SUMMARY 13

2.4.10 Congress considered the question of whether there was a need for an overall review of the layout of the Technical Regulations in view of the various manuals that had been prepared during the last few years. In this respect, Congress reaffirmed the decisions of Sixth and Seventh Congresses that there was a need for consolidating the regulatory material for both global and regional aspects in appropriate WMO publications. It noted with appreciation that, in accordance with these decisions, the development of manuals as annexes to the Technical Regulations had proved to be of practical value. Congress noted that the changes in the Technical Regulations arising from the decisions of Congress on the technical programmes of WMO for the eighth financial period could be accommodated in the existing layout without undue difficulty. Therefore, Congress decided that there was no neeq, at present, for a change in the layout and presentation of the Technical Regulations.

3. Scientific and technical programmes (Agenda item 3)

3.1 World Weather Watch Programme (Agenda item 3.1)

3.1.1 Status of implementation of the World Weather Watch plan and monitoring of the operation (Agenda item 3.1.1)

3.1.1.1 Congress noted with appreciation the documents submitted by the Secretary-General on the status of the implementation of the WWW plan and monitoring of the operation of the WWW. These documents contained an exhaustive report regarding the progress achieved during the last four years and also included the tenth status report on the implementation of the WWW, as well as the results of the monitoring of the operation carried out in 1977-1978. Congress also noted that, although some progress had been made in the overall implemen­tation of the WWW.this progress had not been as fast as expected, due mainly to economic difficulties.

3.1.1.2 Congress emphasized that the WWW is the basic WMO programme, which supports other WMO programmes as well as other international programmes established jointly by WMO and other organizations.

3.1.1.3 Congress reaffirmed that the monitoring of the operation of the WWW is an essential part of the WWW plan. Its main purpose continues to be t9 increase the efficiency of the operation of the three basic systems of the WWW, namely the GOS, GDPS and GTS. Congress noted that, since Seventh Congress, the internationally co-ordinated monitoring of the operation of the WWW had been carried out and that'the results of these monitoring activities had been summarized and communicated to the Members concerned in order to enable immediate remedial action to be taken for eliminating the deficiencies revealed by the monitoring. Congress was of the opinion that the real value of a monitoring programme resulted from effective feedback of information on deficiencies to Members and organizations responsible. It expressed the hope that benefits of the

14 GENERAL SUMMARY

WMO monitoring programme would assist national Services, particularly in developing countries.

3.1.1.4 Members from developing countries expressed the need, particularly in the areas of basic training, for all classes of meteorological personnel, as well as for specialized training in the maintenance and operation of observing and telecom­munications equipment (see also agenda item 6). Congress felt that increased parti­cipation of donors in the WMO Voluntary Assistance ProgrammefVoluntary Co­operation Programme (V APfVCP) and bilateral/multilateral co-operation and assistance programmes was necessary to further the implementation of the WWW, in particular to replace obsolete equipment, purchase and install new equipment and furnish spare parts and expendables in support of essential WWWfacilities.

3.1.1.5 Congress noted with concern that deficiencies still existed in the implementation and operation of the WWW. However, it noted with satisfaction that the Secretary-General had prepared, in accordance with Resolution 3(EC-XXX), a detailed report on the specific current problems in the implemen­tation and operation of the WWW in each Region and proposed remedial action to improve the situation._ Congress considered that the proposed remedial action, if implemented, would be adequate. It invited Members to continue to spare no effort to implement fully the plans of the WWW and to take the necessary remedial action to achieve efficient and effective operation.

3.1.1.6 Congress took note of Recommendation 18(CBS-VII) - Implemen­tation of the World Weather Watch, which set forth recommendations to the Executive Committee for further implementation and improvement of the operation of the WWW.Itinvited the Executive Committee, when considering this recommendation, to establish a mechanism for promoting vigorous action to remedy the deficiencies, identified through the monitoring, in the implementation and operation of the WWW.

3.1.1.7 Activities o/the Commission/or Basic Systems

3.1.1.7.1 Congress noted with great appreciation the report of the president of the Commission for Basic Systems. It also noted with satisfaction that the Commission for Basic Systems continued to play a very important role in the further development and implementation of the World Weather Watch. It also noted the work programme established by the seventh session of the Commission. Congress endorsed, in particular, the proposed integrated system study of the World Weather Watch. During the review of other items of the work programme, a number of views were expressed with respect to the priorities to be allocated to the various major tasks enumerated in the report of the seventh session of CBS.

3.1.2 Future World Weather Watch plan (Agenda item 3.1.2) WWWpianJor1980-1983

3.1.2.1 Congress considered the draft WWWplan for 1980-1983, submitted by the President of WMO on behalf of the Execuiive Committee, at the request of

GENERAL SUMMARY 15

Seventh Congress. Congress noted that EC-XXX had considered the first draft of the plan, prepared by the Secretary-General, and had made some important points which were taken into account in a second revised draft which, together with specific guidelines given by EC-XXX, had been submitted to CBS-VII with a view to preparing the final text of the draft WWW plan for the period 1980-1983, to be considered by Eighth· Congress. It also noted that certain information included in the former plan had not been retained in the draft WWWplan for 1980-1983 as the regulatory material relating to the WWW had been fully incorporated in the Technical Regulations, in particular in its annexes, namely, the Manual on the GOS (adopted by CBS-VII and under preparation), the Manual on the GDPS (WMO­No. 485) and the Manual on the GTS (WMO - No. 386).

3. J .2.2 Congress noted that the main objectives of the changes made in the new draft plan were threefold:

(a) To adapt the system to changing requirements; (b) To incorporate new technological advances; (c) To introduce more realistic implementation methods and procedures.

Congress also noted that, while no change in the purpose and objective of the WWWwas required, it was considered necessary to enlarge and more clearly define the relationship between the WWW and other WMO programmes as well as programmes carried out jointly with other international organizations.

3.1.2.3 As regards the GOS, Congress noted that recent developments had made it necessary to review and clarify the basic purpose of the GOS. It noted that the changes in the new draft plan referred mainly to an updating of the GOS by the inclusion of new elements in the surface-based sub-system. These were, in particular, ozone stations, stations for measurement in the planetary boundary layer, and climatological and agricultural meteorological stations. Furthermore, the new draft plan ensured full integration of satellites in the space-based sub-system of the GOS. As a guideline for Members in implementing the surface-based sub­system, Congress felt that priorities should be identified for the different types of observation covered by the plan; Congress therefore agreed to split the surface~ based sub-system into main and other elements.

3.1.2.4 As regards the GDPS, Congress noted that the only substantial changes proposed were that, at the request of the seventh session of RA I, the RMC Pretoria had been replaced by two new RMCs located in Lagos (Nigeria) and

. Tananarive (Madagascar), and that the additional RMC Peking (China) was also proposed. Congress decided to include the three proposed RMCs in the WWW plan (1980-1983). Congress also noted that additional provisions were included in the new draft plan to strengthen the real-time functions which should be provided by WMCs, RMCs and NMCs. Special emphasis was placed on the need for archiving and retrieval of data by WWW centres. Congress also noted that basic processing activities in respect of climatological data needed to be clearly defined in the WWW plan and that appropriate amendments had therefore been inserted in the GDPS part.

16 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.1.2.5 In respect of the GTS part of the new draft plan, Congress noted that the purposes of the GTS were more clearly defined and that the GTS, to the extent feasible, should provide telecommunication support to all WMO programmes. Congress also noted that the telecommunication capabilities of meteorological satellites were, as far as possible, integrated in the GTS, in particular the data collection and information distribution features. Congress further noted that CBS, as a result of two proposals from RA I and RA III, had included in the new draft plan two new branches in the configuration of the Main Trunk Circuit, namely Algiers/Paris and Buenos AiresfWashington, subject to acceptance by Members concerned. In this respect, Congress was informed by the delegate of Algeria that his country did not wish to pursue the upgrading of this circuit. Therefore Congress agreed to include in the GTS part of the WWWplan 1980-1983 a new branch of the Main Trunk Circuit, Buenos AiresjWashington, on the understanding that this decision should not in any way imp-ede the implementation of circuits included in the regional meteorological telecommunication plan for Region III, a matter which Congress encouraged and which should be given high priority by the Members concerned.

3.1.2.6 Congress noted that two new parts had been added to the plan, one dealing with the monitoring of the operation of the WWW and the other with the implementation of the WWW. The monitoring part sets forth the basic principles of the scheme formerly proposed by Seventh Congress and the "Plan for monitoring the operation of the WWW" developed by CBS, approved by the Executive Committee and published in the appropriate WMO manuals. Congress was of the firm opinion that this part should be maintained in the WWW plan for 1980-1983 as the monitoring is absolutely essential for the efficient operation of the World Weather Watch.

3.1.2.7 As regards the second new part in the draft plan, dealing with imple­mentation aspects, Congress felt that it was desirable to maintain this part in the plan, giving a minimum implementation programme for the period 1980-1983 in order to provide more guidance to Members and the Secretary-General on priorities for furthering the World Weather Watch.

3.1.2.8 Congress noted the dependence of Members on the basic WWW system for the prediction and warning of tropical cyclones. It therefore agreed to include a paragraph in the WWW plan for the period 1980-1983, stressing the close relationship between WWW and the .Tropical Cyclone Programme.

3.1.2.9 Congress adopted the amended WWW plan for 1980-1983 and recorded its decisions in Resolution 5(Cg-VIII). The Secretary-General was requested to publish the plan after the necessary final editing to ensure, in particular, consistency with the WMO Technical Regulations.

3.1.2.10 In adopting the WWWplan for 1980-1983, Congress agreed that the WWW Programme was the basic programme of the Organization in that it provided support for all the other activities in the field of applications and research. It was felt, therefore, that all possible efforts should be made to implement the

GENERAL SUMMARY 17

WWW plan as early as possible. In this respect, Congress invited Members to continue the technical assistance and co-operation programmes on bilateral and multilateral levels, as well as through the Voluntary Assistance Programme, which was cons~dered to be the most appropriate assistance programme for the implemen­tation of the WWW.andthroughotherassistanceandco-operationprogrammes.It once more emphasized the utmost importance of the appropriate training of personnel of all categories for the different activities of WWW to ensure the efficient operation of the World Weather Watch.

3.1.2.11 Congress also considered the further planning of the WWW. It fully agreed to a proposal by CBS for an integrated system study comprising all elements of the WWW. In this study, the WWW will have to be considered as a fully integrated system and the study should take into consideration new technology as well as the ability of Members to implement and maintain facilities and services and Congress further agreed that the first phase of the study should be completed as soon as possible.

3.1.2.12 Congress was of the opinion that, while many useful conclusions would be drawn from the results of the long·term post-FGGE research, as the field phase of FGGE will end in November 1979, valuable momentum might be lost if a quick advantage were not taken of some of the experience gained during FGGE for the improvement of the operation of the WWW. Therefore Congress requested the Executive Committee to take certain measures for early improvement of the WWW, including an early evaluation of new technology employed during the FGGE, in consultation, as appropriate, with other organizations concerned, e.g. with ICAO in respect of ASDAR. Congress adopted Resolution 6(Cg-VIII).

3.1.2.13 Furthennore, Congress expressed its appreciation to the Members who had voluntarily financed the various new technological developments used during the FGGE and urged them to continue, to the maximum extent possible, the financing of all operational activities, in particular the continuation of the operation of meteorological satellites, in order to ensure continuous improvement in the operation of the World Weather Watch.

3.1.2.14 Units of wind speed

Congress noted Resolution 30(Cg-V) and considered at some length a proposal to introduce metres per second as the unit of wind speed in meteoro­logical messages intended for international exchange. It was also proposed that this unit be introduced at the same time as the new common code for reporting data from various surface stations comes into force; the date of implementation is to be approved by the thirty-first session of the Executive Committee. In this connexion, Congress was informed that the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organi­zation had adopted the unit kilometres per hour as the primary unit for aircraft speed and wind speed for use in all aspects of air and ground operations as from 26 November 1981, with either kilometres per hour or knots being permitted for use in such operations until at least 31 December 1990. During the discussion which followed, it became evident that some Members supported the sole use of the unit

18 GENERAL SUMMARY

metres per second as adopted by Congress (Resolution 30(Cg-V)) and as a more consistent and scientifically sound procedure. Still other Members favoured the leAO decision for use of kilometres per hour, since this unit was required by a major operational user of meteorological data These Members also generally favoured I January 1991 for the introduction of the unit kilometres per hour. However, there was general agreement that a single unit was desirable to avoid confusion and serious errors in internationally exchanged meteorological obser­vations. Therefore Congress requested the Executive Committee to continue its study of this matter and the Secretary-General to arrange for further consultations with the technical commissions concerned (e.g. CAeM, CMM and CBS) and with leAO and the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization - which was still considering the question of wind-speed units - in order to reach agreement on a single unit of wind speed for use in meteorological messages intended for international exchange, before the date adopted by ICAO for intro­duction of the unit kilometres per hour, i.e. 26 November 1981.·

3.1.2.15 Units of pressure

Congress was informed that leAO had proposed to terminate the use of the unit bar for atmospheric pressure in all aspects of air and ground operations and to replace it by the hectopascal, which is numerically equivalent to the millibar. ICAO has selected 31 December 1985 as a planning date for termination of the use of the unit bar, but a body of experts will be established to develop detailed plans and a definite termination date. Congress was informed that WMO would be invited to participate in the work of this body. In this connexion, Congress recalled its decision taken at its seventh session not to recommend replacement of the unit bar by the unit pascal for the time being (paragraph 3.2.1.7, general summary, abridged final report of Seventh Congress). Congress therefore re-examined this decision and agreed that the use of the unit hectopascai for atmospheric pressure would be consistent with the use of SI units. Accordingly, Congress adopted Resolution 7(Cg-VIII).

3.1.3 Tropical cyclones (Agenda item 3.1.3)

3.1.3.1 Under this agenda item Congress reviewed the action taken in response to the decisions of Seventh Congress on the WMO Tropical Cyclone Project (TCP). It also examined proposals submitted by the Secretary-General for an expansion of these activities in the period 1980-1983.

3.1.3.2 In its review of the work carried out, Congress noted with satisfaction that despite limited resources which had inhibited progress in some respects many worth-while activities had been performed under both the global and the regional components of the project. The view was expressed that the implementation of the sub-projects under the global component had been efficient and extremely cost­effective. Under the regional component the activities had been principally those conducted by the four regional cyclone bodies, i.e. the ESCAP{WMO Typhoon Committee, the WMOjESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones for the Bay of Bengal

GENERAL SUMMARY 19

and the Arabian Sea, the RA I Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South-West Indian Ocean, and the RA IV Hurricane Committee which had been established in 1977 by the seventh session of that Association. Congress considered that the programmes being conducted by these bodies had resulted in important achievements. especially in the upgrading of observing and telecommunication facilities. which formed the basis of the tropical cyclone forecasting and warning system.

3.1.3.3 Congress considered that the programme was of great importance to many Members of WMO and that its economic and humanitarian impact was felt by many millions of people in the areas afflicted by tropical cyclones. It was the unanimous view that it was essential to strengthen and intensify the programme in the years ahead and that WMO should co~ordinate these activities. Some Members were of the opinion that expert missions to advise and guide countries in improving their capability to combat the effects of tropical cyclones were preferable to too many meetings. It was however recognized that the annual meetings held by the majority of the regional cyclone bodies were vital if the programmes being carried out by these bodies were to be kept under review and the optimum use made of the available resources. The Secretary~General was requested to take these views into account in providing support to the Members participating in the TCP.

3.1.3.4 Reference was also made to the importance of improving methods of quantitative storm-surge prediction. In this context attention should be given to encouraging the development of expertise in the developing countries where storm surges were responsible for very heavy loss of life and crippling economic damage. It was noted that the proposed programme made provision for this problem to be given priority under both the general and the regional components. Some of these activities should be carried out in co-operation with the WMO/IOC IGOSS programme as appropriate.

3.1.3.5 The importance of aerial reconnaissance as a means of improving understanding of tropical cyclones was also stressed. It was felt that there was a need for the setting up of a reconnaissance facility under the aegis of an interna­tional organization. in consultation with Members concerned. that would be available to operate in the different tropical cyclone areas. The Secretary-General was requested to investigate the feasibility of setting up such a facility in consul­tation with interested Members and with support from UNDP and other sources.

3.1.3.6 As regards research aspects of the TCP, reference was made to the WMO programme on research in tropical meteorology. which includes specific projects relating to tropical cyclones as part of its major components. These activities are closely related and may provide useful inputs to the TCP.

3.1.3.7 In its consideration of the proposed implementation programme for the TCP in 1980-1983. Congress noted that certain activities relating to disaster preparedness and the effects of tropical cyclones on the population might best be performed by organizations other than WMO having special experience and

20 GENERAL SUMMARY

expertise in these matters. However, because of the evident close relationship of the meteorological and hydrological aspects of the warning system and the subsequent action that must be taken to protect people and property, it was felt that provision must be made within the framework of the TCP for WMO to continue to collaborate closely with organizations such as UNDRO and LRCS, which might be expected to playa leading role in those parts of the programme.

3.1.3.8 Congress also felt that if the objectives of the TCP were to be attained, a considerable increase in the total resources made available in the period

.1980-1983 was essential. It therefore endorsed an approach based on the following basic principles:

(a) That Members affected by tropical cyclones be requested to increase substan­tially the proportion of their national resources devoted to measures aimed at improving the protective system in their countries; in addition, they should give ·high priority to the use of external aid funding (such as UNDP resources available for country programmes) for this purpose;

(b) That UNDP be requested to continue and extend the valuable support it has provided to countries or groups of countries participating in the TCP;

(e) That UNEP and UNDRO be requested to increase the limited support so far provided to the TCP, declaring the extent to which they are ready to commit themselves in the period 1980-1983;

(d) That Members providing support through VAP be requested to earmark a proportion of that support, in cash or in kind, to projects forming part of the TCP;

(e) That Members providing aid bilaterally or multilaterally be requested to increase the scope of such aid to cyclone-prone countries through the supply of equipment, expert or consultant services and fellowships;

(f) That the Secretary-General be authorized to investigate all other potential sources of international or national aid for the TCP.

3.1.3.9 It further considered that the rate of progress achieved in the imple­mentation of the TCP would depend essentially on the resources devoted to it. A significant -effort would be required by Members and by the organizations supporting the programme. Reference was also made to the importance attached to the TCP by the United Nations General Assembly in a series of resolutions addressed to WMO, as well as the requests made at sessions of the regional cyclone bodies. Congress accordingly adopted Resolution 8(Cg-VIII) and its annexed implementation programme for 1980-1983.

3.1.3.10 In this connexion, Congress also recognized that, in some areas, tropical cyclones have beneficial as well as adverse effects in that they provide precipitation essential for agriculture and other uses. It was therefore felt that this fact should also be taken into consideration within the Tropical Cyclone Programme.

3.1.3.11 Congress was informed of the plans of the Typhoon Committee for the conduct of a Typhoon Operational Experiment (TOPEX) in the Western Pacific

GENERAL SUMMARY 21

through documents submitted by Japan and other members of the committee. The objective of the experiment would be to carry out, through international co­operation in the prompt and reliable collection and exchange of observational data, an operational test of the functioning of the various systems used for typhoon analysis, forecasting and warning. The experiment would be carried out on actual typhoons through all stages of detection and tracking and would be effected on three levels:

(a) The core experiment, based on an intensified network of observations around the typhoon with real-time integrated analysis, forecasting and warning;

(b) The sub-experiment, aimed at obtaining details of the three-dimensional structure of the typhoon, the mechanism of generation and its development and decay ~ and

(c) National activities, carried out by participating Members, such as those relating in particular to the hydrological aspects of the experiment.

3.1.3.12 It was noted that a Preparatory Meeting on the Typhoon Operational Experiment would be hosted by Japan at Tokyo in early July 1979 to plan the further organization and conduct of the experiment. Congress expressed its deep interest in the experiment and commended the members of the Typhoon Committee for their initiative in undertaking this work. It was agreed that TOPEX would be carried out as part of the Typhoon Committee's programme and as a SUb-project of the Tropical Cyc10ne Programme. Congress adopted Resolution 9(Cg-VIII) on this subject.

3.1.3.13 Finally, in view of the past work successfully accomplished, Congress was of the opinion that the TCP should continue to be conducted in close association with the WWW programme, which provided the basic facilities for the meteorological forecasting and warning system, and the HWR programme, for those parts concerning hydrological forecasting, appropriate liaison being maintained with the other WMO programmes concerned. For this reason it considered that the present arrangements for the servicing of the TCP within the Secretariat should continue.

3.1.4 Other related activities (Agenda item 3.1.4) WMO's satellite activities

3.1.4.1 Congress noted with satisfaction the document submitted by the Secretary-General providing information on the satellite activities within WMO in response to the requests of Seventh Congress in Resolution 8(Cg-VII). It was recognized that, since 1975, satellites had played a far greater role in WMO programmes than had been anticipated by Seventh Congress.

3.1.4.2 Congress expressed its appreciation to the Members actively engaged in operational satellite programmes and noted with satisfaction the following events and activities since the previous Congress:

22 GENERAL SUMMARY

(a) Successful launching and operation of geostationary meteorological satellites by the European Space Agency, Japan and the U.S.A., and of improved near­polar orbiting satellites by the U.S.A. (TIROS-N type) and by the U.S.S.R. (METEOR-2 type);

(b) Further expansion of the ground segments for satellites; 220 APT stations are being operated by Meteorological and Hydrological Services, a large number of which have also been equipped for WEFAX reception. In addition to stations capable of receiving analogue signals from satellites, a number of stations capable of receiving and processing digital signals are already in operation or may become operational soon;

(c) Use of data collection and location determination capabilities of polar­orbiting satellites of the TIROS-N type for various types of platform, in particular in support ofthe FGGE Special Observing Systems, namely drifting buoys and balloons. The data-collection capability of geostationary satellites has been used for the collection of in situ observations for various types of observing station on land, ship and aircraft;

(d) Increased use of satellite data for various WMO programmes; since satellite sensors and data systems are, in general, designed to provide information in support of a variety of activities and programmes, arrangements have been made to use data obtained from research and various types of environmental satellite (LANDSAT, SEASAT, etc.) for different WMO application programmes, in addition to those operationally available from the meteoro­logical satellites listed in (a) above;

(e) A substantial information activities programme (e.g. WMO publications) for promoting the use of satellite data within WMO programmes;

(f) Assistance and support to developing countries under the various assistance programmes, in particular YAP and UNDP, provision of direct readout -facilities, especially APTfWEFAX equipment, and organization of training seminars.

3.1.4.3 It was noted with satisfaction that during the seventh financial period many countries had further developed their satellite-related activities. However, some Members, particularly those from tropical areas, still felt the need for a concentrated effort towards monitoring of monsoons by means of satellites. It was also felt that greater emphasis should be given to the distribution of technical infor­mation regarding on-board instruments and reception of quantitative data from satellites.

3.1.4.4 Realizing the paramount importance of the collection of data by satellites from ocean areas in the southern hemisphere after the FGGE period, Congress urged the satellite operators and individual Members to consider ways and means to continue the development and use of drifting buoys in operational programmes such as WWW and IGOSS (see agenda items 3.2.2 and 3.2.3). The Executive Committee was requested to study carefully all the technical and financial aspects involved (see agenda item 3.1.2 and Resolution 6(Cg-VIII).

GENERAL SUMMARY 23

3.1.4.5 Congress noted with approval the action taken by the Executive Committee and its Panel of Experts on Satellites in response to the request of Seventh Congress. In particular, Congress noted with much interest the WWW Planning Report No. 36 - The role of satellites in WMO programmes in the 1980s, prepared by Mr: D. S. Johnson (U.S.A.) and Dr. l. P. Vetlov (U.S.S.R.), which provides infonnation on the current status of development of satellite technology and gives an assessment of future trends in the field of environmental and meteoro­logical satellites and applications. It was agreed to urge Members to take this report into account in the development of long-range national plans in the field of meteorological and environmental satellites. Furthermore, Congress also requested regional associations and technical commissions to take this report into account in developing plans for satel1ite applications, as well as in formulating meaningful satellite data requirements for various WMO programmes. Congress therefore requested the Executive Committee to arrange for a continuous review and updating, as necessary, of WWW Planning Report No. 36, with a view to keeping pace with developments in satellite-related activities.

3.1.4.6 Congress endorsed the approach elaborated by the Executive Committee concerning the co-ordination of WMO satellite-related activities within WMO. It confirmed that the following steps would have to be taken separately under the respective WMO programmes:

(a) Statement of requirements for satellite data and information, and its subsequent transmission to satellite operators to assist them in planning satellite systems, to permit the objectives of the WMO programme concerned to be reached;

(b) Evaluation of the technical and economical feasibility for receiving (directly or through the GTS) satellite data for use in the WMO programmes concerned;

(c) Evaluation of necessary capabilities of users for processing satellite data to meet their requirements;

(d) Arrangements for making available appropriate satellite data and information to Members implementing the WMO programme;

(e) Promotion of the utilization of satellite data in the various WMO programmes.

Congress urged technical commISSIOns to complete their statements of requirements for sateliite data as soon as possi-bIe, so that the actions listed under (b) and (e) could be taken.

3.1.4.7 Congress noted with satisfaction the action taken by the Executive Committee, in consultation with CBS, for the preparation of the text for the draft WWW plan for 1980-1983 on the space-based sub-system of the GOS and associated implementation of a minimum meteorological satellite system (see agenda item 3.1.2).

3.1.4.8 Congress encouraged the arrangements within WMO for dealing with and co-ordinating satellite-related matters and requested the Executive

24 GENERAL SUMMARY

Committee to continue its role as the co~ordinating body on satellite matters, through the EC Panel of Experts on Satellites in which, at the discretion of the Executive Committee, satellite experts and experts representing application aspects and/or satellite data user communities may participate. It also agreed to the full participation of WMO in the activities of the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space and its subcommittees and other organizations dealing with satellite matters, in particular CaSPAR and the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). It was felt that active participation in the meetings on Co-ordination of Geostationary Meteorological Satellites (CGMS) should be continued.

3.1.4.9 Congress gave high priority to the WMO Regional Programme and the WMO Education and Training Programme in respect of satellite activities. In particular, Congress stressed the need for organizing:

(a) Training Seminars on the Operational Use of Satellite Data (e.g. roving seminars) in various WMO programmes;

(b) Formal training courses in satellite meteorology and programmes for on-the­job training in the use and application of satellite data in operations and research;

(c) Advanced training for specialists in variousJields of satellite data applications. such as hydrology. agrometeorology and marine meteorology;

(d) Training of maintenance technicians for APTfWEFAX equipment.

It was pointed out that the above training is very important for developing countries and should be financially supported under UNDP and V AP.

3.1.4.10 Congress confirmed the important role of the establishment of direct read-out facilities in countries in supporting operational weather forecasting and warning services. Congress encouraged and urged Members to improve the GTS and to install APT and WEFAX stations. It decided that YAP support to these satellite-related activities, including provision of APTfWEFAX equipment, should continue to receive high priority.

3.2

3.2.1

Meteorological Applications and Environment Programme (Agenda item 3.2)

Aviation meteorology (Agenda item 3.2.1)

3.2.l.l Congress considered under this item the report by the president of the Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology and the document submitted by the Secretary-General on aviation meteorology as well as the budget proposals presented by the Secretary-General concerning aviation meteorology. The report by the presi'dent of CAeM was noted with satisfaction and there was general agreement that aviation continued to be the major user of meteorological information besides being also a supplier of data.

GENERAL SUMMARY 25

3.2.1.2 Congress confirmed that the emphasis in aViatIOn meteorology should be on the safety. efficiency and economy of air operations and efforts should in particular be directed towards improved information for take-off and landing operations. the centralization of services for en-route forecasting and improvement of short-period forecasts.

3.2.1.3 Congress noted the continuing close liaison and fruitful co-operation between WMO and ICAO. There was general agreement that conjoint sessions of CAeM with ICAO bodies were essential to discuss matters of common interest to both organizations and for the development of common regulatory material. Because of the present difficult financial situation, it could not agree with the proposal that, in addition to joint sessions, CAeM should be offered the oppor­tunity to meet in separate sessions not associated with a joint ICAOfWMO session. Instead, it agreed that separate sessions of CAeM of a duration of five working days should be held immediately preceding or following conjoint sessions in the same location where these conjoint sessions take place.

3.2.1.4 Congress noted with satisfaction the proposals by the Secretary­General for tht: strengthening of aeronautical meteorology in developing countries through short-term expert missions in order to advise on the most efficient use of existing meteorological facilities and services for international air navigation and. where necessary. to contribute in the formulation of country projects for UNDP and YAP assistance. The close co-operation jn this respect with leAO Regional Offices and the possibility to plan joint ICAOfWMO missions to countries in Africa, Latin America and Southern Asia was considered to be important in this respect.

3.2.1.5 Congress emphasized the need to continue and intensify during the eighth financial period studies concerning low-level wind shear and turbulence and on the automation of meteorological observations at aerodromes. Some Members drew attention to the special meteorological problems associated with helicopter operations and the need for research in this field. Major efforts would also need to be pursued towards increasing the number of in-flight meteorological observations for use as basic data and the automation of aircraft meteorological observations.

3.2.1.6 Congress was of the opinion that the development of new opera­tional requirements for the transmission of operationally integrated MET and other pertinent information to aircraft in flight were not yet sufficiently advanced. Congress noted that ICAO had established a panel to develop these requirements further and that WMO was represented on this panel. It was therefore considered premature to make provision for a session of a CAeM working group on this subject during the eighth financial period.

3.2.1.7 Congress placed high priority on the further development and review of the Area Forecast System in co-operation with ICAO. Congress was of the opinion that the ASF should be closely related to the WWW and should be

26 GENERAL SUMMARY

developed to meet aeronautical requirements on a global, regional and national scale.

3.2.1.8 Congress noted with interest a statement by the lCAO representative in which he stressed that the work of CAeM was greatly appreciated by ICAO and made reference to the excellent co-operation between the two organizations.

3.2.1.9 Several delegations agreed that more emphasis should be given to aviation meteorology and that this activity should have a status equal to other appli­cations of meteorology such as marine meteorology and agricultural meteoro­logy.

3.2.1.10 The decisions of Congress regarding trends in aeronautical meteoro­logy and WMO's contribution to the safety, efficiency and economy of air navigation are embodied in Resolution lO(Cg-VIII).

3.2.2 Marine meteorology (Agenda item 3.2.2)

3.2.2.1 Congress noted with appreciation the report of the president of CMM on the activities of his Commission during the last financial period and expressed its satisfaction with the progress made in the implementation of various elements of the marine meteorological programme.

3.2.2.2 Although marine meteorology was recognized as a traditional branch of activity of the Organization, Congress was well aware of the fact that present-day requirements for meteorological support to shipping, fisheries, off-shore and many other marine activities necessitate new approaches to international co-ordination and co-operation in the provision of marine meteorological services. Congress noted that the CMM had made a thorough study of this problem and, as a result, had prepared a draft Manual on Marine Meteorological Services which contained detailed standard and recommended procedures for the various types of service to marine activities on the high seas and in coastal and off-shore waters and for main ports. The Manual was conceived as an annex to the Technical Regulations and would thus have the same status; at the same time. a revision of Chapter C.l of the Technical Regulations, Volume I, entitled "Meteorological services to marine activities", had been undertaken. Both drafts were in the process of adoption as a recommendation by the Comm1ssion. In order to avoid long delay. Congress authorized the Executive Committee to approve on its behalf the texts of both the revised Chapter C.l and the Manual when adopted by the Commission (see agenda item 2.4).

3.2.2.3 In this relation, Congress noted the requirements expressed by IMCO and by the recent International Conference on Maritime Search and Rescue (convened by IMCO, April 1979, Hamburg) for harmonization of the meteoro­logical system of forecasts and warnings to shipping with the nautical systems of

GENERAL SUMMARY 27

navigational warnings and maritime search and rescue services. Congress felt that a study of this problem should receive high priority for those areas of the world where such harmonization does not yet exist and it requested the Secretary-General, in consultation with the president of CMM and IMCO, and taking into account, as necessary, aeronautical search and rescue (SAR) arrangements, to prepare the necessary proposals for action by Members.

3.2.2.4 Being of the opinion that the Voluntary Observing Ships' Scheme constitutes a major and highly valuable source of observations from the oceans, Congress wished to put on record it~ appreciation to the marine observers for their important contribution to the meteorological observing programmes. Congress recognized the difficulties in keepin'g this scheme up to the required level, mainly due to the progressive automation of ships' navigation and the subsequent reduction of the number of radio officers on board ships. In particular, problems related to marine telecommunication were raised. In this connexion, Congress noted that, as part of a specific action plan to implement Resolution 6(Cg-VII) -Improvement in observational data coverage over the oceans - the Secretary­General had conducted a survey among ships' captains regarding difficulties encountered when transmitting ships' weather reports to coastal radio stations. It was informed that this survey had met with a very enthusiastic response from ships' officers and that their replies had enabled the Secretary-General to initiate remedial action whenever possible. Congress was concerned to learn that, despite these efforts, the availability of ships' reports at standard times of observation falling within local night hours continued to indicate a sharp decrease and this seriously affected the timeliness and quality of forecasts and warnings in many parts of the world. It felt that more efforts were needed to improve this situation, particularly with respect to marine telecommunication arrangements. Resolution II(Cg-VIII) was adopted.

3.2.2.5 Although the automatic transmission of ships' weather reports through geostationary meteorological satellites was strongly recommended, some delegates sounded a cautionary note with respect to the possible conflict with national telecommunication regulations concerning the operation of public tele­graphic services.

3.2.2.6 Some concern was expressed about the homogeneity of marine meteorological data as a result of the increasing use of other ocean observing platforms, such as buoys. This holds true particularly with regard to sea-surface temperature and wind speed, parameters which are important in many applications as well as in climate studies. Congress therefore welcomed the fact that the WWW had given a high priority to this problem in its work programme; it supported the proposal of the president of CMM to convene, in co-ordination with the presidents of ClMO and CBS, a Technical Conference on Automation of Marine Meteoro­logical Observations in conjunction with CMM-VIII; the co-operation of appropriate international organizations, including IMCO and IOC, should also be

28 GENERAL SUMMARY

sought. This conference should give adequate attention to possible measures for the improvement of homogeneity of marine meteorological observations as well as the communication of these observations.

3.2.2.7 Congress noted with satisfaction that the publication of annual marine climatological summaries by Responsible Members under Resolution 35(Cg-IV) had been making good progress and that a start had been made by some of these Members with the publication of decadal summaries covering the period 1961-1970. Recognizing the special significance which this scheme of meteoro­logical ship data collection, exchange and publication has for studies of the climate over the oceans, Congress considered that the publication of decadal summaries for polar ocean regions for which no annual summaries are prepared would be partic­ularly useful. In relation to this marine climatological programme, Congress stressed the importance of the CMM project for the collection and exchange of sea-surface current data obtained from ships' set and drift, according to the plan developed by CMM-VII in 1976. These data were considered not only to be essential for the safety of ships' navigation, but also to provide a significant input in studies of the general ocean circulation; for these reasons, Congress hoped that Members who participate in the Voluntary Observing Ships' Scheme would make a special effort to implement this project.

3.2.2.8 Congress noted with great interest the development of regional co­ordination in marine meteorology in several parts of the world. In the most advanced stage of development was the plan for a regional marine meteorological programme by Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Congress recognized that these regional efforts would help to accelerate the development of national Marine Meteorological Services in the most efficient way. Congress recognized, however, the strong need to provide effective assistance to Members, especially those which are in the process of establishing regional marine meteorological programmes, in the form of arrangements for fellowships, training seminars; expert advisory missions and other types of technical assistance required.

3.2.2.9 Congress was of the opinion that the WMO programme for marine meteorology should continue developing in such fields as marine meteorological services, marine climatology, sea-ice services and marine meteorological obser­vations. The programme should also support international programmes or projects, such as the World Climate Programme, or ocean-atmosphere interaction study projects through suitable co-ordinated marine meteorological data management efforts. Congress decided to adopt by Resolution 12(Cg-VIII) a policy statement on the matter which should serve as guidelines for the marine meteorological and related oceanographic activities of the Organization during the eighth financial period.

3.2.3

GENERAL SUMMARY

IGOSS and meteorological aspects of ocean activities (Agenda item 3.2.3)

The Integrated Global Ocean Station System

29

3.2.3.1 At the very outset of the discussions under this agenda item Congress reaffirmed its previous decision that IGOSS is a joint undertaking between WMO and IOC to be planned and implemented in conjunction with World Weather Watch and marine meteorological services in support of operational maritime activities and research programmes dealing with the marine environment. In response to this view expressed by Congress, the representative of the Intergov­ernmental Oceanographic Commission (JOC) stated that IGOSS was becoming increasingly important to his organization; this was exemplified by the increasing number of meteorological and oceanic research programmes, including the Global Weather Experiment, for which IGOSS provides products and services. He stressed the important role to be played by IGOSS in the promotion of regional oceano­graphic investigations and referred. in this connexion, to the investigation of the phenomenon known as El Nino and the research programme in the western Pacific (WESTPAC) region.

3.2.3.2 Congress was informed of the status of implementation of IGOSS and noted with appreciation the considerable support provided by Members concerned towards the development of the three major components of the programme, i.e. the IGOSS Observing System, the lGOSS Data-processing Services System (IDPSS) and the IGOSS telecommunication arrangements. Congress realized, however, that the progress of IGOSS had not been very uniform due to the fact that the interest of maritime Members in the programme varies, depending largely on surrounding marine environmental conditions, types of marine activity involved and resulting requirements and even on their national administrative structure dealing with ocean-related activities. In this connexion it was pointed out that requirements for IGOSS products went hand-in-hand with the capability for providing such products and services and that Members participating in IGOSS had started to produce oceanic analysis and forecast products for a variety of activities such as fisheries, navigation, off-shore engineering and long-range weather forecasting. The concept of IGOSS also satisfies important conditions for a 10ng­term ocean monitoring system and is expected to contribute to climate-related research. In view of the above, Congress decided that the development of IGOSS should be further promoted and adopted Resolution 13(Cg-VIII).

3.2.3.3 The attention of Congress was drawn to the great success of the FGGE Southern Hemisphere Drifting Buoy Programme and the fact that the data obtained from these buoys had been invaluable in the analysis of surface pressure systems in the southern ocean. Congress recognized the great potential of such buoys for the Global Observing System of the World Weather Watch and the

30 GENERAL SUMMARY

IGOSS Observing System. The decision of Congress on the future use of drifting buoys is recorded in Resolution 6(Cg-VIlI).

3.2.3.4 Congress noted with satisfaction the establishment of a joint mechanism to deal with IGOSS matters, namely, the Joint IOC/WMO Working Committee for IOOSS, and believed that this would contribute to the closer co­operation between Meteorological and Oceanographic Services. In this respect, a word of caution was voiced by a delegate regarding the responsibilities of the proposed "National Representative for IGOSS". It was explained that the desig­nation of such a representative was not obligatory and that the present channel of communication on IOOSS matters, namely, between the Permanent Representative of the Member with WMO and the Secretary-General of WMO, should not be affected by this arrangement but that the National Representative for lGOSS might act in an advisory capacity only,

3.2.3.5 When considering institutional arrangements, Congress noted with appreciation that in compliance with the request of Seventh Congress the Secretary~General had transferred the IGOSS and marine meteorological functions to the WWW Department and that this arrangement proved most satisfactory for dealing with these operational programmes.

Long~term and Expanded Programme of Oceanic Exploration and Research (LEPOR)

3.2.3.6 Congress noted with satisfaction that, in the past three years, there had been considerable joint efforts between WMO and IOC to develop projects fallip.g within tl- framework of the Long~term and Expanded Programme of Oceanic Exploration and Research, such as the oceanographic programme for FGGE and investigations of large~scale ocean~atmosphere interaction processes such as EI Nino. With regard to the oceanographic programme for FGGE, Congress noted with appreciation the steps taken by the IOC Assembly to provide data, products and logistic support. With regard to El Nino, the IOC Assembly initiated action, which was later agreed by the Executive Committee, to establish a Joint JOCjWMO/CPPS (Comisi6n Permanente del Pacifico Sur) Working Group on the Investigations of El Nino, the main task of which is the promotion and co~ordination of research activities relating to this phenomenon. Congress considered that, because there are a number of existing and contemplated LEPOR projects which have important meteorological aspects, particularly those related to ocean-atmosphere interaction processes. ocean circulation and variability. the Organization should continue to participate in the development and implemen­tation of LEPOR. Congress adopted Resolution l4(Cg-VIII).

3.2.3.7 Congress noted further that the JOC Assembly had agreed that JOC should participate extensively in activities related to the second objective of GARP and the World Climate Programme when the oceanographic requirements of these programmes become more evident. In this relation it was recalled that the World

GENERAL SUMMARY 31

Climate Conference emphasized the importance of ocean data for climate-related research and that IGOSS would provide an important input to the climate research data set.

Co-ordination of marine activities - Inter-Secretariat Committee for Scientific Programmes Relating to Oceanography (ICSPRO)

3.2.3.8 Congress was pleased to learn that the relationship between WMO and roc had been excellent and that the participation of WMO in the Inter-Secre­tariat Committee for Scientific Programmes Related to Oceanography had enabled the Organization to receive from IOC appropriate support in the field of marine science and its appJications, particularly in relation to the planning and implemen­tation of FGGE. It therefore decided to continue the secondment of a scientific officer to the IOC Secretariat and to contribute half the cost of employing a secretary. Congress adopted Resolution 15(Cg-VIII).

The United Nations Third Conference on the Law of the Sea

3.2.3.9 Congress was informed of developments in the United Nations Third Conference on the Law of the Sea and its attention was drawn to articles in an informal draft convention known as the Informal Composite Negotiating Text which, if strictly applied, could have direct consequences on operational and research activities of WMO at sea, particularly in an area off the coast referred to as the Exclusive Economic Zone. In compliance with the directive of the Executive Committee on this matter, the Secretary-General invited the attention of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Members of WMO to these articles, pointing out the possible serious repercussions on activities carried out under the WMO Voluntary Observing Ships' Scheme and under other projects and programmes of the Organization, such as WWW and IGOSS.

3.2.3.10 Congress noted these developments with concern as they appeared to imply future difficulties in the operation of the marine component of GOS. Although it seemed that the International Convention on the Safety of Life at Sea (1960) might be successfully invoked to protect certain of these activities, some diffi­culties seemed likely to remain.

3.2.3.11 Congress realized that the WMO Voluntary Observing Ships' Scheme was an important element of the WWW and should continue to be a major source of marine meteorological information from the world's oceans. Congress also realized that the number of observations from sea areas was at present inadequate and that all observations made by ships, buoys, ocean platforms, aircraft and sensors aboard satellites were indispensable for the efficient functioning of the existing warning system for the safety of life at sea and the protection of life and property in coastal areas. Congress therefore requested the Secretary-General to bring the above views to the attention of governments with a view to ensuring that

32 GENERAL SUMMARY

the present arrangement for the collection of observational data at sea is maintained and possibly strengthened in the future. Congress adopted Resolution 16(Cg­VIII).

3.2.4 Agriculture and desertification (Agenda item 3.2.4)

3.2.4.1 Congress reviewed and expressed satisfaction with the activities of the Organization in the field of agrometeorology during the seventh financial period and expressed its appreciation to the Secretary-General in the implementation of the Agrometeorological Activities in Aid of Food Production approved by the Seventh Congress of WMO. It also complimented the president of CAgM on the quality and number of activities carried out by the Commission during the seventh financial period. It placed on record its appreciation for the financial support given by the Governments of Belgium and the Netherlands to agrometeorological activities of WMO through funds-in-trust arrangements, as well as the programmes of studies organized in China for the African countries in agrometeorology and hydrometeorology.

3.2.4.2 Congress agreed that the Agriculture and Desertification Programme is a priority programme of the Organization and that during the eighth financial period more assistance should be given to Members in establishing and developing national Agrometeorological Services and in improving the capabilities of national Meteorological and Hydrometeorological Services, particularly those in developing countries, in the application of meteorology to agriculture. In this connexion, Congress strongly supported the continuance of short-term expert missions to developing countries. Congress also strongly recommended that special consid­eration should be given to the training and education of agrometeorological personnel in developing countries. In this connexion, Congress called for the extension of V AP assistance to the field of agrometeorology.

3.2.4.3 Congress noted with appreciation Resolution 12/77 of the FAO Conference (1977) calling for increased collaboration between meteorologists and agriculturalists. Congress reaffirmed that collaboration between meteorologists and agriculturalists should be strengthened at the national and the regional levels. Congress also noted with appreciation the action taken by the Secretary-General in providing assistance to FAO in the combat against desert locust threats.

3.2.4.4 The decisions of Congress concerning the agricultural component of the Agricultural and Desertification Programme are incorporated in Resolution 17(Cg-VIJI) - Application of meteorology to agriculture.

3.2.4.5 Congress, recognizing the importance of the desertification com­ponent of the programme to both developing and developed countries, agreed that WMO should respond to the requests made to the Organization by the United Nations Conference on Desertification and authorized the Secretary-General to

GENERAL SUMMARY 33

co~operate with other UN agencies and international organizations in the collective effort to combat desertification. Congress accordingly adopted Resolution 18(Cg-VIII) - WMO activities in contribution to the combat against desertifi­cation.

3.2.4.6 In approving the Agriculture and Desertification Programme, Congress stressed close co-ordination with the World Climate Programme and the relevant activities of CoSAMC. Congress further agreed that CAgM would be allowed some flexibility, at the discretion of the Executive Committee and within the limits of the financial provisions made by Eighth Congress, in planning its activities for the eighth financial period at its seventh session, to be held in September 1979.

3.2.5 Energy and special applications (Agenda item 3.2.5)

3.2.5.1 Congress noted with interest the report of the president of the Commission for Special Applications of Meteorology and Climatology. It took into account the working programme of the Commission established by its seventh session (Geneva, 1978) which was prepared on the basis of the discussion by participants who are responsible for the activities of applications of meteorology to various problems in their national Meteorological Services. This working programme of CoSAMC reflected also the instructions given by the previous Congress in its Resolution 20(Cg-VII); furthermore, many topics of the working programme, such as those related to energy, land-use planning, human settlements, engineering and building, human biometeorology, tourism, environmental pol~

lution, storage and transport, are associated with the plans for the World Climate Programme, especially within its applications component. The purpose of the CoSAMC programme is to assist in the most efficient way various socio~economic sectors in both developed and developing countries. In addition to the various topics of applications, CoSAMC considered within its programme the supporting activities regarding observational and network requirements, climatological data and their presentation for various purposes, inventories of climatological stations and catalogues of climatological data, climatic atlases, statistical and mathematical methods, specialized weather forecasting, guidance materials and education and training, as well as the role which the Commission was expected to play in the World Climate Programme.

3.2.5.2 Congress considered that work related to energy problems warranted very high priority. It consequently noted with approval the various projects proposed by the Secretary~General for the next financial period and decided to amplify some of them to permit the Organization to respond to recent devel~

opments, namely the decision of the United Nations to convene in 1981 a Conference on New and Renewable Sources of Energy and the conclusions of the recent WMO Solar Energy Meeting (Geneva, October 1978).

34 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.2.5.3 In accordance with the conclusions of the WMO Solar Energy Meeting in October 1978, the delegate of Mexico informed Congress about facilities that his country had for the realization of a regional pilot project on solar energy. Several countries of Latin America strongly supported the realization of such a project. It was strongly recommended that the Secretary-General take action to assist Mexico in obtaining funding for this project.

3.2.5.4 Congress consolidated the WMO long-term policy on meteorological aspects of energy problems in Resolution 19(Cg-VIII).

3.2.5.5 Congress noted the progress achieved in the preparation and publi­cation of regional climatic atlases within the WMO World Climatic Atlas project and endorsed the work programme for the next financial period. It requested the Secretary-General to negotiate with the Director-General of Unesco the continu­ation of Unesco's financial support to the project at the same level as in the past. If the combined amounts of Unesco and WMO are not sufficient, the Secretary­General should explore additional sources of financing. Congress considered that the world maps of distribution of solar radiation and wind speed requested by the UN Conference on New and Renewable Sources of Energy should be prepared in combination with the activities of the WMO world climatic atlas project. It also agreed to the proposed work programme on climatological and statistical-methods in view of their direct relevance to many aspects of application.

3.2.5.6 While recognizing their importance, Congress considered that, in view of the present financial circumstances, the Organization should temporarily decrease its activities in the fields of: (a) Meteorological and hydrological aspects of NPP siting and operation; (b) (e)

Human biometeorology; Human settlements, with the exception, however, of building climatology, which continues to warrant high priority.

3.2.5.7 Congress consolidated the WMO long-term policy on application of meteorology in Resolution 20(Cg-VIII).

3.2.5.8 On the basis of an agreement reached by the sixth meeting of presidents of technical commissions (Geneva, 1978), the president of CoSAMC presented to Congress proposals for amended title and terms of reference of the Commission for Special Applications of Meteorology and Climatology. The consid­eration of these proposals as well as the proposals on the same subject made by Belgium and Hungary were referred to agenda item 11.2.

3.2.6 Environmental pollution monitoring (Agenda item 3.2.6)

3.2.6.1 Congress reviewed the activities of WMO in the field of environ­mental pollution monitoring and noted with great satisfaction the progress achieved in implementing Resolution 22(Cg-Vll). It strongly concurred that environmental

GENERAL SUMMARY 35

pollution still causes to mankind increasing problems which cannot be over­emphasized.

3.2.6.2 Congress realized that in setting up the programme for the eighth financial period it had been assumed that the UNEP contribution would not decrease significantly compared with that provided during the previous period. Therefore, a small proportion of UNEP financial activities was transferred to the provision under the regular budget. Should UNEP's contribution decrease substan­tially, WMO would concentrate its efforts on atmospheric pollution aspects, giving priority to BAPMoN.

3.2.6.3 The development of BAPMoN was highly appreciated by Congress, although it was noted that there are still geographical areas which need better station coverage. Congress took note with satisfaction of national and bilateral efforts for the establishment of new stations. It further wanted to put on record its gratitude for the continuing contribution of the U.S.A. to certain central BAPMoN facilities (C02 reference laboratory, precipitation chemistry reference laboratory, data collection, handling and pUblication). It also paid tribute to the positive experience made at the training courses on background air-pollution measurement arranged by Hun'gary in co-operation with WMO and UNEP. In discussing the further implementation of BAPMoN, Congress regarded it a matter of high priority that more expert missions be arranged to countries which need advice on special technical and operational problems. Congress further noted that in certain cases it would be difficult for some Members to provide national means to prepare the infrastructure required for the establishment and operation of BAPMoN stations and asked the Secretary-General to try to make extrabudgetary resources available for such purposes. In thanking UNEP for the substantial support provided to the WMO environmental monitoring activities so far, Congress expressed hope that UNEP would continue to allocate funds to help Members and WMO with their further implementation since they constitute an outstanding and signifIcant contribution to GEMS.

3.2.6.4 The representative of UNEP confirmed that BAPMoN is a basic component of the Global Environmental Monitoring System, appreciated the developments in the area of environmental pollution issues in WMO and indicated that future support will be provided to BAPMoN within a general climate-related monitoring project. The Governing Council of UNEP at the same time expects that ·countries and specialized agencies will more and more take over support to envi­ronmental pollution monitoring.

3.2.6.5 Congress realized the contribution of BAPMoN to climate-related monitoring, noted Resolution l8(EC-XXX), which calls for strengthening of the climate-related monitoring component of BAPMoN, and requested that the monitoring of CO2 and of variables which may have an impact on climate should be an integrated component of the existing BAPMoN programme. Congress also recognized the WMO Technical Conference on Regional and Global Observations

36 GENERAL SUMMARY

of Atmospheric Pollution Relative to Climate, to be held in Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A., 24-29 August 1979, as an important step in enhancing the effectiveness of BAPMaN in response to the World Climate Programme.

3.2.6.6 Congress attributed great importance to the WMO activities in the field of the long-range transport of atmospheric pollutants. This matter is expected to become a subject of increasing concern in all scales of atmospheric diffusion over land, sea and inland waters, Congress in this context supported the WMO co­operation with the Economic Commission for Europe in its Programme for the Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Atmospheric Pollutants, but noted that the problem of the long-range transport of air pollutants by no means will be restricted to the European region alone. The research aspects of this question are considered under agenda item 3.3.1.

3.2.6.7 Congress reiterated the need for WMO to co-operate with other international organizations involved in environmental pollution matters. Col1abo­ration with WHO should stress impact-level atmospheric pollution and forecasts of the onset, the persistence and clearance of alert situations as well as the evaluation of a relation between background and impact-level pollution. Congress considered that the co-operation with IAEA should also continue inter alia by the exchange of experts to lecture at training seminars of the other organization, which Congress regarded an important field of mutual col1aboration.

3.2.6.8 As to the proposals regarding WMO's involvement in marine pollution monitoring; in view of the general financial situation Congress considered that it could not support the full scope of the .oroposed projects in the field of marine pollution monitoring. Because of these circumstaI1ces WMO should limit its action to providing some support to the activities of laC, which is the lead agency in the UN system for matters of marine pollution monitoring. The project on the interchange of pol1utants between the atmosphere and the oceans, however, received full support. The representative of IOC welcomed the close co-operation with WMO and mentioned atmospheric transport and standardization of procedures for open ocean (background) marine pollution monitoring as belonging to those subjects he would regret if WMO were to reduce its collaboration substan­tially.

3.2.6.9 With regard to pollution monitoring in different media, Congress considered it important and economic to carry out integrated multi-media monitoring wherever possible, including in biosphere reserves and on weather ships. The recommendations of the WMO Symposium on Integrated Monitoring of Environmental Pollution, held in Riga, U.S.S.R., in December 1978, will be studied by the EC Panel of Experts on Environmental Pollution.

3.2.6.10 With regard to the scientific backing and institutional assistance for WMO's work on environmental pollution matters, Congress supported the provision made for the activities of the EC Panel of Experts on Environmental

GENERAL SUMMARY 37

Pollution which is to act as the focal point for WMO to promote all aspects of programmes relevant to environmental pollution within the framework of WMO and to advise the Executive Committee and the Secretary-General on the necessary co-ordination of activities of WMO bodies and policy issues.

3.2.6.11 Congress consolidated its long-term policy on environmental pol-lution monitoring in Resolution 21(Cg-VIII).

3.3 Research and development programme (Agenda item 3.3)

3.3.1 WMO support of research activities (Agenda item 3.3.1)

3.3.1.1 Congress reviewed the action taken by the Executive Committee, the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences and the Secretary-General to encourage and assist in promoting Members' meteorological research activities in accordance with the priority fields identified by Seventh Congress. It recalled that these fields included weather-prediction research, extended-range forecasting, weather modifi­cation, total environmental prediction and climate change. Congress recognized the increasing involvement of the Organization in questions relating to atmospheric aspects of the human environment and the demands which this had placed on CAS for advice on relevant scientific and technical questions.

3.3.1.2 Congress noted that research is carried out by the individual Members of WMO but reaffirmed that CAS has an important role to play in promoting, co-ordinating and publicizing Members' research activities. Congress considered that the Commission should clearly define its long-term goals with a view to maximizing its impact on the effective dissemination of research results, particularly to developing countries. In this connexion, Congress stressed the important role of CAS in directing attention to outstanding research problems, and in facilitating the distribution of scientific knowledge on topical issues so as to help in the application of research results to operational programmes.

Weather prediction research, including research on the role of atmosphere-ocean interaction

3.3.1.3 Congress noted the progress achieved in promoting the study of problems relating to practical applications of NWP and the contribution of CAS in keeping Members informed of significant developments in this field. In this regard, it was noted that a WMO Symposium on the Interpretation of Broad-scale NWP Products for Local Forecasting Purposes had been organized in Warsaw in 1976 in which participants from many countries had exchanged information on improvements in their forecasting techniques.

3.3.1.4 Congress noted that in response to the request of EC-XXIX, CAS had taken action to develop a proposal for a co-ordinated programme on short-

38 GENERAL SUMMARY

and medium-range weather prediction research (PWPR). It agreed that particular emphasis in the programme should be placed on the improvement of the accuracy of weather forecasts on sub-synoptic scales, so as to increase the capability to issue warnings of dangerous weather phenomena. Further, the programme would provide a mechanism to assist Members' research efforts directed towards improving the accuracy of weather prediction on all time scales through the optimum use of NWP and man-machine mix techniques.

3.3.1.5 While giving its full support to the goals of a short-range and medium-range weather prediction research programme, many Members stressed the need for concentrated efforts to improve the accuracy of forecasting over the time­scale of 30 days or longer. Some Members felt that in view of the important imp1i­cations of a forecasting capability on longer times-scales for economic planning in Member nations, greater emphasis should be directed to this field.

3.3.1.6 In this connexion, importance was attached to the role played by ocean-atmosphere interactions, the study of which for meteorological purposes requires particular attention to be given to identifying key regions of the oceans where significant long-term anomalies occur. Congress agreed that CAS, in consul­tation with other bodies, should start planning and assisting for this type of study. It was recalled that the oceanographic community also had an interest in this field and had established a mechanism for considering this problem. Therefore, advantage should be taken of the possibility of collaboration in the collection and interpret­ation of data necessary for extended-range forecasting, which could also be useful for climate-related studies

3.3.1.7 It was noted that WMO was currently conducting a survey of existing methods of making and assessing monthly forecasts, with a view to preparing a status report for eventual pUb1ication as a WMO Technical Note. Support was also given to the organization of a WMO Symposium on the App1ication of Research and Development in LRF to Climate and Environmental Studies during the eighth financial period.

3.3.1.8 Congress noted that several of the other technical commissions had indicated their support for, and possible contributions to, the proposed Programme for Short-, Medium- and Long-range Weather Prediction Research (PWPR). In particular, CHy pointed out the importance of organizing an intercomparison of qualitative precipitation forecast models for hydrological purposes. It was hoped that interested Members using such models could collaborate in arranging for such comparisons as appropriate.

3.3.1.9 Congress agreed to adopt the weather-prediction research programme as outlined above and adopted Resolution 22(Cg-VIII).

3.3.1.10 Reference was also made to the significant achievements being made by those NWP centres with large computers. Congress agreed that the Organization

GENERAL SUMMARY 39

should encourage Members operating such centres to contribute, wherever possible, to the transfer of relevant technological developments to Members with less extensive computing facilities.

3.3.1.11 Congress also agreed that Members should be encouraged to give wide publicity to results achieved from analysing and evaluating data obtained from the FGGE, including the results of studies on evaluation of the required data base for operational purposes. It was noted with appreciation that CAS, in consul­tation with CBS and JOC for GARP, had arranged for a data studyjintercom­parison of numerical analyses and forecasts during the FOGE in 1979, with the participation of eighteen NWP centres. The project would be helpful to Members by providing improved techniques for the verification of numerical model products. In its implementation, the Finnish Meteorological Institute is acting as a co­ordinator and has accepted a particular responsibility for research in that area. Congress agreed that such intercomparisons should also be encouraged for the tropics.

Research in tropical meteorology

3.3.1.12 Many Members expressed satisfaction with the progress resulting from the action taken by the Executive Committee and CAS, in response to the request of Seventh Congress, to develop a coherent Programme on Research in Tropical Meteorology, the outline of which was given in Resolution 10 (EC-XXIX).

3.3.1.13 Congress endorsed the continuing importance of the problem identified by Seventh Congress, namely (a) tropical cyclones, (b) monsoons, (e) meteorology of semi-arid zones and the problems of tropical droughts and (d) tropical disturbances and associated rainfall. Congress was informed that agreement had been reached between the JOC for GARP and CAS on their respective roles in co-ordination of research in tropical meteorology. This agreement calls for CAS gradually to assume responsibility for promoting and co­ordinating research activities based on tropical data obtained from GATE, FOGE, MONEX and WAMEX.

3.3.1.14 Some Members commented that higher priority should be given to projects relating to research on the structure and dynamics of tropical cyclones and on forecasting of their intensity and track - topics which are closely related to the WMO Tropical Cyclone Project (TCP). Since it was recognized as essential for both operational and research aspects to be given due attention, it was suggested that closer interaction needed to be maintained between the regional bodies of the TCP and the CAS Working Group on Tropical Meteorology. Importance was also attached to the long-term programme for monsoon studies, both over continents and over the oceans, and the need was stressed to formulate a plan inviting interested Members to continue over an extended period of years certain components of the special observing systems used during MONEX and WAMEX.

40 GENERAL SUMMARY

Note was also taken of suggestions made by the relevant regional associations to broaden the programme's component on semi-arid-zone meteorology and to consider means of enabling Members to obtain data from tropical experiments such as GATE, MONEX and WAMEX. Collaboration of CHy in implementing projects with hydrological implication was noted with appreciation.

3.3.1.15 In view of the desire to encourage Members to collaborate and parti­cipate in the implementation and further development of the Programme on Research in Tropical Meteorology, for which continued support is required, Congress decided to adopt Resolution 23(Cg-VIII).

Environmental prediction research programme

3.3.1.16 Congress noted with appreciation the work accomplished in this field. Particular importance was attached by Congress to the research aspects of the motion and deposition of atmospheric pollutants, with highest priority being placed on research on long-range transport. Many Members stressed the extreme importance of this aspect of atmospheric pollution, which sometimes brought grave consequences, and considered it not only a regional problem, but a world-wide problem as well. Congress agreed that research on the long-range transport of atmospheric pollutants and scientific problems related to the assessment of the dispersal of pollutants, including their transfoTination, should be given high priority during the eighth financial period.

3.3.1.17 The need for continuous review of methods and techniques (especially numerical models) being developed for the study of dispersion and forecasting of air pollution was also stressed. This activity would involve meteoro­logists as well as chemists. It was expected that the WMO Symposium on Long­range Transport of Pollutants organized in October 1979 in Bulgaria would serve as a scientific forum for making pertinent information available to Members.

3.3.1.18 Congress noted with satisfaction the action taken by the Executive Committee at its twenty-eighth session in establishing the Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project. The substantial assistance received from UNEP together with the technical support provided by interested Members had permitted more than 20 countries to upgrade their observational capability and a few new stations to be established in data-sparse areas. Congress recognized the need for continuing upgrading of ozone instruments by organizing comparisons of ozone spectropho­tometers, baIIoon-bome ozonesondes and rocket-borne ozonesondes and urged Members to participate actively in these exercises. Congress hoped that UNEP would continue to provide valuable support towards the project's future implemen­tation.

3.3.1.19 Recalling the timely response of the Organization to the requirement for an authoritative view on the potential danger by depletion of the atmospheric

GENERAL SUMMARY 41

ozone layer due to the release of chlorofluoromethanes, Congress realized that there were still many unsolved problems, particularly in stratospheric dynamics and chemistry, that required further research and called on Members to continue their studies and assist in international collation and assessments of the results. Important information for the assessments could be provided by carefully made simultaneous in situ measurements of a number of rare species having an impact on the stratospheric ozone balance and Congress wished to encourage action being taken by some Members for such measurements.

3.3.1.20 The representative of UNEP expressed satisfaction at the fruitful collaboration with WMO in organizing the preparation and assisting in the execution of the World Plan for Action on the Ozone Layer. He emphasized the usefulness of the WMO statement in helping the UNEP Co-ordinating Committee on the Ozone Layer to prepare its assessment of ozone depletion and its impact in 1978. He expressed the readiness of UNEP for further collaboration in this field.

3.3.1.21 The representative of ICAO expressed his organization's interest in WMO's research programme on the study of the ozone layer and infonned Congress that ICAO had called on its Member States and interested international organizations to continue research into the effect of emissions in the stratosphere. He pointed out that ICAO had already proposed certain environmental measures which would, among other things, control emissions from future aircraft engines, and assured Congress of the readiness of ICAO for further collaboration in WMO's study programme.

3.3.1.22 Congress noted that SCOSTEP was developing plans for a Middle Atmosphere Programme. The programme aims at a co-ordinated approach [or studying the structure and energetics of the atmosphere between about 15 and 85 km. Congress noted that many Members were already strongly involved in projects relating to the stratosphere and to tropospheric/stratospheric interaction and that these activities would certainly contribute substantially toward achieving the MAP objectives. In this regard, Congress called for active participation by CAS, in collaboration with SCOSTEP, in the future planning of MAP.

Support to the World Climate Programme

3.3.1.23 As regards the research component of the World Climate Pro­gramme, discussion and funding considerations are recorded under agenda item 3.4 - World Climate Programme. Congress noted the view expressed by CAS-VII that the Commission should continue to play its leading role, inter alia, concerning (a) the implementation of the WMO Project on Research and Monitoring of Atmo­spheric Carbon Dioxide, (b) research on the role of sea ice in climate systems, (e) the effects of human activities on global climate, (d) the studies relevant to ocean-atmospheric interaction, (e) the effects of aerosols on radiation regime and also (f) solar-terrestrial physics-meteorology. With regard to CAS involvement in the WMO/ICSU Climate Research Programme (paragraph 3.4.10), Congress noted

42 GENERAL SUMMARY

that presidents of CAS had participated for many years in JOe sessions, either as a member of JOe ,or as one of the WMO representatives, and agreed that close liaison between JSC and CAS should be maintained. In this connexion Congress emphasized the need for continuing close liaison between JSC and CAS in view of the fact that JSC is recognized as being the main scientific organ within the WCRP.

3.3.1.24 In this respect, the representative of UNEP recalled the recent decision of the Governing Council of UNEP to consult with WMO and ICSU concerning the development of a plan of action on carbon dioxide and concerning a machinery to review research results and other related matters. He further expressed the desire of UNEP to collaborate with WMO in the execution of the atmospheric aspects of relevant studies and assessment. Congress decided that col­laboration with UNEP in developing plans on research work within this area could conveniently be carried out within the general framework of the WMO Project on Research and Monitoring of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, adopted by EC-XXIX.

Solar-terrestrial physics-meteorology (STP-M)

3.3.1.25 Congress noted with appreciation that a detailed working document for the research workers in the field of STP-M had been prepared by the CAS rapporteur and issued by SCOSTEP. It further noted that WDCs for STP in the U.S.A. and the U.S.S.R. were currently collecting and exchanging STP information within the framework of SCOSTEP.

3.3.1.26 Congress reviewed a proposal for the STP-M research project formulated in response to the request of EC-XXX. It noted that the main objectives of the project were:

(a) To investigate possible physical mechanisms by which STP-M phenomena can influence weather and climate; and

(b) To study the fluctuation in solar parameters and the resulting atmospheric responses.

3.3.1.27 Congress noted that many national institutions had shown interest in pursuing scientific questions of whether STP and higher atmosphere conditions and phenomena have a detectable influence on weather and climate. Clearly, these studies can contribute to the main WMO interest, which is to establish whether there is any sound physical and statistical evidence that meteorological variables respond to the fluctuations in solar parameters. Consequently, Congress considered it necessary for WMO to play its role by collaborating with SCOSTEP in co­ordinating STP-M research.

GENERAL SUMMARY 43

3.3.1.28 Resolution 24(Cg-VIII) was accordingly adopted to this effect.

Research Awards for Encouragement of Young Scientists

3.3.1.29 Congress was informed that, even though considerable effort had been made to increase the response to the scheme of WMO Research Awards for Encou­ragement of Young Scientists, the scheme had not so far fulfilled expectations. However, considering its potential, it was decided to maintain the awards during the eighth financial period and to increase the value to US $1000 for each award granted. Some Members considered it to be unjust to limit the awards to candidates from developing countries only and others noted that the age criterion should be amended to 35 years or to within three years of obtaining a Ph.D. The Executive Committee was requested to review the guidelines for granting the awards with a view to re-examining eligibility.

3.3.2 WMO/ICSU Global Atmospheric Research Programme (Agenda item 3.3.2)

3.3.2.1 Congress reviewed with interest and satisfaction the progress that had been achieved in carrying out the WMO/ICSU Global Atmospheric Research Programme (GARP). Congress was unanimous in its approval of the efforts of Members, the Joint Organizing Committee, the WMO Executive Committee Inter­governmental Panel on the FGGE, the regional operational and data-management centres for MONEX and WAMEX, the Secretariat, and the international organ­izations which contributed funds, material and valuable expertise. In this connexion, Congress felt that the positive aspects and deficiencies in the planning and implementation of the FGGE should be studied so that the lessons learned could be incorporated in the planning and implementation of future programmes and experiments.

3.3.2.2 Considering that the FGGE and its regional experiments, as well as earlier experiments such as GATE, CAENEX, ISMEX, Monsoon-77, JASIN, AMTEX, have been the greatest meteorological undertaking in history and that its results will be of prime importance to the future development of practical appli­cations to national and international meteorological problems, Congress strongly urged that no efforts be spared in completing the research and evaluation phase of the Global Weather Experiment and the regional experiments (MONEX, WAMEX, POLEX) at the national and international level in the fulfilment of the First Objective of GARP. In this connexion, Congress noted with assurance that, although the signing of the WMO/ICSU Agreement on the World Climate Programme will formally supersede the 1967 Agreement on GARP, GARP itself will continue as a joint WMO/ICSU programme during the 1980-1983 financial period and, in particular, that the proposed new Joint Scientific Committee (in its capacity as the JOC for GARP) will be responsible for the completion of the planning and studies to be undertaken in support of the First Objective of GARP.

44 GENERAL SUMMARY

Congress was of the opinion that CAS should take an active part in the research and evaluation phase of the FGGE.

3.3.2.3 Congress noted that particular attention had been paid by Members to all elements of safety, especially with regard to air navigation security, in the deployment of the various special observing systems during FGGE. They were commended for these efforts and were urged to take a11 necessary safety precautions in connexion with the continuing or future deployment of observing systems.

3.3.2.4 Congress noted with satisfaction that activities in support of the climate objective of GARP were now to be incorporated into the WMO/ICSU World Climate Research Programme. The JOC was commended for the advances that it had promoted in this field, in collaboration with other scientific bodies within the WMO and ICSU family, and which had provided a sound basis for the devel­opment of the World Climate Research Programme. Congress also noted with satis­faction the initiative proposed by the WMO Executive Committee on the devel­opment of the activities in the area of air-sea interaction in the interest of the improvement of weather forecasts and climate studies. In this connexion, Congress welcomed the action undertaken by ICSU and SCOR in the development of activities in this direction by means of the formation oflhe ICSU/SCOR Committee on Climate Changes and the Ocean, in co-sponsorship with roc and with a strong liaison to JOe. This was recognized as another example of a valuable contribution of ICSU to the Joint WMO/ICSU programme (see also paragraphs 3.3.1.6 and 3.4.16.

3.3.2.5 With regard to the continuation of activity in support of the First GARP Objective during the eighth financial period, Congress was of the opinion that it should be supported at a level consistent with its importance, paying attention, however, to the need to keep budgets within limits while allowing for flexibility in utilization of the funds due to changing emphasis as the programme develops. Members were strongly urged to develop their research activities in regard to the First GARP Objective and it was recommended that a thorough assessment of the extent to which the original objectives of GARP had been achieved should be undertaken jointly by WMO and ICSU at an appropriate time, preferably as early as five years after the completion of the field phase of FGGE. Congress also requested that periodic updating of an inventory of research projects related to FGGE and its regional experiments be considered by Members and the Secretariat as an aid in making information available to all Members.

3.3.2.6 Congress noted with approval that plans were being developed to summarize the research based on GATE data and that a Conference on the Scientific Results of GATE would be held in 1980 in the U.S.S.R., followed by the publication of a monograph on "Synthesis of GATE scientific results". It was noted -also -that a preliminary assessment of the results of the FGGE in the Australasian region would be held in Melbourne in December 1979 and that an International Conference on Preliminary FGGE Results was scheduled to be held in Bergen, Norway, in June 1980.

GENERAL SUMMARY 45

33.2.7 Congress also noted the interest of Members in studies of the effects of mountains as a global problem and concurred with EC-XXX approval of the Mountain Sub~programme. It agreed that the Secretariat should play a co~

ordinating role with respect to the planning and implementation of regional exper~ iments related to the mountain problem, while leaving the major planning and implementation role to the Members who would be participating in such exper­iments and studies.

3.3.2.8 Congress expressed its satisfaction with the spirit of friendly co­operation that had prevailed under GARP and with the substantial practical achievements of the past 12 years. Congress wished to place on record its appre­ciation to ICSU for the fruitful co-operation that had taken place under the GARP Agreement and expressed its confidence that such co-operation would grow even stronger under the new Agreement on the World Climate Research Programme (see paragraph 3.4.16).

3.3.3 Weather Modification Programme (Agenda item 3.3.3)

3.3.3.1 Under this agenda item Congress noted with satisfaction and approval the actions taken by the Execu-tive Committee and the Secretary-General in implementing the WMO Weather Modification Programme during the seventh financial period according to Resolution 12(Cg-VII) and in particular the work on implementation of the Precipitation Enhanceme.nt Project (PEP).

3.3.3.2 Congress noted with satisfaction and commended the efforts made by the EC Panel of Experts on Weather Modification/CAS Working Group on Cloud Physics and Weather Modification with the assistance of seconded experts in the thorough planning of PEP, in the careful selection of a potential site for the experiment in Spain, and for providing continuous scientific guidance in the initiation of on-site field measurements of cloud physics parameters in early 1979.

3.3.3.3 The detailed information on the substantial resources committed to the unique field research project by several Member countries, the brighter prospects for even more contributions and the provision of support services and collaboration by the host country were noted with great satisfaction.

3.3.3.4 It was recognized that weather modification is a complex scientific . and technical field of meteorology and therefore to obtain scientifically convincing

answers concerning the feasibility of precipitation enhancement may require a number of years of study, and the time scale for completion of PEP may need to be expanded well into the 1980s. At the same time, Congress recalled that if PEP were to be a definitive experiment, as requested by Seventh Congress, the essential resources would have to be provided. It further reiterated the need for a PEP as approved in Resolution 12(Cg-VII) and that the project should continue as outlined in the annex to Resolution 12(Cg-VII) and receive high priority within WMO and

46 GENERAL SUMMARY

top priority within the Weather Modification Programme. Congress again stressed that PEP must be meticulously planned, executed and evaluated in order for the results to command wide acceptance by the scientific community. The scientific staff and experts associated with PEP must have the highest qualifications and the project leader be given sufficient authority and flexibility to carry out his functions effectively. Congress noted that the scientific viability and integrity of the PEP cannot. be compromised and emphasized the importance of allocating sufficient funds for WMO to co-ordinate the project effectively. At the same time Congress strongly called on Members to provide the necessary manpower and equipment to carry out the field work and subsequent analyses, and requested that the PEP Board be strengthened and become more active in this regard.

3.3.3.5 Several delegates expressed concern regarding the possible environ­mental effects of a weather modification project in adjacent areas. Congress noted that this topic had already been recognized in the planning for PEP, that a special report on environmental impact assessment was being printed as PEP Report No. 12 for the benefit of all Members and that the resolution of this issue was one ot the objectives of the project.

3.3.3.6 Congress agreed that the continuation of PEP must depend not only on sufficient resources being committed by Member States but also on the suit­ability of the site in Spain for an actual seeding experiment and instructed the Executive Committee to review carefully the progress of PEP and, on the advice of the EC Panel of Experts on Weather Modification regarding the scientific viability of continuation, release the funds accordingly.

3.3.3.7 Congress adopted Resolution 25(Cg-VIII) - Precipitation Enhance-ment Project.

3.3.3.8 Congress recognized the economic significance which many Members attributed to effective hail suppression, but noted that there was a division of views in the scientific community on the results of hail-suppression programmes. For this reason there is a need for further research on the design and evaluation of hail-suppression programmes.

3.3.3.9 Congress noted with appreciation the initiative taken by Bulgaria in offering to make its own hail-suppression programme open to participation by other nations. It was encouraging that a number of Members expressed their immediate interest in collaborating to find the solution to some of the unresolved problems of hail suppression, for which only some scientific guidance would need to be provided by international experts through WMO. Congress noted the view of EC-XXX that WMO should move towards the eventual implementation of an internationally planned, conducted and evaluated experiment in hail suppression. Congress also recognized that a number of important scientific questions needed to be answered before such an experiment could be initiated and that the offer made by Bulgaria and Argentina could significantly facilitate the finding of proper

GENERAL SUMMARY 47

solutions. Countries were also encouraged to continue their current research programmes and to collaborate through bilateral or multilateral agreements aimed at furthering the solutions to these remaining scientific problems.

3.3.3.10 The Commission for Atmospheric Sciences and in particular the EC Panel of Experts on Weather Modification/CAS Working Group on Cloud Physics and Weather Modification was requested to collate and evaluate the scientific answers as they become available through the results of existing projects and to appoint, as necessary, additional rapporteurs on hail to assist in this work. It was noted that models could playa major role in furthering the understanding of the processes within cumulonimbus clouds. The development of such models was therefore encouraged and they should include the best and most complete formu­lations based on intensive studies of the dynamics, thermodynamics, microphysics. water-phase transition processes, and especially their interaction. It was also felt important to validate results of such studies against direct measurements of the cloud properties.

3.3.3.11 Many Members expressed their interest in, and need for, proven hail-suppression techniques but Congress felt that PEP needed to be given higher priority in the forthcoming financial period and that the role of WMO in the next few years should be largely one of stimulating and supporting relevant studies utilizing existing facilities such as those offered by Bulgaria and Argentina, which might provide the necessary background for an international experiment, and therefore adopted Resolution 26(Cg-VIII) - Hail suppression research.

3.3.3.12 Congress noted that tropical cyclone-affected countries could benefit substantially from the development of a capability to moderate temporarily the strongest winds near the centre of such storms· by seeding or by other techniques. However, several delegates from countries affected by the devastating effects of tropical cyclones expressed concern regarding the possible adverse effects which might result from seeding, causing changes of paths of such cyclones and associated rainfall patterns, although there was no firm evidence that such changes would occur. The need was pointed out for further research on the dynamics of tropical cyclones and Members are looking to WMO for authoritative information on this subject. Congress agreed that research on the moderation of tropical cyclones should proceed, with careful attention being given to the possible side-effects. The interested Members should exchange scientific information and use the Organi­zation as appropriate to facilitate this exchange.

3.3.3.13 Congress recognized that the legal aspects of weather modification were important and reiterated the view that they should reflect the scientific progress in this field. A better understanding of the physical basis of weather modification was needed before WMO would be in a position to provide definitive advice to Members on this aspect of weather modification experiments and operations. Congress noted with satisfaction that two informal meetings of meteoro­logical and legal experts in this field had been held jointly with UNEP and that as a

48 GENERAL SUMMARY

result a set of draft principles of conduct for the guidance of Member States concerning weather modification had been recommended, and will be further considered by a formal WMOjVNEP meeting of experts (meteorological and legal) designated by governments which is planned for September 1979. Since scientific progress in understanding processes in~olved in weather modification would inevitably be slow, it was considered that there was no great urgency in codifying these general principles and guidelines into firm legal regulations. These principles considered by past and future WMOfUNEP meetings could serve as a basis for regulations at some time in the future when, and if, scientific developments so warrant. Congress urged delegates to ensure that their countries' representatives at this meeting be fully aware of the WMO position on this maUer. Congress instructed the Secretary-General to ensure continued WMO collaboration with UNEP and that the legal experts receive competent scientific advice from cloud physicists.

3.3.3.14 Congress noted with approval the series of reports on PEP and other publications of the Weather Modification Programme. These publications were receiving wide distribution and were providing valuable information for Members, especially those unable to- carry out their own research. Congress agreed that these publications should continue and that additional efforts should be made to provide detailed information on the design and evaluation of weather-modification programmes.

3.3.3.15 Some delegates expressed their appreciation of the advice received from WMO experts, and Congress agreed that this was a very important role for WMO to continue. As agreed by Seventh Congress, an inventory of activities within Member countries had been initiated and a register of national weather modifi­cation projects was being compiled annually and given wide distribution; it had been received with interest and was also used by other United Nation bodies.

3.3.3.16 Congress noted with appreciation the international scientific conferences on weather modification organized by WMO from time to time and felt that they provided a useful forum for all Members to exchange views and present the latest results of weather-modification activities at the international level. Congress agreed that these conferences should continue.

3.3.3.17 The attention of Congress was drawn to the fact that in several countries some of the expertise in cloud physics and weather modification lay outside the national Meteorological Services - in research institutes, water resources centres and universities. Congress was of the opinion that the Weather Modification Programme and especially the PEP would benefit from more active participation by these scientists, and requested the Secretary-General to make every effort to interest them in these programmes. The offices of IVGG may be useful in this regard ..

3.3.3.18 Congress requested the Executive Committee to look into the feasibility of developing a framework for stimulating and co-ordinating research

GENERAL SUMMARY 49

and development in weather modification at the international level and, if necessary, to arrange for providing advice on this matter in a report to Ninth Congress.

3.3.3.19 Congress expressed its opinion that although only in operation for one financial period, the Weather Modification Programme was already providing valuable advice and assitance to Member States and that with the completion of PEP would be in a much stronger position to do so. Congress therefore agreed that all aspects of the Weather Modification Programme should continue, with highest priority being given to PEP, and adopted Resolution 27(Cg-VIII) - Weather Modification Programme.

3.3.4 Instruments and methods of observation (Agenda item 3.3.4)

3.3.4.1 Congress noted with appreciation the report of the president of the Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation and considered that the activities of the Commission had been conducted in an efficient and entirely satis­factory manner with active support from Members.

3.3.4.2 Congress noted that, due to recent technological advances, the work of the Commission was becoming increasingly complex and sophisticated. Therefore, it was considered essential that CIMO receive the adequate staff support it needs.

33.43 Congress recognized the fundamental importance of the activities of CIMO in terms of long-term benefits for Members, as well as to the successful implementation of major WMO scientific and technical programmes. It noted with approval the ten subjects afforded the highest priority at the seventh session of CIMO. These were (not in order of priority): ozone, environmental pollution, upper-air measurements, meteorological radars, radiation measurements, automatic observing systems, accuracy of measurements and representativeness, comparisons, training and assistance to other technical commissions.

3.3.4.4 As regards CIMO's comparison programme, Congress commended the Commission for maintaining a high level of activity in this field and hoped that such activity would continue in the next period, particularly in the areas of radiation instruments and techniques for monitoring environmental pollution. In connexion with environmental pollution, the Organization has continued to place great emphasis on this matter. In this regard ClMO has continued its responsi­bilities in the development and standardization of instruments and techniques for the sampling and analysis of pollutants. In this connexion Congress noted with appreciation that rhost useful assistance had been received during the current financial period from UNEP to carry out CIMO's activities in the field of environ­mental pollution. The hope was expressed that similar extra-budgetary support from UNEP would also be available during the eighth financial period. Congress

50 GENERAL SUMMARY

hoped that the Commission's comparison programme would be given the necessary support by Members in the next period.

3.3.4.5 Congress supported elMO in its efforts to become more active in the field of training instrument and maintenance personnel in response to a request from Seventh Congress. Congress emphasized once more the Commission's respon­sibility in the field of training instrument specialists and approved the organization of training seminars on different aspects of meteorological instruments. It was felt that the seminars should be conducted in a similar way to on-the-job training and that first priority should be given to instructions regarding the maintenance of more basic types of meteorological instrument. Congress considered that extra~budgetary funds should be sought from such sources as UNDP and VCP for partially financing these seminars. It was felt that these seminars on instrument training and maintenance matters could be supplemented by the following two mechanisms. The first by having instrument experts. located in each Region, who would travel to developing countries and advise Members on their problems regarding the maintenance of their observational networks. The second mechanism would use audio-visual aids to instruct national meteorological staff in the more common maintenance problems. In addition, Congress agreed that elMO should initiate work on a guide of recommended practices for the maintenance and calibration of the more routine types of instrument which could be enlarged to cover increasingly sophisticated instruments at a later stage.

3.3.4.6 The representative of IeAO expressed the appreciation of his organ­ization for the work being carried out by elMO in connexion with aerodrome observing systems. Congress agreed that this work should continue, with particular attention to the automation of aerodrome instruments and improvements in methods of observation of hazardous phenomena such as low-level wind shear and turbulence. It was agreed that close co-operation in these matters should be maintained with CAeM and ICAO.

3.3.4.7 The main decisions of Congress on this item were incorporated in Resolution 28(Cg-VIII).

3.4 World Climate Programme (Agenda item 3.4)

Establishment of the WMO World Climate Programme (WCP)

3.4.1 The Secretary-Genera!'s proposals were discussed in great detail by Congress. It was agreed that the Organization should establish a major programme entitled the World Climate Programme. This main programme should comprise the following components:

Climate Data Programme (COP); - Climate Applications Programme (CAP);

GENERAL SUMMARY 51

- Climate Impact Study Programme (CIP); - Climate Change and Variability Research Programme (CRP).

The role of WMO in the World Climate Programme

3.4.2 Congress agreed that WMO must take the lead within the framework of the WCP and in particular in promoting studies of climatic change and varia­bility and their effects on the natural environment and mankind. Congress recognized that the problems related to studies of the climate and its variability are highly interdisciplinary. They cover practically all aspects of human activities and the socio-economic life of nations. It was agreed that the planning and implemen­tation of such a vast programme required the participation by all nations. many of the United Nations bodies and specialized agencies such as IFAD, FAO, Unesco, WHO and UNEP as well as intergovernmental and non-governmental bodies such as ICSU and IIASA. The collaboration of all these organizations must be sought at an early stage in order to ensure the success of this undertaking, and Congress noted with satisfaction that several of these organizations had already indicated their desire to participate in the WCP.

Institutional arrangements/or the WCP

Overall co-ordination and supervision of the WCP

3:4.3 Congress discussed in detail the institutional arrangements for the WCP. ]t recognized that eventually it would be necessary to establish an overall co­ordination mechanism that would encourage and facilitate wide international par­ticlpat;on, as well as ensure the coherence and integrity of the overall programme. However, Congress considered that it was not possible to foresee all of the detailed characteristics of such a mechanism at this early stage in the formulation of the WCP. Furthermore. it was not possible for Congress to foresee the needs and interests of all other participating organizations. Therefore, Congress agreed that in the early stages the primary emphasis should be placed on further developing and organizing the components through the institutional arrangements described in the succeeding paragraphs. Congress requested the WMO Executive Committee to establish an overall co-ordinating mechanism to provide a single focus for the WCP when and as appropriate.

3.4.4 This overall co-ordinating mechanism should provide for represen­tation of the international, governmental and non-governmental organizations already identified as having a major role -in organizing the WCP. as well as rep­resentatives of participating governments. The exact nature of this mechanism and its detailed terms of reference should be developed by the Executive Committee.

52 GENERAL SUMMARY

Co-ordination and supervision of the programmes of the WCP within WMO

3.4.5 In addition to the overall co-ordination mechanism referred to above, Congress recognized that WMO should also take the leading role in organizing and co-ordinating the Climate Data and Climate Applications Programmes. A large portion of the technical work under these programmes would in fact be accomplished within WMO.

3.4.6 Congress noted that practically all the WMO technical commissions had activities which were climate-related and that many of these commissions were directly concerned with applications of climate knowledge to human activities. Congress endorsed the views expressed by the Executive Committee that. in the establishment of the plans for the WCP within WMO, maximum use should be made of the existing WMO machinery, in particular the WMO technical commissions. It would therefore be only natural to expect the WMO technical commissions to assume major responsibility in the study, planning and implemen­tation of activities related to the WCP within WMO.

3.4.7 In this context, Congress noted that it had invited the Executive Committee to consider the establishment of a Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee as described under agenda item 2.2. This committee would be an appropriate body for, inter alia, the close co-ordination of the WCP Programmes on data and applications, and for the review of the progress in the other components of the WCP.

Co-ordination and supervision of the Climate Impact Study Programme

3.4.8 Congress noted with pleasure that the Secretary-General of WMO had received the following communication from the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme:

"The Governing Council of UNEP at its seventh session (1979) approved a decision on climate, operative paragraphs of which read as follows:

1. Requests the Executive Director to bring to the attention of the Secretary-General and the Eighth Congress of the World Meteorological Organization the Willingness of the United Nations Environment Programme to collaborate with the World Meteorological Organization and other organizations concerned with the World Climate Programme in the implementation of the Sub-programme for the Study of the Impacts of Climate on Human Activities, and if requested by WMO, to assume within the availability of funds responsibility for implementation of this Sub-programme under the overall co-ordination of the WMO.

GENERAL SUMMARY 53

2. In accordance with the details of the resulting agreement, further requests the Executive Director to develop a Plan of Action for implemenling the agreement for consideration by the Governing Council at its eighth session."

3.4.9 Congress was pleased to note the existing excellent collaboration between WMO and UNEP in the planning and implementation of the WCP. Congress also noted that UNEP would be willing to assume responsibility for the implementation of th.e Impact Study Programme of the WCP within the limits of funds available to that organization jf requested by WMO. Congress welcomed this offer by the UNEP Governing Council and requested the Secretary-General to negotiate with the Executive Director of UNEP and in accordance with Resolution 29(Cg-VIII) the conditions under which UNEP could assume responsibility for the implementation of the Climate Impact Study Programme of the WCP, subject to the principles adopted by the Congress of WMO and the Governing Council of UNEP. The Secretary-General should also report to the Executive Committee the results of such negotiations.

Co-ordination and supervision of the Climate Change and Variability Research Programme

3.4.10 Congress noted with satisfaction that the overall supervision of the Climate Change and Variability Research Programme of the WCP would be carried out jointly by WMO and ICSU. The relevant arrangements for this are outlined in paragraphs 3.4.15 to 3.4.18 and in the annex to Resolution 29(Cg-VIII). Congress agreed, however, that, within WMO, the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences and its subsidiary bodies should play an active role in the Programme for Research on Climatic Change and Variability of the WCP.

The role of VAPjVCP in the establishment and implementation of the WCP

3.4.11 Congress recognized that the importance of the role of the developing countries in the establishment and implementation of the WCP could not be over-emphasized. These countries are the producers of data and the users of the climatological information. The socia-economic structures of the developing countries make them especially vulnerable to climatic changes and variations. The national resources available in most developing countries are far from adequate to allow their active participation in the WCP. The direct assistance envisaged in the WMO regular budget would not be enough to cover even the most essential and. in many cases, elementary requirements. Other sources of assistance must be inves­tigated. In view of the great success of the WMO VAP/VCP in implementing the national and international plans and projects in developing countries in the field of the World Weather Watch. it was agreed that it be expanded appropriately to cover the WCP, since this is indeed a most important requirement for the successful

54 GENERAL SUMMARY

implementation of this major programme. Special emphasis should be placed on the fields of climate data and climate applications.

The role of education and training in the establishment and implemen­tation of the WCP

3.4.12 Congress agreed that an important prerequisite for the establishment of plans and the implementation of the WCP was the availability of an' adequate number of trained personnel of high technical and scientific quality. Very rew developing countries have such personnel available in their Services, and this will prove to be a major obstacle lii-b-uilding a successful WCP. Action must be taken as soon as possible to remedy this situation. The use of vep fellowships would appear to be one of the major solutions to this problem.

3.4.13 Congress agreed that adequate Secretariat support should be provided for the co-ordination of the activities of the World Climate Programme within the WM 0 Secretariat.

3.4.14 Congress decided to record its decision as regards the World Climate Programme in Resolution 29(Cg-VIII).

WMO/ICSU Agreement on the World Climate Research Programme

3.4.15 Congress was informed that since Seventh Congress (1975) the Executive Committee had given careful consideration to the future of the GARP Agreement in the coming period (1980-1983). The appropriate bodies of ICSU had likewise been giving consideration to the same question. The outcome of these considerations had been a mutual recognition of the need to maintain the close and fruitful co-operation which had been established between the two organizations under the terms of the GARP Agreement and an acceptance that such co-operation should now be directed increasingly to research related to the climate objective of GARP. Thus, while it was recognized that a substantial effort would still be required to bring to fruition the work already underway in support of the First Objective of GARP, it would be appropriate gradually to shift the emphasis of future WMO/ ICSU co-operation to joint development of the research component of the World Climate Programme. It was envisaged that a revised framework would be established that would include the completion of essential work on the First GARP Objective and incorporate the GARP climate objective.

3.4.16 At its thirtieth session (1978) the Executive Committee had established a list of principles to serve as guidance to the Secretary-General in negotiating with ICSU on the conduct of the World Climate Research Programme. On the basis of these principles a discussion had taken place between represen­tatives of WMO and ICSU and a draft Agreement was established which was approved by the ICSU General Assembly (Athens, September 1978).

GENERAL SUMMARY 55

3.4.17 Congress studied the text of the Agreement and approved it with minor editorial amendments. The text of this Agreement is reproduced in the annex to Resolution 29(Cg-VIII). Congress authorized the President of the Organization to sign the Agreement on behalf of WMO.

3.4.18 Congress was infonned by the IUGG representative that IUGG, an ICSU Union, was prepared to play a significant role in the WCRP, since it embraced most of the physical sciences involved in this interdisciplinary study and since it was acknowledged by WMD as a forum providing major symposia in atmo­spheric and oceanic science. IUGG welcomed the inclusion in the WMOjICSU Agreement of the need for maximum use to be made of existing bodies, a need reinforced by the realities of fiscal restraint.

World Climate Conference

3.4.19 Congress was very pleased to note that a highly successful World Climate Conference - A Conference of Experts on Climate and Mankind - had been held in Geneva in February 1979 by WMO in association with United Nations agencies such as FAD. Unesco, UNEP and WHO as well as non-governmental organizations such as ICSU and IIASA.

3.4.20 It was noted with great pleasure that some 24 specialists from various parts of the world had presented overview papers covering subjects such as climate and public policy, the global system that determines climate, the influence of mankind on the climate system, impacts of climate on mankind. human health. agriculture. land use, water resources, forestry. fisheries and offshore development and, finally, world economy.

3.4.21 It was brought to the attention of Congress that during the first week of the Conference, 350 specialists from 53 countries and 24 international organizations had participated in the Conference. These experts were not only meteorologists, but represented fields such as agriculture, water resources, marine resources and fisheries, energy, environment and ecology, biology, medicine, sociology, economics, etc. During the second week some 120 invited specialists had continued the work; they were assigned.to various working groups dealing with different aspects of the Conference topics.

3.4.22 Congress noted with satisfaction that the results of the Conference were already available in the following documents, included in the annex to Resolution 29(Cg-VIII):

(a) The Declaration of the World Climate Conference; (b) Supporting documents containing more detailed information on the outcome

of the deliberations of the various working groups of the Conference. A special publication containing the Conference Declaration and the supporting documents had already been issued and distributed by WMO.

56 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.4.23 Congress endorsed the views of the WCC that a Ministerial Conference on Climate would, at this stage, be premature. Congress agreed, however, that adequate financial provision should be made for the organization of regional climate conferences.

3.4.24 Congress was informed that prior to the Conference a publication containing more than 300 pages of the texts of the extended summaries of the overview papers had been prepared in four languages and distributed to partici­pants. Copies had also been sent to the permanent representatives. It was expected that the full text of the papers would be published in English in the Proceedings of the Conference during the middle of the current year. Some Members expressed the opinion that it would be desirable to publish the proceedings in the other WMO official languages. The Secretary-General was requested to look into this matter.

3.4.25 In recognizing the success of the Conference, Congress acknow­ledged support and assistance from many sources. In the first place, the outstanding contribution of Dr. R. M. White, both as chairman of the Conference itself and as chainnan of the Conference Organizing Committee and of the small Bureau that it had established, was gratefully acknowledged. It was recognized on all sides that Dr. White's energy, vision and enthusiasm had been a major factor in its overall success. Congress also agreed that the contribution of all the other members of the Organizing Committee and of the Bureau deserved the highest praise. In addition, the high scientific standard of the overview papers had been an essential element, and the authors of these papers were sincerely thanked.

3.5 Hydrology and Water Resources Programme (Agenda item 3.5)

Under this agenda item Congress considered the implementation of Resolutions 26, 27 and 28(Cg-VII), which placed emphasis upon the Operational Hydrology Programme (OHP) and laid down the priority activities. The overall programme on hydrology and water resources has been supported by institutional co-operation of Hydrological Services of Members, by the Commission for Hydro­logy and the Advisory Committee for Operational Hydrology, by the regional associations' Working Groups on Hydrology and by Members, of which a large number appointed representatives of their Hydrological Services as hydrologica1 advisers to their permanent representatives with WMO. An important part ofWMO activities within the major programme has been a substantial degree of co-operation with other international organizations which have programmes in water resources, notably in activities connected with the UN Water Conference, an endeavour of the whole UN system, and in particular with the IHP of Unesco. It als," examined the report of the president of the Commission for Hydrology, presented under agenda item 2.2. Congress agreed that the main line of emphasis referred to above should be continued in this important programme of the Organization also during the eighth financial period, subject to two important and related developments, namely

GENERAL SUMMARY 57

the implementation of the Hydrological Operational Multipurpose Sub-programme (HOMS) and a more pronounced orientation of the programme of the Organization in the field of hydrology and water resources towards economic and social goals established by the UN Water Conference. In approving the objectives of the projects to be undertaken by the Organization in this field of its activity. Congress agreed that the projects within this major WMO programme be divided into three programmes, namely:

- Operational Hydrology Programme; - Hydrology in environmental management and development; - Co-operation with water-related programmes of other interna-

tional organizations.

Congress discussed and took decisions on these three programmes under agenda items 3.5.1, 3.5.2, and 3.5.3.

3.5.1 Operational Hydrology Programme (Agenda item 3.5.1)

3.5.1.1 Congress noted with satisfaction the activities of the Commission for Hydrology in implementing Resolution 26(Cg-VII) by which it established the Operational Hydrology Programme. It noted that the priorities of the Operational Hydrology Programme, as set out in the annex to that resolution, had been followed by the Commission for Hydrology and the Secretary-General under the guidance of the Executive Committee. Congress commended the Commission for Hydrology and its president for the work accomplished, including the continuation of the Commission's system of work by which members of its working groups are assigned specific tasks as rapporteurs, and the effective co-ordination and working arrangements in its relationship with ACOH.

3.5.1.2 Congress noted with satisfaction the good co-operation of CHy with CIMO, CBS, CoSAMC and CAS in the development of activities which are of common interest. It also noted the good co-operation existing with the regional associations and their working groups and rapporteurs responsible for the imple­mentation of the OHP at the regional level, and agreed that CHy should continue, as in the past, to provide guidance and methodological advice to these regional bodies. It further agreed that the regional Working Groups on Hydrology should implement those parts of the OHP which are particularly relevant to the problems of their Regions.

3.5.1.3 Considering future OHP activities. Congress confirmed for the next financial period the priorities of the OHP as set out by Seventh Congress and decided to keep in force Resolution 26(Cg-VII). In so doing, Congress took into account that these priorities will be considered by Ninth Congress on the basis of the recom­mendations of CHy-VI (to be held in 1980) and also of those of the joint WMOj Unesco Conference on Hydrology (see also paragraph 3.5.3.4). Congress noted with approval the various projects envisaged under the OHP and requested Members to continue to provide full support to the implementation of this programme.

58 GENERAL SUMMARY

3.5.1.4 Congress decided that the OHP should concentrate on a more signi­ficant impact at the national level and particularly on maximum assistance to developing countries. In this connexion, Congress considered the proposal of CHy, in response to Resolution 26(Cg-VII), for the development, within the framework of the OHP, of a Hydrological Operational MUltipurpose Sub-programme (HOMS) which would contribute to these aims. Congress noted that HOMS should be imple­mented as a co-operative effort of Members, co-ordinated by WMO within the Operational Hydrology Programme. Congress noted the actions taken by the Executive Committee on this recommendation of CHy and in particular that, at the request of the Executive Committee, the views and comments of Members on the HOMS proposals had been sought. It noted that fifty Members had replied to this inquiry and that the substance of the Members' comments, as well as those of the Executive Committee, the CHy and its Advisory Working Group, and of ACOH, constituted the basis for· the preparation by the Secretary-General, in co-operation with the president ofCHy, of a draft plan for the development of HOMS during the next financial period. -

3.5.1.5 In considering the draft plan for HOMS, Congress noted that the CHy proposal for HOMS had already been favourably considered by several WMO regional associations, and that the activities of the OHP, including HaMS, would be an important contribution to the action plan adopted by the Mar del Plata UN Water Conference (see also paragraph 3.5.3.2). Congress noted that HOMS would not replace the need for assistance to developing countries by individual experts through the established technical co-operation programmes of WMO and bilateral agreements. Requests for technical expertise and equipment would also be handled through the normal well-established channels of WMO. Taking into consideration all the above aspects of HOMS, Congress approved its concept and implementation plan and embodied its decisions in Resolution 30(Cg-VIII).

3.5.1.6 Congress also noted with approval the proposals of the Commission for Hydrology for a plan of scientific meetings to be organized or co-sponsored by WMO in the field of operational hydrology.

3.5.1.7 Congress examined all the projects proposed for implementation in the OHP in the next financial period, and agreed that they were in full agreement with the priorities set by Resolution 26(Cg-VII) and that their implementation, together with HOMS, would represent a further strengthening of WMO activities in this programme.

3.5.2 Co-operation between Hydrological Services (Agenda item 3.5.2)

3.5.2.1 Congress noted that, as a result of the implementation of Resolution 27(Cg-VII), the machinery established within the WMO structures for the co­operation between Hydrological Services of Members consisted, at the national level, in the appointment of hydrological advisers to permanent representatives of Members, at the regional level, in the Working Groups on Hydrology of the regional associations, and at the global level, in the Advisory Committee for Opera­tional Hydrology. It was recalled that ACOH had been re-established by Seventh

GENERAL SUMMARY 59

Congress because of the need for an effective international body through which the views of national agencies responsible for Hydrological Services could be brought to the attention of Congress and the Executive Committee, and in order to improve the effectiveness of the OHP at regional and global levels. In presenting his report to Congress, the chairman of ACOH referred to the many substantive matters dealt with by the committee in the previous inter-sessional period, during which it had held its third and fourth sessions. Congress was pleased to note the valuable contribution made by ACOH to the development of the plans for HOMS, as discussed under agenda item 3.5.1, and the activities it had fostered in relation to the use of WMO standardization material, the institutional aspects of co-operation between Hydrological Services and training of hydrological personnel.

3.5.2.2 Congress considered the proposal of the Executive Committee for a WMO Prize in hydrology. Congress decided that a separate prize in hydrology should not be awarded, but amended the conditions for the award of the IMO Prize so as to include outstanding work in the field of meteorology or in any other field referred to in Article 2 of the Convention. This decision of Congress is recorded under agenda item 10.5 and in Resolution 48(Cg-VIII).

3.5.2.3 Congress also considered the question of re-establishing ACOH. Congress expressed the view that WMO should continue to playa leading role in the international co-ordination of the activities of the Hydrological Services of Members in the field of operational hydrology, in particular in the implementation of the relevant recommendaifons of the UN Water Conference. It therefore recognized _ the need to provide effective means by which national Services responsible for operational hydrology could express their views on, and have a direct input into, the planning and implementation of WMO programmes with hydrological aspects. The appointment of hydrological advisers to permanent representatives of Members was confirmed as fulfilling a valuable role at the national level. However, there was evidence of insufficient integration of activities in operational hydrology within the framework of the regional associations while, at the same time, there remained a need, at the international level. for representatives of Hydrological Services to advise the Executive Committee and Congress on WMO activities in hydrology and water resources.

3.5.2.4 In the light of the above, Congress confirmed its wish, as expressed in Resolution 27(Cg-VII), that Members continue to develop arrangements for the co-ordination of activities of Meteorological and Hydrological Services. including the designation of a hydrological adviser to the permanent representative. To assist this co-operation at the regiona1leveI, Congress invited the regional associations to appoint a regional adviser to their president and agreed that these hydrological advisers to the presidents of the regional associations should be invited to attend. in an advisory capacity. those sessions of the Executive Committee dealing with policy questions relating to the Hydrology and Water Resources Programme. If appropriate, this adviser may be the chairman of the Working Group on Hydrology of the regional association. Finally, Congress decided that a meeting of hydrological advisers to permanent representatives and representatives of Hydrological Services

60 GENERAL SUMMARY

of Members attending Congress be held as a subcommittee of Congress also during next Congress. These decisions were incorporated in Resolution 3l(Cg-VIlI). In taking the above decisions. Congress concurred with the view of ACOH that its role can be effectively replaced by these measures for increased co-operation of Hydro­logical Services of Members within the existing WMO structures, and decided not to re·establish the Advisory Committee for Operational Hydrology for the next financial period.

3.5.3 Water resources development programme (Agenda item 3.5.3)

3.5.3.1 Under this item Congress considered the action taken by the Executive Committee and the Secretary-General in the implementation of the decisions of Seventh Congress pertaining to WMO co-operation with other interna­tional organizations in the field of hydrology and water resources, and proposals for continued WMO co-operation with these organizations in the next financial period. Congress also considered important developments which had taken place since the previous Congress related to hydrological and water-resource aspects of environmental management and development.

3.5.3.2 Congress noted with satisfaction that, in accordance with Resolution 28(Cg-VII) and further directives of the Executive Committee, WMO had taken an active part in the preparation for the UN Water Conference which had been held in Mar del Plata, Argentina, in 1977. The report of the conference, which was adopted by the UN General Assembly in December 1977, includes a number of resolutions and recommendations pertinent to WMO activities, especially those in hydrology and water resources. The conference fully recognized the importance of the WMO Operational Hydrology Programme and recommended that it be keyed to the targets set by the conference. Congress considered that the development of the Hydrological Operational Multipurpose Sub-programme, as discussed under agenda item 3.5.1, would make a major contribution in this regard. It was recognized that two other areas in which WMO could playa valuable role were water supply for rural, industrial and urban needs, and the assessment of water resources. Congress felt that the projects proposed for the first of these areas could be carried out in close co-operation with related activities of CHy and of other UN agenciesc In the follow·up to the UN Water Conference, WMO has been asked to take the lead, jointly with Unesco, in international activities relating to water­resource assessment. Congress noted that such activities at the national level were within the responsibilities of Hydrological and Meteorological Services and invited Members to support those Services in the execution of national plans for water­resource assessment, bearing in mind both aspects of water quantity and quality. Congress agreed that, within WMO, these activities be planned in conjunction with the programme of work of CHy and, as appropriate, in association with technical co-operation projects.

3.5.3.3 Congress examined the proposed project on forecasting and mitigation of natural hazards of importance to hydrology and agreed that, as it concerned low flo""s, droughts and hydrological aspects of climate variations, the

GENERAL SUMMARY 61

work should primarily be undertaken by CHy, with the support of the Secretariat. It was noted that this project would include technical support for the hydrological components of the Tropical Cyclone Programme, considered by Congress under agenda item 3. t .3, the World' Climate Programme, considered under agenda item 3.4, and the Agriculture and Desertification Programme, discussed under agenda item 3.2.4.

3.5.3.4 In its Resolution 28(Cg-VII), Seventh Congress requested the Executive Committee and the SecretarywGeneral to arrange for WMO cowoperation in projects of the International Hydrological Programme (IHP) of Unesco. Congress noted with satisfaction the extent of this cowoperation during the previous WMO financial period. It further noted that the excellent co-operation which existed between WMO and Unesco had been referred to by governments on many occasions as an examplary relationship between two organizations of the UN system conducting complementary programmes. Congress therefore requested the Executive Committee and the SecretarywGenerai to take appropriate action to ensure continued support for cowoperation and joint activities between the two organizations, especially in relation to the IHP. It also agreed that WMO, jointly with Unesco, should convene the second joint UnescojWMO International Hydrow logy Conference in 1981 or 1982 to evaluate the results of the IHP and the OHP and to discuss future programmes in hydrology of both organizations. In this connexion Congress requested the president of CHy to give full consideration to the IHP at the next session of the Commission.

3.5.3.5 Congress further noted with satisfaction that, during its previous interwsessional period, WMO had considerably strengthened its cowoperation with other organizations of the UN system, with international riverwbasin commissions and non-governmental scientific organizations such as ICSU (IAHS), ISO, UAT!, IIASA, ICID and CEFIGRE. In addition to co-operation with the UN Regional Economic Commissions in relation to the UN Water Conference, referred to in paragraph 3.5.3.2, and activities of the Tropical Cyclone Project, referred to under agenda item 3.1.3, WMO had been actively involved in co-operation with UNEP, WHO and IAEA in a number of very successful interwagency projects. Congress expressed the view that support should be given to the continuation and expansion of such activities in the future, where appropriate, within the framework of the new regional and international mechanisms being established for the cowordination of activities in the water field within the UN system.

3.5.3.6 Congress incorporated its decisions under this agenda item in Resolution 32(Cg-VIII).

4. Technical Co-operation Programme (Agenda item 4)

4.1 General review of technical co-operation activities (Agenda item 4.1)

62 GENERAL SUMMARY

General

4.1.1 Congress reviewed the documentation submitted by the Secretary­General on the technical co-operation activities of the Organization and expressed appreciation for the clarity and conciseness of presentation, particularly with regard to the evaluation document in which detailed data on assistance given to individual countries were reported in a condensed informative form.

4.1.2 Congress noted with satisfaction that the total amount of technical assistance provided to Members had increased substantially during the period 1975-1978, reaching a level of over US $19 million in 1978 and a total of over US $55 million for the four years, approximately 65 per cent greater than the corre­sponding figure for the previous four-year period 1971-1974. The _assistance provided had been distributed on a wide geographical basis with as many as 110 countries having received assistance in some form or another.

4.1.3 All components of the programme increased in the four years, the greatest increase being in the assistance provided under trust-fund arrangements. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) continued to be the largest individual source of assistance, accounting for over US $27 million, or approxi­mately 50 per cent of the total programme, followed by the Voluntary Assistance Programme at about US $17 million, or approximately 30 per cent of the total, and trust-fund assistance at over US $9.7 million. or about 18 per cent of the total.

4.1.4 Congress noted that assistance provided under trust-fund arrangements had been financed in some instances by the governments of countries receiving the assistance, in other instances by governments of other countries as foreign assistance. Congress indicated that trust-fund assistance of the latter type was particularly deserving of the Organization's appreciation as it complemented the multilateral assistance provided by UNDP to developing countries and encouraged Members to intensify this help. taking into consideration its effec­tiveness.

4.1.5 In view of. the continuing requirement for technical assistance ih the development of Meteorological and Hydrological Services of the developing countries, Congress decided that the -WMO Technical Co-operation Programme should continue in essentially the same way during the eighth financial period as in the previous period. Since UNDP has been recognized as the principal funding source for technical assistance in the United Nations development system. it will undoubtedly remain as the principal funding source for development of Meteoro­logical and Hydrological Services. Noting that the Governing Council of UNDP had set a growth goal of 14 per cent per year for the programme in the second programming cycle, Congress expressed the hope that UNDP resources approved for projects in WMO's field of activity would increase at least at the same rate if not at a higher rate. The second largest programme of assistance to WMO Members _should continue to be the Voluntary Co-operation Programme, which could also be

GENERAL SUMMARY 63

expected to increase considerably during the next four years. The amount of assistance provided under trust-fund projects will most probably be variable from year to year but should continue to be an important part of WMO's technical co­operation activities. Financial support from the regular budget for fellowships and seminars will continue to comprise the fourth element of the programme.

4.1.6 Congress noted that special attention had been given and steps taken by the Organization and its Members through the various technical co-operation programmes (in which WMO participates) to rehabilitate or to strengthen the national Meteorological and Hydrological Services of newly independent countries and others which had suffered national disasters. Uganda was especially mentioned in this connexion. Congress requested the Secretary-General to continue to take appropriate steps to assist such countries in obtaining the required assistance.

Training

4.1.7 Congress stressed that, while various types of assistance are needed to strengthen the Meteorological and Hydrological Services of the developing countries, the greatest and highest-priority need is for the training of staff to perform the various functions required. Sophisticated equipment is of little use to a country if the staff required to operate and maintain the equipment and to interpret the data have not been adequately trained. Furthermore, it was recognized that training must be a continuing programme since some attrition of trained staff will occur, the staff required of a developing Service must be increased, and the assigned staff who are technically trained will require advanced training to keep pace with technical and scientific developments in their professional fields and to ensure the effective implementation of development projects after the departure of interna­tional experts.

4.1.8 Congress emphasized that the most pressing need for assistance is in technical training of staff to operate and maintain modern equipment and academic training for personnel to perform various professional functions, including applied research in the application of meteorological and hydrological data to other sectors of national economy. Neither of these types of training are available in most developing countries and therefore assistance is required for training abroad under fellowships.

4.1.9 Congress noted that there appeared to be a certain dichotomy in respect of academic training under VAP long-term fellowships; whereas some Members had expressed long-standing requirements for long-term fellowships and the training had not yet been provided, not all of the offers of long-term fellowships made by other Members had been fully utilized. Congress expressed the view that Members which have requirements for long-term fellowships should carefully review all of the announced offers for training to determine if the available fellowships would satisfy their particular requirements before expressing requests for other training.

64 GENERAL SUMMARY

4.1.10 Congress recalled that in previous years UNDP had approved some fellowship training projects under its regional programmes but that more recently the policy had been to include fellowships only under country programmes. In view of the international nature of meteorology and hydrology and the recognition that national development of Meteorological and Hydrological Services is of benefit to an entire Region, Congress requested the Secretary-General to emphasize to the Administrator of UNDP the regional character of weather and the importance of national Service development in regional and inter-regional development plans. The training of national staff, particularly at the advanced levels, under UNDP inter-country programmes would contribute significantly to regional development. in WMO's field of activity.

4.1.11 Congress expressed its appreciation for the training that had been provided to Members under the various programmes of technical assistance that the Organization had executed in past years. It was noted that several meteorologists and hydrologists who were attending the present session of Congress had received their professional training under fellowships administered by WMO. The importance of continuing to provide such training to other students interested in careers in the meteorological and hydrological fields could not be over­emphasized.

Experts

4.1.12 Congress noted that the number of man/months of expert service provided under the various programmes of technical assistance during the period 1975-1978 had decreased by 18 per cent from that provided during the previous four years. This decrease had been due to two factors: the curtailment of new expert missions during UNDP's financial difficulties in 1975 and 1976 and the increasing trend toward short-term experts and consultants to perform more technical functions instead of long-term experts to carry out organizational duties. Congress considered the first reason as highly regrettable but the transition of experts' activities from organizational to technical functions as a very healthy development which would increase the transfer of technology to the developing countries and enable all Members to participate in the Organization's technical activities on a

~ more equal basis.

4.1.13 Congress noted that, with this trend toward short-term assignments, the demand for highly qualified experts in narrow specialized fields continued to increase and occasionally exceed the availability of suitably qualified candidates applying for posts. In such cases WMO had requested individual Members to release experts from their Services to provide the assistance needed and, thanks to their co-operation, it had been possible to recruit the experts required even though in some instances their arrival in the field had been delayed. Congress expressed its appreciation to the support given by these Members and appealed to all Members to assist in meeting the Organization's requirement for technical co-operation support.

GENERAL SUMMARY 65

4.1.14 Congress noted that WMO had signed associate expert agreements with five Members and two other Members had agreed in principle to provide associate experts to work in WMO projects. During the past four years ten associate experts had served in field projects in four countries, Congress expressed its appre­ciation to Members who had provided associate experts and appealed to other Members who were able to do so to provide associate experts to work in WMO technical co-operation projects.

4.1.15 Congress replaced Resolution 30(Cg-VII) by Resolution 34(Cg-VIII).

4.1.16 Congress noted that with the approval of Seventh Congress the Executive Committee had requested the Secretary-General to arrange with the Co­ordinator of the United Nations Volunteers for the assignment of volunteers to selected projects on an experimental basis to determine if a further participation was warranted and to report on the results of this experiment. Congress was pleased to learn that by the end of 1978 seven volunteers were in the field and that their performance had been quite satisfactory. Congress agreed that the use of volunteers in UNDP projects should be continued on a selective basis under the supervision of experienced international experts and requested the Secretary-General to report on the experience obtained to future sessions of the Executive Committee and Congress.

Co-ordination of technical assistance at the country and regional levels

4.1.17 Congress recalled that with the introduction of UNDP country programming in 1972 the need for co-ordination at the national level of assistance from various sources had become very important and that the Resident Represen­tatives of UNDP, in close co-ordination with the national planning authorities, had served as a focal point for this co-ordination. The importance of co-ordination at the national level had been recognized throughout the United Nations development system and therefore a provision had been made in the General Assembly resolution dealing with restructuring of the economic and social system within the United Nations for a Resident Co-ordinator to be designated by the Secretary­General of the United Nations to serve in each developing country and be responsible for co-ordinating the technical assistance provided in each sector from the various SOUf.ces. Since the UNDP programme is multi-disciplinary in nature and in most countries involv~s the largest financial support, the UNDP Resident Representative will in most instances be designated as the Resident Co-ordinator. Congress considered the formal designation of the Resident Co-ordinator as increased recognition of the co-ordination role and requested both the Secretary­General and the permanent representatives to maintain close contact with him in order that the needs of the Meteorological and Hydrological Services may be fully taken into account by the governments when the UNDP country programmes are formulated.

66 GENERAL SUMMARY

4.1.18 Noting that the Regional Economic Commissions of the United Nations have a co-ordinating role for inter-country UNDP projects in some Regions and also may serve as executing agencies for some projects, Congress requested the Secretary-General to continue to develop the co-operation between WMO and the Regional Economic Commissions, particularly with reference to the development and implementation of regional projects.

4.1.19 In view of the designation of Resident Co-ordinators in the various developing countries and the importance of co-ordinating technical assistance from al1 sources, Congress replaced Resolution 29(Cg-VII) by Resolution 33(Cg-VIII).

Evaluation of technical co-operation activities

4.1.20 Congress examined with interest the statistical and descriptive evaluation of the assistance provided by WMO to its Members during the period 1975-1978 and was pleased to note that practically all Permanent Representatives of countries which had received technical assistance in the form of expert missions during the four-year period had considered that the experts' accomplishments were according to expectations and that their recommendations were reasonable.

4.1.21 Congress was pleased to note that training continued to be an important part of WMO's technical co-operation activities, accounting for nearly 25 per cent of the assistance provided under all programmes. A total of 4243 meteoro­logical or hydrological personnel received training in one way or another, whereas an additional 434 students not belonging to national Meteorological and Hydro­logical Services (civil aviation, etc.) also received training. Special attention was drawn to the need to increase the training possibilities for personnel required to improve and expand research activities.

4.1.22 In reviewing the statistics on the utilization of WMO fellows after return to their home countries during the period 1974-1978, Congress was pleased to note that 91 per cent of these fellows continued to work in a meteorological or hydrological capacity. In many cases returned fellows were able to convey their knowledge to other staff and some others became engaged in research work.

4.1.23 The greater participation of the developing countries in technical assistance activities was noted with satisfaction. Out of the 294 experts who served in WMO's technical assistance programme during 1975-1978 no fewer than 29 per cent came from developing countries which are themselves receiving technical assistance, accounting for 39 per cent of the total man/months of expert service provided. Congress considered this an encouraging development and recom­mended that use be made, whenever possible, of such experts since the experience gained during their assignments will undoubtedly be beneficial to their own national Meteorological and Hydrological Service after their return. Congress also noted with satisfaction that more and more developing countries were providing technical facilities for WMO fellows.

GENERAL SUMMARY 67

4.1.24 Congress noted with interest from the analysis of responses from Members receiving technical assistance that a vast majority of these countries indicated that they were satisfied with the support from WMO Headquarters and the UNDP Resident Representative in the country concerned with respect to project planning and formulation. operational management, fellowship placement, equipment procurement, etc. Only a few countries felt that more support should have been given to assist in the field of meteorology. but the nature of their responses indicated that this view seemed to be mainly due to the national planning authorities having given higher priority to requests for projects in other sectors.

4.1.25 Congress was pleased to note the information provided on equipment and facilities made available by Members, such as meteorological satellites, weather ships, etc., which are of benefit to other Members of the Organi­zation and considered that this information illustrated the contribution and co­operation of all Members in the various programmes of WMO.

4.1 .26 Congress requested the Secretary-General to continue evaluating the technical assistance provided by WMO and to report thereon to each session of the Executive Committee and to Ninth Congress.

4.2 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (Agenda item 4.2)

General

4.2.1 Congress noted that, through the participation of WMO in the United Nations Development Programme during the seventh financial period, the assistance provided to Members under the UNDP through country and inter­country projects during the period 1975-1978 had been over US $27 million, an increase of over 20 per cent over that provided during the previous four-year period. It was noted, however, that the amount of technical assistance actually delivered, expressed in terms of man/months of expert service. fellowship training, etc. had decreased and that the greater expenditure under the programme had been due. to inflation. In view of the financial difficulties experienced by the United Nations Development Programme during the early part oftha! period and the need to impose severe constraints on programme delivery, the reduction in actual delivery was both understandable and regrettable.

4.2.2 Congress was pleased to note that the financial difficulties which had beset the United Nations Development Programme in 1975 and 1976 had been over­come and that the programme was again on a sound financial base with expectations of maintaining a substantial growth rate in both contributions and delivery of_ assistance. The recognition by governments of the United Nations Development Programme as the principal funding source for technical co-operation activities in the United Nations development system is expected to ensure continued financial

68 GENERAL SUMMARY

support by donor governments and increased assistance to developing-country Members.

4.2.3 Congress wished to express its appreciation to the UNDP for the assistance provided to Members of'WMO in strengthening their Meteorological and Hydrological Services and in the training of personnel, particularly in countries which in recent years had experienced disastrous droughts, and hoped that the UNDP would be able to provide increased assistance in future to meet the devel­opment needs in these fields.

Country programmes

4.2.4 Congress noted with interest the information provided by the Secretary-General on new procedures introduced by the UNDP to provide greater flexibility in responding to the changing requirements of developing countries but expressed the view· that in the fields of meteorology and hydrology improved procedures in carrying out technical assistance projects were not as important as developing the basic awareness in the individual countries of the important role that meteorology ind hydrology can play in national economic and social development. Under country programming procedures the national planning authorities in the individual countries establish the priorities of development projects to be imple­mented. In many countries -the priority given to meteorological and hydrological projects is relatively low due to the lack of appreciation of their importance and development in these fields is repeatedly deferred. As a consequence the contri­butions that an effective Meteorological and Hydrological Service can make to national economy are not realized because the capacities of those Services are not fully developed. To overcome this problem, Congress urged Members to review their priorities for development and to give meteorological and hy;drological projects a sufficiently high priority to ensure that development in these fields keeps pace with development in other sectors of the economy. Congress requested the Secretary-General to prepare and circulate a brochure to governments through the UNDP Resident Representatives on the importance of Meteorological and Hydro­logical Services to national economic and social development.

4.2.5 Congress noted that Meteorological and Hydrological Services, at their present level of development, were frequently not _utilized to the extent possible in support of other economic sectors and agreed that the Secretary-General should devise appropriate procedures for informing permanent representatives, if they so request, of development projects within their countries that could use meteorological and hydrological information and advice.

4.2.6 Considering that in some countries the permanent representatives have had little or no experience in [onnulating requests for UNDP assistance, Congress requested the Secretary-General to provide additional information to pennanent representatives on UNDP country programming procedures and practices and to assist, if desired, in the preparation of project documents.

GENERAL SUMMARY 69

4.2.7 Congress noted that the United Nations Development Programme had allocated funds for sectoral support that would enable some of the smaller executing agencies to provide professional advice to UNDP Resident Representatives in their consideration of specific requests for assistance and expressed appreciation that WMO had been authorized to spend US $150000 in 1979 for sectoral advice in the fields of meteorology and hydrology. Congress considered that the advice that could be provided under this arrangement would be of great value not only to Resident Representatives in analysing the professional aspects of proposed projects but also to the Directors of Meteorological and Hydrological Services in expressing their requirements in project documents and hoped that funds would continue to be made available in future years for this purpose.

Inter-country programmes

4.2.8 Congress reviewed the assistance provided by the UNDP under inter-country programmes and expressed the view that support for meteorological and hydrological projects should be considerably increased. Congress requested the Secretary-General to emphasize to UNDP authorities the importance of including such projects in inter-country programme proposals disseminated to the developing countries for consideration and endorsement.

4.2.9 Congress noted with appreciation that strong support had been provided by the UNDP under the inter-country projects to implement the programme for strengthening the Agrometeorological and Hydrological Services of the SaheHan countries and to establish a centre for training and applications of agrometeorology and operational hydrology. Congress agreed that these projects were of great importance to the countries of the Sahelian region and requested the Secretary-General to express its "gratitude to the Administrator of the UNDP for the support given.

4.2.10 Congress noted that the Buenos Aires Plan of Action calls upon the United Nations development system to play a prominent role in promoting technical co-operation among developing countries (TCDq and requests the organizations of the system to contribute to the implementation of the Plan of Action and to re-orient their internal policies and procedures in order to respond adequately to the principles and objectives of TCDC. Congress expressed its strong support for the principles of TCDC and urged Members to employ TCDC procedures to the extent possible in developing their Meteorological and Hydro­logical Services. Congress requested the Secretary-General to ensure WMO's continued co-operation with the UNDP in promoting TCDC and, as far as possible, to apply TCDC approaches in the execution of technical co-operation projects.

4.2.11 The decision of Congress on the use of TCDC is given in Resolution 36(Cg-VIII).

70 GENERAL SUMMARY

4.2.12 Congress requested the Secretary-General to keep further devel­opments in the UNDP programming system under close review and to co-operate fully with the Administrator of the UNDP in developing new concepts and procedures that will increase the effectiveness of assistance given to developing countries in the field of meteorology and operational hydrology.

4.2.13 The views of Congress on the participation of the World Meteoro­logical Organization in the UNDP were included in Resolution 36(Cg-VlI1). Congress decided to keep in force Resolution 32(Cg-VII) concerning the partici­pation of Members of the World Meteorological Organization in the United Nations Development Programme.

4.3 Voluntary Assistance Programme (V AP) (Agenda item 4.3)

4.3.1 Review of the VA? for the period 1975-1979

4.3.1.1 Congress noted with satisfaction that the progress achieved through YAP fully substantiated the decision of Seventh Congress to continue the WMO Voluntary Assistance Programme for providing assistance in the implementation of the WWW plan and the granting of long-term and short-term fellowships. The programme consists of two components, namely the Voluntary Assistance Fund (V AP(F)) and the Equipment and Service Programme (V AP(ES)). As authorized by Seventh Congress. the Executive Committee at its twenty-seventh session approved the "Rules for the utilization of the WMO Voluntary Assistance Programme (V AP)" subsequently amended by the Executive Committee at its twenty-eighth session. These rules define the resources, the management arrangements, procedures for project formulation and for the approval of projects and their implementation.

4.3.1.2 Congress noted that the purpose of the Voluntary Assistance Programme in the period 1976-1979 had been to provide assistance in:

(a) The implementation of the WWW plan; (b) The granting of long-term fellowships; (c) The application ofWWWin the field of hydrology; (d) The granting of short-term fellowships for personnel engaged in the WWW

activities; (e) The support of short-term training seminars for personnel engaged in the

WWW activities.

It shall not compete with or replace other means and resources available for assisting in the implementation of the WWW plan. Accordingly the V AP should be regarded as being a supplement to the following programmes and activities, upon which the full implementation of the WWW plan must for the main part inevitably depend:

GENERAL SUMMARY

(a) National meteorological programmes; (b) Bilateral or multi-lateral programmes of meteorological assistance; (c) United Nations Development Programme.

71

The authority for approving the utilization of VAP(F) and VAP(ES) rests with the Executive Committee, which set up the Executive Committee Panel of Experts on WMO Voluntary Assistance Programme (V AP) to deal with YAP matters, in particular, to take the following action on each individual YAP project:

(a) Approval for circulation; (b) Authorization of implementation; (c) Follow-up of the implementation.

4.3.1.3 Congress noted that in the period I January 1975 to 31 December 1978, 448 projects from 98 Members had been approved for circulation so that as on 31 December 1978, 985 projects from 112 Members had been approved for circulation. Of these, 393 projecis-have now been completed, 133 are mider imple­mentation with full support, 108 with partial support leaving, however, 351 projects still seeking assist~nce.

4.3.1.4 Congress was pleased to note that the annual contribution to the Voluntary Assistance Fund had been approximately US $400 000 during the seventh financial period. The total contributions to the fund by 51 countries during 1968-1978 were US $4463885. With regard to VAP(ES), during the last four years contributions provided by Members in equipment, services, short-term and long­term fellowships are estimated to be worth nearly US $16 million, making a total estimated value of VAP(ES) contributions of US $37.9 million from 29 Members. Congress also noted with appreciation contributions received from Members with very limited financial resources as well as support which has been provided under bilateral arrangements.

4.3.1.5 Congress noted with appreciation the important support provided to upgrade upper-air stations in the tropics and to increase observational programmes to meet the requirements of the FGGE and its regional experiments as well as the valuable expert services provided to assist in the installation, operation and maintenance of telecommunications and electronic equipment.

4.3.1.6 Congress noted with satisfaction that some Members had helped each other under mutual assistance arrangements and encouraged other Members to enter into similar arrangements.

4.3.1.7 Congress expressed its appreciation of the excellent manner in which the YAP activities had been carried out. It was felt that V AP had been very efficient in the implementation of the WWW plan and had played an important role in the training of personnel by providing short-term and long-term fellowships.

4.3.2 Continuation of the programme under the new title "The WMO Voluntary Co-operation Programme"

72 GENERAL SUMMARY

4.3.2.1 Congress decided that, due to the valuable support provided in the seventh financial period and the continuing need for international collaboration between Members for the implementation of the WWW plan as approved by Congress, including the application of WWW in the field of hydrology, as well as the important need of training through fellowships, the programme should be continued along similar lines as in the seventh financial period but under a new name - the WMO Voluntary Co·operation Programme (VCP) - to reflect better the joint effort required by both donor and recipient Members for the successful implementation of projects. However, it was decided to expand the programme to include support to agrometeorological activities, the establishment of observing and data-processing facilities necessary for the World Climate Programme and short­term training seminars for personnel not engaged in the WWW but in other activities covered by the VCP.

4.3.2.2 Regarding the relationship of the Voluntary Co-operation Programme to other technical assistance programmes, Congress emphasized OlIce again that the VCP should be regarded as being a supplement and· should not compete with or replace other assistance programmes.

4.3.2.3 Congress authorized the Executive Committee to establish Voluntary Co-operation Programme rules and procedures for the operation of the programme during the eighth financial period in accordance with the decisions of Eighth Congress.

4.3.2.4 Congress requested the Executive Committee, when establishing these rules. to review also the guidelines for use in the implementation of vep projects in order that priority for implementation be given to projects for the establishment of important elements of the WWW plan and, in particular, of the GTS. The rules should also stipulate that projects which have been circulated for more than five years and which have not been supported shall be reviewed, updated

- or cancelled as appropriate.

4.3.2.5 Congress noted with appreciation the consolidated report on progress in the programme distributed each year by the Secretary-General and requested the Secretary-General to continue this practice, using the new title Consol­idated report on the Voluntary Co-operation Programme including projects approved for circulation in 19 . ..

4.3.2.6

4.4

Resolution 37(Cg-VIII) was adopted.

Other WMO assistance programmes (Agenda item 4.4)

Technical assistance from the regular budget during the seventh financial period

4.4.1 Congress noted with appreciation that from the amount of US $1 034030 available for this purpose (US $1 019000 included in the budget for the seventh financial period and US $15 030 carried over from the previous period), 58

GENERAL SUMMARY 73

fellowships had been awarded and implemented up to the end of 1978 and that 24 had so far been awarded and implemented in 1979.

4.4.2 It was noted with satisfaction that the Secretary·General had used the provision in the regular budget judiciously, and that long·term fellowships had been approved under this provision only when they could not be provided under UNDP, V AP or other resources or accepted when offered. It was felt that the provision in the regular budget for long·term fellowships, though small, served the very important purpose of filling the gap when other resources fell short and assisted in many cases where otherwise deserving candidates presented by governments might not have been able to obtain fellowships for their training.

Technical assistance from the regular budget for the eighth financial period Fellowships

4.4.3 Congress considered that the developing countries would still require a large number of long-term fellowships during the eighth financial period. In order to meet these requirements the number of fellowships available from the various resources would need to be increased. At the same time, it was emphasized that all long-term fellowships available under the V AP had not been fully utilized in the current financial period, and that every effort should be made to utilize fully all existing offers. However. in view of the usefulness of the provision under the regular budget to supplement other programmes and fill gaps in other resources, Congress decided that adequate provision should be included for long-term fellowships in the regular budget for the eighth financial period.

4.4.4 In addition to long-term fellowships, many developing countries were also in need of short-term fellowships for on-the-job training and training in specialized fields. Although such fellowships were usually obtained under the UNDP, many developing countries found it difficult to satisfy their ad hoc requirements of short-term fellowships from the UNDP and therefore stressed the need for some provision in the regular budget for this type of fellowship.

4.4.5 It was on the other hand pointed out that some countries give consid­erable assistance as regards shorter-term fellowships through bilateral assistance, and that other Members, while furnishing relatively sophisticated equipment, send at the same time experts who stay for some time in the recipient country in order to give on-the-job training in maintenance, as well as in operational use of the equipment. ]t was recognized that this was a very useful way of professional training.

4.4.6 Although it was realized that some short-term fellowships could also be obtained under Yep, it was felt that the provision of such fellowships under VCP would not satisfy all of the requirements for training in the fields approved for vep

74 GENERAL SUMMARY

assistance and Congress therefore decided to include provision for this purpose in the regular budget for the eighth financial period.

Training seminars and technical conferences

4.4.7 Congress took into account the general concern expressed by developing countries at the increasing difficulty in obtaining UNDP financing for training seminars and technical conferences. It was therefore felt necessary to include in the regular budget again a provision for training seminars and technical 'conferences to supplement UNDP resources. Congress accordingly decided to' include provision for this purpose in the regular budget to be used only in the case of important seminars and technical conferences which cannot be financed under the UNDP or from voluntary resources.

Training of refugees

4.4.8 Congress noted with satisfaction that, in accordance with decisions of previous Congresses, to give wider assistance by the Organization for the training of refugees, WMO had made great efforts during the seventh financial period to locate and assist in the training of refugees for meteorological and hydrological careers. It was felt that, for the eighth financial period as well, budgetary provision should be included in the regular budget for awarding fellowships io refugees. Further decisions of Congress on this subject are given in paragraph 8.4.2.

4.4.9 The decisions of the Congress on the exact financial provision for the various items mentioned in paragraphs 4.4.3 to 4.4.8 above are included under agenda item 9.

4.5 Organization of technical co-operation activities (Agenda item 4.5)

4.5.1 Congress noted the infonnation provided by the Secretary-General on the organization of technical co-operation activities in the Secretariat during the seventh financial period. During this period the Technical Co-operation Department was responsible for the planning, management and execution of all assistance projects implemented under the UNDP, YAP and trust-fund programmes and, jointly with the Education and Training Department. for authorizing fellowships awarded under the regular budget. It was noted with appre­ciation that assistance provided under these programmes had been closely co­ordinated with different parts of the Secretariat and that the operation and adminis­tration of UNDP and trust-fund projects had continued to be financed from allocations received from the funding sources, while the cost of staff of the V AP Branch had been met from the regular budget.

GENERAL SUMMARY 75

Arrangements during the eighth financial period

4.5.2 Congress agreed that, in the eighth financial period, the execution of technical assistance projects supported under the UNDP, VCP, trust funds, etc. should continue to be the responsibility of the Technical Co-operation Department, as this facilitates co-ordination of th'e activities under the various assistance programmes and strengthens the services to Members. Close co-ordination should continue to be maintained between the Technical Co-operation Department and the technical departments concerned to ensure that full technical support is provided for the projects.

4.5.3 As regards the financing of the Technical Co-operation Department during the eighth financial period, Congress agreed that the cost of staff for VCP management would be met from the regular budget as in the current period. Congress also agreed that the staff costs incurred in the administration of regular budget and VCP fellowships and in the procurement of equipment to satisfy VCP r.equests should be borne by the respective budgets. With regard to the other staff engaged in the management of technical co-operation activities, whose cost has been met from allocations received from the UNDP and trust funds, Congress gave careful consideration to the proposal of the Secretary-General that support from the regular budget be provided for direction of department activities, programme planning, evaluation and follow-up, as these functions are of a general nature and not applicable to any single programme. Congress considered that the support cost reimbursements received from UNDP and other technical assistance funding sources should also cover these particular functions and reiterated its policy that in principle all identifiable administrative and operational expenses incurred in the implementation of UNDP and trust-fund projects should continue to be financed from the allocations received from the UNDP and trust funds (see paragraph 4.5.3 of the general summary of the abridged report of Seventh Congress and Resolution l5(Cg-V)).

4.5.4 Congress agreed that if, as a result of increasing dollar costs of the staff concerned due to currency fluctuations and/or adjustments in salaries and allowances approved by the United Nations, the administrative support costs allocated by UNDP became insufficient to meet the entire cost of the staff involved in implementing UNDP projects, the additional costs might be met from the regular budget as otherwise staff might have to be reduced, with consequent adverse effects on the effective provision of assistance to developing countries. In such a contingency any flexibility provision applicable to staff salaries of personnel financed from the regular budget could be applied to the Technical Co-operation Dep~rtment staff concerned, to the extent necessary, with the concurrence of the Executive Committee.

76 GENERAL SUMMARY

5. Regional programmes (Agenda item 5)

5.1 Reports of presidents of regional associations (Agenda item 5.1)

5.1.1 Congress noted with appreciation the reports submitted by the presidents of regional- associations. These reports induded a review of the activities developed as well as the shortcomings faced in the implementation of the different WMO programmes in each Region since Seventh Congress, and submitted to Congress's consideration proposals concerning the work programmes of regional associations for the eighth financial period.

5.1.2 The different matters raised in these reports were considered under the relevant items of the agenda. Nevertheless, Congress agreed on the need to give a high priority to:

(a) The implementation of the Global Telecommunication System of the WWW;

(b) The activation of the training of the scientific and technical personnel; and (c) The development of an appropriate action enabling the integration of services

provided by national Meteorological and Hydrological Services into the economic and social development of their respective countries.

5. 1.3 Congress noted with satisfaction the efforts made by Members from the developing countries to co-operate among themselves by seconding the services of their available experts, providing training and donating equipment. Congress recommended to Members that the available external assistance means. including V APjVCP and bilateral projects, should also be used to provide support to the regional training centres. It also recommended that Members increase the number of fellowships for undertaking studies in these centres and implement new projects designed to permit the services provided by the Meteorological and Hydrological Services of developing countries to be better integrated with the WMO programmes and projects.

5.2 Regional activities (Agenda item 5.2)

5.2.1 Regional Offices

5.2.1.1 Congress reviewed the activities of the Regional Offices developed dunng the seventh financial period and expressed its satisfaction at the valuable support the Organization provided to its Members through the efficient work of its regional directors. The discussion of this important matter showed that Congress unanimously supported the request of regional associations concerned that the Regional Offices be located in their respective Regions and agreed that it was necessary to provide each of these Regional Offices with an optimum number of

GENERAL SUMMARY 77

professional and general service staff to enable them to provide to Members the required assistance in the development and strengthening of Meteorological and Hydrological Services and in the effective co-ordination of their activities.

5.2.1.2 In this context, Congress endorsed the decision adopted by the seventh session of the Regional Association for Africa urging the transfer of the corresponding Regional Office from Geneva to a suitable location in Region I and approved the decisions adopted by the thirtieth session of the Executive Committee on the appointment of the WMO Regional Director for Asia and the detachment of the Regional Director for Latin America to Asuncion (Paraguay).

5.2.1.3 Congress expressed its satisfaction at the manner in which the financial problems involved in the relocation of the Regional Office for Latin America had been solved thanks to the kind offer made by the host country. In expressing its recognition to the Government of Paraguay for its valuable contribution, Congress recommended that a similar approach be attempted in the relocation of the other WMO Regional Offices in their respective Regions. Congress also recommended that the possibilities of co-location with regional offices of other UN organizations be investigated.

5.2.1.4 Regarding the establishment of the Regional Offices in their respective Regions, Congress agreed that the current state of development of these offices called for the adoption of different measures to satisfy the objectives to be reached during the eighth financial period. [n this respect, it was felt that during the eighth financial period the recently established Regional Office for Asia should continue to be located in the WMO headquarters in Geneva while those for Africa and Latin America should be operated in their respective Regions, with a suitable increase of their respective staffs.

5.2.1.5 Congress was aware of the fact that the aim of providing these Regional Offices with the required staff and facilities could not be reached during the coming financial period due to the stringent budgetary situation. It therefore requested the Secretary-General to assist the regional associations concerned to programme the further development of the respective Regional Offices and to include the required budgetary provisions in the budget estimates for the ninth financial period.

5.2.1.6 Regarding the operation of the Regional Offices, Congress also requested the Secretary-General to revise the responsibilities of the regional directors, as adopted by Seventh Congress, in the light of the experience gained with the operation of the Regional Offices located outside the WMO headquarters. The results of this revision should be communicated to Members as well as reported to the Executive Committee for the adoption of appropriate interim operational procedures. The Secretary-General was also requested to submit the revised respon­sibilities of the regional directors for approval by Ninth Congress. In this connexion, Congress re-emphasized the fact that the directors and staff of the

78 GENERAL SUMMARY

Regional Offices were a part of the WMO Secretariat, and that their relocation in their Regions should therefore neither change this condition nor influence the procedures regarding the relations between permanent representatives and the Organization.

5.2.1.7 Congress further agreed that the Regional Office for Asia should serve not only RA II but also countries in Region V. and the Regional Office for Latin America all the countries in Regions III and IV.

5.3 Antarctic (Agenda item 5.3)

Congress noted with appreciation the work of the Executive Committee and the work carried out by its Working Group on Antarctic Meteoro­logy to co-ordinate the meteorological programme in the Antarctic. Congress felt that these arrangements were in general satisfactory but agreed that some clarifi­cation was necessary in respect of the procedures for ensuring full compliance with the provisions of the Antarctic Treaty. Congress adopted Resolution 38(Cg-VIII).

6. Education and Training Programme (Agenda item 6)

General

6.1 Congress reviewed with satisfaction the activities of the Organization in the field of education and training during the seventh financial period and expressed its appreciation of the manner in which the Executive Committee and the Secretary-General had carried out the directives of Seventh Congress in this field. It agreed that the Education and Training Programme should be regarded as a matter of very high priority of the Organization and that, during the eighth financial period, a commensurate effort should be made to provide assistance and advice to Members in the field of education and training to enable them to meet the increasing demands of qualified personnel required for the application of meteoro­logy and operational hydrology to various fields of economic and social devel­opment in their countries and for the development of WMO technical and scientific programmes. Congress greatly appreciated the assistance given to these programmes by the UNDP, V AP and FIT.

6.2 Education and Training Services Programme

Regional meteorological training facilities

6.2.1 Congress noted with satisfaction that since Seventh Congress two new regional training centres had been established, the first in Baghdad and the

GENERAL SUMMARY 79

second at the University of the Philippines. Other regional training centres in operation are in Algeria, Argentina, Barbados (Caribbean Meteorological Organ­ization), Egypt, Kenya, Niger, Nigeria and Venezuela. Each of these centres has played a major role in imparting education and training to meteorological personnel from the developing countries. A procedure for providing information to the recognized centres should be developed to ensure that the centres are kept informed of all WMO education and training activities. Details of the courses given at each of these centres, as well as courses in other national Services. are set out in the WMO Compendium of meteorological training facilities (WMO - No. 240).

Preparation of training surveys

6.2.2 Congress noted with satisfaction that the existing centres were meeting to an increasing extent the requirements of the Members concerned. It was agreed that support should be offered, within the resources available, to strength­ening existing training centres and establishing new regional centres where appropriate to meet the requirements of Members. The need for establishing regional training centres for French-speaking and Portuguese-speaking students of RA I was particularly mentioned. In order to provide assistance and advice to Members, Congress agreed that extensive studies and surveys of the training requirements should be carried out by the Secretary-General in view of the increasing demand for courses in specialized fields such as marine meteorology, agricultural meteorology, climatology and data processing, numerical weather prediction, operation and maintenance of meteorological instruments, telecommu­nications and other electronic equipment as well as in the field of operational hydrology.

Preparation of compendia of lecture notes and training manuals

6.2.3 Congress noted that, since its seventh session, new syllabuses for training in the fields of meteorological satellites and meteorological aspects of air pollution had been prepared and published in the revised edition of the WMO Guidelines for the education and training of personnel in meteorology and operational hydrology, which also contains syllabuses of fourteen other meteorological fields and operational hydrology.

6.2.4 Congress noted also with great interest the numerous training publi­cations (blue series) prepared and published by the Organization and those under preparation since its seventh session. These publications, which include compendia of lecture notes in different application fields in meteorology, were being used in national and regional training centres. Congress agreed that activity in this field should be continued during the eighth financial period to cover training manuals and new compendia of lecture notes dealing with the main subjects of the programmes of WMO.

80 GENERAL SUMMARY

6.2.5 Congress noted the importance of meteorological and hydrological textbooks in the field of education and training. In view of the high costs of those published in developed countries, Congress requested the Executive Committee to explore the possibility of production of less expensive editions for use in developing countries.

6.2.6 It was agreed that compendia issued by the Organization should be translated into other WMO official languages and should be available at a reduced price.

WMO Training Library

6.2.7 Congress agreed to strengthen the WMO Training Library to meet Members' requirements for audio-visual aids, in particular instructional films, by eliminating films which are out of date and by acquiring new films incorporating recent advances in meteorological and hydrological sciences and technology. The aids available in the Training Library serve as the basis for advising Members on the availability of such material, and films are provided on a loan basis to Members on request.

6.3 Education and Training Projects Programme

Special training courses

6.3.1 Congress agreed on the need to organize training courses in several specialized fields such as meteorological satellites, meteorological instruments, climatology, weather modification, cloud physics, agrometeorology, air pollution, marine meteorology, numerical weather prediction, meteorological aspects of energy problems and also operational hydrology. It considered that these courses could be provided either through the expansion of the programmes by Members as well as of some of the Regional Training Centres or by use of roving seminars.

6.3.2 Congress noted with appreciation the efforts being carried out by some countries, with the assistance of the Organization, in organizing courses in various fields of activity in meteorology and operational hydrology. In this connexion it was pleased to note that more efforts were currently being made in the field of agricultural meteorology. It also noted with appreciation the introduction of postgraduate courses in agricultural meteorology being organized by Reading University (United Kingdom), Fondation Universitaire Luxembourgeoise (Luxemburg). Belgium and Mexico. It appreciated the efforts of Colombia for organizing the Class III agrometeorological course in Bogota.

GENERAL SUMMARY 81

Symposia, conferences and seminars

6.3.3 Congress was pleased to learn that the World-wide Symposium on Education and Training in Meteorology and Meteorological Aspects of Energy Problems had been held in Madrid, Spain, in March 1979. It agreed that these inter­national symposia on education and -training were an essential component of the overall education and training activities of the Organization and decided that another symposium should be convened towards the end of the eighth financial period.

6.3.4 Congress also recognized the usefulness of training national meteoro­logical instructors and considered that training seminars and courses for national instructors from developing countries should be continued.

6.3.5 Congress was pleased to learn that the Seminar on the Use of Data Obtained during GATE held in Cairo during 1977 for Region I (Africa) had proved to be of great value to the Region. It noted that the next financial period would witness the intensification of scientific research in meteorology, hydrology and oceanography as a result of the volume of data acquired during the observational phase of the PGGE. It considered that a seminar on the use of data acquired·during the FGGE and regional experiments should be held during the eighth financial period.

6.4 Education and Training Fellowships Programme

6.4.1 Congress agreed that the training of personnel of all grades of specialization continued to be the great and most pressing need of the Meteoro­logical and Hydrological Services of the developing countries and recommended that adequate provision be made to meet the requirement for qualified staff at the postgraduate level, in order to ensure the active participation of the developing countries in the scientific programmes of WMO.

United Nations Development Programme and funds in fmst

6.4.2 Decisions of Congress relating to the fellowships under the UNDP and funds in trust are given in paragraph 4.1.10.

Voluntary Assistance Programme/Voluntary Co-operation Programme fellowships

6.4.3 Congress agreed on the continuing need for fellowships under the VAP/VCP, including those provided under VAP/VCP(F). In this connexion it recommended that requests for short-term fellowships for personnel engaged in matters not directly related to WWW activities should be given the same order of

82 GENERAL SUMMARY

priority as requests for short-term fellowships for personnel engaged in activities directly related to WWW.

6.5 Institutional arrangements

6.5.1 Congress appreciated the excellent work carried out by the Executive Committee Panel of Experts on Education and Training. It noted that the panel had been re-established by EC-XXX. Congress invited the Executive Committee to consider the continuation of this body to act as a focal point of the Organization's education and training activities during the eighth financial period.

6.6 Training and career

6.6.1 Congress recalled that the purpose of the Education and Training Programme was to assist in the provision of qualified meteorological and hydro­logical personnel to man the national Services of Members. In this connexion, Congress emphasized the importance of ensuring that, in the national Services, qualified personnel be accorded a suitable career status and that official recognition be given to diplomas obtained and to successfully completed studies. These would make the Services more attractive and hence ease the recruitment problems and would also limit the loss of trained personnel.

6.7 Future education and training activities

6.7.1 In considering the future activities of the Organization, it was agreed that, in addition to the continuation and intensification of current projects, special attention should be given to the development of education and training activities related to training of personnel on the main subjects of the programmes of WMO. Congress agreed that priority should be given to the development of Class I and postgraduate training, including Master's degrees and doctorates, as this would improve not only the development in the operational field but also the competence of the research capabilities of Members. In this connexion, Congress encouraged Members to include meteorology and hydrology in the curricula of the universities in developing countries.

6.7.2 The- decisions of Congress related to education and training are incorporated in Resolution 39(Cg-VIII).

7.

7.1

Supporting programmes (Agenda item 7)

Po1icy~making organs and executive management (Agenda item 7.1)

GENERAL SUMMARY 83

7.1. I Congress noted with satisfaction that it had become customary to have a short meeting of the Bureau before each session of the Executive Committee. With a view to institutionalizing this practice, Congress requested the Executive Committee to study this question and to make proposals to Ninth Congress for an appropriate amendment to the General Regulations.

7.1.2 Congress noted the proposal of the Secretary-General for the establishment of an Internal Audit Service independent of the existing financial services, which had been strongly recommended by the External Auditor.

7.1.3 Congress recognized that an Internal Audit Service would be desirable for WMO. In view of the financial constraints, however, it did not approve funds for such a service. The Secretary~General is, however, authorized to establish this service if he is able to findtsavings in the course of implementation of the programmes and without increasing the number of established posts.

7.1.4 Congress considered the Secretary~General's proposal to create a post for a WMO liaison officer in the United Nations in New York. While recog~ nizing that such a post could have certain advantages for the Organization, it decided, for financial reasons, not to support this proposal.

7.1.5 Congress stressed the importance of a harmonious transition during the current year between the Secretary~General and the Secretary-General elect. It noted with satisfaction the views expressed by the Secretary~General during Congress to this effect. Congress agreed that it would be important and useful to have full consultations between the Secretary-General and the Secretary-General elect on all senior staff changes in order to simplify any organizational adjustments the latter might wish to propose.

7.1.6 Other questions concerning the budgetary provisions for Congress, the Executive Committee and matters related to the structure of the Secretariat were considered under agenda item 9.

7.2 Conference programme (Agenda item 7.2)

7.2.1 Congress examined the information submitted by the Secretary~

General on the invitations extended to sessions of WMO regional associations and technical commissions within the eighth financial period (1980-1983). Additional information provided by delegations at Congress enabled a programme of sessions for these various constituent bodies to be established. Congress noted that the draft programme for 1980-1983 presented a particular concentration of sessions of technical commissions during the year 1981, the more so since the invitation for the session of the Commission for Marine Meteorology had been transferred from 1980 to 1981. This concentration resulted in difficulties for Members to ensure proper

84 GENERAL SUMMARY

representation at sessions of these bodies and Congress introduced some amendments to the programme in order to alleviate the problem. As a result the eighth session of the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences was provisionally trans­ferred to February 1982 and the eighth session of the Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology was not maintained in the conference programme for the eighth financial period.

7.2.2 Congress also considered the desirability of confirming the practice of holding extraordinary sessions for certain constituent bodies. It was agreed that this practice should not become general. Extraordinary sessions should be arranged only when there are important reasons for doing so. As regards the Commission for Basic Systems, however, Congress agreed that more flexibility was needed in view of its vast programme of work.

7.2.3 Congress also examined the question of financial assistance which the Organization may give to host countries inviting sessions of constituent bodies. It recalled the policy established by Sixth Congress and continued by Seventh Congress by which the financial and other support required in each case from the host country would correspond to the difference between the cost of holding the session in Geneva and in the host country. This policy had been applied during the sixth and seventh financial periods and experience had shown that it was a satis­factory system. Congress accordingly decided that the same policy should be continued during the eighth financial period.

7.2.4 It was noted that the provisional programme for the year 1981 was very concentrated and that every effort should be made to make this programme less concentrated. The programme of sessions for the eighth financial period and of invitations for hosting them is given in Annex I.

7.3 PUblications programme (Agenda item 7.3)

7.3.1 Congress agreed to the programme of publications proposed by the Secretary-General for the eighth financial period. Its decisions on this matter are contained in Resolution 401.Cg-VIII).

7.3.2 Congress noted that, during the seventh financial period, the publi­cations programme had been carried out according to the policy defined at the previous Congress. However. in the case of publications issued in several languages, the French, Russian and Spanish versions were sometimes delayed as the Language and Publications Branches of the Secretariat were overloaded. It noted with satis­faction that, in order to reduce the production costs of publications, which are par­ticularly high, especially when printing is in four languages, and also to accelerate the production of WMO publications, the Secretariat was studying the possibility of using new technologies such as text-processing systems. In addition, Congress felt

GENERAL SUMMARY 85

that the problem of delay in publications needing to be translated could be partly solved by making suitable arrangements with the Members concerned.

7.3.3 Although this question is not directly related to the publications programme, the attention of Congress was drawn to the fact that, on some occasions, useful information relating to meetings of working groups, informal planning meetings, etc., did not reach the permanent representatives by the official channels. Congress agreed that the distribution of documents and reports related to such meetings should be considered by the Executive Committee during its thirty­second session.

7.4 Public information programme (Agenda item 7.4)

7.4.1 Congress discussed the aims and purposes of the public information programme of the Organization. It reaffirmed that these activities are of great importance in demonstrating the importance of the support that meteorology, climatology and operational hydrology can provide to most of the human activities and consequently to socio-economic development. Likewise, they are important in publicizing the activities carried out under various programmes of the Organization, including scientific and technical co-operation between WMO Members and with international organizations.

7.4.2 Congress recognized the importance of a viable and well-organized information programme in building up public support for Meteorological and Hydrological Services. It agreed that public information material prepared by an international organization such as WMO could be a valuable means of promoting public interest in meteorology and in convincing governmental authorities and decision makers of the beneficial role of Meteorological and Hydrological Services, in particular on the occasion of World Meteorological Day.

7.4.3 Congress noted with satisfaction the action taken in connexion with specific activities such as the monitoring of environment parameters, the Precipi­tation Enhancement Project, the Global Weather Experiment, the World Climate Conference and the World Climate Programme. It agreed that these activities as well !IS those carried out in relation to the other more conventional meteorological or hydrological programmes had assisted greatly in promoting public interest.

·7.4.4 Congress stressed the importance of the celebrations of World Meteorological Day, particularly in the developing world. It agreed that action should be taken to send to Members the general and more standard information material as early as possible and no later than January each year. Supplementary material could be sent in the following weeks.

7.4.5 Congress agreed that WMO public information printed material ~hould be given wide distribution. The list should include national meteorological libraries and the libraries of parliaments or renowned universities which could be

86 GENERAL SUMMARY

proposed by the permanent .representatives. This decision should be implemented as far as possibie within the limits of financial resources available.

7.4.6 As regards audiowvisual material, it was emphasized that posters and films were very useful for both public information and training purposes. In this context Congress noted that there was a need for short film sequences on WMO activities which-could also be distributed upon request to television companies on special occasions.

7.4.7 Congress expressed its gratitude to those Members who had provided the Secretariat with films, slides, photographs or other information material. It expressed the hope that other Members in a position to do so would also send similar material in order to enlarge the existing Film and Photo Library.

7.4.8 Congress was pleased with the arrangements in connexion with the exhibition on meteorological and hydrological instruments entitled METEO­HYDEX organized on the occasion of Eighth Congress. It was agreed that this had enabled participants to obtain direct infonnation about the latest material available on the market. It recommended that similar exhibitions be organized in connexion with Congress or other appropriate WMO meetings in order to keep Members informed of technological advances in the field of meteorology and hydrometeoro­logy in general and in instruments in particular.

7.4.9 Congress adopted Resolution 41(Cg-VIII), which defines the WMO policy in this field during the eighth financial period.

8.

8.1

Co-operation with United Nations and other organizations (Agenda item 8)

Co-operation and working arrangements with the United Nations and other organizations

8.1.1 Congress reviewed the existing relations with the United Nations and other international organizations and decided that close co-operation, consultation and co-ordination with these organizations should be maintained following the policy laid down in Resolution 6(Cg-V), which was subsequently endorsed by Sixth and Seventh Congresses and which it was decided to maintain in force.

8.1.2 Congress noted with satisfaction the action taken by the Executive Committee in concluding formal agreements and working arrangements with other international organizations. It authorized the Executive Committee to consider, when appropriate, the advisability of concluding formal agreements with other international organizations and to enter into such further working arrangements as might be necessary, subject to the provisions of Article 26 of the WMO Convention.

GENERAL SUMMARY 87

8.1.3 Congress noted the increasing involvement of the Organization in the activities of the United Nations bodies and organizations and particularly the growing awareness of these bodies and organizations in the relevance of WMO programmes in such activities.

8.1.4 Congress recognized the additional workload being placed on the Secretariat resulting from the increasing involvement of the Organization in the activities of the United Nations system as a whole. The Secretary-General, however, was requested to make every effort within the limits of existing resources to ensure that the Organization fulfilled its obligations to the United Nations system.

8.2 Restructuring of the economic and social sectors of the United Nations system

8.2.1 Congress took note of arrangements taking place to streamline the functioning of the economic and social sectors of the United Nations in response to General Assembly Resolution 32/197. It welcomed in particular the restructuring of the machinery of the Administrative Committee on Co-ordination (ACC) which is responsible for the co-ordination of programmes within the United Nations system as a whole. It recommended that the Organization should continue to participate in the work of ACC and its administrative machinery to the maximum extent possible, subject to the provisions of Article 26 of the WMO Convention.

8.2.2 As regards the need for a possible small secretariat to service the newly created ACC Consultative Committee on Substantive Questions (CCSQ), to be fmanced on an inter-agency basis, the Secretary-General was authorized to provide assistance within the limits of the available budget.

8.3 Statute of the Joint InspeCtion Unit

8.3.1 Congress studied the Statute of the loint Inspection Unit, agreed by the thirty-first session of the General Assembly of the United Nations, which had been submitted to the Organization for adoption. It noted that paragraph 2 of Article I of the Statute stated that the lIU "shall be responsible to the General Assembly of the United Nations and similarly to the competent legislative organs of the specialized agencies and other international organizations within the United Nations system which accept the present Statute", Some Members, while accepting the spirit of this article, felt that its strict application could present legal difficulties in respect of the Convention and General Regulations of the Organizationt which contained no provisions for such an arrangement. Nevertheless, recognizing the valuable work being carried out by the Joint Inspection Unit, Congress decided to accept the Statute as approved by the General Assembly on the understanding that the provision of paragraph 2 of Article I would be studied further. It further agreed

88 GENERAL SUMMARY

that the current practice whereby lIU reports are submitted to the Executive Committee through the Secretary-General should be continued.

8.4 Recommendations addressed to WMO by the United Nations

8.4.1 Congress reviewed Resolutions 32/90, 33/28, 33/30, 33/32, 33/33, 33/34,33/35,33/38,33/40,33/41,33/44,33/45, 33/47, 33/112, 33/143, 33/164, 33/182 and 33/183 adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations as weH as Resolutions A/AC.109/571 and AjAC.109/572 adopted by the Special Committee on the situation with regard to the implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples. It noted that in many cases similar resolutions had been addressed to the Organization and that appropriate action had already been taken by the Executive Committee. Congress endorsed the action taken by the Executive Committee in respect of these resolutions and confirmed that it should continue to deal with these matters.

8.4.2 Regarding the provision of WMO feHowships to refugees, Congress noted that, in the past, such fellowships had been reserved for refugees from colonial countries in Africa. Congress agreed to broaden the scope of availability of these fellowships to include Palestinian refugees. On this question, two lines of thought were expressed. One suggested the restriction of fellowships offered, to the two categories of refugees mentioned. The second line of thought did not foresee any restriction whatsoever. Nevertheless, Congress decided that budgetary funds allocated to fellowships for refugees should be used for training refugees as defined by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, particular attention being given, however, to those refugees for whom the United Nations General Assembly has specifically requested the specialized agencies of the UN to provide assistance.

8.4.3 Congress also took note of that section of Resolution 33/143 relating to the employment of women in the United Nations system. While supporting fully the substance and spirit of this section, Congress recognized that, given the specialized nature of the meteorological and hydrological sciences, it would not be possible for WMO to meet the target quota, recommended by the General Assem~ly, in the near future.

8.5 Relationship between the World Meteorological Organization and the International Seismological Centre (Isq

8.5.1 Congress noted a recommendation of the Governing Council (May 1978 session) of the International Seismological Centre, a non-governmental scientific organization. This recommendation considered a number of possibilities regarding the reorganization of its work; one of these was a change to inter-govern­mental status, possibly by incorporation with WMO or by the establishment of an inter-governmental body under the auspices of Unesco. However, Congress also

GENERAL SUMMARY 89

noted that no formal request had yet been received from the Centre on this subject.

8.5.2 Congress noted that the twenty-ninth session of the Executive Com­mittee had considered an enquiry received from ISC regarding the possible transfer of the activities of the Centre to WMO. Differing views had been expressed by the members of the Executive Committee as to the appropriateness of accepting the request, from both the substantive and procedural points of view. It had been unanimously recognized that any decision on a matter of this kind could be taken only by Congress. The Executive Committee, however, had agreed that, in the meantime, WMO could establish a working arrangement with the Centre in accordance with Article 26 of the WMO Convention; a working arrangement had accordingly been established on 5 October 1977 by an exchange of letters.

8.5.3 During the discussion at Congress, views were expressed that the Centre's activities were related to those of WMO; some Members therefore supported the proposal of the possible transfer of the activities of the Centre to WMO. However, the majority of Members were of the opinion that the activities of the Centre did not fall within the purposes of WMO because seismological obser­vations were not related to meteorology and that the provisions of Article 2 (a) of the WMO Convention were thus not satisfied. Congress therefore agreed that, if such a request were formal1y received, WMO should not accede to it. However, Congress agreed that WMO should continue to assist the activities of the Centre with regard to the transmission of seismic data on the GTS and the development of appropriate codes.

8.6 Use of the WWW Global Telecommunication System for the routine transmission of seismic events

8.6.1 Congress considered a document submitted by the Secretary-General containing a summary of the report of the Ad Hoc Group of Scientific Experts set up by the United Nations Committee on Disarmament (CD) to consider inter­national co-operative measures to detect and to identify seismic events. The report recommended the use of the WWW Global Telecommunication System for the routine tranmission of certain seismic events. Congress noted that, at the present stage, the proposals had not been officially approved by the CD and that, if a request for WMO participation were received, it would come from the United Nations and presumably with the _ approval of the United Nations General Assembly. In view, however, of their highly important nature and the possible need for WMO to take appropriate action- before Ninth Congress, it was considered necessary that Eighth Congress should give appropriate directives in this respect.

8.6.2 If such a scheme were introduced, the role of WMO would be essen­tially one of providing support to an officially approved United Nations pro­gramme. Such an action on the part of WMO would thus seem to be fully in accord

90 GENERAL SUMMARY

with the basic agreement between the United Nations and WMO as one of its specialized agencies. Congress therefore agreed, in principle, that WMO should assist the United Nations in this matter, if formally requested; and authorized the Executive Committee to study and take appropriate action on such a request if it were received prior to Ninth Congress. However, the final decision on this question should depend on the possibility of transmitting seismic messages on the GTS without compromising the activities proper to ~he Organization.

9. Consolidated programme and budget (Agenda item 9)

General

9.1 Congress considered under this item the programme and budget proposed by the Secretary"General for the eighth financial period (1980-1983). A general review of the main programme activities was followed by a detailed discussion of the budgetary aspects to finance the approved programme of the Organization under each part of the regular budget.

9.2 The Secretary-General introduced his programme and budget proposals with the remark that the existing seven programmes of the Organization constituted a sound general basis for the next financial period. Two additional programmes were being proposed. The accentuated interest in the activities relating to climate demanded a separate World Climate Programme. The other programme for operational services was not a new proposal but a regrouping of some of the existing activities under a convenient title in order to facilitate the work of the Secretariat. A brief description of each programme was given. He then proceeded to define his proposals regarding the structure of the Secretariat and the staff requirements which, he explained, must be compatible with the programmes it had to implement. He underlined the need for more high-level staff. Analysing the financial impact on Members of his budgetary proposals, the Secretary-General pointed out that the increase in annual assessed contributions between 1979 and 1980 should not be very high if his estimates were adopted. However, if even this modest increase were not acceptable and reductions in the budget were thought necessary, he urged the Congress to endeavour to arrange supplementary financing through extra-budgetary resources so that the immense opportunities currently available to the science and the profession of meteorology might not be lost.

9.3 Congress congratulated the Secretary-General for the detailed and impressive presentation of the document on programme and budget for the eighth financial period. Congress considered it essential that improvements in the presen­tation of the programme and budget document should be continued in the future and requested the Executive Committee to study this question.

9.4 In determining the budgetary resources available for the various programmes as well as supporting services, Congress had in mind the absolute

GENERAL SUMMARY 91

necessity to allow the least amount for budgetary growth in view of the financial situation prevailing in the world which adversely affected most of the national Meteorological Services. This situation compelled Congress to approve a reduced programme and therefore a reduced budget, even for very high-priority areas. Congress decided to give flexibility to the Executive Committee and the Secretary­General in the use of these limited resources to the best advantage of the approved programmes by choosing the best way for their implementation. Congress requested the Secretary-General to take all necessary measures to avoid overlapping in the scientific and technical programmes.

9.5 Making general comments, several delegations stressed the import­ance of all programmes of the Organization. Special mention was made of World Weather Watch, Technical Co-operation, Education and Training, World Climate Programme, Agriculture Programme, ·Weather Modification and Operational Hydrology and Water Resources.

Part 1 - Policy-making organs

9.6 Congress decided that during the eighth financial period the Members of the Executive Committee shall be reimbursed by WMO on the basis of travel by economy or tourist class. The budget of the EC sessions was reduced accordingly. As regards the travel of the Secretary-General, it was decided that he should use his discretio~ in deciding by which class he will travel.

9.7 The budgetary provision does not include funds required for the session of the EC Working Group on Antarctic Meteorology as Congress considered that it would not be necessary for this group to meet in the eighth financial period.

9.8 Following the decision under agenda item 2.2 to establish the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee and the request to the Executive Committee to establish a Panel of Experts on the Review of the Technical and Scientific Structure of WMO, Congress approved appropriations under Part 3 for these two purposes.

Part 3 - Scientific and technical major programmes

9.9 Congress decided to introduce interpretation into Chinese at the sessions of technical commissions and the necessary provision was made in the appropriate sections of the budget.

9.10 The importance of the World Weather Watch Programme was repeatedly emphasized. The various programmes proposed by the Secretary­Gener~ unde~ this major programme were approved with some modifications to the details of the projects.

92 GENERAL SUMMARY

9.11 Congress decided not to establish the major programme proposed under the heading "Operational Services Programme" as it considered the present arrangements regarding the implementation of the various projects included in this programme to be satisfactory.

9.12 The Tropical Cyclone Programme, which was considered under agenda item 3.1.3, was approved with some modifications and reductions in projects. It was recommended that the Executive Committee should arrange to approach ESCAP and make an effort to reduce by half the programme of joint sessions of the Typhoon Committee and the Panel on Tropical Cyclones, empha­sizing the lack of resources available.

9.13 The World Climate Programme was considered under agenda item 3.4. It was decided to pursue the climate research activities under the agreement being negotiated with ICSU. For this purpose, a joint fund would be established. Congress was informed that Annex C (Financial arrangements) to the Agreement with ICSU provided that "contributions to the Fund will normally be made in equal amounts by WMO and ICSU. Each Organization may unilaterally decide to subscribe an additional amount to the Fund". The joint activities on GARP and WCRP will be financed from the same fund. The total contributions of WMO would be based on the requirements of the programme and provision was made in the regular budget for this purpose. The Executive Committee was authorized to determine the amount of the annual contribution by WMO to the joint fund.

9.14 Congress recorded its decisions on other programmes of the Organ­ization under various agenda items and adopted budget proposals made by the Secretary-General with modifications as necessary.

Part 4 - Supporting major programmes

9.15 In considering the provision for contribution to the Technical Co­operation Fund (TCF), Congress recorded its decision in respect of the funding of UNDP activities under agenda item 4.5. Congress authorized the Executive Committee to offset any deficiencies in the Technical Co-operation Fund caused by short receipt of supporting funds from UNDP and other sources through economies in the expenditure of TCF. If funds were still required, they should be made available from the regular budget, again by making economies. It was again stated that the administrative cost of operating trust funds must be met from these voluntary funds only.

9.16 Regarding Regional Offices, Congress recorded its decision under agenda item 5.2. Accordingly, provision was made for a phased transfer of two Regional Offices to their respective Regions. Funds were also allocated to maintain

GENERAL SUMMARY 93

a small unit at Headquarters for liaison purposes. Regarding the title and the grade of regional directors, Congress maintained its decision taken at its previous session.

9.17 The Education and Training Programme was allocated adequate funds considering the budgetary restraints in view of the importance attached to this programme for the developing countries. The detailed programme was considered under agenda item 6. Congress directed the Secretary-General to ensure that the maximum amount of resources made available for the Education and Training Programme are devoted to the education and training activities. The appropriation for all types of fellowship was approved in the amount of US $1400000, which it was expected would prove sufficient during the eighth financial period.

9.18 As regards the cost-sharing of the Fellowships Operations Branch, Congress decided that the share of servicing YCP fellowships should be paid from YCP funds by making use of the contributions and interest credited to that fund in accordance with the VCP rules approved by the Executive Committee in respect of the "Administration of the VCP". If, however, an additional amount is required, recourse can be made to the regular budget and for this purpose Congress allocated US $370000.

Parts 5 and 6 - Programme supporting activities and Administration and Common Services

9.19 Congress decided to maintain the appropnatlOns for these parts approx'imately at the level achieved during the seventh financial period except that each part was reduced by a token amount of US $250000 and the Secretary­General was requested to do his best and adopt such measures as would produce economies in the areas of document production and communications etc. It was considered that as no significant increase in staff was being approved, it would not be necessary to rent outside accommodation. The proposed study for increase in office space should also not be undertaken at this stage.

9.20 Congress recognized the fact that administrative services of the Organization were available to the activities carried out from extra-budgetary resources. It was decided that the administrative expenditures relating to such activities should also be met from extra-budgetary funds. Congress authorized the Executive Committee to make exceptions whenever necessary.

9.21 Congress authorized the Executive Committee to incur maximum expenditures of US $74.4 million during the eighth financial period. This sum was based on salary scales. prices and exchange rates prevailing on 1 April 1979. Authority was also given to the Executive Committee to incur necessary expen­ditures additional to the amount indicated above to cover increases in staff salaries and allowances consequent to changes in the United Nations salaries and

94 GENERAL SUMMARY

allowances. Further, the Executive Committee was authorized to ~djust the maximum expenditures upwards -or downwards to take account of substantial changes in exchange rates. It was also decided to authorize the Executive Committee to incur other necessary expenditures, not exceeding US $500 000 in total, which might be agreed by Members. These decisions are embodied in Resolution 42(Cg-VIII).

9.22 Congress examined the proposed structure of the WMO Secretariat for the eighth financial period and authorized the Secretary~General to arrange this in the best way possible, within the financial limitations imposed by the approved maximum expenditures. Congress further dcided that the maximum number of established posts in the Secretariat during the eighth financial period, excluding the staff for the joint activities covered by the WMO/ICSU Agreement, should be 246 and that the grades and numbers of senior staff should not exceed one 0.2 and eight D.1. Within the maximum limit on expenditures, this would provide the Secretary-General with one 0.2 grade already approved by Seventh Congress and one additional 0.1 grade. Congress considered that these grades would provide the Secretary-General with some flexibility for adjustments in the working arrangements within the Secretariat. The Secretary-General should consult the Executive Committee prior to making use of these additional grades.

9.23 Congress noted that the readjustment of staff numbers between programmes implied the abolition of some posts. Congress wished to avoid any personal hardship ensuing from these readjustments and expressed the hope that it would be possible for the Secretary-General to offer affected staff some preference for suitable vacant posts in the Secretariat.

9.24 With effect from I January 1980, Congress set the salary of the Deputy Secretary-General at US $39670 per annum net salary, plus appropriate allowances. This is the level which appJies to deputy executive heads of comparable specialized agencies of the United Nations. The representation allowance for the Deputy Secretary~General is to be increased to US $3 800 per annum as of I January 1980. In this connexion, Congress decided to authorize the Executive Committee to carry out any adjustment of salary which might become necessary if, during the eighth financial period, an increase in the salaries of comparable United Nations staff should occur.

10. Administrative and financial questions (Agenda item 10)

10.1 Revision of the Staff Regulations (Agenda item 10.1)

1O.1.1 Congress noted that Article 8 (d) of the Convention required it to determine the Staff Regulations of WMO. Congress noted further that the present text of the Staff Regulations as adopted by Seventh Cohgress (Resolution 43(Cg-VII)) had been applied throughout the seventh financial period without difficulty and that no amendments would be required.

GENERAL SUMMARY 95

10.1.2 Congress therefore decided to keep in force Resolution 43(Cg-VII) with its annex.

10.2 Revision of the Financial Regulations (Agenda item to.2)

10.2.1 Congress reviewed certain articles of the Financial Regulations as contained in Resolution 26(Cg-Vi). It noted that, in order to meet changing circum­stances and requirements, certain provisions of these regulations required to be amended.

10.2.2 It considered the opportunity of adopting the Swiss franc as the unit of currency instead of the US dollar for budget purposes. Considering that the US dollar was the currency used by most of the organizations and that the use of the Swiss franc would be to the detriment of the comparability with the budgets adopted by the other organizations, Congress decided to maintain unchanged the unit of currency for budget purposes as adopted by First Congre·ss.

10.2.3 Congress also considered whether the adoption of two biennial budgets within each financial period would suitably meet the requirements of the Organization. It noted that most of the organizations of the UN system had now adopted such biennia upon the recommendation of ECOSOC and other inter­organization bodies.

10.2.4 Congress was of the opinion that, despite such recommendations on harmonization of programme and budget presentation, the financial period of four years could not be equated to two successive biennia. In order to maintain the present control by the Executive Committee over the annual programmes and the corresponding financial resources allocated, Congress decided to maintain unchanged the present annual budget system.

10.2.5 Finally. Congress adopted various amendments concerning:

(a) The deletion of the definition of the first financial period (1951-1955); (b) The insertion of a new provision concerning the distribution of the surplus at

the end of a financial period to those Members who are in arrears for more than the financial period to which the surplus relates;

(c) The definition of the exchange rate applicable to that part of the assessed contribution payable in any other currency than the Swiss franc Members might be authorized to use by the Executive Committee;

(d) The definition of the treatment of interests accrued in trust funds; (e) The use of another currency for accounting purposes when deemed

appropriate by the Secretary-General; (f) The deletion of specific financial regulations concerning both the Publications

Fund and the Staff Compensation Plan Reserve Fund;

96 GENERAL SUMMARY

(g) The adoption of 31 March as the date for submission of the accounts to the External Auditor;

(h) The introduction of specific provisions concerning decisions involving expenditures taken by regional associations, technical commissions or other WMO constituent bodies;

(i) The definition of the relevant Financial Regulations applicable to those activities financed by the UNDP;

Ul Various editorial amendments to align whenever feasible the text of the WMO Financial Regulations to the corresponding provisions contained in the UN Financial Regulations.

10.2.6 In accordance with the approved provIsIOns on the purpose and limits of each special account, Congress left it to the Executive Committee to define such purpose and limits concerning the Publications Fund and the Staff Compen­sation Plan Reserve Fund.

10.2.7 In connexion with these amendments Congress adopted Resolution 43(Cg-VIII).

10.3 Consideration of the Working Capital Fund (Agenda item 10.3)

10.3.1 Congress reviewed the Working Capital Fund and decided to establish the principal of the Fund for the eighth financial period at us $2 SOO 000. Accordingly, Resolution 44(Cg-VIII) was adopted.

10.3.2 Short-term borrowing authority

10.3.2.1 Congress noted with concern that the Organization might not be able to meet its obligations due to some Members being unable to meet their financial obligations in the near future, which might represent over 25 per cent of the contri­butions of the Members.

10.3.2.2 Congress acknowledged the fact that although the rate of payment of the contributions due by all other Members had significantly improved in the course of the previous few months, the cash resources of the Organization might, within a relatively short period of time, be completely inadequate to meet the current obligations of the Organization and the implementation of the approved 1979 programme of activities.·

10.3.2.3 Considering that the cash resources available from the Working Capital Fund would not be sufficient to offset the shortfall resulting from the late payment of assessed contributions due, Congress authorized the Secretary-General to have recourse to both short-term internal borrowing and, if this proved to be insufficient, short-term external borrowing. it being understood that all possible economy measures would be implemented in order to limit such borrowing. Accor­dingly, Congress approved Resolution 4S(Cg-VIII).

GENERAL SUMMARY 97

10.3.2.4 In its consideration of this matter. Congress assumed that the late payment of the contribution assessed on some of its Members, as mentioned above. would be a problem of a short-tenn nature only. However, should this assumption prove to be incorrect, it felt it wise and prudent to delegate such short-term borrowing authority to the Executive Committee should the need arise during the eighth financial period.

10.4 Proportional contributions of Members (Agenda item 10.4)

10.4.1 Congress confirmed the assessments of proportional contributions for the seventh financial period made by the Executive Committee for those Members who had joined the Organization after Seventh Congress and for which no provision had been made in Resolution 46(Cg-VII).

10.4.2 Congress decided that the assessment of proportional contribution for Djibouti, which became a Member on 30 July 1978, would be one unit for the seventh financial period. These two decisions were incorporated in Resolution 46(Cg-VIII).

1004.3 Congress examined requests submitted by Mozambique, Zaire and Zambia for reduction in assessments to become effective on 1 January 1980. It decided to approve such reductions. It also examined a request submitted by Bangladesh. Considering that Bangladesh was already assessed at the minimum level of one unit, it noted that such a request for reduction as from 1 January 1980 would be met by the application of a new system of assessment on Members to be introduced as from that date.

100404 Congress finally examined and approved a request for reduction of assessment from two units to one during the seventh financial period, retroactive to I January 1977, submitted by Viet Nam.

10.4.5 Congress acknowledged the fact that all these requests for reduction of assessment resulted from important changes in the economy of the Members concerned due to various circumstances.

10.4.6 Congress noted the change in the political status of the former territory of St. Pierre and Miquelon, which had become a French Overseas Department, and approved the writing-off from the assets of the Organization of the contribution assessed for the years 1978 arid 1979 on this former territory.

1004.7 Congress noted that adequate provision should be made against non-recovery of long-outstanding contributions so that the amount of unpaid contributions recorded in the assets of the Organization would more accurately reflect the true nature of such assets. Accordingly, Congress decided that unpaid contributions related to four years or more would be recorded as from 1 January

98 GENERAL SUMMARY

1980 in a special account and that this amount would be compensated by the establishment in the financial records of the Organization of an "undistributable surplus reserve".

10.4.8 Noting the study on a possible method of automatic adjustment of assessments at each session of Congress, made by the Executive Committee at the request of Seventh Congress, Congress examined various alternatives submitted to its attention.

10.4.9 Congress recognized that the new system of assessment should aim not only at reducing the difference which exists at present between the minimum level of assessment in UN and WMO respectively but also at offering the possibility to those countries which have so far been prevented from becoming Members of WMO for financial reasons to do so by reducing the minimum level of assessment. It was not, however, felt appropriate to introduce in the new system any fractions of units of contributions.

10.4.10 Congress therefore decided that the new method of assessment of proportional contributions on Members effective I January 1980 would be as follows:

(a) The new scale is composed of a "meteorological element" and a "UN element" ;

(b) For the eighth financial period, the "meteorological dement" is to equal 50 per cent of the assessment approved for the seventh financial period. The "UN element" has been obtained by multiplying the remaining 50 per cent by a factor representing the percentage change between the UN assessment for the biennium 1978(1979 and that prevailing in 1975;

(c) In order to avoid the introduction of fractions of units, the computation for the eighth financial period has been made after doubling the total number of units in force at present, due account being taken of the approved reductions of assessments mentioned in paragraphs 10.4.3 and 10.4.4.

10.4.11 Congress also decided to approve minor adjustments to the assessments on certain Members in order to avoid increases in WMO assessments when the present WMO assessments in percentage terms are already greater than the UN percentages. In so doing, Congress recognized that all anomalies including those reSUlting from the application of this method had not been removed and that the problem of automatic adjustment and the divergency between the WMO scale and the UN scale would require further examination at Ninth Congress. It was felt that the Executive Committee should be requested to investigate this problem and to submit its findings to Congress. One Member urged that a new formula be devised that would result in an appropriate adjustment to the assessed contributions of countries whose meteorological and financial capabilities had significantly increased in recent years.

GENERAL SUMMARY 99

10.4.12 Congress finally approved Resolution 47(Cg-VIlI) which contains as an annex a list of Members with the unit assessments to be applied throughout the eighth financial period.

10.5 IMO Fund (Agenda item 10.5)

10.5.1 Congress decided that the IMO Fund should continue to be used to finance the IMO Prize and the IMO Lecture.

10.5.2 Congress approved certain changes in the utilization of the financial resources of the Fund in order to make more adequate provision for meeting the cost of the IMO Prize and to provide a more adequate honorarium for the IMO Lecture. These changes consist of merging the various components of the IMO Fund, including the reserve set aside to finance the IMO Lecture. Congress noted that the additional financial provision achieved by these arrangements was possible because of the careful management of the Fund since its establishment.

10.5.3 Congress also clarified the conditions for awarding the IMO Prize and recorded these decisions in Resolution 48(Cg-VIII), which replaces Resolution 45(Cg-IV).

10.5.4 Congress authorized the Secretary-General to use any additional funds available in the IMO Fund to meet the travel costs of the lecturers and to supplement the incidental costs of the IMO Prize, if needed. Should such additional funds not be sufficient, then authorization is also given to the Secretary-General to charge the excess amounts required to the General Fund budget.

10.6 Secretary-Genera!'s contract (Agenda item 10.6)

10.6.1 Congress decided that the annual salary of the Secretary-General should be US $44 316 with effect from I January 1980, taking into account the salaries of the Executive Heads of other comparable agencies. Congress also decided to authorize the Executive Committee to carry out any readjustment of salary which might become necessary if during the eighth financial period changes in the salaries of all United Nations staff should occur.

10.6.2 Congress further decided that the budgetary provision for represen­tation allowances for the Secretary-General should be US $11 400 per year with effect from I January 1980.

10.6.3 Congress adopted in this connexion Resolution 49(Cg-VIII), to which the contract to be signed by the President of the Organization and the Secretary-General for the eighth financial period is attached (see Annex XIV).

100 GENERAL SUMMARY

11. General and legal questions (Agenda item II)

11.1 Questions concerning the Convention (Agenda item 11.1)

11.1.1 Congress examined the formal proposals for amendments to Article 13 (c) of the Convention submitted by France. Congress was of the opinion that an increase in the number of the elected members of the Executive Committee was called for in view of the increased Membership of the Organization and the increased amount of work that it was called upon to carry out. Congress therefore decided to increase the number of Directors of Meteorological or Hydrometeoro­logical Services of the Organization on the Executive Committee, as provided in Article 13 (c) of the Convention, from fourteen to nineteen. Congress accordingly adopted Resolution 50(Cg-VIII).

11.1.2 Congress also discussed the question of the ffilnlffiUm and the maximum number of members of the Executive Committee from each Region as at present provided for in Article 13 (e) (ii) of the Convention. Congress was of the opinion that the question of distribution of seats on the Executive Committee amongst the different Regions required a detailed study. Congress therefore requested the Executive Committee to undertake this study and to communicate a preliminary report to Members after its thirty-third session so that Members might send their comments before the thirty-fourth session. Appropriate proposals should then be submitted to Ninth Congress.

11.1.3 Amendments to Articles 3 and 34 of the Convention

11.1.3.1 Congress considered the amendments proposed by the Executive Committee to Article 3 and Article 34 of the Convention to permit the United Nations Council for Namibia to become a Member of the Organization. These amendments were made to comply with Resolutions 31/149 (1976) and 32/9 (1977) of the General Assembly of the United Nations, which requested all specialized agencies and other organizations and conferences within the United Nations system to consider granting full membership to the United Nations Council for Namibia so that it may participate in that capacity as the "administering authority for Namibia in the work of these agencies, organizations and conferences".

11.1.3.2 As the proposed amendments did not receive the approval of the required two-thirds of all the Members of the Organization which are States, the amendments were not adopted. Nevertheless, as the proposed amendments were agreed upon by a majority of two-thirds of the Member States present and voting, Congress decided, in accordance with the interpretation of Article 28 of the Convention given in paragraph 5.1.2 (e) of the general summary of the abridged report of Sixth Congress, that these amendments would be voted upon again at Ninth Congress.

GENERAL SUMMARY 101

11.2 Revision of the General Regulations (Agenda item 11.2)

11.2.1 Congress noted with appreciation the study made by the Executive Committee for possible improvements in the voting and election procedures as requested by Resolutions 3 I (Cg-VI) and 52(Cg-VII). In the light of the result of this study. Congress decided to retain the present method of electing members of the Executive Committee. It also decided that during elections votes shall be counted in the presence of the constituent body immediately following the vote. Congress therefore decided to amend General Regulation 60 accordingly.

11.2.2 Congress also decided to amend General Regulations 80, 85 and 92 related to voting and elections.

11.2.3 Congress adopted these amendments by its Resolution 51(Cg-VIII).

11.2.4 In addition to amendments in the General Regulations related to voting and elections during sessions. Congress also examined proposals by the Executive Committee for new and amended General Regulations. In this connexion, Congress adopted Resolution 52(Cg-VIII), the annex to which gives the text of these additional new and amended regulations (see Annex XVI).

11.2.5 Congress considered proposals submitted by the People's Republic of China for amendments to the General Regulations to provide for the intro­duction of the second step in using the Chinese language as an official and working language of the Organization in conformity with Resolution 50(Cg-VII). Congress approved the proposed second step, comprising the provision of interpreters for the use of the Chinese language in the technical commissions, if so requested, and also publication of the Convention and the General Regulations of the Organization in Chinese. In this connexion, Congress noted with appreciation the offers made by the delegate of China to provide the Chinese texts of the Convention and the General Regulations. To this end, Congress decided to amend Regulations 115 and II? of the General Regulations as given in the annex to Resolution 52(Cg-VIII). Congress further decided to keep in force Resolution 50(Cg-VII) except the paragraph "APPROVES".

11.2.6 Congress considered the terms of reference of the technical commissions which had been adopted by Seventh Congress and proposals for amended title and tenns of reference of the Commission for Special Applications of Meteorology and Climatology (CoSAMC). Congress agreed that the titles and terms of reference of other technical commissions should be kept in force, but that some revision of the title and terms of reference of CoSAMC were warranted, as well as a minor addition to the terms of reference of CHy arising from Article 2 (e) of the Convention. Congress therefore adopted Resolution 53(Cg-VlII), which established the system and terms of reference of the technical commissions for the eighth financial period, and which replaces Resolution 51(Cg-VII).

102 GENERAL SUMMARY

11.2.7 Congress noted that during the eighth financial period an Executive Committee panel would review the" structure of WMO inclu9-ing the system of WMO technical commissions and that, on the basis of this panel's findings. Ninth Congress would reconsider the subject.

11.2.8 Congress examiried the request of the Executive Committee for the interpretation of the term "designated" given in Regulation 139 of the General Regulations relating to "filling vacant seats on the Executive Committee between sessions of Congress. It noted, however, that the Executive Committee had in the past interpreted the word "designated" as meaning "elected" in the case of desig­nating acting members of the Executive Committee.

11.2.9 Congress was of the opinion that this matter was a complex one and requested the Executive Committee to study the matter and to submit the results to Ninth Congress. Furthermore, Congress decided that the word "designated" in Regulation 139 of the General Regulations should continue to mean "elected" until next Congress.

11.3 The use of the Arabic language as an official and working language of the Organization (Agenda item 11.3)

Congress considered proposals for the amendment of the General Regulations to provide for the adoption of the Arabic language as one of the official and working languages of the Organization. Noting that implementation of the use of the Arabic language by the Organization would be introduced only on a limited scale during the next financial period, Congress approved these proposals and adopted Resolution 54(Cg-VIII) in this connexion.

11.4 Review of previous resolutions of Congress (Agenda item 11.4)

Congress examined its previous resolutions in order that those which no longer had a purpose or which had been replaced by new decisions should not remain in force. Congress accordingly adopted Resolution 55(Cg-VIII).

11.5 Requests for Membership of the Organization (Agenda item 11.5)

Congress noted that no requests for Membership of the Organization had been received.

12.

12.1

Elections and nominations (Agenda item 12)

Election of the President and Vice-Presidents of the Organization (Agenda item 12.1)

GENERAL SUMMARY 103

12.1.1 Congress unanimously elected Dr. R. L. Iuntanar,"Director-General, Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration, as President of the Organization.

12.1.2 Congress also unanimously elected:

Mr. C. A. Abayomi, Director. Meteorological Department, Nigeria, as the First Vice-President; Professor lu. A. IzraeI, Chairman, U.S.S.R. State Committee for Hydrometeorology and Control of Natural Environment, as the Second Vice-President; Commodoro 1. E. Echeveste, Director-General of the National Meteorological Service of Argentina, as the Third Vice-President.

12.2 Election of members of the Executive Committee (Agenda item 12.2)

12.2.1 Congress elected by acclamation Mr. M. F. Taha, the outgoing President of the Organization, as a member of the Executive Committee.

12.2.2 Congress eiecte:d the following as members of the Executive Committee to fill the remaining seats:

Mr. A. Andrade Dr. C. H. Arias Dr. G. S. Benton Dr. A. E. Collin Dr. P. K. Das Mr. N. A. Gbeckor-Kove Mr. A. W. Kabakibo Mr. S. Kubota Dr. K. Langlo Professor E. Lingelbach Dr. B. 1. Mason Mr. R. Mittner Mr. 1. K. Murithi Mr. C. Padilha Mr. It: Rahmatullah Dr. M. Seck Mr. WuXueyi Dr. 1. W. Ziliman

Angola Colombia U.S.A. Canada India Ghana Syrian Arab Republic Japan Norway Federal Republic of Germany United Kingdom France Kenya Brazil Pakistan Senegal China Australia

12.3 Appointment ofthe Secretary-General (Agenda item 12.3)

Congress appointed Dr. A. C. Wiin-Nielsen as the Secretary-General of the Organization for the eighth financial period.

104 GENERAL SUMMARY

13. IMO Lecture and scientific discussions (Agenda item 13)

IMO Lecture

13.1 The fourth IMO Lecture was delivered at Eighth Congress by Professor B. Bolin (Sweden). The subject of the lecture was "Global biogeochemical characteristics of the biosphere and their dependence on climate and climatic change".

13.2 The excellent lecture delivered by Professor Bolin was followed by a lively discussion. Congress decided to place on record its appreciation to Professor Bolin for his valuable contribution to the series of IMO Lectures. Congress noted with satisfaction that the complete study undertaken by Professor Bolin would be published by WMO in a suitable form.

13.3 Congress approved the continuation of the IMO Lecture under the conditions specified in paragraphs 10.5.1 to 10.5.4. The Executive Committee was requested to make the necessary arrangements for the fifth IMO Lecture to be delivered at Ninth Congress.

Scientific discussions

13.4 A programme of scientific discussions had been arranged by the Executive Committee in accordance with the decision of Seventh Congress. The subjects chosen and the experts invited to deliver the lectures were as roHows:

(a) The present status of tropical meteorology Professor T. N. Krishnamurti (main lecture)

Structure o/the intertropical convergence Professor M. A. Petrossiants zone according to GA TE data (supplementary lecture)

Atmospheric aerosols in the Tropics Dr. P. K. Das (supplementary lecture)

(b) Meteorology and solar energy

Meteorological aspects o/wind energy

Mr. C. Perrin de Brichambaut (delivered by Mr. F. Ouvemet in the absence of Mr. Perrin de Brichambaut)

Dr. L. Olsson

13.5 In all cases, the lectures were followed by interesting discussions. Congress greatly appreciated the opportunity to listen to these lectures by acknow­ledged experts and decided to place on record its sincere thanks to all the lecturers.

GENERAL SUMMARY 105

Congress also considered that it would be useful to publish the texts of the lectures in a suitable form and requested the Secretary-General to take appropriate action.

13.6 Finally, Congress decided that a programme of scientific lectures should be arranged at Ninth Congress and requested the Executive Committee to make the necessary arrangements for this purpose in due course.

14. Place and date of Ninth Congress (Agenda item 14)

Congress decided that the place and date of Ninth Congress should be decided upon by the Executive Committee in accordance with Article 10 (a) of the Convention.

RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY CONGRESS

l(Cg-VIlI)-Tribute to the Secretary-General

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) That the contract of the Secretary-General, Dr. D. A. Davies, will terminate on 31 December 1979 and that he will then have completed more than 24 years of continuous service in that office,

(2) That prior to his appointment as Secretary-General, Dr. Davies had served as a member of the Executive Committee for a period of four years,

RECOGNIZING:

(1) That Dr. Davies has thereby played an important and continuous role in the activities of the Organization from its modest beginning in 1951.

(2) That he has, in particular, performed his duties as Secretary-General at all times in a manner which merits the highest praise and commendation,

(3) That he has thereby rendered outstanding services to the World Meteorological Organization and hence to the cause of international co-operation and understanding,

PLACES ON RECORD"its deep appreciation, gratitude and respect; and

ACCORDS to Dr. D. A. Davies at the conclusion of his contract as Secretary­General the honorary title of "Secretary-General Emeritus".

2(Cg-VlII)-Review of the scientific and technical structure of WMO

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Regulation 173 of the General Regulations, (2) The decisions of Sixth Congress as recorded in paragraph 2.5 of the

general summary of the abridged final report of Sixth Congress, (3) The various reports and proposals submitted to Eighth Congress by the

presidents of technical commissions and other scientific bodies of WMO,

(4) The programme and budget for the financial period 1980-1983 submitted to Eighth Congress by the Secretary-General of WMO,

RESOLUTION 2(Cg-Vm) 107

CONSIDERING:

(I) The need for a thorough review of the scientific and technical structure of the Organization, especially with a view to avoiding duplication and promoting more efficient -co-operation in many of the programmes now being conducted or proposed by the various technical commissions, regional associations and other WMO bodies,

(2) The need for such a review to include the work of constituent bodies and the Secretariat,

(3) The need within the Organization for the co-ordination of long-term scientific. technical and administrative policies, together with their financial impli­cations,

REQUESTS the Executive Committee:

(I) To establish a Panel of Experts on the Review of the Technical and Scientific Structure ·of WMO;

(2) To bear in mind the following guidelines concerning the terms of reference of the panel:

(a) To prepare a thorough review of the current technical and scientific structure of the Organization, as set up by Sixth Congress,'including the following: (i) Study of mechanism(s) for more effective long-term planning

of scientific and technical programmes within WMO;

(ii) Study of the necessary roles of the regional associations, technical commissions and other scientific and technical bodies in developing and carrying mit the technical and scientific programmes of the Organization, with a view to adjusting the structure of the Organization to facilitate and simplify the carrying out of the WMO scientific programmes;

(iii) Study of the role and structure of the Secretariat in assisting the work of the Organization;

(iv) Consideration of the financial implications of any proposals considered under (i) to (iii) above;

(b) To draft proposals, including modifications in the structure and working methods of the Organization;

(c) To submit proposals (based on comments by Members), including any necessary draft amendments to the Convention and Regulations, to the thirty-third session of the Executive Committee;

(3) To arrange for the panel to report to the thirty-second session of the Executive Committee in time for a preliminary report to be communicated to

108 RESOLUTIONS 3 AND 4(Cg-Vm)

Members for comments before the thirty-third session of the Executive Committee;

(4) To present to Ninth Congress a report taking into account comments o~ Members.

3(Cg-VIII)-Suspeusion of Members for failure to meet financial obligations

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) Article 31 of the Convention, (2) Article 8.4 of the Financial Regulations,

CONSIDERING the importance of fulfilment of financial obligations by all Members,

DECIDES:

(I) That those Members who have not paid their contributions for more than two consecutive financial years shall not be entitled to vote in sessions of constituent bodies, nor to participate in a vote by correspondence of constituent bodies, nor to receive publications of the Organization free of charge;

(2) That any appeal hy a Member against the application of this decision shall be referred to Members immediately but, until Members have decided otherwise, the measures as provided under paragraph (I) above shall be applicable;

(3) That this resolution shall come into force on I June 1979;

INSTRUCTS the Secretary-General to inform all Members of the Organi­zation of this resolution.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 6(Cg-III), which is no longer in force.

4(Cg-VIII)-Technical Regulations of the World Meteorological Organization

TIm-CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) Article 8 (d) of the Convention,

RESOLUTION 5(Cg-VIII) 109

(2) Resolution 2(Cg-VII) - Technical Regulations of the World Meteorological Organization,

(3) Paragraph 2.4 of the general summary of the abridged report of Seventh Congress,

ADOPTS the amendments to the layout and contents of Volumes I and III of the Technical Regulations of the World Meteorological Organization, the texts of which are given in the annex * to this resolution;

DECIDES that the amended version of Volumes I and III of the Technical Regulations shall come into force on·1 July 1980;

REQUESTS the Executive Committee:

(I) To keep under review the Technical Regulations during the eighth financial period and to take all the necessary measures in accordance with Article 14 (c) of the Convention;

(2) To recommend to Ninth Congress ·any amendments to the text of these Technical Regulations which might appear necessary to take account of devel­opments in meteorology and operational hydrology;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General to inform aU concerned.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 2(Cg-VII), which will cease to be valid from I July 1980. * The amended version of Volumes I and III of the Technical Reguiatioll.S, as approved by Eighth Congress,

is being published separately (WMO - No. 49).

5(Cg-VIII)-World Weather Watch

THE CONGRESS,

NOnNG:

(I) Resolution 3(Cg-VII) - World Weather Watch, (2) Paragraph 3.1 of the general summary of the abridged report of

Seventh Congress, (3) Resolution 37(Cg-VIII)·- The WMO Voluntary Co·operation

Programme, (4) The annual status reports on the implementation of the World Weather

Watch issued by the World Meteorological Organization in 1976, 1977 and 1978,

(5) Resolution 3234 (XXIX) of the General Assembly of the United Nations - International co-operation in the peaceful uses of Quter space,

110 RESOLUTION 5(Cg-VIIJ)

EXPRESSES its satisfaction that considerable progress has been achieved in the

implementation of the WWW plan for 1976-1979, notably the improvement in the Global Observing System thanks to increased satellite observations, the greatly increased capabilities of the World and Regional Meteorological Centres of the Global Data-processing System, and the increased capability of the Global Tele­communication System;

REAFFIRMS its belief:

(I) That World Weather Watch is the basic WMO Programme on which nearly all other programmes of the Organization depend;

(2) That modern scientific and technological developments present unprecedented opportunities for the advancement of the science and practice of meteorology;

(3) That the World Weather Watch continues to be the best way to take and apply such opportunities on a global basis so that the full benefits will be reaped by all countries of the world;

(4) That the World Weather Watch should be used only for peaceful purposes, due account being taken of the national sovereignty and security of States, in accordance with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations and the spirit and traditions of the World Meteorological Organization;

CONSIDERING that much remains to be done to develop the World Weather Watch to its full potential,

ADOPTS the World Weather Watch plan for 1980-1983 reproduced in the annex * to this resolution as the basic programme of the World Meteorological Organization for the eighth financial period 1980-1983;

INVITES the regional associations and the Commission for Basic Systems:

(I) To recommend detailed programmes and procedures for the imple­mentation of the World Weather Watch plan for 1980-1983, as necessary;

(2) To keep the plan under continuous review and recommend detailed adjustments as necessary in the light of changing requirements and of technical and scientific developments. bearing in mind the general principles and directives laid down in the plan;

REQUESTS the Executive Committee:

(I) To adjust the details of the plan as necessary, particularly in the light of the recommendations made by the Commission for Basic Systems and the .regional associations;

(2) To ensure that the plans and study programmes necessary for the further development of the World Weather Watch during the ninth financial period are prepared and carried out. including the evaluation and integration, as appropriate. of new techniques;

RESOLUTION .s(Cg-VIII) III

(3) To assist Members of the World Meteorological Organization in all possible ways in meeting their respective responsibilities within the plan;

(4) To submit a report to the Ninth World Meteorological Congress on the implementation of the plan during the eighth financial period together with proposals for the continuation and further development of the World Weather Watch in the ninth financial period;

URGES all Members of the Organization to co-operate actively and enthu­siastically in the implementation and operation of the World Weather Watch plan for 1980-1983 and in particular:

(1) To complete as far as possible the implementation of the regional basic synoptic networks, especially in remote places and at critical locations in the oceans, and to ensure the accuracy and regularity of the observations;

(2) To endeavour to complete the establishment of and to upgrade as far as possible the capability and reliability of the national, regional and global telecom­munication networks, especially those collecting and transmitting observations from remote stations. to ensure the timely reception of the necessary observations at data-processing centres;

(3) To use space techniques for the collection and distribution of observa­tional data, in particular from remote and oceanic stations;

(4) To keep the Secretary-General fully informed about their plans for implementing the World Weather Watch;

URGES those Members who are able to develop and launch meteorological satellites to implement the space-based sub-system of the World Weather Watch as expressed in the plan for 1980-1983 and to co-ordinate their activities through the Secretary-General so that all Members can receive the maximum benefit from meteorological satellites;

APPEALS to Meteorological Services of non-Member countries to apply the World Weather Watch concept;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General:

(I) To bring this resolution to the attention of all concerned; (2) To give high priority to activities related to the implementation of the

World Weather Watch; (3) To keep Members of the World Meteorological Organization fully

informed of progress and developments in the planning and implementation of the plan;

(4) To assist Members as necessary in overcoming any difficulties which may arise in the implementation of the World Weather Watch plan for 1980-1983.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolutions 3, 4 and 8(Cg-VII), which are no longer in force. * The World Weather Watch Plall alld Imp/elJ/ell/arioll Programme fOJ" 1980-1983, as approved by Eighth

Congress. is being published separately (WMO - No. 535).

112 RESOLUTIONS 6 AND 7(Cg-VIlI)

6(Cg-VIII)-Improvement (jf the World Weather Watch

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) The rapid developments in observing and communications technology being employed during the FGGE,

(2) Recommendation l8(CBS:YIJ) - Implementation of the World Weather Watch,

CONSIDERING:

(1) The potential of new technology for improving the WWW, (2) The large deficiencies in the WWW, even during the FGG E, (3) The slow progress being made in using traditional technology to

improve the GOS of the WWW,

REQUESTS the Executive Committee to take the following measures for early improvement of the World Weather Watch:

(1) To arrange for early evaluation of new technology employed during the FGGE, including satellite vertical temperature profiles and wind measurements, ASDAR, WEFAX, the drifting buoy system, Navaid wind-finding techniques and such other technical innovations it considers appropriate;

(2) To obtain an early evaluation of the extraordinary measures taken in technical co-operation with developing countries during the FGGE;

(3) To identify successful measures through its evaluations and make maximum efforts to arrange for their permanent employment to advance and improve the World Weather Watch. In so doing the Executive Committee is invited to consider the possibility of special arrangements by groups of Members as well as action by individual Members; -

(4) To call on the services of the JSC as well as Executive Committee panels, technical commissions an~ regional associations, as appropriate;

(5) To ensure co-ordination of these efforts with the longer-term system study recommended by CBS-VII;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General to assist the Executive Committee in identifying groups of Members willing to take responsibilities by joint action in furtherance of this resolution.

7(Cg-VIII)-Vnits for atmospheric pressure nsed in operational and research work of WMO

. THE CONGRESS,

RESOLUTION 8(Cg-VIll) 113

NOTING:

(I) Paragraph 3.2.1.7 of the general summary of the abridged report of Seventh Congress,

(2) The intent of ICAO to replace the bar as a unit of atmospheric pressure by the pascal,

CONSIDERING:

(I) That it is most desirable that only one unit be used for atmospheric pressure in meteorological messages,

(2) That the introduction of the SI unit pascal, in both the operational and research work ofWMO, would promote uniformity in the use of the S1 system,

(3) That the pressure unit hectopascal is equivalent to the pressure unit millibar,

ADOPTS the hectopascal as the unit of atmospheric pressure for use in both the operational and research work of the Organization;

REQUESTS the Executive Committee to co-ordinate the implementation date for this change with CAeM, CBS and ICAO;

AUTHORIZES the Executive Committee to approve the necessary amendments to the Technical Regulations and other WMO regulatory publications;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General to arrange for the Technical Regulations and other WMO regulatory publications to be appropriately updated.

8(Cg-VIII)-TropicaJ Cyclone Programme

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) Resolution 13(Cg-VII)- WMO Tropical Cyclone Project, (2) Resolution 32/196A of the UN General Assembly, (3) Paragraph 2.3.3.4 of the general summary of the abridged report of the

thirtieth session of the Executive Committee, (4) The annual status reports on the implementation of the WMO Tropical

Cyclone Project issued in 1975, 1976, 1977 and 1978,

EXPRESSES its satisfaction with the progress achieved in implementing the Tropical Cyclone Project in the years 1976-1979, particularly with regard to the

114 RESOLUTION s(Cg-vm)

valuable guidance material published under the global component and the improvements to the operational system resulting from the programmes of the regional cyclone bodies;

REAFFIRMS its grave concern at the heavy loss of life and severe damage 8til1

being caused by tropical cyclones in many areas of the world and the human suffering and economic loss in which they result;

NOTING with appreciation:

(I) The contributions of Members to the activities conducted under the global component of the Tropical Cyc10ne Project and the generous assistance' provided through the WMO Voluntary Assistance Programme and bilateral agreements,

(2) The success of the programmes carried out by the four regional cyclone bodies,

(3) The substantial assistance rendered by UNDP to this work, (4) The fruitful and developing co-operation with other international

organizations, especially UNDRO, UNEP and LRCS,

CONSIDERS that, whilst the measures already taken under the Tropical Cyclone Project have helped many countries to improve their protective systems, further continued and more vigorous action is essential to combat -the impact of tropical cyclones;

DECIDES:

(I) That an intensified WMO Tropical Cyclone Programme will be conducted during the eighth financial period;

(2) That priority should be given to the activities contained in the imple­mentation programme given in the annex * to this resolution;

REQUESTS the Executive Committee to revise and update the present plan of action in the light of the developments and changes that have taken place since its preparation;

URGES Members and the international organizations partIcIpating in the Tropical Cyclone Programme to strengthen their support to these activities, contnb-: uting the resources essential for their expeditious implementation;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General:

(I) To support these activities, and especially those directly linked to the provision of accurate and timely early warnings, by assisting cyclone-prone countries to the maximum extent possible in their efforts to safeguard people and property from tropical cyclones;

RESOLUTION 9(Cg-VIII) 115

(2) To publish and distribute to all concerned the revised plan of action and the implementation programme for 1980-1983.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 13(Cg-VII), which is no longer in force . • See Annex II.

9(Cg-VIII)-Typhoon Operational Experiment (TOPEX)

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) The plans of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee to carry out an operational test of the typhoon analysis and forecasting system in the western Pacific, -

(2) That the Typhoon Operational Experiment will be based upon observa­tional data collected and exchanged during the actual passage of typhoons,

(3) That the experiment will consist of three components - meteoro­logical, hydrological, and information and data transmission;

(4) That the experiment will be carried out under the programme of the Typhoon Committee and as a sub-project of the WMO Tropical Cyclone Programme,

COMMENDS the intergovernmental ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee for its initiative in planning the Typhoon Operational Experiment;

NOTING FURTHER that the objectives of the experiment are to improve the operational forecasting and warning system through the use of common, integrated procedures by all members of the committee,

ENDORSES the objectives of the experiment, as well as the other regional activities being c:,mied out by the Typhoon Committee under its programme;

CONSIDERING:

(I) That the Typhoon Operational Experiment will depend for its success largely upon the World Weather Watch and the Operational Hydrology Programme,

(2) That it will be necessary to intensify the frequencies and types of obser­vation carried out in the typhoon area for the experiment, including those obtained from meteorological satellites,

116 RESOLUTION lO(Cg-Vm)

URGES Members, and especially those participating in the programmes of the Typhoon Committee, to support the experiment to the maximum extent possible by providing:

(a) Any additional facilities that may be required on their own terri­tories;

(b) Assistance to participating Members through the WMO Voluntary Co-operation Programme or bilaterally;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General:

(l) To assist in the planning and execution of the experiment;

(2) To ensure that the Secretariat resources available to support the experiment are commensurate with the humanitarian, social and economic benefits it may be expected to produce;

(3) To co-operate closely with ESCAP in the implementation of the committee's programme and, especially, in supporting the Typhoon Operational Experiment.

lO(Cg-VIII)-Application of meteorology to aviation

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) Resolution IS(Cg-VII) - Application of meteorology to aviation, (2) The action taken by the Executive Committee in the implementation of

that resolution, (3) The report of the president of the Commission for Aeronautical

Meteorology, (4) Resolution 14(EC-XXVlIll, paragraph (4) under "DECIDES", updating

the CAeM statement on future trends in the provision of meteorological service to aviation,

CONSIDERING:

(1) That the nature of meteorological service to aviation is becoming more and more sophisticated and refined, thus calling for continued efforts in the scientific, technical and procedural field of aeronautical meteorology,

(2) That major efforts should be devoted to helping developing countries to strengthen their national capabilities for providing meteorological service to civil aviation as part of their national meteorological system,

(3) That the active role of the Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology, as well as close co-operation between WMO and ICAO, is essential to reach the objectives indicated above,

RESOLUTION II(Cg-Vm) 117

ENDORSES for use in the eighth financial period the statement on trends in aviation meteorology. which is reproduced as an annex * to this resolution;

REQUESTS the Executive Committee and the president of the Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology. keeping in mind the tenns of reference of the Commission and the statement reproduced in the annex *:

(1) To promote and/or encourage scientific and technical studies and research in aeronautical meteorology and climatology to cope with the safety and operating efficiency of both commercial and general aviation;

(2) To promote and/or encourage activities for the training and refresher training of aeronautical meteorological personnel;

(3) To ensure full CAeM input in the preparation and conduct of sessions held conjointly with the appropriate technical bodies of ICAO, both in contributing to the fonnulation of requirements for meteorological service to aviation and in the development of common regulatory material for new facilities and services deriving from the studies and research indicated in paragraph (1) above;

(4) To keep under constant review the trends in aviation and meteorology as well as changing requirements in aeronautical meteorology with a view to enabling timely arrangements for planning by Members, on the basis of cost/effec­tiveness considerations, of specialized meteorological facilities and services required.

NOTE: This resolULion replaces Resolution 15(Cg-VlI), which is no longer in force. * See Annex III.

ll(Cg-VIII)-Improvements in the marine meteorological and ocellnographic data collection scheme

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Resolution 6(Cg-VII) - Improvement in observational data coverage over the oceans,

(2) The action taken by the Secretary-General in compliance with this resolution, in particular, the preparation of a comprehensive report on the results of an inquiry on the present state of ship-to-shore telecommunications,

(3) The strong support expressed by international organizations concerned with maritime communications such as CIRM and IMea for the initiative taken by the Secretary-General in this area of common interest,

CONSIDERING:

(1) That the above-mentioned report confirms that improved facilities and performance at coastal radio stations are key factors for the efficient collection of marine meteorological and oceanographic data,

118 RESOLUTION II(Cg-Vm)

(2) That the report revealed that the use of radioteleprinter or radiotelex contributed to the accurate and expeditious transmission of marine meteorological and oceanographic reports,

(3) That geostationary and near-polar-orbiting meteorological satellites offer promising possibilities for marine data collection,

(4) That an International Maritime Satellite System called INMARSAT, to be operational in the early 19808, is expected to be a powerful tool for collecting marine meteorological and oceanographic data,

BEING CONCERNED that the situation regarding the number of ships' weather reports decreasing sharply at those standard times of observation falling within local night hours still continues,

URGES Members concerned:

(1) To arrange, in consultation with or through their national telecommu­nications administrations or authorities responsible for the operation of coastal radio stations, to:

(a) Ensure that coastal radio stations designated for the reception of ships' weather reports are operating on the frequencies an,d at the times published in WMO Publication No.9, Volume D;

(b) Investigate the possibility of allocating special frequencies and time slots for the collection of ships' weather reports at coastal radio stations handling heavy traffic;

(c) Ensure that their coastal- radio stations accord ORS messages the relevant priority specified in ITU Radio Regulation 37A;

(d) Add HF facilities at coastal radio stations where such facilities are lacking;

(2) To take full advantage of: (a) Developments in modern telecommunication techniques such as

the radioteleprinter system, particularly HF radiotelex; (b) The possibilities offered by geostationary and near-polar-orbiting

meteorological satellites for the collection of marine meteoro­logical and oceanographic data;

(e) International maritime satellite systems, such as INMARSAT; (d) Other automatic means of data transmission;

REQuEsTs-the Secretary-General:

(1) To offer advice or assistance to Members in the implementation of any of the above;

(2) To liaise with and consult appropriate international organizations, including ITU, ILO and IMeO on matters falling under their competence;

RESOLUTION 12(Cg-Vm) 119

(3) To arrange for a study of the collection and dissemination of marine meteorological and oceanographic data using the International Maritime Satellite System (INMARSAT) and to present a report to the Executive Committee at its thirty-second or thirty-third session, bearing in mind the possible changes in the existing concept of ocean data collection and dissemination;

EXPRESSES its gratitude to shipowners, ships' captains and officers of ships participating in Ihe WMO Voluntary Observing Ships' Scheme for:

(a) Their continued contribution to the WMO programme for the acqui­sition of marine meteorological and oceanographic data; and

(b) Their ready co-operation in the survey on ship-to-shore telecommuni­cation conducted in 1977.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 6(Cg-VII), which is no longer in force.

12(Cg-VIII)-Marine meteorological and related oceanographic activities for the period 1980-1983

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) Resolution 15(Cg-VIII) - Co-ordination of marine activities, (2) Resolution 14(Cg-VIII) - WMO's participation in the development

and impl~mentation of the Long-term and Expanded Programme of Oceanic Exploration and Research,

(3) Resolution 5(EC-XXX) - Marine meteorological and related oceanographic activities for the eighth financial period (1980-1983),

(4) Resolution 13(Cg-VIII) Integrated Global Ocean Station System,

EXPRESSES ITS SATISFACTION with_the steady progress of the marine meteoro­logical programme, especially as regards the further development of marine envi­ronmental services to diverse marine activities and implementation of the marine climatological summaries scheme as well as the exchanges of oceanographic data achieved within the framework of the Integrated Global Ocean Station System (IGOSS);

NOTING FURTHER the increase of demands for expanded and more refined marine environmental services and data which arise from more recent devel­opments in economic activities such as marine transport, exploitation of ocean resources, ocean technology as well as from new requirements of ocean research and climatology,

120 RESOLUTION I2(Cg-VIII)

CONSIDERING:

(l) That a continued concerted effort by Members is needed in order that marine meteorological and related oceanographic services may meet the level and standards required internationally,

(2) That requirements from the marine user communities call for close co­ordination in the provision of meteorological and oceanographic services,

(3) That modern data requirements call for efficient and co-ordinated programmes for the acquisition of meteorological and oceanographic data,

(4) That the support of WMO to various marine research programmes should be based on the wide use of existing WMO programmes and facilities including the joint IOCfWMO Integrated Global Ocean Station System,

ADOPTS the policy statement on the WMO programme on marine meteoro­logical and related oceanographic activities for the eighth financial period, reproduced in the annex * to this resolution, as guidelines for the Organization's activities in this field;

REAFFIRMS THE PRINCIPLE that WMO, in further developing its marine meteorological and related oceanographic activities, should continue to maintain direct contacts with international organizations representing the users' interests and should work in close co-operation with laC, IMCO, FAa and other international bodies dealing with marine environmental progra~mes and projects;

REQUESTS the Executive Committee, with the assistance of the Commission for Marine Meteorology and other technical commissions concerned and the Joint IOc;WMO Working Committee for IGOSS, to develop detailed co-ordinated programmes for implementation of the WMO marine meteorological and related oceanographic activities;

REQUESTS FURTHERMORE the regional associations to continue providing active support to regional developments in marine meteorology, both as regards the fostering of special regional co-ordination arrangements and the training in marine meteorological and related oceanographic subjects;

URGES Members concerned to give all possible support to the implemen­tation of marine meteorological and- related oceanographic activities and in particular:

(a) To strengthen their marine meteorological and related oceanographic service programmes;

(b) To continue and expand, as required, their contribution to the Marine Climatological Summaries Scheme; -

(c) To pay full attention to possible improvements of telecommunication arrangements, as part of the GTS, for the transmission of marine meteorological ~nd BATHY fTESAC reports, both from ships to coastal radio stations and from coastal radio stations to National Meteorological Centres;

RESOLUTION I3(Cg-VIII) 121

(d) To contribute to approved international projects of the Long-term and Expanded Programme of Oceanic Exploration and Research, in particular to studies of large-scale ocean-atmosphere interaction processes, long-term ocean monitoring and ocean-atmosphere climatic studies;

(e) To arrange, where required, for adequate training of personnel involved in marine meteorological and related oceanographic activities;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General:

(I) To arrange for appropriate co-ordination of WMO's activities in the above fields with other international organizations;

(2) To assist in the implementation of the above-mentioned activities;

(3) To bring this resolution to the attention of all concerned.

* See Annex IV.

13(Cg-VIII)-Integrated Global Ocean Station System

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) Resolution 18(Cg-VIl) - Integrated Global Ocean Station System, (2) Resolution 5(EC-XXVIIl) - IGOSS General Plan and Implemen­

tation Programme 1977-1982, (3) The increasing demands for services in support of safety and efficiency

of marine activities requiring a combination of meteorological and oceanographic information,

(4) Resolution X-22(1OC) - Establishment of a Joint IOCfWMO Working Committee for IGOSS, adopted by the tenth session of the roc Assembly, -

(5) Resolution 8(EC-XXIX) and Resolution 6(EC-XXX) - Joint lOCI WMO Working Committee for the Integrated Global Ocean Station System,

(6) The transformation of the IGOSS BATHY Pilot Project into the BATHY {fESA'C Operational Programme in June 1975,

CONSIDERING:

(I) That Members have an increasing requirement for the provision of marine environmental services to various marine activities,

(2) That the concept of IGOSS satisfies important conditions for a long­tenn ocean monitoring system - namely, continuity, global oceanic observational

122 RESOLUTION 14(Cg-Vm)

coverage, a variety of observational platforms and. a data collection and archiving scheme,

REAFFIRMS that IGOSS is a joint IOCjWMO programme to be planned and implemented in conjunction with WWW and the WMO marine meteorological programme in support of operational maritime activities and research programmes dealing with the marine environment;

REQUESTS Members to participate actively in all or any parts of the basic elements and programmes of IGOSS - namely, the IGOSS Observing System (lOS), the IGOSS Data-Processing and Services System (IDPSS) and IGOSS tele­communication arrangements;

COMMENDS the Executive Committee for the action taken to foster joint action between WMO and IOC on IGOSS, in particular, the establishment of a joint WMOjIOC mechanism to deal exclusively with the planning and implemen­tation ofiGOSS;

FuRTHER REQUESTS the Executive Committee to take any action considered necessary to improve the co-operation between WMO and IOC in the further implementation of IGOSS;

ALso REQUESTS the Secretary-General to include in his report to the Executive Committee and Congress a review of the status of implementation of IGOSS.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 18(Cg-VII), which is no longer in force.

14(Cg-VIll)-WMO's participation in the development and implementation of the Long-term and Expanded Programme of Oceanic Exploration and Research

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2414(XXIII) - Interna­tional co-operation in questions relating to the oceans, and Resolution 2467(XXIII) - Development of the Long-term and Expanded Programme of Oceanic Exploration and Research (LEPOR),

(2) United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2560(XXIV) - Marine science, which notes with appreciation the comprehensive' outline of the scope of a Long-term and Expanded Programme of Oce/mic Exploration and Research (LEPOR) and requests Unesco and its IOC to keep that programme up to date and

RESOLUTION 15(Cg-VIII) 123

consider its implementation in appropriate stages, in co~operation in particular with the United Nations, FAO, WMO and 1M CO,

(3) Resolution 17(Cg-VII) - WMO's participation in planning of LEPOR and its accelerated phase, the International Decade of Ocean Exploration,

(4) Resolution X-5 - Oceanographic Programme for FGGE - in which the tenth session of the Assembly of the IOC invited its Member States t6 parti­cipate in the programme and to provide data, products and logistic support to FGGE,

(5) WMO's participation in a Joint roCjWMO/CPPS' Working Group on the Investigations of EI Niiio.

(6) That the tenth session of the roc Assembly agreed that roc should participate extensively in activities related to the second objective of GARP and the World Climate Programme as the oceanographic requirements of these programmes become more evident,

(7) That the International Decade of Ocean Exploration will draw to its close at the end of 1980,

CONSIDERING that there are a number of on-going and contemplated LEPOR projects which have important meteorological aspects, particularly those related to ocean-atmosphere interaction processes, ocean circulation and variabiHty,

ENDORSES the action taken ·by the Executive Committee and the Secretary­General regarding WMO's participation in the development and implementation of LEPOR;

REQUESTS the Executive Committee to take the necessary steps to ensure appropriate interaction between LEPOR projects of meteorological interest and relevant WMO programmes, such as those related to the GARP second objective and the World Climate Programme, long~term ocean monitoring and the investi~ gation of the phenomenon called H Nino.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 17(Cg-VII), which is no longer in force. '" CPPS - Comisi6n Permanente del Pacifico Sur (Permanent Commission for the South Pacific).

15(Cg-VIII)-Co-ordination of marine activities

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING with appre~iation the action taken by the Executive Committee and the Secretary-General in compliance with Resolution 16(Cg-VII) to provide the co-operation required from WMO by the General Assembly of the United Nations by:

(I) United Nations General Assembly Resolution 24l4(XXIII) - Interna­tional co~operation in questions related to the oceans,

124 RESOLUTION j'(Cg-VIlI)

(2) United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2467(XXIII), Part D, regarding the co-ordinated long-term programme of oceanographic research,

(3) United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2560(XXIV) - Marine science, commending, inter alia, the establishment of the Inter-Secretariat Committee on Scientific Programmes Relating to Oceanography (ICSPRO) by the Executive Heads of the United Nations, Unesco, FAO, WMO and IMCO to further the common aspects of the work of these organizations and of IOC,

NOTING also the increased involvement of Members of the World MeteoTQ­logical Organization in providing marine environmental prediction services to diverse marine interests including fisheries, shipping, off-shore mining, coastal area development and the protection of the marine environment,

CONSIDERING that in order to further the sciences of meteorology and oceanography and in the interest of ocean user groups the closest possible co­operation should be continued between WMO and other international organi­zations concerned with marine science and its applications,

DECIDES that the World Meteorological Organization shall continue:

(I) To participate in meteorological and related aspects of international activities concerned with marine science and its applications;

(2) To participate in the Inter-Secretariat Committee on Scientific Programmes Relating to Oceanography (ICSPRO) and to provide the Intergovern­mental Oceanographic Commission (lOC) with such support as may be required under the ICSPRO Agreement within the limits of the budgetary provisions;~

AUTHORIZES the Executive Committee:

(I) To take the necessary steps to continue and to strengthen the colla­boration between the World Meteorological Organization and other international agencies concerned with international marine activities, in particular the United Nations, the United -Nations Environment Programme, the Food and Agriculture Organization, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organi­zation, the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization, the Inter­governmental Oceanographic Commission and the International Hydrographic Organization, including the establishment of joint working groups as required;

(2) To bring the relevant international oceanographic activities to the early attention of the appropriate bodies of the World Meteorological Organization and of the Members concerned;

(3) Where applicable, to inform international bodies concerned with marine science and its applications regarding international meteorological activities;

(4) To lend WMO's support as appropriate to inter-organizational oceanic projects which are being co-ordinated by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic

RESOLUTION 16(Cg-Vm) 125

Commission and to continue to provide support, within the limits of the budget, to the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission.

NOTE: This resolulion replaces Resolution 16(Cg-VII). which is no longer in force.

16(Cg-VIII)-Vnited Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Resolution 2750(XXV), Part C, of the General Assembly, on 17 December 1970, by which the United Nations decided to convene the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea,

(2) The Informal Composite Negotiating Text prepared by the Conference, in particular Part XIII, "Marine scientific research",

(3) Action taken by the Executive Committee and the Secretary-General to ensure that the meteorological interests are adequately safeguarded during the consideration of relevant articles of the text referred to in NOTING (2) above,

REALIZING that activities of the Members of WMO over the oceans fall into the following two major categories:

(a) Operational activities, such as the collection of meteorological infor­mation from voluntary observing ships, buoys, other ocean platforms, aircraft and meteorological satellites,

(b) Research activities. both meteorological and oceanographic, such as those carried out during-the Global Weather Experiment,

CONSIDERING:

(1) That an adequate marine meteorological data coverage from ocean areas. in particular from those areas in the so-called "exclusive economic zone", is indispensable for. the issue of timely and accurate storm warnings for the safety of life at sea and the protection ofHfe and property in· coastal and off-shore areas,

(2) That the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (1960) specifies that the Contracting Governments undertake, inter alia, to issue warnings of gales, storms and tropical storms and to arrange for selected ships to take meteorological observations,

(3) That Members of WMO have undertaken the responsibility of issuing warnings for the high seas and coastal waters according to internationally agreed procedures,

126 RESOLUTION 17(Cg-Vm)

EXPRESSES THE HOPE that those legal provisions specified in the Infonnal Composite Negotiating Text which govern marine scientific research would not result in restrictions to operational meteorological and related oceanographic obser­vational activities carried out in accordance with international programmes such as WWWand IGOSS;

ApPEALS to Members to ensure that their national delegations to the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea are made aware of the vital need for observational data from sea areas for the timely issue of weather forecasts and storm warnings;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General to follow closely the developments in the Conference, in particular by ensuring representation at sessions of the Conference, as appropriate.

17(Cg-VIII)-Application of meteorology to agriculture

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) Resolution 19(Cg-VU) - Agrometeorological activities in aid of food production,

(2) The action taken by the Executive Committee and the Secretary­General in the implementation of this resolution,

(3) FAO Resolution 12/77 - Co-operation with the World Meteorological Organization,

(4) Resolution 13(EC-XXX) - Agrometeoroiogical activities in aid of food production - Plan of action for 1979,

(5) The report of the president ofCAgM to Eighth Congress,

REcOGNIZING:

(I) That food shortages still occur in many parts of the world, (2) That agrometeorology has a considerable potential for contributing to

increased and improved agricultural production and the subsequent storage and transport of agricultural products,

(3) That meteorological services to agriculture in many countries, especially in developing countries, are inadequate,

(4) That the World Meteorological Organization and its Members have the responsibility to ensure that full use is made of all available weather and climato­logical knowledge and information in agricultural planning and operations at the_ national level,

RESOLUTION 17(Cg-Vrn) 127

BEARING IN MIND the relevant WMO Technical Regulations and the Guide to Agricultural Meteorological Practices,

DECIDES that WMO should establish and implement an expanded agriculture programme (see annex *) directed towards improving the application of meteorology to agriculture, especially in developing countries, in order to assist in world-wide efforts to increase food production;

REQUESTS the Executive Committee and the Secretary-General to take appropriate steps for directing the programme towards these objectives as far as possible during the eighth financial period, within the limits of the budget;

URGES all Members:

(I) To ensure that full use is made at the national level of all available weather and cHmatological infonnation and advice in agricultural planning, operation and projects;

(2) To collaborate actively with the agriculturalists at the national level in matters relating to meteorological input to agricultural projects;

(3) To provide maximum co-operation in carrying out the international aspects of the WMO agriculture programme directed towards improving the appli­cation of meteorology to agriculture;

REQUESTS the Executive Committee and the Secretary-General to take all necessary steps.:

(1) To assist Members in developing the national aspects of the agriculture programme, giving special attention to the needs of the developing countries;

(2) To maintain close liaison and to co-operate fully with other interna­tional organizations (particularly FAO, Unesco, IFAD, UNEP and UNDP) in the field of agricultural meteorology;

(3) To invite these organizations to join with WMO in the development and implementation of the inter-agency aspects of the WMO agriculture programme directed towards improving the application of meteorology to agriculture;

(4) To seek financial aid from all appropriate funds, programmes and agencies.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 19(Cg-VIJ), which is no longer in force . • See Annex V.

128 RESOLUTION 18(Cg-Vm)

18(Cg-VIII)-WMO activities in contribution to the combat against desertification

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3337(XXIX) of 17 December 1974 on international co-operation in the combat against desertifi­cation,

(2) United Nations General Assembly Resolution 32/172 of 19 December 1977 on the United Nations Conference on Desertification,

(3) Resolution 17(EC-XXX) - WMO activities in contribution to the combat against desertification,

(4) Paragraph 5.5.2 of the general summary of the abridged report of the thirtieth session of the Executive Committee,

(5) Recommendations of the United Nations Conference on Desertifi­cation, in particular Recommendation 23,

CONSIDERING:

(I) The role played by climate and climatic factors and human actions in desertification processes,

(2) The importance of meteorology and hydrology in various aspects of the combat against desertification,

(3) The need in certain cases for concerted international endeavour in the support of national and regional anti-desertification activities,

(4) The importance the UN General Assembly lays on the problems of desertification,

INVITES Members in desert-:prone areas:

(I) To continue strengthening their Meteorological and Hydrological Services to enable them to provide support in the fight against desertification, and in particular to intensify their efforts in the improvement and establishment of networks of synoptic, climatological and hydrological stations;

(2) To foster close co·operation between meteorologists and hydrologists and land-use planners, agriculturists and others concerned with anti-desertification activities;

(3) To stimulate education and training in the meteorological and hydro­logical aspects of the multi-disciplinary fields in the combat against desertifi­cation;

(4) To encourage appropriate authorities and experts to incorporate meteorological and hydrological information in national plans for the control of desertification processes;

RESOLUTION J9(Cg-Vm) 129

ENDORSES:

(I) The action taken by the Executive Committee in approving a WMO Plan of Action in the meteorological and hydrological aspects of the combat against desertification, as given in the annex to Resolution 17(EC-XXX);

(2) The steps taken by the Secretary-General to have WMO participate actively in the institutional arrangements set up to co-ordinate the implementation of the UNCOD Plan of Action;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General:

(1) To arrange, in consultation with the presidents of technical commissions and within the means available, for the implementation of the Plan of Action as outlined in the annex to Resolution 17(EC-XXX) and to continue to develop further plans in the combat against desertification;

(2) To co-operate with other UN agencies and international organizations in the collective effort to combat desertification.

19(Cg-VIII)-Promotion of applications of meteorology to energy problems with particular regard to solar and wind energy utilization

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) Paragraph 3.3.4.2 of the general summary of the abridged report of the Seventh Congress,

(2) Resolution 20(Cg-VII) - Promotion of special applications of meteorology, climatology and hydrology,

(3) Paragraphs 5.3.2.1 to 5.3.2.4 of the general summary of the abridged report of the twenty-eighth session of the Executive Committee,

(4) Resolution 15(EC-XXVIII) - WMO activities related to energy problems,

(5) Paragraphs 5.4.1 to 5.4.5 of the general summary of the abridged report of the thirtieth session of the Executive Committee,

(6) Resolution 15(EC-XXX) - Inventories of climatological stations and catalogues of climatological data,

(7) The conclusions of the WMO Solar Energy Meeting (Geneva, October 1978),

(8) The plans for the holding of a WMO Wind Energy Meeting in Geneva, in November 1979,

130 RESOLUTION 19(Cg-Vm)

(9) That WMO has been invited by the United Nations to participate in the preparation of the UN Conference on New and Renewable Sources of Energy to be held in 1981,

(10) The outcome of the World Climate Conference (Geneva, 1979),

NOTING FURTHER:

(I) That the world energy problems risk reaching critical limits in the next few years,

(2) That throughout the world there is a growing demand for the planning and development of the utilization of renewable energy sources, in particular solar and wind energy,

CONSIDERING:

(I) That the early implementation of the WMO Plan of Action in the Field of Energy Problems would be of material benefit to Members,

(2) That WMO should intensify its activities with a view to ensuring a rational use of meteorological and hydrological information and knowledge for renewable energy purposes, in particular for solar and wind energy and in both developed and developing parts of the world, especially in countries with adequate climatic resources;

ENDORSES the action of the Executive Committee in adopting the WMO Plan of Action in the Field of Energy Problems;

REQUESTS the Executive Committee and the Secretary-General to take all necessary steps:

(I) To keep the Plan of Action in the Field of Energy Problems under review with a view to adjusting it to developments; -

(2) To ensure that WMO pays very special attention to promoting the application of meteorology to the use of solar and wind energy and to allocate to the activities in this field a high priority, bearing in mind by way of guidance the conclusions of the WMO Solar Energy Meeting, 1978, and, as appropriate, the conclusions of the planned WMO Wind Energy Meeting (Geneva, November· 1979);

(3) To continue and further develop co-operation in the field of appli­cations of meteorology and hydrology to energy problems and to the utilization of renewable sources of energy with other international organizations such as UN, UNDP, UNEPand Unesco;

(4) To respond positively to the request from the United Nations for WMO participation in the preparations for and follow-up action on the UN Conference on New and Renewable Sources of Energy;

RESOLUTION 20(Cg-Vm) 131

INVITES Members:

(I) To participate to the full in activities in support of the WMO Plan of Action in the Field of Energy Problems;

(2) To increase the number of solar radiation stations and wind measurement stations needed for applications and climatological p1J.rposes as well as to complement the programme of measurements and improve their quality;

(3) To archive solar radiation records and wind records in a compre­hensive manner to permit ready access for a data base for the satisfaction of the future requirements of the user;

(4) To improve the availability of reliable solar radiation, wind and other meteorological data relevant to the successful implementation of solar, wind and other energy systems;

(5) To promote the publication of reliable solar radiation, wind and other meteorological data relevant to the successful implementation of solar, wind and other energy systems;

(6) To ensure the implementation of the national component of a world network of solar radiation stations at the "baseline" level representative of main climatic zones;

(7) To promote collaboration between national institutions dealing with energy problems and the national Meteorological Services.

20(Cg-VIII)-Promotion of special.applications

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) Paragraphs 3.3.4.1 to 3.3.4.3 of the general summary of the abridged report of Seventh Congress,

(2) Resolution 20(Cg-VII) - Promotion of special applications of meteorology, climatology and hydrology,

(3) Resolution 21(Cg-VII) - Role of meteorology and hydrology in economic and social development,

(4) Resolution 15(EC-XXVIII) - WMO activities related to energy problems,

(5) Resolution 14(EC-XXX) - Report of the seventh session of the Commission for Special Applications of Meteorology and Climatology,

(6) Paragraphs 5.3.2 to 5.3.6 and 7.13.1 to 7.13.7 of the general summary of the abridged report of the thirtieth session of the Executive Committee,

(7) Resolution 15(EC-XXX) - Inventories of climatological stations and catalogues of climatological data,

(8) Resolution l6(EC-XXX) - Guidance material on the calculations of climatic parameters used for engineering and building design purposes,

132 RESOLUTION 2O(Cg-Vm)

(9) Resolution 19(EC-XXX) - World Climate Programme, (10) The report of the president of CoSAMC to Eighth Congress,

NOTING FURTHER:

(1) That, throughout the world, there is an increasing awareness of demon­strated or potential interrelationship between climate and human activities,

(2) That there is a growing demand, at both the national and international levels, for special guidance on the rational use of weather and climate data and knowledge to support and promote various human activities,

CONSIDERING:

(I) That the application of weather and climate data and knowledge is of great importance for many operational and planning purposes and should conse­quently be promoted in all countries and also have the benefit of international support in developing countries, with a view to using to the fullest possible extent the beneficial aspects of climatic conditions. as well as to mitigating their negative effects,

(2) That the variability of climate, assessable from climatological data, is an essential ingredient of various planning activities on both local and regional scales, because of the possible consequences for the environmental, economic and social aspects of human life,

(3) That, in connexion with land·use planning, human settlements and design construction and maintenance of buildings, engineering, energy problems, human health and human biometeorology, tourism and transport, the application of weather and climate data and knowledge is essential in the interest of the quality of life, safety and economy,

(4) That, to prepare a sound basis for both research and application, appropriate reliable climatological data should be available and, for that purpose, special attention should be given to the promotion of adequate networks of climato­logical stations throughout the world, as well as to the publication of inventories of climatological stations and catalogues of their data,

(5) That national, regional and world climatic maps have become increas­ingly important for various planning activities,

ENDORSES the action of the Executive Committee in adopting Resolution l5(EC-XXX) - Inventories of climatological stations and catalogues of climato­logical data;

INVITES Members:

(1) To foster increased collaboration between Meteorological Services and institutions or services engaged in economic, social and/or environmental activities, with a view to providing the latter with reliable information and advice on weather and climate;

RESOLUTION 20(Cg-Vm) 133

(2) To promote the further planning, implementation and maintenance of adequate networks of climatological stations and, where technically justified, to increase the number of stations, complement their programme of measurements and observations and improve the quality of the data;

(3) To improve the availability of reliable climatological data with a view to facilitating their use in support of economic and social developments and human welfare;

(4) To pursue studies and development of methods of using weather and climatological information in support of the following areas of human activities:

(a) Human settlements, ·engineering, design, construction and maintenance of buildings and equipment, land~use planning, long-term energy planning;

(b) Human biometeorology, protection of the environment and health aspects, improved co~operation between meteorologists on the one hand and medical practitioners and health authorities on the other;

(c) Communications and transport, tourism, sports etc.;

REQUESTS the Executive Committee and the Secretary-General to take, in collaboration with the president of CoSAMC, all necessary steps:

(I) To ensure that WMO plays its full role in promoting applications of weather and climate knowledge and information to human activities and environ­mental problems, as mentioned under "INVITES (4)" and, to this end, also promotes inter-disciplinary work between meteorologists and experts in various user fields;

(2) To continue and further develop co-operation with appropriate inter­national bodies and organizations, such as the UN, UN Economic Commissions, Unesco, WHO, IAEA and UNEP;

(3) To provide guidance and assistance, especially to developing countries, on the appropriate climatological practices;

(4) To prepare international guidance material on the calculations of climatic parameters used for engineering and building design purposes;

(5) To organize missions of experts, technical conferences and workshops, with a view to assisting developing countries in promoting their climatological activities in a way which will be the most efficient and beneficial for various sectors of their economy. taking due account of national climatic and socio-economic conditions;

(6) To continue to promote the preparation of climatic atlases within the WMO World Climatic Atlas project;

(7) To assist the developing countries in all possible ways in ensuring that they play their full role at the international level and derive the full benefits at the nationallevel from the preceding activities.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 20(Cg-VII), which is no longer in force.

134 RESOLUTION 21(Cg-Vm)

21(Cg-VIIl)-WMO activities in the field of environmental pollution monitoring

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) Resolution 22(Cg-VII) - WMO activities in the field of environmental pollution,

(2) Resolution 16(EC-XXVIII) - Marine pollution, (3) Section 3.3.5 of the general summary of the abridged report of Seventh

Congress,

(4) Resolution 12(EC-XXII) pollution,

(5) Resolution 17(EC-XXVI) background level,

Measurement of background air

Environmental pollution at the

(6) Resolution IS(EC-XXVI) - Executive Committee Panel of Experts on Environmental Pollution,

(7) Resolution IS(EC-XXX) - WMO activities related to environmental pollution,

(S) Resolution 6(EC-XXX) - Joint IOC/WMO Working Committee for the Integrated Global Ocean Station System,

(9) Resolution X-S of the IOC Assembly - Programme for monitoring background levels of selected pollutants in open-ocean waters,

(10) The reports of the fifth and sixth sessions of the UNEP Governing Council (Nairobi, 1977 and 1975),

(II) The report of the UNEP/WMO Government Expert Meeting on Climate-related Monitoring (Geneva, 1975),

ENDORSES the action taken by the Executive Committee and the Secretary­General to pursue and stimulate world-wide developments in this field, particularly in relation to the WMO network for monitoring background pollution in air and also in other media and the activities to investigate pollution of oceans and inland waters, including co-operation with other UN and gover.nmental agencies;

CONSiDERING:

(1) The serious economic and social implications to man of the deteri­oration of his environment and the need to provide to. governments information relevant to. the abatement of po.llutiqn and rational management of the envl~ ronment,

(2) The need for a better understanding of meteorological and hydrological aspects of the complex biochemical cycles involved in the transformation, inter­change, long-range transport and global abundance of environmentally harmful constituents throughout the environmental media,

RESOLUTION 21(Cg-VIII) 135

(3) The urgent need for further expansion and strengthening of the WMO background pollution monitoring network, inter alia by filling the gaps in coverage, increasing the number of stations monitoring CO2, including the monitoring of suspended particulate matter and other variables and developing procedures of integrated monitoring in various media through pilot studies,

(4) The need to continue using meteorological and hydrological data to study the problems presented by the general pollution of the atmosphere and the pollution of the sea and inland waters in order to be able to limit its noxious effects or actions,

(5) The increasing concern about pollution of the marine environment by petroleum, as we1l as by the interchange of pollutants between the atmosphere and aquatic systems,

(6) The need for continuing collaboration of WMO with UNEP and with all UN agencies concerned with the assessment, prevention or reduction of environM mental pollution,

INVITES Members:

(I) To pursue vigorously the implementation of Resolution 18(EC-XXX), taking into account the modified priorities set by Seventh Congress,

(2) To pursue, as a matter of urgency, the establishment, where this has not already been done, of regional and baseline stations within the WMO network for monitoring background pollution, in accordance with Resolution 12(EC-XXII), Resolution I7(EC-XXVI) and Resolution 18(EC-XXX), in order to provide:

(a) Better coverage in certain continental and ocean areas; (b) Increased input to climate-related monitoring (e.g. CO"

aerosols); ( c) ]letter coverage of all major biomes; (d) As far as possible, inclusion of monitoring of media other than

air; (3) To pursue the development of new and improved techniques for invesM

tigating environmentally significant processes and substances, including techniques for integrated multiMmedia monitoring;

(4) To organize observations, in collaboration, as necessary, with other Members, of certain pollution factors together with meteorological and hydroM logical variables related to dispersion, transport and transformation of pollutants on different scales, including their longMrange transport and their exchange between the atmosphere and adjacent media, in particular the sea and inland waters;

(5) To arrange for their national Meteorological and Hydrometeorological Services to give advice to and to co-operate with the national bodies responsible for providing:

(a)

(b)

(e)

Monitoring of air pollution at the impact level; Forecasts of urban pollution potential; Air pollution control;

136 RESOLUTION 21(Cg-Vm)

(6) To take into account the potential of meteorological and hydrological information in studies of marine and inland water pollution;

(7) To encourage participation, when appropriate, in the development and implementation of IOC marine pollution monitoring programmes;

(8) To keep in mind the possibility of obtaining limited support through VCP or through WMO from UNEP or other sources of international funding for some of the activities mentioned in (I) to (6) above;

(9) To provide increased technical support to the WMO network of background pollution stations by operating central facilities, offering training and fellowships and assisting in bilateral agreements in the establishment of stations and procurement of equipment;

AUTHORIZES the Executive Committee and the Secretary-General, in close collaboration with UNEP, UN agencies and other international organizations concerned, to take steps:

(1) To ensure that all relevant aspects of environmental pollution and climate-related monitoring are fully considered and introduced in the future strategy and development of the monitoring programme of the WMO network of background pollution stations;

(2) To promote the timely submission by participating Members of data generated in BAPMoN as well as the dissemination, assessment and use of such data;

(3) To promote the universal application of techniques standardized by WMO for the monitoring of environmentally significant variables and to arrange for the further development of such techniques;

(4) To promote the development of techniques for monitoring any new pollutants of environmental significance and to arrange for the monitoring of such pollutants to be introduced at the WMO background pollution stations, as appropriate;

(5) To pursue co-operation, particularly through GESAMP, with UNEP, UN agencies and other international organizations regarding scientific aspects of marine pollution, and to continue close co-operation with roc in marine pollution monitoring programmes;

(6) To promote development and investigation of techniques to measure the interchange of certain substances between air and other media, including processes involved in air-sea fluxes of these substances;

(7) To promote and ensure the application of meteorology and hydrology to air-pollution problems at both background and impact levels, as well as to pollution monitoring in open oceans and inland waters, and to ensure continuing co-operation with other international agencies, such as WHO, IAEA and IOC;

(8) To contribute to the extent feasible and appropriate to the UNEP Regional Seas Programme;

RESOLUTION 22( Cg-vrn) 137

(9) To collaborate fully with UNEP in the further development of the GloDal Environmental -Monitoring System.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 22(Cg-VII), which is no longer in force.

22(Cg-VIII)-Programme on Short-, Medium- and Long-range Weather . Prediction Research (PWPR)

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) Resolution 9(Cg-VII), (2) Paragraphs 3.2.1.2 and 3.2.1.10 of the general summary of the abridged

report of Seventh Congress, (3) Paragraphs 4.1.30-4.1.34 of the general summary of the abridged report

of the twenty-ninth session of the Executive Committee, (4) The report of the president of CAS, including the abridged report of the

seventh session of the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (Manila, March 1978),

NOTES that in recent years significant developments have been taking place in the whole field of numerical weather prediction, and that many Members have developed and have shown interest in strengthening weather-prediction activities, including installation of computer facilities as required;

CONSIDERING:

(I) The need for further research for better understanding of problems of forecasting the weather on the basis of numerically predicted fields, which will help Members to strive for greater accuracy in short-range weather forecasting,

(2) The need for a continuing assessment of scientific and technical devel­opments in numerical weather prediction modelling, including the analysis of data obtained from the GARP experiments, which will have operational applications in routine weather forecasting and warning services,

(3) The potential benefits to many countries of the vast amount of data obtained from the Global Weather Experiment and the need to help scientists, especially in developing countries, to make the optimum use of these data as well as the scientific results therefrom, and to enable them to participate in studies in the post-FGGE research phase,

(4) The need for further research in order to arrive at a better under­standing of the ocean/atmosphere interactive processes with the hope of achieving a greater accuracy in long-range weather forecasting,

138 RESOLUTION 23(Cg-Vm)

ApPROVES the Programme on Short-, Medium-, and Long-range Weather Prediction Research as outlined in the annex * to this resolution;

ENCOURAGES all Members to collaborate and participate in joint research projects to be implemented within the programme and, where possible and appropriate, to offer facilities to serve as activity centres in specific key areas;

REQUESTS the Executive Committee and the Secretary-General to continue to promote the co-ordination of Members' work in this field;

REQUESTS the president of CAS to keep under review research developments in weather prediction and to make appropriate proposals to the Executive Committee on the desirable course of action, in particular the implementation of specific research projects with high priority, in consultation with the presidents of technical commissions and other scientific bodies concerned, including non-govern­mental organizations;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General:

(1) To take the necessary action, in consultation with the president of CAS, for the further development and implementation of the Programme on Short-, Medium- and Long-range Weather Prediction Research, which should include, inter alia, the role played by key regions of oceans for the evolution of long-term weather anomalies;

(2) To assist Members participating in the programme by facilitating the training and exchange of scientists, particularly those from developing countries, within the limits of available resources;

(3) To ensure the exchange of relevant information by means of periodical reports and other suitable publications;

(4) To arrange for appropriate Secretariat assistance in implementing the programme;

(5) To bring this resolution to the attention of all concerned; (6) To report to Ninth Congress on the progress achieved and to submit

proposals for further activities in this field.

* See Annex VI.

23(Cg-VIII)-WMO Programme on Research in Tropical Meteorology

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) Resolution lO(Cg-VII) - Research in tropical meteorology,

RESOLUTION 23(Cg-VIII) l39

(2) The action taken by the Executive Committee in implementation of this resolution,

(3) Resolution IO(EC-XXIX) - WMO Programme on Research in Tropical Meteorology,

(4) Paragraphs 4.1.1 0-4. I. l3 of the general summary of the abridged report of the thirtieth session of the Executive Committee,

NOTES that many Members have attached importance to research in tropical meteorology and have indicated their intention to intensify their efforts in some important areas of tropical meteorology;

CONSIDERING:

(I) The need for WMO to promote further the co·ordination of research efforts in those problems of tropical meteorology which would most help Members in the tropical zone improve their forecasting services, thereby contributing to their national economy,

(2) The need to help scientists, especially those from developing countries, to participate in studies of tropical meteorology conducted elsewhere,

(3) The need for WMO to ensure that the maximum benefit is derived from research undertaken and to stimulate research activity in particular fields of tropical meteorology,

(4) The potential importance of research in tropical meteorology in better understanding the processes of tropical weather systems and their connexion with and influence on the global circulation,

(5) The lack of sufficient meteorological and climatological data from tropical latitudes for scientific research purposes,

ENDORSES the action taken by the Executive Committee to approve the WMO Programme on Research in Tropical Meteorology as outlined in the annex * to this resolution;

DECIDES to encourage and give increasing emphasis to research in tropical meteorology, with particular attention to:

(a) The maximum use of numerical models and of data resulting from recent developments in satellites to improve the under­standing of atmospheric circulation within the tropics;

(b) The exchange of scientific information between research institutes and analysis centres, and particularly the participation of research scientists from developing countries in relevant specific research projects;

(c) The establishment of additional research institutes for tropical meteorology and analysis centres, where necessary and feasible;

140 RESOLUTION 23(Cg-Vm)

REQUESTS the Executive Committee:

(I) To consider and take appropriate steps to encourage further devel~

apment and implementation of possible high-priority specific research projects relating to:

(a) Tropical cyclones and associated storm surges;

(b) Monsoons; (e) Meteorology of semi-arid zones and the problems of tropical

dtoughts; (d) Tropical disturbances and associated rainfall;

(2) To give increased attention and support as necessary to the organi­zation of symposia, technical conferences and training seminars on tropical meteorology; the preparation of relevant Technical Notes; publishing periodic progress reports on research in tropical meteorology; the provision of advice to Members, on request; and improving the training of meteorological personnel specializing in tropical meteorology;

URGES Members to collaborate in the implementation of specific high­priority research projects within this programme and to contribute in every way possible to the overall effort;

REQUESTS the president of CAS:

(1) To keep under continuous review relevant major research activities and t<;> identify specific fields requiring further investigation;

(2) In consultation, as appropriate, with the presidents of other technical commissions and relevant regional bodies, to advise the Executive Committee and the Secretary-General on any measures that should be taken in the development and implementation of the programme, including the collection, processing, exchange and publication of tropical data for research purposes;

DIRECTS the Secretary-General:

(I) To bring this resolution to the attention of all concerned; (2) To take the necessary action, in consultation with the president of CAS,

for the further development and implementation ofthe programme;

(3) To assist Members participating in the programme by facilitating the training and exchange of scientists, particularly those from developing countries, within the limits of available resources;

(4) To ensure the exchange of relevant information by means of periodical reports and other suitable publications;

(5) To arrange for appropriate Secretariat assistance in implementing the programme;

RESOLUTION 24(Cg-Vm) 141

(6) To report to Ninth Congress on the progress achieved and to submit proposals for further activities in this field.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution IO(Cg-VII), which is no longer in force . .. See Annex VII.

24(Cg-VIII)---Solar-Terrestrial Physics-Meteorology (STP-M) Research Project

THE CONGRESS.

NOTING:

(1) Paragraphs 4.1.7-4.1.9 of the general summary of the abridged report of the twenty-ninth session of the Executive Committee,

(2) Paragraphs 4.1.27-4.1.30 of the general summary of the abridged report of the thirtieth session of the Executive Committee.

(3) Paragraphs 11.2.1-11.2.8 of the general summary of the abridged final report of the seventh session of the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences.

COMMENDS the Executive Committee and the Secretary-General for the action taken in providing support to the activities being undertaken by interested Members in collaboration with SCOSTEP relating to solar-terrestrial physics-meteorology;

EXPRESSES its appreciation of the action taken by Members, through the world data centres for STP, in making relevant data available for STP-M studies;

CONSIDERING the need for WMO to promote further collaboration with SCOSTEP in the field of STP-M research for an elucidation of possible physical mechanisms by which STP-M phenomena can influence weather and climate,

ADOPTS, for negotiation and further elaboration with SCOSTEP, the draft Solar-Terrestrial Physics-Meteorology (STP-M) Research Project as outlined in the annex * to this resolution;

INVITES Members:

(I) To contribute to the implementation of the project, after agreement has been reached with SCOSTEP, by intensifying their research efforts in STP-M, and to participate in joint scientific study programmes as envisaged in the programme of work (see annex *, Section E);

(2) To co-operate in a more systematic data exchange of basic STP parameters of use in STP-M studies;

142 RESOLUTION 2S(Cg-Vm)

REQUESTS the president of CAS:

(1) To keep under constant review research developments in STP-M and to identify those problems which require further investigation;

(2) To report to the Executive Committee as necessary on devel­opments;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General:

(I) To proceed, in consultation with the president of CAS, to collaborate with SCOSTEP in the planning of a project along the lines of the draft in the annex * to this resolution;

(2) To bring this resolution to the attention of aU concerned; (3) To report to Ninth Congress on the progress achieved .

• See Annex VIII.

25(Cg-VIII)-Precipitation Enhancement Project

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) With appreciation the action taken by the Secretary-General, the Executive Committee and its Panel of Experts on Weather Modification, individual experts, and participating Members in developing the Precipitation Enhancement Project (PEP),

(2) The signing in January 1979 of an agreement between WMO and Spain which sets an example for future co-operative projects in weather modification and which has led to the initiation of background measurements for the PEP,

(3) With appreciation the provision of facilities already made by the Government of Spain and also all future support in the implementation of the project,

CONSIDERING that the results of such a project will allow a better under­standing of the processes determining weather modification,

REQUESTS the Executive Committee: (1) To continue to pursue the objectives of the PEP which it adopted at its

twenty-eighth session;

(2) To ensure that the management structure for PEP has the strength and flexibility required to conduct this long-term research effort;

(3) To review the activities of PEP at its annual sessions, and to approve

RESOLUTION 26(Cg-VIII) 143

further expenditures on PEP from funds allocated by Congress after it is satisfied with the scientific viability and resource commitments made to the project;

URGES Members to participate in the planning, execution and evaluation of the PEP by making manpower and resources available, according to the requirements set out in the PEP plan or as they may be modified by the PEP Board;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General: (1) To bring this resolution to the attention of all concerned; (2) To continue the collaboration with, and seek possible financial support

from, other UN programmes and agencies such as UNEP, UNDP and FAO, and also IFAP;

(3) To seek the collaboration of other interested scientists, particularly through the good offices of IUGG.

26( Cg-VIII)--Hail-suppression research

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Resolution I2(Cg-VII) - Weather Modification Programme, (2) Paragraphs 4.3.8 to 4.3.11 of the general summary of the abridged

report of the thirtieth session of the Executive Committee. (3) The Final Act of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in

Europe (Helsinki, 1975) and the list of actual and possible projects for implemen­tation in Europe as agreed by the RA VI extraordinary session in 1976 (Annex I to the abridged report of the twenty-ninth session of the Executive Committee),

(4) That throughout the world numerous countries are presently engaged in, are planning, or have conducted hail-suppression experiments, the conclusive results of which could be of benefit to Members,

CONSIDERJNG that, although there has been an increase in knowledge and experience which has been gained through previous hail-suppression activities, there is stilI an urgent need to- increase our understanding of the hail-formation processes in order to improve the rationale for, and the design and evaluation of, exper­iments,

ENDORSES the action by the Executive Committee of WMO to encourage Members engaged in hail suppression to open their existing experiments to interna­tional participation;

144 RESOLUTION 27(Cg-Vm)

COMMENDS the Government of Bulgaria for its action in this regard and urges interested Members to participate;

URGES Members carrying out research achvItles in hail suppression to exchange information and to collaborate at the international level in resolving the many scientific questions related to understanding hailstorms and possible methods of their suppression;

REQUESTS the Executive Committee:

(I) To stimulate and support studies aimed at clarifying specific areas of uncertainties relevant to hail suppression and, if appropriate, consider the eventual development of a co-operative plan for a hail-suppression experiment in which all interested Members'could participate;

(2) To maintain its panel of experts, augmented by rapporteurs on hail as necessary, and to seek other appropriate expert advice to ensure the objectivity and scientific integrity of such studies and any evolving plans;

(3) To continue to collaborate with UNEP and other international organi­zations concerned in studies of the environmental consequences of hail-suppression activities;

REQUESTS appropriate regional associations and technical commissions. and particularly the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences. to _assist in every way possible;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General:

(I) To bring this resolution to the attention of all concerned; (2) To seek the collaboration of, and possible financial support from, other

international organizations, including UNEP, UNDP, FAO, IFAP and IUOO; (3) To facilitate the development of hail-suppression research on an inter­

national scale; (4) To submit a report to Ninth Congress.

27(Cg-VIII)-Weather Modification Programme

THE CONGRESS.

NOTING: (I) Resolution 12(Cg-VII) - Weather Modification Programme, (2) The action taken by the Executive Committee in the implementation of

that resolution, (3) The productive co-operation between WMO and UNEP in developing

- principles on the legal aspects of weather modification,

RESOLUTION 28(Cg-Vm) 145

RECOGNIZING:

(I) The potential benefits that could result from an ability to influence meteorological events locally so as to enhance water supplies or to mitigate natural disasters and weather hazards such as hail, severe storms, and fog,

(2) The continued interest of Members in acquiring definitive information concerning the consequences of existing weather modification techniques, including environmental impacts,

(3) The momentum gained in the Weather Modification Programme established by Seventh Congress,

REQUESTS the Executive Committee: (I) To propose ways in which WMO may facilitate bilatCfal and multi­

late~al programmes in weather modification among its Members; (2) To explore the feasibility of developing an international framework for

research and development in weather modification; (3) To continue its co-operation with UNEP and, if scientific devel­

opments so warrant, to cal1 as necessary joint meetings of experts at which the legal and environmental aspects of internationally significant weather modification activity could be examined;

(4) To continue the development of the Weather Modification Programme and to report to Ninth Congress on progress in meeting the programme's objectives;

URGES Members:

(I) To contribute to the implementation of the programme; (2) Who already have plans and programmes for operations and research

in weather modification to review them with a view to making their execution and results more broadly contributory to international needs as laid down in relevant WMO documents;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General:

(I) To bring this resolution to the attention of all concerned; (2) To continue to facilitate the implementation of the programme; (3) To seek the collaboration of, and possible financial support from, other

international organizations, including UNEP, UNDP, FAO, IFAP and IUGG.

28(Cg-VIII)-Instruments and methods of observation

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING with appreciation:

(I) The report of the president of the Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation,

146 RESOLUTION 28(Cg-Vm)

(2) The steps taken by the Executive Committee and the Secretary-General to promote the activities of the Commission for Instruments and Methods of Obser­vation by organizing instrument comparisons, technical conferences and training seminars,

FURTHER NOTING:

(1) Resolution IO(EC-XXX) - Report of the seventh session of the Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation,

(2) Resolution I I (EC-XXX) - National, Regional and World Radiation Centres,

(3) Resolution 12(EC-XXX) - Development and comparisons of radiometers,

CONSIDERING:

(1) The responsibility of the Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation in promoting research and development in the field of automatic observations as well as in the standardization and comparison of meteorological instruments,

(2) The continuing rapid progress in instrument technology, particularly the automation of observations, and the related need to train instrument specialists and technicians in the operation, servicing and maintenance of such equipment,

(3) The new developments in techniques and instrumentation for measuring envirpnmental pollution,

(4) The ever-increasing demand for competent instrument specialists and technicians in all Member countries and particularly in developing countries,

(5) The difficulties faced by many developing countries in maintaining their observational networks,

URGES Members:

(1) To participate actively in and to support the international meteoro­logical instrument comparison programme for evaluating and comparing the performance of meteorological instruments and new methods of observation;

(2) To increase activities in the field of instrument development and measurements for environmental pollution;

(3) To support the development of new instruments and systems, especially ground-based remote-sensing devices, surface and upper-air observing systems functioning automatically or operated by less specialized operators;

REQUESTS:

(1) The Executive Committee and the Secretary-General to take all necessary steps in order to stimulate and support training activities through workshops and training seminars in the field of meteorological instruments and methods of observation;

RESOLUTION 29(Cg-Vm) 147

(2) The Secretary-General to investigate the need for the services of one or more qualified specialists to assist national Meteorological Services in each Region in dealing with the most urgent problems in the maintenance of their observational networks, and to arrange for the provision of such services if necessary, making the maximum possible use of UNDP, VCP and bilateral arrangements;

(3) The president of CIMO to increase the activities of the Commission in the above-mentioned fields and to render all required assistance to the Executive Committee and the Secretary-GeneraL

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 14(Cg-VIl), which is no longer in force.

29(Cg-VIII)-World Climate Programme

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) The decisions relating to climatic change of the second session of the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme (1974),

(2) The request to WMO to undertake studies in the field of climatic change, made at the sixth special session of the United Nations General Assembly (1974),

(3) That Resolution XVI of the United Nations World Food Conference (1974), which has been endorsed by the General Assembly of the United Nations, requests WMO to encourage investigations leading to a better understanding of the causes of climatic change,

(4) Resolution 20(EC-XXVI) - Executive Committee Panel of Experts on Climatic Change (1974),

(5) Resolution 25(Cg-VII) - Climatic change (1975), (6) Part C of Annex X to the abridged report of EC-XXVIII - Integrated

international effort related to studies of climatic change (1976), (7) Resolution 12(EC-XXVIII) - Climatic change (1976), (8) Recommendation 24 of the United Nations Conference on Desert­

ification, endorsed by the General Assembly of the United Nations (1977), (9) Resolution 19(EC-XXX) - World Climate Programme (1978), (10) Resolution EjRESjI978j45 - World Climate Programme, adopted by

the second regular session (1978) of the Economic and Social Council,

(II) The results of the World Climate Conference organized by WMO in Geneva, in February 1979, and especially the Conference Declaration,

(12) The resolution of the seventh session of the UNEP Governing Council concerning the Climate Impact Study Programme of WCP,

148 RESOLUTION 29(Cg-Vm)

REcOGNIZING:

(I) That the climate of a geographical area or of the world as a whole is the result of a delicate and ever-changing balance of forces involving the sun, the atmosphere, the oceans, the land, the ice and snow of the polar regions, the deserts and the system of all living things,

(i) That changes in this balance and the resulting climate can occur on time-scales ranging from inter-annual variations to more gradual climate changes occurring over decades, centuries and millenia,

(3) That climatic variations and change have serious implications for mankind in connexion with a wide range of activities, notably world food production,

(4) That man's activities are likely to have an increasing influence on global climate,

(5) That more research is urgently required, in order to achieve a better understanding of climate change and variability, with the aim of developing a capability for climatic prediction,

(6) That such research is multi-disciplinary and calls for the collaboration of other international bodies with WMO,

(7) That the Declaration of the World Climate Conference calls upon all nations to give strongest support to the World Climate Programme of the World Meteorological Organization,

(8) That there is an immediate need for nations to utilize existing knowledge of climate and climatic variations in the planning of social and economic development,

(9) That, in the developing nations, there is a special need to acquire the ability to obtain better climate data and to apply them effectively for their own purposes,

(10) That the World Climate Programme should be used only for peaceful purposes, due account being taken of the national sovereignty and security of States, in accordance with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations and the spirit and traditions of the World Meteorological Organization,

CONSIDERING:

(1) That many Members and scientific institutes are pursuing major research programmes in the field of climatic change and inter-annual variation,

(2) That a number of activities relating to climatic changes are already being undertaken by various WMO technical commissions and within the framework of GARP,

(3) That WMO must take a lead in promoting the World Climate Programme,

DECIDES:

(I) To establish a WMO programme, entitled the World Climate Programme (WCP);

RESOLUTION 29(Cg-Vm) 149

(2) 1bat the World Climate Programme should have the following four components;

- Climate Data Programme (COP); - Climate Applications Programme (CAP); - Climate Impact Study Programme (CIP); - Climate Change and Variability Research Programme (CRP); (3) T.o utilize the material contained in the annex * to this resolution as the

basis for the planning and implementation of this new major programme~

URGES all Members to co-operate in the World Climate Programme by intensifying their national efforts in all components;

REQUESTS the Executive Committee:

(1) To consider, as and when necessary, the establishment of an overall co-ordinating mechanism for the WCP;

(2) To entrust the task of close co-ordination of the WCP programmes on data and applications and the review of the progress in the other components of the WCP to the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee referred to under agenda item 2.2;

(3) To establish and operate jointly with ICSU the corresponding committee which shall be responsible for the close co-ordination of the Climate Change and Variability Research Programme, in accordance with the provisions of this resolution;

REQUESTS:

(1) The presidents of the WMO regional associations to give particular attention to regional aspects ofWCP;

(2) The presidents of technical commissions to study and promote those aspects of WCP activities which fall within the axea of their competence and responsibility;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General:

(1) To bring this resolution to the attention of all concerned; (2) To invite collaboration of other appropriate bodies of the United

Nations family, in particular IFAD, FAO, Unesco, WHO and UNEP, as well as ICSU and IIASA and other international bodies concerned with climatic changes and their effects, and to promote effective co-ordination among them;

(3) To negotiate with UNEP the conditions under which UNEP could assume responsibility for the implementation of the Climate Impact Study Programme (CIP) of WCP subject to the principles adopted by the Congress of WMO and the Governing Council of UNEP;

150 RESOLUTION 30(Cg-Vm)

(4) To report to Ninth Congress on the progress achieved and to submit proposals for the future.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 25(Cg-VIl). which is no longer in force.

* The outline plan and basis for the World Climate Programme 1980-1983 is being published separately (WMO) - No. 540).

30(Cg-VIII)-Hydrological Operational Multipurpose Sub-programme (HOMS)

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) Resolution 26(Cg-VII) - WMO Operational Hydrology Programme, (2) Recommendation I(CHy-V) - Integrated Operational Hydrological

System (IOHS), (3) Resolution 19(EC-XXIX) - Hydrological Operational Multipurpose

System (HOMS),

CONSIDERING:

(I) That the preparation of a plan for the proposed sub-programme is in response to Resolution 26(Cg-VII),

(2) That HOMS would be broadly applicable to the needs of Members in varying stages of development,

(3) That the Executive Committee invited Members (Resolution 19(EC­XXIX» to participate in the preparation of the HOMS plan,

e 4) The general need for an international framework which can provide assistance in the planning and implementation of HOMS for water resources deve}w apment on the national level,

(5) That WMO, with its responsibilities in operational hydrology, is the appropriate international organization to implement such a sub-programme within its OHP,

DECIDES to approve the concept of HOMS as defined in Part A of the annex * to this resolution;

INVITES Members to participate in the implementation of HOMS, taking into consideration existing national structures and practices and in accordance with paragraph 6 of Part B of the annex * to this resolution;

REQUESTS the president of CHy:

(I) To initiate action on the implementation of HOMS as a sub­programme within the OHP, in accordance with the outline of activities included in

RESOLUTION 31(Cg-Vm) 151

Part B of the annex * to this resolution, and to present a detailed plan of action to CHy-VJ;

(2) To report to the Executive Committee and Ninth Congress on the experience gained in the implementation of the project~

REQUESTS the Secretary-General:

(1) To assist the Commission for Hydrology and the regional bodies involved in the implementation of HOMS, within the available financial resources;

(2) To co-ordinate the development and implementation of HaMS, taking into account the activities of other interested international organizations;

REQUESTS the Executive Committee to review regularly the development and implementation of HaMS .

• See Annex IX.

31(Cg-VIII)-Co-operation between Hydrological Services

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) Resolution 27(Cg-VII) - Advisory Committee for Operational Hydro-logy,

(2) The report of the chairman of the Advisory Committee for Operational Hydrology (ACOH),

CONSIDERING:

(1) The need for a direct input from national Hydrological Services in the planning and implementation of the Hydrology and Water Resources Programme,

(2) The need for strengthening the co-operation of Hydrological Services at the level of the regional associations,

(3) That, whilst ACOH has played a valuable role since Seventh Congress, there is a need for further strengthening of channels of communication between Hydrological Services and the presidents of the regional associations,

(4) That there is a need to advise Congress on the implications for Hydro­logical Services of the implementation of the Hydrology and Water Resources Programme, and that this can conveniently be achieved by a meeting of hydro-

152 RESOLUTION 32(Cg-Vm)

logical advisers to Permanent Representatives and representatives of Hydrological Services of Members attending Congress in the delegations of Members,

EXPRESSES its appreciation to the members of ACOH for the effective way in which the responsibilities of the committee were carried out;

ENDORSES the action of the Executive Committee and of the Secretary­General in the implementation of Resolution 27(Cg-VII) and the implementation of the recommendations of ACOH;

INVITES Members to continue to include hydrological advisers or represen­tatives of their Hydrological Services in their delegations to Congress and sessions of the regional associations;

REQUESTS the regional aSSOCIatIOns to designate, as a body of each association and in accordance with Regulation 31 of the General Regulations, a regional hydrological adviser to the president of the regional association, who should be a representative of a Service responsible for operational hydrology, and should preferably be the chairman of the regional association Working Group on Hydrology;

REQUESTS the Executive C?mmittee and the Secretary-General: (I) To invite the hydrological advisers to the presidents of the regional

associations to attend those sessions of the Executive Committee which deal with policy questions related to the Hydrology and Water Resources Programme;

(2) To arrange for a meeting of those hydrological advisers to Permanent Representatives and those representatives of Hydrological Services of Members included in the delegations of Members to Congress during Ninth Congress, as a sub-committee of the Congress.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 27(Cg-VII), which is no longer in force.

32(Cg-VIII)-Water Resources Development Programme

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) Resolution programmes,

28(Cg-VII) Water resources development

(2) Resolution 21 (EC-XXIX) - UN Water Conference results and their implications for WMO activities,

(3) Resolution 3513 (XXX) of the General Assembly of the United Nations, approving the results of the UN Water Conference (Mar del Plata, 1977),

RESOLUTION 32(Cg-VlII) 153

CONSIDERING:

(I) The recommendations of the Mar del Plata Action Plan on a world­wide concerted action in the development of water resources, particularly in the developing countries, '

(2) That the UN Water Conference specifically recognized the WMO programmes in hydrology and water resources as a significant contribution to the Action Plan referred to in CONSIDERING (1) above,

(3) The nature and scope of Unesco's International Hydrological Programme (IHP) and other related international programmes,

(4) That Hydrometeorological, Meteorological and Hydrological Services are called upon to play an important role in the assessment of water resources,

INVITES Members:

(I) To arrange for their Hydrometeorological, Meteorological and Hydro­logical Services to co-operate closely in preparing and implementing national plans for the assessment of water resources and to be consulted in the drafting and execution of plans for water-resources development and management. particularly with respect to water quantity and quality data-collection activities and exchange of related technology;

(2) To take appropriate steps to co-ordinate their participation in interna­tional programmes in the field of hydrology and water resources at national level as necessary;

ENDORSES the action of the Executive Committee and the Secretary-General in implementing Resolution 2S(Cg-VII);

ENDORSES FURTHER the action of the Executive Committee in adopting Resolution 21(EC-XXIX);

NOTES WITH APPROVAL the action taken by the Secretary-General in imple­menting Resolution 21(EC-XXIX);

DECIDES that WMO should continue to co-operate, within its competence, with other international organizations in projects concerning hydrology, water resources and related environmental problems ~

REQUESTS the Executive Committee and the Secretary-General, as appropriate and within the available budgetary resources:

(I) To arrange for WMO collaboration in the projects of the United Nations system of organizations and UN Economic Commissions, in particular those benefiting the developing countries, in implementing the Mar del Plata Action Plan;

154 RESOLUTION 33(Cg-Vm)

(2) To continue WMO co-operation with Unesco in jointly planning their activities in hydrology, in particular through a joint conference on hydrology, and to support the IHP of Unesco, as requested and appropriate;

(3) To co-operate with other governmental and non-governmental scientific organizations in the field of hydrology and water resources devel­opment;

(4) To continue to provide assistance to training projects of Members in the field of water resources, which benefit developing countries;

(5) . To participate actively in the co-ordination of activities of the United Nations system of organizations in the field of water-resources assessment, devel­opment and related environmental problems;

(6) To arrange for appropriate Secretariat support and to take other necessary action in connexion with REQUESTS (I), (2), (3), (4) and (5) above.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 28(Cg-VII), which is no longer in force.

33(Cg-VIII)-Co-ordination of technical co-operation at the national and regional levels

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) General Assembly Resolution 32/197 - Restructuring of the economic and social sectors of the United Nations system,

(2) Resolution 29(Cg-VII) - Co-ordination of technical co-operation at the national and regional levels,

CONSIDERING:

(1) That the basic objective of co-ordination is to improve the assistance rendered to governments,

(2) That the assistance provided to Meteorological and Hydrological Services in the recipient countries needs to be related to the development plans of the government in various fields in which meteorological and hydrological infor­mation and advice will fonn an essential input,

RECOGNIZING:

(I) That, under the UNDP country programming system, the Resident Representatives of the United Nations Development Programme in the countries play an important role in advising governments in the preparation of the country programmes,

(2) That the governments of recipient countries, with the assistance of the

RESOLUTION 33(Cg-Vm) 155

Resident Representatives, have endeavoured to plan in a co-ordinated manner their technical assistance requirements from all sources such as the UNDP, trust funds, the regular programmes of specialized agencies and bilateral assistance,

(3) That the Resident Representatives in many countries have acted as the focal point of this co-ordination in agreement with the planning authorities of the countries concerned,

(4) That, in the case of WMO, the Resident Representatives have provided valuable assistance in the co-ordination and implementation of the WMO Voluntary Assistance Programme projects and long-term fellowships with the UNDP projects which WMO executed in the countries concerned,

(5) That, under General Assembly Resolution 32/197, responsibility for the co-ordination of all technical co-operation activities at the country level that are not nationally funded is to be assigned to a Resident Co-ordinator designated by the Secretary-General of the United Nations,

(6) That in most instances the UNDP Resident Representative will be designated as Resident Co-ordinator,

INVITES Members concerned to keep the Resident Co-ordinators currently informed of all technical assistance activities and requirements relating to their Meteorological and Hydrological Services;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General to liaise with the Resident Co-ordinators on all meteorological and hydrological technical assistance activities in the countries of their assignment and to utilize to the maximum extent their co-operation and services in the implementation of WMO technical assistance projects;

NOTING FURTHER:

(1) That, in accordance with the decisions of the Governing Council of the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Regional Economic Commissions wi]] in future be more closely associated with the fonnulation and implementation of regional projects of UNDP in the various Regions,

(2) That close collaboration already exists in technical assistance activities between WMO and the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, the Economic Commission for Africa and the Economic Commission for Latin America, and that in some cases this collaboration takes the form of joint imple­mentation of regional projects,

REQUESTS the Secretary-General to continue to develop further the co­operation between WMO and the Regional Economic Commissions, with particular reference to the development and implementation of regional projects.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 29(Cg-VJI), which is no longer in force.

156 RESOLUTION 34(Cg-Vm)

34(Cg-VIII)-Recruitment of experts to serve in technical co-operation programmes in which the World Meteorological Organization participates

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) Resolution 30(Cg-VII) - Recruitment of experts to serve in technical co-operation programmes in which the World Meteorological Organization par­ticipates,

(2) That, due to the generous response of the Members to this resolution and their co-operation, the Organization has in general been able to meet the requirements for experts by the recipient countries since Sixth Congress,

(3) That some difficulties are nevertheless still encountered, especially in meeting the demands for experts in specialized fields such as satellite meteorology, cloud physics, applications of agricultural meteorology, etc., due to the persistent short supply of experts,

CONSIDERING:

(I) That for the expansion of activities of Meteorological and Hydrological Services of developing countries, the need for expert services in specialized fields will increase in the future,

(2) That such needs can be adequately met only if more of the required experts are available to the Organization,

PLACES on record its appreciation to the Members who have already made available experts to the Organization for its technical co-operation projects;

INVITES Members of WMO who are in a position to provide experts:

(I) To take appropriate steps to facilitate and encourage the availability of experts required to meet WMO's requirements;

(2) To bring to the attention of the national authorities responsible for higher education and research in their respective countries the need to strengthen training and education activities in the various applications of meteorology and hydrology and to encourage students to avail themselves of these training facilities in order that they can participate effectively in technical co-operation programmes;

NOTING FURTHER:

(1) That WM 0 has used associate experts in its technical co-operation programme as authorized by Sixth Congress and that at present four Members are providing such experts,

RESOLUTION 3S(Cg-Vm) 157

(2) That the use of associate experts may alleviate to some extent the diffi­culties of obtaining senior experts in conventional fields for long missions,

URGES all Members who are in a position to do so to make available to WMO associate experts for serving in appropriate technical co~operation projects in the field;

CONSIDERING FURTHER that the provision by recipient countries of suitable counterparts is an essential prerequisite for the success of the missions and which may shorten the period for which expert services are required,

INVITES recipient countries to make every effort to assign counterparts to experts serving in their countries;

REQUESTS the Secretary~General to bring this resolution to the attention of all Members of the Organization.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 30(Cg-VII), which is no longer in force.

35(Cg-VIII)-Participation of the World Meteorological Organization in the United Nations Development Programme

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) Resolution 31(Cg-VII) - Participation of the World Meteorological Organization in the United Nations Development Programme,

(2) That although the UNDP encountered financial difficulties in 1975 and 1976, the programme is again financially sound and the UNDP has been recognized as the principal funding source for technical co~operation activities,

(3) With satisfaction that since the Seventh Congress much valuable assistance has been given through the UNDP to the developing countries for the promotion of meteorological and hydrological activities and that the assistance funded from UNDP resources for this purpose reached in 1978 its highest level in monetary terms,

CONSIDERING:

(I) That it is indispensable for the developing countries to have national Meteorological and Hydrological Services available to respond effectively to the numerous social and economic development needs,

(2) That many developing countries are still in need of assistance for developing their Meteorological and Hydrological Services to the level at which

158 RESOLUTION 3S(Cg-Vm)

they can provide the maximum advice and information to economic development. including forecasts and warnings of natural disasters, such as tropical cyclones, floods and droughts,

(3) That the participation of WMO in the United Nations Development Programme continues to be the principal means of providing technical assistance to the fields of meteorology and hydrology to developing Member countries,

DECIDES:

(I) That the World Meteorological Organization should continue to parti­cipate in the United Nations Development Programme;

(2) That the Executive Committee should continue to supervise the arrangements for such participation in so far as these arrangements are dependent upon decisions of the World Meteorological Organization;

(3) That the Secretary-General ;;hould continue to emphasize to the appropriate United Nations bodies the important roles which meteorology and hydrology play in economic development and that therefore these activities should have an adequate share of the total UNDP assistance, especially under its inter­country component;

CONSIDERING FURTHER:

(1) That under country programming procedures the small organizations of the UN system, including the World Meteorological Organization, which has no country offices, can play only a minor role in the formulation of country programmes,

(2) That an agency with a highly specialized field of activity such as the World Meteorological Organization has an important role to play in advising governments in the development on the national level of activities in its specialized field,

(3) That UNDP-financed sectoral support available to Resident Represen­tatives will assist but not completely satisfy the requirement for technical advice in designing projects in meteorology and operational hydrology,

REQUESTS the Secretary-General:

(I) To bring to the attention of the Administrator of the UNDP the importance of continuing to review and improve procedures whereby specialized agencies such as WMO can play their full part in the second and third programming cycles;

(2) To obtain information from Permanent Representatives on requirements for technical assistance needed to strengthen meteorological and hydrological facilities, assist them in preparing project documents requesting technical assistance and make specific proposals to UNDP Resident Represen­tatives for projects to satisfy these requirements;

RESOLUTION 36(Cg-Vm) 159

(3) To keep the Permanent Representatives informed of changes in the UNDP procedures and the schedule of country programming in their own countries;

CONSIDERING FURTHER:

(I) The important role played by regional and inter-regional projects, in all fields of WMO's technical competence,

(2) That training seminars, conferences and study tours constitute a very efficient and economic means of transfer of knowledge and technology in rapidly expanding sciences such as meteorology and hydrology,

REQUESTS the Secretary-General to convey to the Administrator of the UNDP the above views of the World Meteorological Organization concerning regional and inter-regional projects with a request that adequate priority be given under the inter-country programmes for such projects;

URGES Members to continue to propose the inclusion of projects in the fields of meteorology and operational hydrology in the UNDP country programmes, and to give priority to inter-country projects in meteorology and operational hydrology, including those involving training matters such as seminars and fellowships.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 31(Cg-VII), which is no longer in force.

36(Cg-VIll)-Technical co-operation among developing conntries in the field of meteorology and operational hydrology

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) General Assembly Resolutions 2974 (XVII), 3251 (XXIX), 31/197 and 32/183 as wen as special initiatives taken by ECOSOC and the UNDP Governing Council to promote technical co-operation among developing countries (TCDC),

(2) Recommendations 32 and 33 of the Buenos Aires Plan of Action agreed upon by the United Nations Conference on TCDC,

(3) Resolution 2 I (EC-XXX) - Technical co-operation among developing countries in the field of meteorology and operational hydrology,

CONSIDERING:

(1) The importance of promoting and expanding technical co-operation among developing countries and the necessity both for these countries and for the international community at large to contribute to the strengthening of such co­operation,

160 RESOLUTION 36(Cg-VIII)

(2) That the development of meteorological and hydrological infra­structure is of key importance to the economic and social welfare of the developing countries,

AFFIRMS the importance of technical co-operation among developing countries as a useful means of expanding and strengthening international co­operation and achieving col1ective self-reliance in the field of meteorology and operational hydrology;

INVITES the regional associations:

(l) To discuss and/or reinforce at association sessions technical co­operation among developing countries in the development of Meteorological and Hydrological Services;

(2) To establish appropriate regional and inter-regional mechanisms for developing and strengthening TCDC in meteorology and hydrology;

URGES Members of WMO, and especially the developing countries, to continue and intensify their mutual co-operation at the national, regional and inter~regiona1levels with particular emphasis on:

(a) Application of TCDC approaches and techniques in the devel­opment of their Meteorological and Hydrological Services;

(b) Exchange of information on the experience and results of research in the application of meteorological and hydrological information to national economic and sodal development;

(c) Provision of information on the capacities (particularly as regards expertise, training facilities, equipment, supplies and contracting services) that can be provided to or exchanged with other developing countries in the meteorological and hydrological sectors;

(d) Utilization of the capacities available in developing countries;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General:

(1) To ensure WMO's continued co-operation with UNDP in promoting technical co~operation among developing countries;

(2) To keep Permanent Representatives informed of possibilities of and experience obtained by Members in implementing TCDC projects;

(3) To collect information on capacities for technical co-operation from Permanent Representatives of developing countries and to disseminate the infor­mation among other developing countries;

(4) To apply TCDC approaches to the extent possible in the execution of technical co~operation projects;

(5) To monitor and review the implementation of TCDC activities in the fields of meteorology and hydrology;

RESOLUTION 37(Cg-Vm) 161

(6) To report to Congress, Executive Committee and regional association sessions on progress made in implementing TCDC projects.

37(Cg-VIII)-The WMO Voluntary Co-operation Programme

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) That. in accordance with the directives contained in Resolution 33(Cg­VII) - The WMO Voluntary Assistance Programme. the Voluntary Assistance Programme has functioned in the seventh financial period in a highly satisfactory manner,

(2) That this programme must now be considered to be a major element in the successful implementation of World Weather Watch,

(3) Resolution 23(EC-XXIX) - Change in the name of the WMO Voluntary Assistance Programme (yAP).

(4) The additional need for such assistance in support of the agrometeoro­logical programme and the World Climate Programme,

(5) That in 1978 contributions received to the VAP(F) exceeded US $400000 and contributions received in equipment and services under the V AP(ES) reached US $4 million.

COMMENDS the Executive Committee and the Members concerned on the continued success ofthis programme;

CONSroERING the continued need for such assistance in the eighth financial period for the World Weather Watch implementation programme and its appli­cation in the field of hydrology and for long-term and short-term fellowships.

DECIDES:

(I) That the WMO Voluntary Assistance Programme shall be continued in the eighth financial period and shaIl be entitled "WMO Voluntary Co-operation Programme (YCP)";

(2) That it shall be available for assistance in: (a) Theimplementation ofWWW as first priority; (b) Granting long-term and short-term fellowships; (c) SUPP9rting short-term training seminars for personnel engaged in

the WWW and other activities covered by VCP; (d) Supporting agrometeorological activities; (e) The application ofWWWin the field of hydrology; (j) Supporting the establishment of observing and data-processing

facilities necessary for the World Climate Programme;

162 RESOLUTION 38(Cg-Vm)

(3) That the Voluntary Co-operation Programme in the eighth financial period shall follow the same general procedures as the Voluntary Assistance Programme during the seventh financial period;

AUTHORIZES the Executive Committee to establish detailed rules and procedures for the operation of the programme on lines similar to those established under Resolution 18(EC-XXVIII) - Rules for the utilization of the Voluntary Assistance Programme (V AP), but bearing in mind the decisions of Eighth Congress;

URGES all Members of the Organization to contribute to the maximum possible extent to the programme during the eighth financial period both in financial form and in equipment and services;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General:

(1) To continue to administer the Voluntary Co-operation Programme during the eighth financial period;

(2) To report to Ninth Congress on the assistance rendered during the eighth financial period, in addition to the annual consolidated report on the Voluntary Co-operation Programme distributed to Members.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 33(Cg-VII), which is no longer in force.

38(Cg-VIII)-Antarctic meteorology

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) Resolution 7(EC-XIX) - Antarctic meteorology, (2) Resolution 35(Cg-VII) - Antarctic meteorology,

CONSIDERING:

(I) That there is a continuing need for meteorological data from the Antarctic for the full implementation of the World Weather Watch and the Global Atmospheric Research Programme,

(2) That there is a continuing need for co-ordination of meteorological activities in the Antarctic,

INVITES Members which are States Signatory to the Antarctic Treaty to continue and, if possible, to enlarge their meteorological observing programmes in the Antarctic;

RESOLUTION 39(Cg-VIlI) 163

REQUESTS the Executive Committee to ensure the continued co-ordination of meteorological activities in the Antarctic:

(a) By maintaining its present Working Group on Antarctic Meteoro­logy with appropriate terms of reference;

(b) By arranging that recommendations on antarctic meteorology be transmitted to States Signatory to the Antarctic Treaty for their approval prior to implementation;

fuRTHER REQUESTS the Secretary-General to arrange for the Executive Committee Working Group on Antarctic Meteorology to meet when required, and to provide Secretariat support to the group.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 35(Cg-VII), which is no longer in force .

. 39(Cg-VIII)-Promotion of edncation and training

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) Resolution 34(Cg-VII) - Promotion of education and training, (2) Resolution 20(EC-XXX) - EC Panel of Experts on Education and

Training, (3) With appreciation the progress achieved and the results obtained by the

Organization in the performance of the tasks incumbant on it as regards education and training of personnel in the fields of meteorology and operational hydro­logy,

CONSIDERING:

(I) The need for further expansion of the activities of the Organization in the field of education and training.

(2) That there continues to be a pressing need for highly trained specialists at all levels to plan, direct, organize and carry out the meteorological and related programmes essential to the economic and social development of the developing countries,

(3) That the successful implementation of the World Weather Watch, the Global Atmospheric Research Programme, the World Climate Programme and the other programmes of the Organization, as well as the applications of meteorology and hydrology to economic and social development, will depend to a large extent upon the strengthening of national Meteorological, Hydrometeorological and Hydrological Services, particularly in the developing countries,

164 RESOLUTION 39(Cg-VlIl)

DECIDES that the education and training activities of the Organization shall be regarded as a matter of very high priority during the eighth financial period, with special emphasis on the following:

(a) Maintaining high standards in the technical and scientific training of personnel throughout the world in all the fields of activity of the Organization;

(b) Assisting in national, regional and inter-regional training programmes, with particular emphasis on strengthening the existing centres and establishing, as necessary, new regional and national training centres. Assistance would include syllabi, training publications, the provlslOn of fellowships and appropriate equipment and materials for training, including postgraduate training;

(c) Undertaking on request studies and surveys and the preparation of reports on the requirements of national Meteorological, Hydrometeorological and Hydrological Services in the field of education and training;

(d) Providing on request advice and information to Members on various aspects of education and training, including that of the recent progress in educational methods;

(e) Organizing regional, inter-regional and international seminars and conferences covering various aspects of education (lnd training;

(f) Collaborating with the United Nations, the United Nations specialized agencies and other international organizations in their respective activities, which have a bearing directly or indirectly on education and training in meteorology, operational hydrology, and related activities;

(g) Fostering exchanges of opinions and ideas on education and training between Meteorological, Hydrometeorological and Hydrological Services and members of the academic community;

INVITES:

(I) The presidents of regional associations to ensure that problems related to education and training are given adequate attention in the Regions, seeking solutions in consultation with Members;

(2) The presidents of technical commissions to keep under continuous study and review the education and training problems related to their fields of specialization, including research training;

REQUESTS:

(I) The Executive Committee to study and take appropriate measures for acceleration and extension of activities aimed at achieving the above objectives;

RESOLUTIONS 40 AND 41(Cg-Vm) 165

(2) The Secretary-General to support strongly the requests of governments to the United Nations Development Programme in the field of education and training.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 34(Cg-VII), which is no longer in force.

40(Cg-VIII)-Publications programme for the eighth financial period

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING Resolution 36(Cg-VII) - Publications programme for the seventh financial period,

CONSIDERING that the production and distribution of publications constitutes one of the most important activities of the Organization,

DECIDES that, as a matter of general policy, high priority shan be given to the publications programme;

EsTABLISHES as the basis of the publications programme for the eighth financial period the list of publications contained in the annex * to this resolution;

AUTHORIZES the Executive Committee to approve additional technical publi­cations as may be necessary during the eighth financial period, in so far as budgetary provisions permit;

DECIDES:

(I) That the languages in which publications shan be issued shan be as shown in the annex * to this resolution;

(2) That the format and method of reproduction shan be decided by the Secretary-General, taking into account the need for economy and any relevant instructions given by the Executive Committee.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 36(Cg-VII), which is no longer in force.

* See Annex x.

41(Cg-VnI)-public information policy

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING Resolution 37(Cg-VII) - Public information policy,

166 RESOLUTION 42(Cg-Vm)

CONSIDERING:

(l) The necessity of drawing attention to the value and usefulness of meteorology and of operational hydrology for the public in general and for the many human activities which contribute in particular to socio-economic devel­opment,

(2) The importance of effective scientific and technical co-operation among Members and international organizations, governmental and non-govern­mental,

DECIDES that the aim of the public information programme of the World Meteorological Organization shall be to make known throughout the world:

(a) The applications of meteorological, hydrological and climatological knowledge to general human activities as well as their importance for balanced socio-economic development;

(b) The progress already achieved in scientific research in meteorology and in related fields and the efforts presently being made, inter alia, through international co-operative programmes, both world-wide and regional;

(e) The aims of, and the progress made by, the Organization in imple­menting its main programmes;

Cd) The activities of the Organization in relation to its participation in important programmes carried out by international organizations, both governmental and non-governmental;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General:

(I) To co-operate, as appropriate, with the competent national and interna­tional organizations, both governmental and non-governmental, in the field of public information;

(2) To make the best possible use of available resources to implement the above policy.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 37(Cg-VII), which is no longer in force.

42(Cg-VIII)-Maximum expenditures for the eighth financial period

THE CONGRESS.

NOTING:

(I) Article 23 of the Convention of the World Meteorological Organi-zation,

(2) Article 4 of the Financial Regulations of the Organization,

RESOLUTION 43(Cg-Vm) 167

AUTHORIZES the Executive Committee during the eighth financial period from I January 1980 to 31 December 1983:

(1) To incur expenditures of seventy-four million four hundred thousand United States dollars ($74400000), the division of such expenditures into parts being shown in the annex * to this resolution;

(2) To incur necessary expenditures resulting from any increases in Secre­tariat staff salaries and allowances, as from 1 April 1979, consequent to changes in the United Nations salaries and allowances, such expenditures being additional to the sum referred to in paragraph (1), only if the Executive Committee is satisfied that they cannot reasonably be met by economies within the approved budget;

(3) To incur any necessary expenditures resulting from changes in currency exchange rates, as from 1 April 1979, not covered by the provision of paragraph (2) above, such expenditures being additional to those referred to in paragraphs (I) and (2) above, and not exceeding an amount of $500000, only if the Executive Committee is satisfied that they cannot reasonably be met by economies within the approved budget;

(4) To incur any necessary expenditures to meet unforeseen programme activities of an urgent character, additional to those covered by paragraphs (1), (2) and (3), but not exceeding a sum of five hundred thousand United States dollars ($500000) in total, which may be agreed by Members;

REQUESTS the Executive Committee to take such action as may be necessary to ensure that, if there is any beneficial change in any of the factors mentioned in paragraphs (2) and (3) above, there will be an appropriate reduction in the maximum expenditures of the Organization as expressed in US dollars;

DELEGATES to the Executive Committee the authority to approve annual expenditures within these limits.

* See Annex XI.

43(Cg-VIII)-Establishment of the Financial Regulations of the World Meteorological Organization

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(1) That Article 8 (d) of the Convention of the World Meteorological Organization authorizes Congress to determine regulations prescribing the procedures of the various bodies of the Organization and, in particular, the Financial Regulations.

(2) The decisions taken by First Congress, Second Congress, Third CongrC?ss, Fourth Congress, Fifth Congress and Sixth Congress in Resolutions

168 RESOLUTION 44(Cg-Vm)

22(Cg-I), 12(Cg-II), 37(Cg-III), 38(Cg-IV), 38(Cg-V) and 26 (Cg-VI) in establishing Financial Regulations for the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh financial periods respectively.

CONSIDERING that certain articles of the Financial Regulations require amendment,

DECIDES that the Financial Regulations as set out in the annex * to this resolution shall apply to the eighth financial period, commencing on 1 January 1980.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 26(Cg-Vl), which remains in force only until 31 December 1979.

* See Annex XII.

44(Cg-VIII)-Review of the Working Capital Fund

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) Resolution 44(Cg-VII) - Review of the Working Capital Fund - and Articles 8 and 9 of the Financial Regulations,

(2) That the Financial Regulations provide for the establishment of a Working Capital Fund financed by advances from Members in the scale of propor­tional contributions to the General Fund of the Organization,

DECIDES:

(I) That the Working Capital Fund shall continue to be maintained for the following purposes:

(a) To finance budgetary appropriations pending receipt of contri­butions;

(b) To advance such sums as may be necessary to cover unforeseen and extraordinary expenses which cannot be met from current budgetary provisions;

(2) That the principal of the Working Capital Fund during the eighth financial period shall be two million five hundred thousand United States dollars ($2 500 000);

(3) That the Working Capital Fund shall be established at the level prescribed above by additional advances from all Members of the Organization, the total advance for each Member being calculated on the basis of its proportional assessment for the eighth financial period.

NOTE:This resolution replaces Resolution 44{Cg-VII), which remains in force only until 31 December 1979.

RESOLUTION 45(Cg-Vm) 169

45(Cg-VIII)-8hort-term borrowing authority

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING that the bulk of the cash resources required for the implementation of the regular programme of the Organization as approved by Congress and the Executive Committee derives from the contributions paid by its Members and from the advances made to the Working Capital Fund,

NOTING ALSO that during 1979 a substantial delay may occur in the receipt of the contribution assessed on some of its Members, which may represent over twenty-five per cent of the contributions due at present and thus may even have some repercussions extending beyond 1979.

STRESSES the need to ensure the financing of the approved annual budget; and, to this end,

URGES all Members to pay their assessed contributions as early as possible;

AUTHORIZES the Secretary-General, if the cash balance of the Working Capital Fund should prove to be temporarily inadequate for financing the approved budget. to borrow funds on a short-term basis:

(a) From the Voluntary Assistance Fund and from the Publications Fund to the extent that such borrowing does not affect the activities financed under these two funds;

(b) From governments, banks or other external sources if the acquisition of funds under the authority given in (a) proves to be insufficient or not possible;

DECIDES that repayment of such short-term loans shall be made as soon as contributions received make this possible. it being understood that repayment of loans made under the external borrowing authority will have priority over the repayment of funds borrowed internally and that repayment to funds other than the Working Capital Fund will be made before the repayment to the Working Capital Fund;

DECIDES FURTHER that interest due on such short-tenn loans shall be charged under Part VII.D - Unforeseen expenditures - of the annual budget if it cannot be met from miscellaneous income;

EMPOWERS the Executive Committee to give similar authorization to the Secretary-General, if the need arises during the eighth financial period;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General to report to the Executive Committee on the action taken within the framework of the present resolution.

170 RESOLUTIONS 46 AND 47(Cg-Vm)

46( Cg-VIII)-Proportional contributions of Members during the seventh financial period

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) That certain changes have taken place in the Membership of WMO during the seventh financial period,

(2) That in some cases assessments of contributions for such Members were not made by Seventh Congress,

DECIDES that assessments of contributions for the seventh financial period for the following Members shall be as indicated below:

Cape Verde Comoros Papua New Guinea Republic of Djibouti Sao Tome and Principe Seychelles

one unit one unit one unit one unit one unit one unit

DECIDES also that the assessment of contribution for Viet Nam shall be reduced retroactively from two to one_unit as from 1 January 1977.

47(Cg-VIII)-Assessment of proportional contributions of Members for the eighth financial period

TH~ CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) Article 24 of the Convention of the World Meteorological Organ­ization,

(2) Resolution 46(Cg-VII) - Assessment of proportional contributions of Members for the seventh financial period,

CONSIDERING the need to introduce in the scale of assessments of propor­tional contributions on Members a system of automatic adjustment of assessments at each successive session of Congress to take account of the changes in the assessments by the United Nations, and also the divergency which prevails at present between the mi~imum level of assessment in the United Nations and the World Meteorological Organization,

RESOLUTION 4B(Cg-VIII) 171

DECIDES:

(1) That with effect from 1 January 1980 the proportional contributions of Members shall be assessed upon a combination of:

(a) One "meteorological element" representing fifty per cent of the assessments as would have resulted from maintaining the present scale and incorporating the following reductions: - Mozambique from 2 to 1 - Zaire from 4 to 2 - Zambia from 2 to 1

(b) One "UN element" obtained by multiplying the remaining fifty per cent by a factor representing the percentage change between the UN assessment for the biennium 1978/1979 and the UN assessment applied in 1975;

(2) That the assessments of proportional contributions of Members for the eighth financial period shall be as set out in the annex * to this resolution;

(3) That the unit of assessments shown in the annex * to this resolution shall remain fixed throughout the eighth financial period;

AUTHORlZES the Secretary-General to accept and implement any proposal for the adjustment of individual· unit assessments submitted jointly by two or more countries, provided that the aggregate unit assessments of any countries submitting such a proposal shall remain after adjustment equal to their aggregate assessments as set out in the annex * to this resolution;

AUTHORIZES the Executive Committee to make a provisional assessment in respect of non-Member countries in the event of any such countries becoming Members, the method of assessment being based on principles similar to those governing the assessments laid down in the annex * to this resolution.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 43(Cg-IV), which remains in force only until 31 December 1979.

* See Annex XIII.

4S(Cg-VIII)-IMO Fund

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING Resolution 45(Cg-IV) - IMO Fund,

CONSIDERING that the IMO Prize should be awarded for outstanding work in any of the fields referred to in Article 2 of the WMO Convention,

DECIDES:

(1) That the IMO Fund shall be maintained and that its moneys shall be invested in first-class securities;

172 RESOLUTIONS 49 AND 50(Cg-Vm)

(2) That the interest received from the investments of the IMO Fund shall be utilized to finance:

(a) The award of an IMO Prize annually for outstanding work in the field of meteorology orin any other field referred to in Article 2 of the WMO Convention;

(b) An IMO Lecture to be delivered at each Congress;

REQUESTS the .Executive Committee to make the detailed arrangements with regard to the IMO Prize and the IMO Lecture, subject to the following provisos:

(a) The IMO Prize shall continue to comprise a gold medal, a citation and an honorarium of one thousand two hundred United States dollars (US $1200);

(b) The IMO Lecture shall take the form of a review of progress in some branch of meteorology or in any other field of interest referred to in Article 2 of the WMO Convention. The full text of the review or account shall be published by the Organization and shall carry an honorarium of three thousand United States dollars (US $3 000) for its preparation. The actual lecture shall be a condensed version thereof ari~ shaU carry an honorarium of one thousand United States dollars (US $1 000).

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 45(Cg-IVj, which is no longer in force.

49( Cg-VIII)--Secretary-General's contract

ThE CONGRESS,

NOTING Article 21 (a) of the Convention of the World Meteorological Organization,

DECIDES that the terms of appointment of the Secretary-General shall be as set forth in the draft contract contained in the annex * to this resolution.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 47(Cg-VII), which is no longer in force . • See Annex XIV.

50(Cg-VIII)-Amendment to Article 13 (c) of the Convention

THE CONGRESS,

CONSIDERING:

(I) That the number of Members of the Organization has increased consid-

RESOLUTION S1(eg-vIII) 173

erably since the number of members comprising the Executive Committee was last fixed at Fifth Congress in 1967,

(2) The advisability of having on the Executive Committee wider consul­tation, thus not only improving the representation of each Region, but also increasing the number of Directors of Meteorological or Hydrometeoroiogical Services taking an active part in the operation of the Organization,

DECIDES:

(I) That the text of Article 13 (e) of the Convention shall be replaced by the following:

"(c) Nineteen Directors of Meteorological or Hydrometeorological Services of Members of the Organization, who can be replaced at sessions by alternates, provided: (i) That these alternates shall be as provided for in the

Regulations; (ii) That not more than seven and not less than two members of

the Executive Committee, comprising the President and Vice-Presidents of the Organization, the presidents of regional associations and the nineteen elected Directors, shall come from one Region, this Region being determined in the case of each member in accordance with the Regulations."

(2) That these amendments shall come into force on 14 May 1979.

Sl(Cg-VIII)-Amendments to General Regulations related to voting and elections dnring sessions

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) Article 8 (d) of the Convention of the World Meteorological Organ­ization,

(2) The General Regulations of the Organization as approved by Seventh Congress and published in the seventh edition (1975) of WMO Publication No. IS (Basic Documents).

CONSIDERING that, in the light of experience, some amendments to the General Regulations related to voting and elections during sessions could effect an improvement,

ADOPTS the amendments to the General Regulations given in the annex * to this resolution;

174 RESOLUTION 52(Cg-Vm)

DECIDES that these amendments shall come into force on 10 May 1979.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 3\(Cg-VI), which is no longer in force. '" See Annex xv.

52(Cg-VIII}-General Regulations ofthe World Meteorological Organization

THE ~ONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) Article 8 (d) of the Convention of the World Meteorological Organ­ization,

(2) The General Regulations of the Organization as approved by Seventh Congress and published in the 1975 edition of WMO Publication No. 15 (Basic Documents),

CONSIDERING that, in the light of experience gained since Seventh Congress in the application of these regulations, and in the interest of clarification, some amendments to the General Regulations are required,

ADOPTS the new or amended regulations as listed in the annex * to this resolution;

RETAINS IN FORCE the current regulations not included in the annexes * to this resolution and to Resolutions 51(Cg-VIII), 53(Cg-VIIl) and 54(Cg-VIIl);

DECIDES· that the General Regulations so amended shall become effective immediately after the closure of Eighth Congress except as may be otherwise provided for in other resolutions of Eighth Congress;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General to arrange for the publication of a new edition of WMO Publication No. 15 (Basic Documents) containing the full text of the General Regulations so amended.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 49(Cg-VII), which is !1o longer in force. * See Annex XVI.

RESOLUTION n(Cg-vm)

53(Cg-VIII)-System of WMO technical commissions for the eighth financial period

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

175

(I) Resolution 51(Cg~VII) - System of WMO technical commissions for the seventh financial period,

(2) Resolution 2(Cg-VIII) - Review of the scientific and technical structure ofWMO,

(3) Article 2 (e) of the Convention,

CONSIDERING:

(I) That the structure of WMO including the system of WMO technical commissions will be reviewed by an EC panel during the eighth financial period,

(2) That no major difficulties have been encountered in implementing the terms of reference of the various technical commissions, as revised by Seventh Congress,

(3) That amendments to the title and some terms of reference of CoSAMC are desirable.

(4) That a minor addition is desirable to one of the terms of reference of CHy arising from the change to the Convention made by Seventh Congress,

DECIDES:

(I) To continue during the eighth financial period the system of technical commissions as rev'ised by Seventh Congress;

(2) To continue to keep in force the titles and terms of reference of seven of these technical commissions as given in the annex * to this resolution with only a minor addition to the terms of reference of CHy;

(3) To change the name of the Commission for Special Applications of Meteorology and Climatology (CoSAMC) into the Commission for Climatology and Applications of Meteorology (CCAM) and to revise its terms of reference as indicated in the annex * to this resolution;

(4) That the revised title and terms of reference of the renamed Commission for Climatology and Applications of Meteorology shall enter into force immediately after the termination of the eighth session of Congress;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General to inform all concerned and to continue to provide assistance to the technical commissions as provided for in the General Regulations.

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 51(Cg-VII), which is no longer in force. '" See Annex XVII.

176 RESOLUTIONS 54 AND 5S(Cg-Vm)

54(Cg-VllI)-Vse of the Arabic language

THE CONGRESS,

NOTING:

(I) That the Arabic language is an official and working language of the United Nations and of many of its specialized agencies,

(2) That the Arabic language is the national language of many Members of the World Meteorological Organization,

CONSIDERING that the work of the World Meteorological Organization would be greatly facilitated by the introduction of the Arabic language as an official and working language,

DECIDES:

(I) That the Arabic language shall be an official and working language of the World Meteorological Organiiation;

(2) That the implementation of the above decision shall be effected on a step,by,step basis;

(3) That, as a first step towards full implementation, the responsibility of the Organization shall be limited, during the eighth financial period (1980-1983), to the provision of the following facilities only:

(a) Interpretation facilities for sessions of Congress, the Executive Committee, and Regional Associations I (Africa), II (Asia) and VI (Europe) on the same basis as for other official and working languages of the Organization;

(b) Equipment necessary for the provision of interpretation facilities (but not the interpreters) for sessions of technical commissions, when the use of such equipment is requested;

APPROVES accordingly the revised text of the relevant General Regulations of the Organization as shown in the annex * to this resolution.

* See Annex XVIII.

55(Cg-VIII)-Review of previous Congress resolutions

THE CONGRESS.

NOTING:

(I) Regulation 129 of the General Regulations concerning the review of previous Congress resolutions,

RESOLUTION S5(Cg-Vm) 177

(2) Resolution 52(Cg-VII) - Review of previous Congress resolutions,

CONSIDERING that it is very useful to publish Congress resolutions in force after each of its sessions,

HAVING EXAMlNED its previous resolutions still in force,

DECIDES:

(I) To keep in force the following resolutions: Second Congress: 3,4,5, 18(Cg-II); Third Congress: 3,4, 29(Cg-II1); Fourth Congress: 2,35, 46(Cg-IV); Fifth Congress: I, 2, 3, 6, 9, 15, 29, 30, 40 (except paragraphs (2)

and (3) under DECIDES)(Cg-VI); . Seventh Congress: 5,7,9, 12,21,23,24,26,32,38,39,40,43,48,50

(except paragraph under ApPROVES), 53(Cg-VI\); (2) To keep in force, but only until 31 December 1979, Resolutions

43(Cg-IV), 26(Cg-VI) and 36, 41, 44, 46, 47(Cg-VII);

(3) To keep in force, but· only until 30 June 1980, Resolution 2(Cg-VI\);

(4) Not to keep in force the other resolutions adopted before the eighth session of Congress;

(5) To publish the texts of resolutions kept in force pursuant to resolutions adopted at the eighth session of Congress. *

NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 52(Cg-VIl), which is no longer in force. '" The full texts of resolutions of Congress and Ihe Executive Committee are published separately in WMO

Publication No. 508.

ANNEX I

Annex to paragraph 7.2.4 of the general summary

Programme of sessions during the eighth financial period and of invitations for hosting them

Session

1980

Executive Committee (thirty-second session)

Commission for Basic Systems (extraordinary session)

Commission for Hydrology (sixth session)

1981

Executive Committee (thirty-third session)

Regional Association IV (eighth session)

Commission for Marine Meteorology (eighth session)

Place

Geneva

Spain

Geneva

Havana, Cuba

Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany

Remarks

No invitation received.

The Spanish delegation in­formed Congress that an invita· tion from its Government was under consideration and would be confirmed.

The Cuban delegation informed Congress that an invitation from its Government was under consideration and would be confirmed.

The delegation of the Federal Republic of Germany informed Congress that an invitation from its Government was under consideration. The date of Sep­tember 1981 has been proposed in view of the heavy conference programme of the Hamburg Conference Centre.

Session

Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation (eighth session)

Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (seventh session)

1982

Executive Committee (thirty-fourth session) Regional Association I (eighth session)

Regional Association III (eighth session)

Regional Association V (eighth session)

Regional Association VI (eighth session)

Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (eighth session)

Commission for Climatology and Applications of Meteorology (eighth session)

Commission for Basic Systems (eighth session)

ANNEX I

Place

Mexico

Montreal, Canada

Geneva

Uganda

Montevideo, Uruguay

Australia

Australia

Washington, D.C., United States of America

179

Remarks

The Government of Mexico has extended an invitation.

Jointly with the appropriate body of ICAO, plus five days separate session.

The delegation of Uganda in­formed Congress that its Gov­ernment intends to invite the eighth session of RA I.

The Government of Uruguay has extended an invitation.

The Australian delegation in­formed Congress that an invita­tion from its Government was under consideration and would be confirmed.

No invitation received.

The Australian delegation in­formed Congress that an invita­tion from its Government was under consideration and would be confirmed. The period pro­posed would be February or March 1982.

The Government of the United States has extended an invita­tion. The period proposed is April 1982.

No invitation received.

180

Session

1983

Ninth World Meteorological Congress

ANNEX I

Place

Executive Committee Geneva (thirty-fifth session)

Remarks

Regional Association II No invitation received. (eighth session)

Commission for Agricultural No invitation received. Meteorology (eighth session)

ANNEX II

Annex to Resolution 8(Cg-VIII)

Tropical Cyclone Programme - Implementation programme for 1980-1983

General

I. The WMO Tropical Cyclone Project was established in 1972 in response to Resolution 2733 (XXV) of the UN General Assembly. A plan of action was drawn up to guide the long-term activities under the project and an initial implementation programme set forth the main lines of the work since carried out. WMO has reported to the General Assembly annually on the progress achieved and a number of later resolutions urging WMO to intensify its activities in this field have been adopted, stressing the need for the allocation of greater resources to this work. EC-XXX and the ESCAPfWMO Typhoon Committee, in 1978, both called for an increase in the resources made available to the TCP.

2. Although considerable progress has been made, particularly since Seventh Congress. new technology and scientific advances call for continued efforts if early warning systems are to achieve their maximum efficiency. In addition, in many cyclone areas the transfer of existing technology has not been as rapid as was hoped and concerted efforts are still required to bring the systems to a satisfactory level. The lack of sufficient resources, both in the countries themselves and through inter­national support, may be held mainly responsible for this state of affairs. Whilst the original plan of action may be considered as continuing to provide the longer-term guidelines for the TCP, an implementation programme for the years 1980-1983 was approved by Eighth Congress to define the main areas to which specific attention should be given, in order to accelerate progress in operational as well as research aspects of the TCP in the eighth financial period.

Primary objectives

3. The ultimate objective of the WMO Tropical Cyclone Programme is to establish national and regionally co-ordinated systems to ensure that the loss of life and damage caused ~y tropical cyclones are reduced to a minimum. This goal can be attained only if each Member affected by tropical cyclones is able to: (a) Detect, track and forecast the approach and landfall of tropical cyclones; (b) Apply the most appropriate techniques of quantitative storm-surge

prediction; (c) Forecast the flooding arising from a tropical cyclone strike;

182 ANNEX II

(d) Make full use of the products provided by the appropriate RMC in order to issue timely and accurate early warnings;

(e) Organize and execute the essential disaster prevention and preparedness measures;

(f) Provide the basic data on risk of loss by winds, storm surges and floods to meet the needs of development planners and others.

4. The TCP should be regarded as a continuing activity, and should be flexible enough to adjust to new developments, whether they relate to prediction techniques or to the varied measures necessary for the protection of life and property. To achieve the ultimate objective of the programme, namely the issue of timely warnings and the prevention of disasters, it is necessary for both operational and research aspects to be given due attention.

Elements oj the TCP

5. The TCP will have three main elements: (a) Meteorological, based on the World Weather Watch (WWWJ, which will be

concerned with the provision of the basic meteorological data required for tropical cyclone forecasting and the application of the appropriate techniques to ensure timely and accurate forecasts;

(b) Hydrological, based on the Operational Hydrology Programme (OHP), which will be concerned with the basic hydrological data required for flood forecasting and the application of the appropriate techniques to ensure timely and accurate forecasts;

(c) Prevention and preparedness*, which will be concerned with all other structural and nonRstructural measures required to ensure the maximum safety of human life and the reduction of damage to a minimum.

6. In making the above division, the need is recognized for an integrated system which will operate smoothly through all phases of a tropical cyclone event. Although different national and international agencies will carry the major respon­sibility for different parts of the system, close liaison between all concerned is considered vital for the effective operation of the system as a whole.

7. In addition, the TCP will consist of general and regional components. The general component will deal with those activities of application to all Members in tropical cyclone areas, whilst the regional component will be devoted to activities of more restricted application, nonnally those directly related to the programmes of the regional cyclone bodies .

• In carrying out this part of the TCP, the primary responsibility will fall upon the appropriate govern­mental and non-governmental bodies (such as UNDRO and LRCS) with particular expertise in these fields. The WMO involvement would be to assist Members in ensuring the co-ordination of activities designed to protect human life and property which are consequent upon the forecasts and warnings issued by their Meteorological and Hydrological Services.

ANNEX II 183

8. The World Weather Watch, through its GOS, GDPS and GTS, and the Oper­ational Hydrology Programme will be the fundamental sources of information for the operation of early warning systems. Requirements for basic and processed information and its distribution for the TCP will be given special attention in the' further development of the WWW and the OHP. In turn, activities conducted under the TCP will be consistent with the requirements of these two programmes.

Expected impact of the TCP

9. TheJurther implementation and development of the TCP will enable Members to provide improved services to offset the present dramatic impact of tropical cyclones upon their populations and national economies. In particular, it may be expected that the following advantages will accrue: (a) Improved capability to issue accurate and timely warnings of tropical cyclones

and their expected effects in terms of strong winds, storm surges and floods;

(b) Co-ordinated planning and execution of disaster prevention and preparedness measures;

(c) Reduction of the loss of human lives; (d) Minimization of tropical cyclone damage and its present impact upon national

economies, thereby permitting increase~ economic growth in developing countries.

Implementalion programme ([ P) for 1980--1983

10. In order to meet the objectives of the TCP, the new IP aims to establish a viable' framework, indicating where priority should be placed, within which projects specifically related to the individual or collective needs of Members can be developed. It shows the main elements or areas in which action "is needed, both building upon past experience and achievements and looking ahead to the new initiatives which should be taken in the period 1980-1983. The responsibility for developing individual projects within the IP will lie with the Executive Committee, acting in response to proposals made by the regional associations and technical commissions, the regional cyclone bodies and the Secretary-General.

II. The IP for 19.80-1983 continues the division of the activities in two separate parts, under a general component and a regional component.

. General component

12. This component will cover those aspects of the TCP of general interest to Members affected by tropical cyclones. It will seek to convey information on developing sources of data from, for example, satellites and drifting buoys. It will provide guidance to Members to permit the introduction of new prediction and

184 ANNEX II

warning techniques through the spreading of scientific knowledge and will ensure the wide availability of this information through the publication of manuals and reports. It will encompass the broader training requirements for the Tep.

13. The specific areas in which work will continue or be initiated under the general component on a priority basis will include the following:

(a) Monitoring of the global exchange of data to identify shortcomings in observing or telecommunication systems and take remedial action;

(b) Implementation of additional facilities of global importance, such as satellites, aircraft and mobile ships, bearing directly upon the ability of Members to produce timely and accurate forecasts and warnings;

(c) Advice to Members on technical developments in such areas as radar, satellites and automatic weather stations;

Cd) Review of tropical cyclone forecasting methods and assistance in the intro-ductio"!1 of objective techniques;

(e) Co-ordination of advisories and warnings; (fJ Storm-surge modelling and prediction techniques; (g) Catchment modelling and flood-forecasting techniques; (h) Flood risk evaluation and its use in land-use planning; (i) Preparation of national disaster prevention and preparedness plans;

U) Proguction of audio-visual aids, pamphlets and booklets for public education and information;

(k) Exchange of information on tropical cyclone research and data requirements.

Regional component

14. Under this component the TCPjIP will concern itself mainly with the devel­opment of co-ordinated regional s'ystems to combat loss of life and damage resulting from tropical cyclones. This task will be carried out through intergovern­mental groups such as the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee and the WMO/ ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones, or similar regional mechanisms set up by the WMO regional associations such as the RA I Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South-West Indian Ocean and the RA IV Hurricane Committee. Close liaison has been and should be maintained between these various regional cyclone bodies. In relation to the regional component of the TCP, reference is made to the responsi­bilities of Regional Meteorological Centres (RMCs) for the preparation of analyses and prognoses and for the issue of advisories on tropical cyclones. Where these products are not already available to the NMCs from the RMCs concerned, the TCP should assist in measures to ensure their early availability, as well as in arrangements for their timely distribution to all Members affected by tropical cyclones in the area of the RMC.

15. The programmes of the regional cyc10ne bodies cover the meteorological, hydrological, and prevention and preparedness elements of the TCP. They will also

ANNEX II 185

take full account of those important related activities such as the specific high­priority research projects under the implementation plan developed by CAS as part of the WMO Programme on Research in Tropical Meteorology. The regional component of the IP will seek to advance these programmes by assisting the partici­pating Members in their implementation. It should be able to respond to any requirements expressed by the regional cyclone bodies in the pursuit of their adopted programmes. The specific areas in which work will continue or be initiated under the regional component on a priority basis will include the following: (a) Implementation of regional and national observing and telecommunication

facilities established on the territories of individual countries; (b) Implementation of observing and telecommunication networks; (c) Storm warning radar networks; (d) Acquisition and operation of ground equipment for the reception of data from

geostationary and polar-orbiting sateIIites; (e) Installation and operation of networks of tide-gauges, acquisition of historical

storm-surge data and storm-surge modelling and development of quantitative prediction techniques (see also WMOjlOC IGOSS programme);

(j) Installation and operation of networks of precipitation gauges and stream­gauges;

(g) Detecting, tracking and forecasting tropical cyclones; (h) Development of flood-forecasting techniques, including catchment model-

ling; (i) Co-ordination of tropical cyclone advisories and warnings; (]) Dissemination of warnings, including communication systems therefor; (k) Analysis of historical hydrological data and evaluation of flood risk; (I) Use of data collection platforms at selected priority locations; (m) Dissemination of analyses, forecasts, and satellite imagery and interpretations

of special relevance to tropical cyclone forecasting and warning; ·(n) Joint missions and seminars on disaster prevention aiLd preparedness;

(0) Training seminars, courses and fellowships.

ANNEX III

Annex to Resolution JO(Cg-VIII)

Trends in aviation meteorology

During the period 1980-1983 it is expected that the main emphasis will need to be placed on the following aspects of aeronautical meteorology as relating to the safety, efficiency and economy of air navigation. Additional aspects may arise as a result of the WMO Technical Conference on Aviation Meteorology to be held in November 1979.

(a) Aerodrome envirOliment

Attention will have to be paid to the provision of meteorological information for landing and take~off operations, particularly for low-minima operations. This will call for the automation of observing and reporting, including the provision of mUltiple RVR and wind observations, especially at large aerodromes, as well as the lise of local weather radar data and the observing and reporting of ~ow-level wind shear and turbulence. Close co-operation with local air traffic control (ATC) units is considered essential.

(b) En-route phase offlight

The Area Forecast System should be capable of providing the data needed for briefing and documentation, consistent with the use of digital data for input into flight planning and ATC computers. Co-ordination between the World Weather Watch and the Area Forecast System will be required, including the co·ordination of the contribution of GaS; GTS and especially GDPS to the latter.

(c) Scientific and technical studies in support of (a) and (b) above

Studies will be needed leading to the improvement of shOlt-range aerodrome, route and area forecasts (1-18 hours), to more accurate and timely aerodrome observations and to the development of new observing and -forecasting methods in respect of hazardous phenomena such as wind shear and turbulence as well as the special meteorological problems associated with helicopter operations. Studies are also needed as regards the integration of satellite, aircraft, and weather radar data with a view to improving operational forecasts and warnings.

ANNEX IV

Annex to Resolution 12(Cg-VIII)

Policy statement on the WM 0 Programm~ on Marine Meteorological and Related Oceanographic Activities in 1980-1983

1. The main elements of the WMO Programme on Marine Meteorological and Related Oceanographic Activities in 1980-1983 are:

(a) Marine meteorological and related oceanographic services, including sea-ice services;

(b) Marine climatology, inchiding the marine Peart of the World Climate Programme;

(e) Marine environmental observations, including those obtained by remote­sensing means;

(d) Co-operative programmes with other international organizations, including the Integrated Global Ocean Station System (IGOSS);

(e) Training in the field of marine meteorology and related oceanography_

Major tasks and their implementation

MARINE METEOROLOGICAL AND RELATED OCEANOGRAPHIC ~ERVICES

2. The three important considerations in developing the services programme should be the expansion of the scope of the services, their further specialization and promotion in developing regions. In implementing the programme, the leading principle should be closer identification of activitles with economic and techno­logical developments in marine sectors of world economy through maintenance of direct contacts with international organizations representing the user interests, namely FAO, IMCO, IHO, ICS, etc.

3. To derive maximum economic advantage of modern navigational techniques, more detailed forecasts and timely warnings of weather and sea conditions are required. In addition. criteria for warnings for less powerful types of vessel, such as dynamically supported craft, hydrofoils and other specialized craft, should be formulated.

4. In the coming years, there will be greater emphasis on provision of marine meteorological and related oceanographic information through modern and rapid means. The radio-facsimile broadcast system should be improved and co-ordinated for rapid dissemination of marine environmental information in graphic form. This will include standardization of symbols used on charts.

188 ANNEX IV

5. Special procedures should be established for services in support of search and rescue, marine pollution clean-up operations, port and harbour activities and various other coastal and off-shore activities, such as fishing, engineering, tourism and recreation.

6. Guidance material should be developed for drift calculations for maritime Search and Rescue (SAR) operations, forecasts of swell in harbour approaches and waves in shallow waters and for the reporting and forecasting of particular phenomena such as storm surges, harbour seiches, water-level changes, abnormal currents, etc.

Sea-ice services

7. Sea-ice service is a highly specialized field and during 1980--1983 full exp[oi­tation and utilization of modern technology should be the main theme in the improvement of sea-ice services. As a result, uniform operational practices should be developed for international use, including standard symbology, and guidance on interpretation of radar and satellite imagery of sea ice should be prepared.

8. Attention should be given to internationally co-ordinated data service arrangements, especially in making historical and current sea-ice data available in a form suitable for studies on climatic variations. This project will involve, amongst other things, the question of digitization of ice charts and the development of uniform formats.

MARINE CLIMATOLOGY

9. An established policy of the Organization in the field of marine climatology is the preparation of marine climatological summaries in accordance with Resolution 35(Cg-IV). A number of annual volumes, 49 in number. of the summaries have so far been published by the Members concerned under the scheme. In view of its great usefulness to operational and scientific applications, the scheme should be continued, taking into account the new requirements for specific types of infor­mation. In this relation major attention should be given to development of methods to incorporate new types of data, such as those derived from satellites, buoys, etc., in the summaries and other marine climatological practices. In particular, the homo­geneity and representativeness of marine data obtained from different regions and by different methods should continue to be investigated.

10. A major activity during [980-[983 should be the development of the marine component of the World Climate Programme and other follow-up actions on the results of the World Climate Conference so far as the marine part is concerned.

11. Another important step to be taken is the development of standards and procedures for the preparation of seasonal marine climate charts for some of the important elements such as sea-surface temperature, based on averages. In the same way, further action should be taken for the preparation of standard climatic charts of sea surface current data now being collected and stored by the international centre set up for the purpose in the United Kingdom.

ANNEX IV 189

MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL OBSERVATIONS

12. The Global Observing System does not yet provide adequate data coverage and there remain large data-sparse ocean areas. Emphasis should be placed on the use of satellites and drifting buoys as major sources of marine data, particularly from the tropics and the southern hemisphere. At the same time, improvement of conventional methods of observation on board ship should be pursued by continuing studies and investigation concerning measurement of elements such as winds, waves, precipitation and sea-surface temperature and for the preparation of suitable guidelines on standard methods. The feasibility of introducing automation of observations on board ship should also be given special attention.

13. Furthermore, improvement of telecommunication arrangements, as part of the OTS, for both ship-to-shore and shore-to-meteorological centre transmission of marine meteorological as well as BATHY (TESAC reports should continue to be one of the chief aims.

14. Intercomparison of data obtained by conventional as well as remote-sensing methods including infra-red sensors on board aircraft should be accelerated and procedures should be developed, as guidance, to enable coherent use of the combined data for operational purposes.

CO-OPERATIVE PROGRAMMES WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

Integrated Global Ocean Station System

15. The main objective of IGOSS activities during the next financial period 1980-1983 will be the further development of the IGOSS Observing System in close conjunction with the development of the IOOSS Data-processing and Services System in selected sea areas. Particular attention should be given to: - The regional development of the IGOSS Data-processing and Services System

(IDPSS); - The further development of the IGOSS Observing System, taking into account

also the need for climate-related monitoring; - The wider participation of Members in different parts of the IGOSS

programme.

Long-term and Expanded Programme of Oceanic Exploration and Research (LEFOR)

16. The continued participation of WMO should be ensured in relevant projects of the Long-term and Expanded Programme of Oceanic Exploration and Research, in particular: - Studies of large-scale ocean-atmosphere interaction processes; - Long-term ocean monitoring; - Ocean-atmosphere climatic studies.

190 ANNEX IV

TRAINING IN THE FIELD OF MARINE METEOROWGY AND RELATED OCEANOGRAPHY

17. The general policy in this important activity should be to continue, within the framework of the WMO Education and Training Programme and the relevant training programme of IOC, the present practices, which have proved to be fruitful and effective.

18. In addition, special attention should be given to on-the-job training and famil­iarization of local personnel in various marine meteorological duties, since this form of training is most effective and practical. Regional training seminars on marine meteorological and related oceanographic activities should be organized, as appropriate, and guidance material on forecasting methods and other technical problems should be prepared. Consideration should also be given to arranging expert survey missions to developing countries, on request, to assist them in the assessment of their requirements for the development of adequate marine meteoro­logical and related oceanographic services.

ANNEX V

Annex to Resolution 17(Cg-VIII)

Outliue of WMO Agriculture and Desertification Programme -Agricultural component

Objectives

I. The basic objectives of the programme are: (a) To assist Members, particularly in developing countries, in providing

agricultural and other responsible authorities with meteorological and hydro­logical information for the planning, management al)d development of agriculture;

(b) To collaborate with FAD and other appropriate organizations in joint projects which require meteorological input or support.

Areas of activity

2( a) The effects of weather on agricultural production and on the transport and storage 0/ agricultural products

(i) Investigations into the effects of weather on yield of major crops, partic­ularly in tropical and subtropical areas;

(ii) Investigations into the effects of weather on animal performance (rate of growth, reproduction, meat and animal products);

(iii) Study of the influence of weather on diseases of crops and animals; (iv) Investigations into weather effects on the transport and storage of

agricultural products; (v) Investigations into the meteorological aspects of agricultural management

practices.

(b) The use of agroC/imat%gical information in land-use and management problems (i) Development of suitable agroclimatic indices for use in agroclimatic

zoning; (ii) Study of techniques in the preparation of agroclimatic maps; (iii) Organization of agroclimatic surveys at national level and in groups of

countries subject to agreement of countries concerned; (iv) Study of the implications of climatic fluctuations on land use and

agricultural management.

192 ANNEX V

(c) The preparation o/meteorological and hydrologicalforecastsfor agriculture

(i) Study of current practices regarding the provision of short-term forecasts to users with a view to the improvement of such practices;

(ii) Keeping abreast of current developments in the field of medium- and long-range weather forecasting and their national appJication to agrometeorology;

(iii) Development of techniques for probability forecasting of meteorological and hydrological hazards to agriculture.

(d) Agrometeorological. agroclimatological and remote-sensing data (i) Study of the needs of agriculture for real-time or near-real-time

agrometeorological data; (ii) Study of the requirements for agroc1imatological data banks for use in

agricultural planning; (iii) Investigation into the choice of derived agrometeorological and

agroc1imatological parameters for use in agriculture; (iv) Further study, and encouragement of the use of remote-sensing data and

techniques to supplement conventional meteorological data in agricultural planning and operations.

(e) Supply of weather and climatological information to agriculturalists (i) Provision, at national level, of summarized weather and climatological

information to agriculturalists for the assessment of weather effects on . agricultural production;

(ii) Organization, where necessary, at sub-regional level, of the supply of agrometeorological summaries of past weather data at frequent intervals to national agricultural authorities for the assessment of weather effects on agricultural production;

(iii) Continuation of the provision by meteorological and hydrometeorological services of summarized meteorological and climatological information to FAO, at its request, as input to the FAO Early Warning System, taking into account FAD Resolution 12/77 and in accordance with the practices and procedures of WMO.

(f) Technical assistance for the establishment and strengthening of agrometeoro­logical capabilities of national Meteorological Services, especially in developing countries (i) Strengthening of the support to the developing countries in the

establishment and development of their agrometeoroiogical networks, data-processing and dissemination capabilities, especially through the use of UNDP and VCP programmes and through bilateral arrangements;

(ii) Provision of expert missions in the application of agrometeorological methods and in the continued organization of training seminars on specific agrometeoroiogical topics;

(iii) Support for the development of regional agrometeorological capabilities

ANNEX V 193

in WMO Regional Centres and in suitable National Meteorological Centres in the developing countries.

(g) Education and training in agrometeorology (i) Organization of training seminars and symposia in agrometeorology

directed mainly to the transfer of knowledge and techniques to developing countries;

(ii) Preparation of training manuals and syllybi on agrometeorology; (iii) Provision of fellowships in agrometeorology; (iv) Provision through short-term expert missions of guidance in agrometeoro­

logical methods to newly formed agrometeorological services.

(h) Co-operation with agriculturalists (i) Development of close liaison, at national and regional levels, between

meteorologists and agricultural scientists, advisers and planners; (ii) Collaboration at international level between WMO and the UN and

specialized agencies in the field of agrometeorology; (iii) Continuation of joint WMO/FAO projects in agrometeorology.

Objectives

ANNEX VI

Annex to Resolution 22(Cg-VIII)

WMO Programme on Short-, Medinm- and Long-range Weather prediction Research

1. The main objectives of the programme are to enable WMO to: (a) Promote the co-ordination of Members' research efforts aimed at improving

the accuracy of weather prediction on all time scales, by making optimum use of NWP techniques and products;

(b) Encourage Members to develop improved NWP techniques for application to routine forecasting services, in parallel with their research efforts aimed at better understanding of the physics and dynamics of numerical models;

(c) Assist scientists, especially those from developing countries, to participate in relevant weather-prediction research programmes conducted elsewhere;

(d) Provide advice to Members concerning research and training projects in NWP and its application to the forecasting of weather elements;

(e) Exchange information between Members concerning the up-to-date status of research on weather prediction and the development of NWP models;

(f) -Encourage Members to study ocean/atmosphere interactions and their appli­cation to long-range forecasting.

The overall strategy

2. WMO should act as a co-ordinator of activities in weather-prediction research, by keeping current activities under continuous review and taking the initiative, where appropriate, to prepare and publish technical reports on significant advances in research undertaken, and to organize or sponsor technical conferences and symposia, including expert meetings.

3. The way these objectives may be achieved is to seek and stimulate the Members' collaboration and participation in joint research efforts, including the offer of facilities to serve as activity centres, for: (a) Improving methods for data assimilation and numerical forecasting and

thereby making the best possible use of the scientific results obtained during the different GARP experiments;

(b) Developing different techniques (automatic as well as semi-automatic) to improve the very short-range weather forecasts, with the emphasis on predicting dangerous weather events for all types of user;

ANNEX V[ 195

(e) Developing dynamical and statistical methods for local forecasting purposes;

(d) Developing systems for the prediction of non-meteorological parameters governed by meteorological processes ~

(e) Assessing the possibilities of weather prediction over time-scales of 30 days or longer, taking into account ocean/atmosphere interactions.

Programme of work

4. Studies which would need to be undertaken under the proposed programme are classified according to the following criteria:

I: Those areas which are of general and direct importance to weather forecasting and for which extra funding is expected to bring significant progress;

II: Those areas which are already well in hand and for which work should be continued in national centres concerned with little international funding;

III: Those areas which are important and interesting, and on which work should continue, bout the immediate success of which in improving weather forecasting depends little on the provision of international funds.

5. It should be noted that the above-mentioned criteria would vary from Member to Member and do not necessarily indicate the importance of the activities, but rather where they should be started from the point of view of international funding and the initiatives to be taken by WMO.

6. Study projects under Category I

6.1 Research and .development in objective analysis and data assimilation; 6.2 Research and development in numerical prediction; 6.3 Statistical and objective interpretation of large-scale NWP products in terms of

local weather; 6.4 Tropical storm prediction; 6.5 Quantitative precipitation forecasts; 6.6 Weather forecasting systems based on a man-machine mix; 6.7 Research on extended-range forecasting.

7. Study projects under Category II

7.1 Observing system studies and data impact tests; 7.2 Research and development in numerical prediction (additional subjects to

those listed under 6.2); 7.3 Mesoscale dynamical modelling techniques and the use of very fine-mesh

models; 7.4 Application of NWP models.

196 ANNEX VJ

8. Study projects under Category III

8.1 NWP verification procedures; 8.2 Tropical storm prediction (additional subjects to those listed under 6.4).

ANNEX VII

Annex to Resolution 23(Cg-VIII)

WMO Programme on Researchin Tropical Meteorology

I. Objectives

I. The main objectives of the WMO Programme on Research in Tropical Meteorology will be to enable WMO to: (a) Promote the co~ordination of Members' research efforts (as described in

paragraph 5 below) in relevant areas of tropical meteorology. by making the optimum use of data. both those which are routinely available and those which are now becoming available from a number of tropical experiments (e.g. GATE, MONEX and WAMEX) and the scientific results therefrom. This will lead to a better understanding of the behaviour of tropical weather systems and to an improvement in forecasts, and thereby will be of economic benefit to the community;

(b) Help scientists, especially those from developing countries, to participate in studies of tropical meteorology conducted elsewhere;

(c) Provide advice to Members, on request, concerning research and training projects in tropical meteorology.

II. Programme components

2. The main components of the WMO Programme on Research in Tropical Meteorology will include work relating to the following research topics: (a) Tropical cyclones and associated storm surges;

(i) Studies of tropical cyclone dynamics using obervational data and numerical model1ing;

(ii) Research into techniques for predicting tropical cyclone intensities and tracks~

(iii) Research into storm-surge forecasting techniques; (iv) Research aspects of the WMO Tropical Cyclone Project.

(b) Monsoons: studies of monsoon phenomena on global and regional scales, including MONEX and WAMEX, with particular emphasis on studies based on the data obtained in these experiments;

(c) Meteorology of semi-arid zones: problem of tropical droughts - research assessing the likelihood of drought conditions;

(d) Tropical disturbances, in particular rainfall associated with: (i) The ITCZ and tropical disturbances on it;

198 ANNEX VII

(ii) West Afric"an disturbance lines; (iii) Easterly waves and cloud clusters.

3. The details of studies needed to answer scientific questions on the above subject have been developed in the form of specific research projects for implemen­tation within the programme. The list of these projects in two categories of priority is given in Section IV. Many of these studies are already being undertaken in various research centres and the main role of WMO will be to ensure that the results of these studies, particularly those having practical application, are widely dissem­inated. Moreover, since there is a continually evolving set of research tasks, it will be necessary for CAS to keep under review current research activities and identify fields requiring further attention.

III. The overall strategy and the role of WMO

The overall strategy

4. WMO should act as a co-ordinator of research activities in tropical meteoro­logy. by keeping these activities under continuous review and taking the initiative, where appropriate. to ensure that the maximum benefit is derived from research undertaken, and to stimulate research activity in particular areas.

The role of WMO

5. The specific tasks which WMO should undertake in order to implement the above strategy are: (a) To ascertain the extent of research efforts in tropical countries, including

facilities and manpower, in the fields of data acquisition. data analysis and forecasting;

(b) (i) To define, mainly through working groups and technical experts, research problems of importance to tropical countries in different regions, taking into account their potential economic significance;

(ii) To formulate the relevant studies which need to be carried out in relation to these research problems for consideration of interested Members or research institutions;

(c) To stimulate collaboration and/or assistance from Members or research insti­tutions engaged in advanced studies of tropical meteorology, for instance, secondment of scientific staff, the possible use of research and experimental facilities, personal advice or material assistance, etc.;

(d) To encourage the exchange of information on progress in the work undertaken (e.g. annual report on research work in tropical meteorology). and to designate experts individually or as a group to prepare review papers summarizing the results for circulation to interested Members;

(e) To consider the need and the possibility of creating research units attached to existing meteorological centres in the tropical region which would include training functions;

ANNEX VII 199

(f) To co-operate with complementary programmes within the WMO, in particular: (i) To provide long-term scientific support after the execution of the field

programmes under the Global Atmospheric Research Programme, i.e. to adopt a long-term commitment to consolidate and further extend the research advances in tropical meteorology. Particular emphasis will be placed on applying the results to meet the economic needs of tropical areas;

(ii) To assess the research aspects of the Tropical Cyclone Project; (iii) To provide advice as required on the particular educational requirements

of the meteorological research cDmmunity, including training in newly developed techniques.

6. The CAS Working Group on Tropical Meteorology will give scientific advice to the Secretary-General and the Executive Committee, through the president of CAS, as and when necessary.

IV. List of specific high-priority research projects (Priority I) for implementation within the WMO Programme on Research in Tropical Meteorology

(For a brief description of these projects in two categories of priority. see abridged report of CAS-VII, Annex I.)

(a) Research projects relating to tropical cyclones

(i) Global tropical cyclone data for research; (ii) Small-scale cycloidal motions of tropical cyclones; (iii) Association of tropical cyclogenesis with large-scale circulation

changes;

(b) Research projects relating to monsoons (i) Long-term programme for monsoon studies; (ii) Factors determining the large-scale circulation in the tropics, including the

seasonal migration of ITDjITCZ; (iii) Surface water balance in numerical models;

(c) Research projects relating to meteorology of semi-arid zones and the problems of tropical droughts (i) Radiation flux studies in the tropics; (ii) Data requirements for estimating the likelihood of droughts; (iii) Research and monitoring of the moisture budget over limited tropical

areas with particular reference to agricultural needs;

(d) Research projects relating to tropical disturbances (in particular the associated rainfall)

(i) Application of meteorological statistical information, particularly that relating to rainfall occurrence to regional economic needs;

(ii) Investigation of the hydrological cycle in particular regions.

ANNEX VIII

Annex to Resolution 24(Cg-VIII)

Draft Solar-Terrestrial Physics-Meteorology (STP-M) Research Project

A. Rationale

I. In view of the complex and controversial aspects of solar-atmospheric relationships, work has expanded in many countries to investigate the role of space factors in upper-atmospheric processes, to study the links of the upper and lower atmosphere, and to examine possible mechanisms of solar influence on weather and climate.

2. It is well known that, although the integrated solar radiation appears to remain constant within narrow limits, large fluctuations occur in the solar output of short­wave and corpuscular radiation. These fluctuations occur on all time scales, from solar flares which occur on minute or hour time-scales to the quasi-periodic variations associated with the 27-day solar rotation and the II-year sunspot cycle. In addition, the upper limit of the atmosphere is subjected to reversals depending on variations of the solar magnetic field. This variability of solar activity is the cause of major and directly measurable effects on the high atmosphere. Below 60 km the effects become small and sometimes more subtle.

3. Data relevant to STP-M are currently collected and exchanged through the World Data Centres A and B for STP and important data useful for STP-M studies result from observational efforts such as the International Magnetospheric Study (IMS) (1976-1979) and the Middle-Atmosphere Programme (MAP) (1979-1985), as well as from various _WMO activities aimed at extensive studies of atmospheric processes.

4. Many national institutions have shown interest in pursuing the scientific question of whether STP and high-atmosphere conditions and phenomena have a detectable influence on weather and climate. Clearly these studies can contribute to the main WMO interest, which is to establish scientifically whether there is any sound physical and statistical evidence that meteorological variables respond to fluctuations in solar parameters. Consequently, it is· necessary for WMO to play its part by assisting SCOSTEP in organizing a co-ordinated STP-M research project. On its part, SCOSTEP has for many years been the lead agency within ICSU for STP studies, including STP-M, in collaboration with the WMO Commission for Atmospheric Sciences. The latter collaboration should continue within the framework of SCOSTEP's total effort in the STP field, drawing on the specialized STP data deposited and archived in the ICSU WDC system.

ANNEX VIII 201

B. Objectives

5. The main function of the proposed STP-M research project is to promote the co-ordination of national efforts in the field of STP-M studies, in particular to encourage appropriate national institutions to contribute to the research efforts in this field through their participation in the project and to enable them to derive maximum benefits from: (a) The investigation of possible physical mechanisms by which STP-M

phenomena can influence weather and climate;

(b) The study of the fluctuations in solar parameters and the resulting atmospheric responses.

C. Strategy

6. For successful implementation of the proposed STP-M research project, it is recommended that appropriate national institutions should be encouraged to support, inter alia, identification and study of specific key topics requiring further investigation, a more systematic exchange of information and data on STP-M through close collaboration between solar-terrestrial physicists and meteorologists, preparation and publication of technical reports on scientific advances, and the organizing and sponsoring of expert meetings and conferences for periodic reviews of the level of relevant knowledge.

D. The role of WMO in collaboration with SCOSTEP

7. In order to achieve the aforementioned objectives, WMO, in close collab-oration with SCOSTEP, should take initiatives, where appropriate: -(a) To stimulate Members' efforts in particular areas of STP-M research which are

important for the effort; (b) To request SCOSTEP to ensure that data sets of basic STP parameters of use in

STP-M research are regularly provided to interested Meteorological Services and other users;

(c) To urge Members concerned to give continued support to existing STP monitoring stations.

E. Programme of work - An outline of the scientific study programme of STP-M phenomena

8. Solar activity manifests itself not only in disturbances in the sun's electro­magnetic and corpuscular output but also in subsequent changes in the inter­planetary medium, the magnetosphere and the ionosphere. There are in addition consequent effects in the thermosphere, mesosphere and stratosphere. In order to

202 ANNEX VIII

discuss possible effects in the lowest neutral atmosphere. one should distinguish STP-M phenomena as those which have their origins in variations of the sun itself, or in the variable structures in interplanetary space, or in processes in the magneto­sphere.

9. A scientific study programme of STP-M phenomena should include the following topics. Since some of these studies will be undertaken as part of already existing or planned programmes and projects such as MAP, IMS, SMY, the WMO Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, etc., collaboration of all appropriate bodies, e.g. SCOSTEP, WMO, COSPAR, IUGG, IAU and USRI, is essential to avoid duplication.

(a) Statistical and morphological studies oJSTP-M (i) Troposphere

The variations of tropospheric parameters on al1 temporal and spatial scales in STP-M phenomena, and their manifestations in weather anomalies, etc.;

(ii) Stratosphere/mesosphere STP effects on the strata-mesosphere circulation, upon the coupling between different levels of upper atmosphere, on stratospheric warmings, their relation to quasi-biennial oscillations, etc.

(b) Necessary measurement parameters Solar irradiance, solar and galactic cosmic rays, magnetosphere/iono­sphere/atmosphere measurements of electric fields, stratospheric/mesospheric measurements of composition, structure, motions, etc.

(c) Research in solar-terrestrial physics Effects of variability of various solar spectral bands on the various levels of the atmosphere, etc.

(d) Research on possible components oj physical mechanisms Minor constituent changes, dynamical coupling between various levels of the atmosphere, etc.

(e) Implications of STP-M reiationsIor weather-related studies Consideration of proven STP-M effects in long-range weather- forecasting and in climate models.

(f) Exchange oj dataJor investigation oj STP-M mechanisms Identification of the relevant data sets and data-exchange mechanisms (especially for key data).

(g) Bibliography oJresearch achievements in STP-M

Preparation of a bibliography, possibly annually, and its publication together with a brief summary of national research programmes.

ANNEX VIII 203

F. Implementation of the project

10. Most activities will be nationally sponsored. WMO and SCOSTEP, in close collaboration, wiI1 take the lead in co-ordinating the activities relevant to STP-M research of all bodies concerned (see paragraph 9), and will set up, if necessary, an expert body for planning and co-ordination purposes, with appropriate represen­tation.

11. The WMO Executive Committee should be informed periodically of the devel­opment of the project and the Secretary-General should arrange for information on the implementation of the project to be made available to interested Members, world and regional data centres for STP, and SCOSTEP.

ANNEX IX

Annex to Resolution 30(Cg-VIII)

The Hydrological Operational Multipurpose Sub-programme (HOMS)

PART A

Concept of HOMS

HOMS is a sub-programme implemented within the OHP, and consists of the organized transfer of hydrological technology operationally used in network design, observations, collection, processing and storage of data and hydrological modelling, and includes instrument catalogues, software packages, and general guidance and detailed manuals on the use of this technology under different conditIons. HOMS is aimed not only at users who seek a high level of sophisticated technology. but also at users in need of simple technology appropriate to their conditions. It applies the systems approach in integrating components already available to WMO with others to be contributed by Members.

* * *

PART B

Outline of activities in the Hydrological Operational Multipurpose Sub-programme

Content of HOMS

1. The components of HOMS will be developed in response to needs identified by Members and will be derived from equivalent components available to the national Services and provided by Members for use in the sub-programme. The components will be used by Members, in particular by their national Hydrological and Meteorological Services. WMO will be principally concerned with the planning and co-ordination' of the sub-programme. The WMO Secretariat itself will not use the components for operations and therefore will handle no operational data. However, WMO will endeavour to ensure that Members have ready access to the data collection and processing techniques and procedures that will make up the components and which will be assembled on the basis of a systems approach. At the national level, HOMS will be drawn upon as a source of practical hydrological technology presented in a form designed to meet local needs. The use of the various components at the national level will involve the training of national personnel,

ANNEX IX 205

particularly in developing countries. All training activities, however, will be handled through the channels and procedures already well established within WMO for this purpose.

Technical aspects

2. Users will be able to identify and apply those components necessary for their particular needs. Of prime importance to the efficient development of the project, therefore, will be the preparation and continual updating of a HOMS Reference Manual. The HaMS Reference Manual will offer information concerning the whole project, its operation and related organizational matters, and will include brief descriptions of all the components available. It will thereby guide users in the selection and use of appropriate components for their particular needs. The systems approach will result in a modular structure of HOMS, consisting of a series of mutually compatible components. Where appropriate, a number of alternative components will be made available, each at a different level of technological complexity aiId designed for application under different conditions. Software components will be available for use in routine data processing, but components based on the use of desk calculators, as well as manual computational procedures, will also be available in HOMS.

3. Components relating to instrumentation and equipment will describe the types of equipment which serve the required purpose and will offer specifications, referring particularly to the equipment's input~output and its compatibility with other elements. No explicit mention will be made of the names of manufacturers. These components will be presented in printed form, possibly as loose-leaf publi­cations. Some components will consist of computer programs accompanied by user-manuals. The software will be made available as listings and on cards and tapes. A number of components will offer general guidance, for example, on planning data collection programmes, or will describe in some detail computational procedures to be carried out manually. These will be presented as a series of technical and general guidance manuals, several of them being current WMO manuals appropriately amended according to the needs of the project.

4. The components of HOMS which will have priority in their development will be those concerning data collection and processing from networks of observational stations and their use for purposes of hydrological forecasting, in particular for the operation of reservoirs, and planning of water resource development on the national level and design of water~resource projects.

Organizational aspects

5. HOMS will be implemented as a "co-operative effort of Members with the direct co~operation of national Services and institutions of WMO Members". The organization of activities involved in this co-operation will take place at both the national and the international level. At the national level, the following activities will need to be undertaken for the purpose of the project:

206 ANNEX IX

Establishment of an inventory of components which are currently available and operationally used in the country and which are considered. appropriate to be proposed for inclusion in the HOMS project; Collection of these components, their adaptation as necessary, and trans­mission of their description to WMO for inclusion in the HOMS Reference Manual; At the request of other countries or of WMO, transmission of these components, either bilaterally or through WMO, for use and application in other countries; Receipt and storage of components requested and received from other countries, either directly or through WMO; Calling the attention of potential users in the country to the availability of HOMS components; Assistance in the use and application of the HOMS components, as appropriate.

6. It is assumed that the above activities can be performed at the national level by the service or institution in charge of operational hydrology (presumably the national Hydrometeorological or. Hydrological Service). Depending on the internal structure and organization of hydrological and water-resource management activities in different countries, and in particular where these activities are carried out by several national institutions, it may be necessary to establish or designate an identifiable focal point within the Member countries to carry out the functions described above at the national level. Such focal points will be called HaMS National Reference Centres (HNRCs). It should be emphasized, however, that the decision on the establishment, arrangements and specific internal functions of such a centre rests entirely within the competence of each Member, and the permanent representative of this Member with WMO may, in due course, wish to inform the Secretary-General ofthe decision taken in this regard.

7. The co-ordinating functions to be carried out at the international level by WMO in the development and implementation of the HaMS project will consist, in particular, in:

Ascertaining the needs of Members in the overall orientation of the project; Elaborating and distributing to Members general and specific guidance on the substance and form of HOMS components to be prepared at the national level; Preparing, maintaining and updating the HaMS Reference Manual and periodically distributing it to Members; Assisting in the technology transfer among Members, within the framework of the project.

8. As a project within the OHP, technical guidance and review of the whole project will be the responsibility of the Commission for Hydrology. Its Advisory Working Group, meeting as the Steering Committee for HaMS, will advise on the implementation of the Commission's resolutions and recommendations. The

ANNEX IX 207

Commission and the steering committee will call upon the support of the various rapporteurs and working groups of CHy, who will prepare more detailed guidance on the specific HOMS components related to their specific terms of reference. The regional association Rapporteurs and Working Groups on Hydrology will co­operate in the development of the HOMS project with respect to its application to the particular needs of their Regions. In accordance with the above proposals, the components of HOMS will be derived directly from material offered by Members in response to needs identified by them or other Members. The preparation of a detailed technology for its transfer will be carried out by the Member which has developed this technology in co-operation with WMO, as necessary. The transfer of technology wiJI be of a bilateral character, with WMO's assistance as necessary and appropriate. The Secretary-General, in co-operation with the president of CHy, will submit annual reports to the WMO Executive Committee on the status of the sub­programme and proposals for the detailed implementation of the co-ordinating functions of WMO.

implementation

9. HOMS is intended to be dynamic, evolving in response to the needs and in accordance with the accumulated experience of Member countries. In order to establish a solid foundation and gain experience for possible long-term devel­opment and use, the sub-programme will be implemented in two phases. The first phase will be undertaken during the eighth financial period. 1980-1983, and will concentrate on the development of the basic technical structure of the sub­programme according to the needs expressed by Members and the transfer and pilot application of components. In the light of experience gained during the first phase, the second phase will be planned to entail the operational applications in all interested Member countries.

ANNEX X

Annex to Resolution 40(Cg-VIII)

Programme and languages of WMO publications for the eighth finanCial period

Publica/ions

1. Basic documents

(a) Basic documents

(b) Technical Regulations } (c) Agreements and Working Arrangements (d) Manuals

2. Official records

(a) Abridged report of Congress with resolutions

(b) Proceedings of Congress (c) Abridged reports of the Executive

Committee with resolutions (d) Resolutions of Congress and of the

Executive Committee

3. Technical publications

(a) Publication No.2 (b) Publication No.5 (c) WMO Guides

(d) Training publications

Languages

English, French, Russian, Spanish (the Convention and the General Regulations also in Chinese)

English, Spanish

French, Russian,

English, French, Russian, Spanish

Bilingual: English-French Bilingual: English-French English, French, Russian, Spanish Original language (if it is an official one) plus other offi­cial languages at the discre­tion of the Executive Com­mittee, taking into consider­ation requests from Mem­bers

Publica/ions

(e) Publication No.9 (i) Volume A (ii) Volume B (iii) Volume C (iv) Volume 0

ANNEX X

Basic synoptic networks of observing stations

(f) International list of selected, supplementary and auxiliary ships

(g) Technical Notes

(h) Other technical publications (manuals, nomenclatures, meteorological tables, catalogues, WWW Planning Reports, hydrological publications, Marine Science Affairs Reports, Environmental Reports, GARP publications, etc.)

(i) Proceedings of symposia and seminars

4. Reports

(a) Annual reports ofthe WMO

(b) Reports of sessions of regional associations

(c) Reports of sessions of technical commissions

5. WMO Bulletin

* Explanatory text in four official languages

209

Bilingual: English-French * English * Bilingual: English-French * Bilingual: English-French * Bilingual: English-French

Bilingual: English-French

In one or more of the offi­cial languages, and with summaries in four lan­guages, as decided by the Executive Committee The most important of these publications should nor­mally be issued in English, French, Russian and Span­ish, but the decision on the selection is left to the discre­tion of the Executive Com­mittee, taking into consider­ation requests from Mem­bers Each contribution in its original language if it is an official one

English, French, Russian, Spanish Should be issued in the same languages as the documenta­tion prepared for the session English, French, Russian, Spanish

English, French, Russian, Spanish

ANNEX XI

Annex to Resolution 42(Cg-VIII)

Maximum expenditures for the eighth financial period (in thousands of US dollars)

REVENUE EXPENDITURES 1

Contributions 2 . 744()0 I. Policy-making organs . 2308

TOTAL 74400

2. Executive management

3. Scientific and technical pro­grammes:

3699

3.1 World Weather Watch . 10603

3.2 Meteorological Applications and Environment . . . . . . 5 828

3.3 Research and DevelopmentJ ,4 6537

3.4 World Climate3 •.•• .•. 3 658

3.5 Hydrology and Water Resources 3393

4. Supporting programmes:

4.1 Technical Co-operation

4.2 Regional '"

4.3 Education and Training

5. Programme supporting activities

6. Administration and Common Services ....

839

3 809

4106

15647

12027

7. Other budgetary provisions I 946

74400

J These amounts are based on salaries. exchange rates and cost-or-living indices prevailing on I April 1979. 2 Less miscelJaneous income as per Financial Regulalions. 3 In addition, ICSU is expected to contribute US $800000 to the joint fund. See also paragraph 9.13 of the

general summary. 4 In respect of the Weather Modification Programme, for which US $1.8 million were allocated, it was

decided that US $600000 should be made available immediately and that the balance should be released in stages by the Executive Committee as the programme develops.

ANNEX XII

Annex to Resolution 43 (Cg-VIII)

Financial Regulations of the World Meteorological Organization

ARTICLE I

Applicability

1.1 These Regulations shall govern the financial administration of the World Meteorological Organization (hereinafter called the Organization). They may be amended only by Congress. In the event of any conflict between any provisions ,of these Regulations and any provisions of the Convention, the Convention shall prevail.

ARTICLE 2

The financial period

2.1 The financial period sha1l be four years beginning on 1 January of the calendar year immediately following a session of Congress and ending on 31 December of the fourth year.

2.2 Nevertheless, in the event that a session of Congress is completed before the beginning of the last full year of a financial period, a new financial period shall begin on I January following that session of Congress.

ARTICLE 3

Maximum expenditures for the financial period

3.1 Estimates of maximum expenditures which may be incurred by the Organization in the financial period shall be prepared by the Secretary~ Genera1.

3.2 The estimates shaH cover the income and expenditures for the financial period to which they relate and shall be presented in United States dollars.

3.3 The estimates shall be divided into parts, sections, chapters and articles and shall be accompanied by such informational annexes and explanatory

212 ANNEX XII

statements as may be requested by, or on behalf of, Congress, and such further annexes or statements as the Secretary-General may deem necessary and useful.

3.4 The estimates shall be submitted to the Executive Committee at least five weeks prior to the meeting at which they will be considered. The Executive Committee shall examine them and prepare a report on them to Congress.

3.5 The estimates prepared by the Secretary-General shall be transmitted to all Members at least six months prior to the opening of Congress. The report of the Executive Committee on the estimates shall be transmitted with the estimates or as soon as possible thereafter, but not later than three months before the beginning of the session of Congress.

3.6 The maximum expenditures for the following financial period shall be voted by Congress after consideration of the estimates and of any supple~ mentary estimates prepared by the Secretary-General and of the reports of the Executive Committee on them.

3.7 Supplementary estimates for the financial period may be submitted to the Executive Committee by the Secretary~General during the interval between the submission of the estimates to the Executive Committee and the opening of Congress.

3.8 The Secretary~General shall prepare each supplementary estimate in a form consistent with the applicable portion of the estimates for the financial period.

3.9 When time permits. the Executive Committee shall examine the supple-mentary estimates and prepare a report thereon to Congress; otherwise they shall be left for consideration by Congress.

ARTICLE 4

Authorization of appropriations for the financial period

4.1 The maximum expenditures voted by Congress shall constitute an authorization to the Executive Committee to approve appropriations for each financial year of the financial period. The total appropriations shall not exceed the amount voted by Congress.

4.2 Transfers between appropriation parts may be authorized by the Executive Committee, subject to the total amount of such transfers not exceeding 3 (three) per cent of the total maximum expenditure authorized for the financial period.

ANNEX XII 213

ARTICLE 5

The financial year

5.1 The financial year shall be the period I January to 31 December.

ARTICLE 6

The annual budget

6.1 The annual budget estimates shall be prepared by the Secretary-General.

6.2 The estimates shall cover income and expenditure for the financial year to which they relate and shall be presented in United States dollars.

6.3 The annual budget estimates shall be divided into parts, sections, chapters and articles and shall be accompanied by such informational annexes and explanatory statements as may be requested by, or on behalf of, the Executive Committee, and such further annexes or statements as the Secretary-General may deem necessary and useful.

6.4 The Secretary-General shall submit to the regular meeting of the Executive Committee estimates for the following financial year. The estimates shall be transmitted to all members of the Executive Committee at least five weeks prior to the opening of the regular session of the Executive Committee.

6.5 The budget for the following financial year shall be approved by the Executive Committee.

6.6 Supplementary estimates may be submitted by the Secretary-General whenever necessary.

6.7 The Secretary-General shall prepare these supplementary estimates in the same form as that of the applicable portions of the estimates for the financial year and shall submit such estimates to the Executive Committee for approval.

ARTICLE 7

Appropriations

7.1 The appropriations approved by the Executive Committee shall constitute an authorization to the Secretary-General to incur obligations and make payments for the purposes for which the appropriations were approved and up to the amounts so approved.

214 ANNEX XII

7.2 Appropriations shall be available for the obligation during the financial year to which they relate.

7.3 Appropriations shall remain available for twelve months following the end of the financial year to which they relate to the extent that they are required to discharge obligations in respect of goods supplied and services rendered in that financial year and to liquidate any other outstanding legal obligation of that year. The balance of the appropriations shall be sur­rendered.

7.4 At the end of the twelve-month period provided in Regulation 7.3 above, the then remaining balance of any appropriations retained shall be surrendered. If the financial year is the last year of a financial period, any obligation of the financial period which remains a valid charge shall then be transferred as an obligation against current appropriations.

7.5 Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 7.3 and 7.4 in the case of outstanding legal obligations in respect of fellowships, the portion of the appropriation required shall remain available until the fellowships are completed or otherwise terminated. At the time of the termination of the fellowship, any remaining balance shall be retained in the General Fund for the sole purpose of financing further long-term fellowships.

7.6 Amounts surrendered in accordance with Regulations 7.3 and 7.4 shall be transferred to the credit of the General Fund and shall be retained for the purposes approved by Congress for the financial period, except that amounts so surrendered for the last financial year of the financial period shall be credited, on the basis of the scale of assessments for the completed financial period, to the Members of the Organization as follows:

(a) For Members who have paid in full their previous contributions, by deduction from the next assessment;

(b) For Members who have paid in full their contributions in respect of all previous fin~ncial periods, but who have not paid in full their contri­butions in respect of the period which relates to the surplus to be distributed, by reduction of their arrears, and thereafter by deduction from the next assessment;

(c) For Members who are in arrears for more than the financial period concerning the one which relates to the surplus to be distributed, their share of the surplus will be retained by the World Meteorological Organ­ization in a special account and will be paid when the provisions of Article 7.6 (a) or (b) are met.

7.7 A transfer between annual appropriation sections may be made by the Secretary-General subject to confirmation by the Executive Committee.

Assessments

ANNEX XII

ARTICLE 8

Provision of funds

215

8.1 Appropriations shall be financed by contributions from Members of the Organization according to the scale of assessments determined by Congress, such contributions to be adjusted in accordance with the provisions of Regulation 8.2. Pending the receipt of such contributions the appropriations may be financed from the Working Capital Fund.

8.2 For each financial year, the contributions of Member States shall be assessed on the basis of the appropriations approved by the Executive Committee, except that adjustments shall be made to the assessments in respect of: (a) Supplementary appropriations for which contributions have not pre­

viously been assessed on Member States;

(b) One quarter of the estimated miscellaneous income for the four-year financial period for which credit has not previously been taken into account, and any adjustments in estimated miscellaneous income previously taken into account~

(c) Contributions resulting from the assessment of new Members of the Organization under the provision of Financial Regulation 8.9 ~

(d) Any balance of the appropriations surrendered under Financial Regulations 7.3 and 7.4.

8.3 After the Executive Committee has approved the annual budget and determined the amount needed for the Working Capital Fund, the Secretary­General shall: (a) Transmit the relevant documents to the Members of the Organi­

zation; (b) Inform the Members of their commitments in respect of annual contri­

butions and advances to the Working Capital Fund; (c) Request them to remit their contributions and advances.

8.4 Contributions and advances shall be considered as due and payable in full within thirty days of the receipt of the communication of the Secretary­General referred to in Regulation 8.3 above, or as of the first day of the financial year to which they relate, whichever is the later. As of I January of the following financial year, the unpaid balance of such contributions and advances shall be considered to be one year in arrears.

8.5 Annual contributions and advances to the Working Capital Fund of the Organization shall be assessed in United States dollars and paid in the currency of the State in which the Organization has its headquarters.

216 ANNEX XII

8.6 Notwithstanding the provisions of Regulation 8.5, the Executive Committee is empowered to fix a percentage each year, up to which Members who so desire may make payment in other specified currencies. In deciding this percentage, and specifying the currencies, the Executive Committee shan be guided by the estimate of the Secretary-General of the probable needs of the Organization for these other currencies. The exchange rate applicable to these payments in establishing their equivalent in the currency of the State in which the Organization has its headquarters shall be the official United Nations rate of exchange in force on the date of credit to the WMO bank account.

8.7 Payments made by a Member of the Organization shall be credited first to the Working Capital Fund, then applied in chronological order to the reduction of the contributions which are due in accordance with the scale of assessments.

8.8 The Secretary-General shall submit to the regular meeting of the Executive Committee a report on the collection of contributions and advances to the Working Capital Fund.

Contributions/rom new Member States

8.9 New Members of the Organization shall be required to make a contribution for the unexpired portion of the financial year in which they become Members and to provide their proportion of the total advances to the Working Capital Fund at rates to be determined provisionally by the Executive Committee, subject to subsequent approval by Congress.

Contributions/rom Member States withdraWing/rom the Organization

8.10 A Member withdrawing from the Organization shall make its con-tribution for the period from the begi~ning of the financial year in which it withdraws up to and including the date of its withdrawal and shall be entitled only to the amount standing to its credit in the Working Capital Fund, less any sum due from that Member of the Organization.

ARTICLE 9

Funds

9.1 There shall be established a General Fund for the purpose of accounting for the expenditures of the Organization. The contributions paid by the Members of the Organization under Regulation 8.1, miscellaneous income, and any advances made from the Working Capital Fund to finance general expenditures shall be credited to the General Fund.

Working Capital Fund

9.2 There shall be established a Working Capital Fund to an amount fixed by Congress and for purposes to be determined from time to time by the

ANNEX XII 217

Executive Committee. The moneys of the Working Capital Fund shall be advanced by the Members of the Organization. These advances shall be calculated by the Executive Committee in accordance with the scale of assessments for the apportionment of the expenses of the Organization, and shall be carried to the credit of those Members which have made such advances.

9.3 Advances made from the Working Capital Fund to finance appropri~ ations during a financial year shall be reimbursed to the Fund as soon as and to the extent that income is available for that purpose.

9.4 Except when such advances are recoverable from some other source, advances made from the Working Capital Fund for unforeseen and extraordinary expenses or other authorized purposes shall be reimbursed through the submission of supplementary estimates.

9.5 Income derived from investments of the Working Capital Fund shall be credited to miscellaneous income.

9.6 Trust funds, reserve and special accounts may be established by the Secretary~General and shall be reported to the Executive Committee.

9.7 The purpose and limits of each trust fund, reserve and special account shall be clearly defined by the Executive Committee. Unless otherwise provided by the Congress, such funds and accounts shall be administered in accordance with the present Financial Regulations.

9.8 Income derived from investments of trust funds, reserve and special accounts shall be credited as provided in the provisions applicable to such funds or accounts. In the absence of-any such provision, Financial Regulation 10.1 shall apply.

ARTICLE 10

Other income

10.1 All other income, except:

(a) Contributions to the budget; (b) Direct refunds of expenditures made during the financial year; (c) Advances or deposits to funds and accounts; shaU be classed as miscellaneous income, for credit to the General Fund, unless otherwise specified in accordance with Financial Regulation 9.8.

Voluntary contributions. gifts or donations

10.2 Voluntary contributions, whether or not in cash, may be accepted by the Secretary~General, provided that the purposes for which the contributions are made are consistent with the policies, aims and activities of the Organization

218 ANNEX XII

and provided that the acceptance of such contributions which directly or indirectly involve additional financial liability for the Organization shan require the consent of Congress or, in case of urgency, of the Executive Committee.

10.3 Moneys accepted for purposes specified by the donor shall be treated as trust funds or special accounts under Financial Regulations 9.6 and 9.7.

10.4 Moneys accepted in respect of which no purpose is specified shall be treated as miscellaneous income and shall be reported as "gifts" in the annual accounts.

ARTICLE 11

Custody of fuuds

II.! The Secretary-General shall designate the bank or banks in which the funds of the Organization shall be kept.

ARTICLE 12

Investment of fuuds

12.1 The Secretary-General may make short-term investments of moneys not needed fot immediate requirements and shall inform the Executive Committee periodically of the investments thus made.

12.2 The Secretary-General may make long-term investments of moneys standing to the credit of trust funds, reserve and special accounts, except as may be otherwise provided by the appropriate authority in respect of each such fund or account and having regard to the particular requirements as to the liquidity of funds in each case.

ARTICLE 13

Internal control

13.1 The Secretary-General shall: (a) Establish detailed financial procedures in order to ensure effective

financial administration and the exercise of economy; (b) Cause all payments to be made on the basis of supporting vouchers and

other documents which ensure that the services or goods have been received, and that payments have not previously been made;

ANNEX XII 219

(c) Designate the officers who may receive moneys, incur obligations and make payments on behalf of the Organization;

(d) Maintain an internal financial control which shall provide for an effective current examination and/or review of financial transactions in order to ensure: (i) The regularity of the receipt, custody and disposal of all funds and

other financial resources of the Organization; (ii) The confonnity of obligations and expenditures with the appropri­

ations or other financial provisions voted by Congress or approved by the Executive Committee, or with the purposes and rules relating to trust funds and special accounts;

(iii) The economic use of the resources of the Organization.

13.2 (a) In addition to payments authorized under clause (b) below, and notwith­standing Financial Regulation 13.1 (b) above, the Secretary-General may, when he deems it in the interest of the Organization so to do, authorize progress payments;

(b) Except where normal commercial practice in the interest of the Organi­zation so requires, no contract or purchase order shall be made on behalf of the Organization which requires a payment in advance of the delivery of goods or performance of contractual services.

13.3 No obligations shall be incurred until allotments or other appropriate authorizations have been made in writing under the authority of the Secretary-General.

Ex gratia payments

13.4 The Secretary-General may with the approval of the President make such ex gratia payments as he deems to be necessary in the interest of the Organi­zation, provided that a statement of such payments shall be submitted to the Executive Committee with the annual accounts.

Writing off of losses or deficiencies

13.5 The Secretary-General may, after full investigation, authorize the writing off of losses of cash, stores and other assets, provided that a statement of all such amounts written off shall be submitted to the External Auditor with the annual accounts.

Contracts and purchases

13.6 Tenders for equipment, supplies, and other requirements shall be invited by advertisement, except where the Secretary-General deems that, in the interests of the Organization, a departure from the rule is desirable.

220 ANNEX XII

ARTICLE 14

The accounts

14.1 The Secretary-General shall submit accounts for each financial year. In addition he shall maintain, for management purposes, such accounting records as are necessary and shall submit annual accounts showing for the financial year to which they relate: (a) The income and expenditures of all funds; (b) The status of appropriations, including:

(i) The original budget appropriations; (ii) The appropriations as modified by any transfers; (iii) Credits, if any, other than the appropriations approved by the

Executive Committee; (iv) The amounts charged against those appropriations and/or other

credits; (c) The assets and liabilities of the Organization. He shall also give such information as may be appropriate to indicate the current financial position of the Organization.

14.2 The annual accounts of the Organization shall be presented in United States dollars. The accounting records shall, however, be kept in the currency of the State in which the Organization has its headquarters. Subsidiary records may be kept in other currencies as necessary. Accounting records may, however, be kept in such currency or currencies as the Secretary-General may deem necessary.

14.3 Appropriate separate accounts shall be maintained for all trust funds, reserve and special accounts.

14.4 The annual accounts shall be submitted by the Secretary-General to the External Auditor not later than 31 March following the end of the financial year.

14.5 Not later than thirteen months after the ending of a financial period, the Secretary-General shall submit to the External Auditor an account of the total expenditures made in respect of that financial period.

Appointment

ARnCLE 15

External audit

15.1 An External Auditor, who shall be the Auditor-General (or officer holding the equivalent title) of a Member State, shall be appointed in the manner and for the period decided by the Executive Committee.

ANNEX XII 221

Tenure of office

15.2 If the External Auditor ceases to hold that office in his own country, his tenure of office as External Auditor shall thereupon be terminated and he shall be succeeded as External Auditor by his successor as Auditor-General. The External Auditor may not otherwise be removed during his tenure of office except by the Executive Committee.

Scope of audit

15.3 The audit shall be conducted in conformity with generally accepted common auditing standards and, subject to any special directions of the Executive Committee, in accordance with the additional terms of reference set out in the annex to these regulations.

15.4 The External Auditor may make observations with respect to the efficiency of the financial procedures, the accounting system, the internal financial controls and, in general, the administration and management of the Organization.

15.5 The External Auditor shall be completely independent and solely responsible for the conduct of the audit.

15.6 The Executive Committee may request the External Auditor to perform certain specific examinations and issue separate reports on the results.

Facilities 15.7 The Secretary-General shall provide the External Auditor with the

facilities he may require in the performance of the audit.

15.8 For the purpose of making a local or special examination or of effecting economies of audit cost, the External Auditor may engage the services of any national Auditor-General (or equivalent title) or commercial public auditors of known repute or any other person or firm who, in the opinion of the External Auditor, is technically qualified.

Reporting

15.9 The External Auditor shall issue reports on the audit of the financial statements and relevant schedules reflecting the position of the final accounts for each financial year and for the financial period, which shall include such information as he deems necessary in regard to matters referred to in Financial Regulation 15.4 and in the Additional Terms of Reference.

15.10 The External Auditor's reports shall be transmitted, together with the relevant audited financial statements, to the Executive Committee, which shall examine them in accordance with any directions given by Congress.

15.11 The financial statement for the financial year and the accounts for the financial period, together with the External Auditor's certificates, shall be transmitted to the Members of the Organization by the Secretary-General.

222 ANNEX XU

ARTICLE 16

Decisions involving expenditures

16.1 No Regional Association, Technical Commission or other competent body shall take a decision involving either an administrative change in a programme approved by Congress or the Executive Committee, or the possible requirement of expenditure, unless it has received and taken account of a report from the Secretary-General on the administrative and financial implications of the proposal. Where, in the opinion of the Secretary-General, the proposed expenditure cannot be made from the existing appropriations, it shall not be incurred until the Executive Committee has made the necessary appropriations, unless the Secretary-General certifies that provision can be made under the conditions of the resolution of the Executive Committee relating to unforeseen expenditure.

ARTICLE 17

General provisions

17.1 In case of urgency and with the approval of the President of the Organi-zation. the Secretary-General shall refer to Members, for decision by corre­spondence, financial matters which are beyond the competence of the Executive Committee.

17.2 The applications of any of the present Regulations may be suspended for a period which shall not extend beyond the next session of Congress if the Executive Committee has decided that the matter under consideration is of such a character that a decision should be taken before the next Congress. In such circumstances. the proposal of the Executive Committee for such a suspension shall be communicated by the Secretary-General to all Members for consultation and subsequently for a postal ballot according to the procedures for voting by correspondence in the General Regulations.

17.3 In the application of Article 17.1 the proposal shan be adopted, and in the application of Article 17.2 the suspension of regulations shall be put into force, if two-thirds of the votes cast for and against which have reached the Secretariat within ninety days of the date of dispatch of the request to vote to Members are in the affirmative. The decisions shall be communicated to all Members.

17.4 In case of doubt as to the interpretation or application of any of these Financial Regulations, the Secretary-General is authorized to rule thereon. subject to confirmation by the President in important cases.

ANNEX XII 223

17.5 The present Financial Regulations do not apply to the field projects of the technical co~operation activities of the Organization financed by the United Nations Development Programme; the Secretary~General is authorized to administer those activities under Financial Regulations and Rules established by the governing body and the Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme.

* * *

ANNEX XII

ADDmONAL TERMS OF REFERENCE GOVERNING EXTERNAL AUDIT

(I) The External Auditor shall perform such audit of the accounts of the Organization, including all trust funds and special accounts, as he deems necessary in order to satisfy himself:

(a) That the financial statements are in accord with the books and records of the Organization;

(b) That the financial transactions reflected in the statements have been in accordance with the rules and regulations, the budgetary provisions and other applicable directives;

(c) That the securities and moneys on deposit and on hand have been verified by certificate received direct from the Organization's depositaries or by actual count;

(d) That the internal controls are adequate in the light of the extent of reliance placed thereon;

(e) That procedures satisfactory to the External Auditor have been applied to the recording of all assets,liabilities, surpluses and deficits.

(2) The External Auditor shall be the sole judge as to the acceptance in whole or in part of certifications and representations by the Secretary-General and may proceed to such detailed examination and verification as he chooses of all financial records, including those relating to supplies and equipment.

(3) The External Auditor and his staff have free access at all convenient times to all books, records and other documentation which are, in the opinion of the External Auditor, necessary for the performance of the audit. Information classified as privileged and which the Secretary-General (or his designated senior official) agrees is required by the External Auditor for the purposes of the audit and infor­mation classified as confidential shall be made available on application. The External Auditor and his staff shall respect the pnvileged and confidential nature of any information so classified which has been made available and shall not make use of it except in direct connexion with the performance of the audit. The External Auditor may draw the attention of the Executive Committee to any denial of infor­mation classified as privileged which in his opinion was required for the purpose of the audit.

(4) The External Auditor shall have no power to disallow items in the accounts but shall draw to the attention of the Secretary-General for appropriate action any transaction concerning which he entertains doubt as to legality or propriety. Audit objections to these or any other transactions arising during the examination of the accounts shall be immediately communicated to the Secretary­General.

ANNEX XII 225

(5) The External Auditor shall certify the financial statements in the following terms:

"I -have examined the financial statements of the Organization for the yearj financial period ended 31 December ... I have obtained all the information and explanations that I have required, and I certify. as a result of the audit, that, in my opinion, the financial statements are correct",

adding, should it be necessary: "subject to the observations in my report".

(6) The report of the External Auditor on the financial statement should mention:

(a) The type and scope of his examination;

(b) Matters affecting the completeness of accuracy of the accounts, including where appropriate:

(i) Information necessary to the correct interpretation of the accounts; (ii) Any amounts which ought to have been received but which have not

been brought to account ~ (iii) Any amounts for which a legal or contingent obligation exists and

which have not been recorded or reflected in the financial state­ments;

(iv) Expenditure not properly substantiated; (v) Whether proper books of accounts have been kept. Where in the

presentation of statements there are deviations of material nature from the generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis, these should be disclosed;

(c) Other matters which should be brought to the notice of the Executive Committee, such as:

(i) Cases of fraud or presumptive fraud; (ii) Wasteful or improper expenditure of the Organization's money or

other assets (notwithstanding that the accounting for the transaction may be correct);

(iii) Expenditure likely to commit the Organization to further outlay on a large scale;

(iv) Any defect in the general system or detailed regulations governing the control of receipts and disbursements or of supplies and equip­ment;

(v) Expenditure not in accordance with the intention of Congress and/or the Executive Committee after making alIowance for duly authorized transfers within the budget;

(vi) Expenditure in excess of appropriations as amended by duly authorized transfers within the budget;

(vii) Expenditure not in conformity with the authority which governs it;

(d) The accuracy or otherwise of the supplies and equipment records as determined by stock-taking and examination of the records.

226 ANNEX XII

In addition, the reports may contain reference to: (e) Transactions accounted for in a previous year concerning which further

information has been obtained or transactions in a later year concerning which it seems desirable that the Executive Committee should have early knowledge.

(7) The External Auditor may make such observations with respect to his findings resulting from the audit and such comments on the Secretary-General's financial report as he deems appropriate to the Executive Committee or to the Secretary-General.

(8) Whenever the External Auditor's scope of audit is restricted, or he is unable to obtain sufficient evidence, the External Auditor shall refer to the matter in his report, making clear the reasons for his comments and the effect on the financial position and the financial transactions as recorded.

(9) In no case shall the External Auditor include criticism in his report without first affording the Secretary-General an adequate opportunity of explanation on the matter under observation.

ANNEX XIII

Annex to Resolution 47(Cg-VIII)

Table of proportional contributions to the World Meteorol!)gical Organization

for the eighth financial period (1980-1983)

Afghanistan Albania .. Algeria .. . Angola .. . Argentina Australia .. Austria ... Bahamas .. Bangladesh Barbados. Belgium. Benin ... Bolivia .. Botswana Brazil. . . . .

Members

British Caribbean Territories . Bulgaria ........... . Burma ............ . Burundi ...... . . . . . . . Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic . Canada ..... ' .... . Cape Verde ...... . Central African Empire . Chad .. . Chile .. . China .. Colombia Comoros. Congo .. Costa Rica. Cuba ... . Cyprus .. . Czechoslovakia . . Democratic Kampuchea ..... . Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Democratic Yemen . Denmark ...... . Djibouti ...... . Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt. , ...... .

Number of units assessed

I 1 2 2

30 40 13 1 1 1

28 1 5 1

30 1 8 4 1

II 59

1 1 1 8

86 7 1 1 2 6 1

21 1 2 I

16 1 2 2

10

228

EI Salvador Ethiopia .. Finland .. France French Polynesia Gabon. , ... . Gambia .... .

Members

German Democratic Republic Germany, Federal Republic of Ghana .. . Greece .. . Guatemala. Guinea ... Guinea-Bissau. Guyana .. Haiti ... Honduras Hong Kong Hungary. Iceland .. India ... Indonesia Iran Iraq .. Ireland. Israel .. Italy .. Ivory Coast Jamaica Japan. Jordan Kenya Kuwait. Lao People's Democratic Republic. Lebanon. ....... . Liberia ......... . Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Luxembourg. Madagascar Malawi .. Malaysia. Maldives. Mali ... Malta. Mauritania. Mauritius-Mexico .. Mongolia Morocco. Mozambique. Nepal ... Netherlands .

ANNEX XIII

. ~-.

Number oj ullits assessed

I I

12 104

I I I

31 llO

3 6 2 I I I I I I

12 2

41 14 9 2 6 6

50 2 2

57 I I 3 I 2 I 2 2 I I 8 I I I I I

19 I 4 2 I

25

Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger .. Nigeria. Norway Oman. Pakistan Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay .. Peru .... Philippines. Poland. Portugal .. Qatar .... Republic of Korea. Romania ..... . Rwanda ..... . Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia. Senegal .... Seychelles .. Sierra Leone . Singapore .. Somalia ... South Africa * Southern Rhodesia Spain ... Sri Lanka Sudan .. Suriname. Sweden .. Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic . Thailand ...... . Togo ........ . Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia. Turkey ....... . Uganda ...... .

Members

Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

ANNEX XIII

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics . United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Cameroon United Republic of Tanzania . United States of America Upper Volta ......... .

229

Number of Ullils assessed

I I

12 I I 6

14 I 5 2 I I 7 9

29 6 2 4 9 I I 4 I I I 2 I

18 4

28 5 3 I

31 26 4 7 I 2 2

12 I

36 231 128

I I

548 I

* Suspended by Resolution 38(Cg-VIJ) from exercising its rights and enjoying its privileges as a Member of WMO.

230

Uruguay. Venezuela Viet Nam Yemen ... Yugoslavia. Zaire Zambia.

ANNEX XIII

Members Number of Illlits

assessed

7 12 2 I

12 4 2

Total. . . . . . . . 2229

ANNEX XIV

Annex to Resolution 49 CCg-VIII)

Secretary-Genera!'s contract

In application of Article 21, paragraph Ca) of the Convention of the World Meteorological Organization, prescribing that the Secretary-General shall be appointed by the Congress on such terms as the Congress may approve, and

Having regard to the resolution adopted by the Eighth Congress of the World Meteorological Organization approving the terms of appointment included in the present agreement,

II is hereby agreed as follows:

Between the World Meteorological Organization, hereinafter called the Organ­ization, represented by its President, on the one part, and Dr. A. C. Wiin-Nielsen, appointed Secretary-General by the Eighth World Meteorological Congress during its meeting of 8 May 1979, on the other part,

I. The Secretary-General's term of appointment shall take effect from I January 1980.

2. The Secretary-General, at the time of taking up his appointment, shall subscribe to the following oath or declaration:

"I solemnly swear (undertake, affirm, promise) to exercise in loyalty, discretion and conscience the functions entrusted to me as an international civil servant of the World Meteorological Organization, to discharge these functions and regulate my conduct with the interests of the Organization only in view, and not to seek or accept instructions in regard to the performance of my duties from any government or other authority external to the Organization."

This oath or declaration shall be made orally by the Secretary-General in the presence of the President and either a Vice-President or another member of the Executive Committee.

3. During the term of his appointment, the Secretary-General shall enjoy the privileges and immunities in keeping with his office which are granted him by appropriate agreements entered into by the Organization; he shall not engage in any activity that is incompatible with the proper discharge of his duties as Secretary-General of the Organization; he shall renounce any employment ot remunerated activities other than those of Secretary-General of the Otgtmizrition; except those activities authorized by the Executive Committee; he sChall-not accept

232 ANNEX XIV

any honour, decoration, favour, gift or remuneration from any source external to the Organization without first obtaining the approval of the Executive Committee.

4. The term of appointment of the Secretary-General shall end:

(a) By expiration of this agreement on 31 December 1983; or

(b) By this official's resignation submitted in writing to the President of the Organ­ization, in which case the Secretary-General shall cease his functions two months after the date of acceptance of his resignation by the Executive Committee; or

(c) By termination for serious failure to carry Qut his duties and obligations, and in particular those set out in paragraphs (2) and (3) of this agreement. In such case, the Secretary-General shall be heard as of right by the Executive Committee; if the Executive Committee decides to terminate the appointment, the decision shall take effect two months after the date of pronouncement and on conditions to be determined by the Executive Committee. After consul­tation with the Executive Committee, the President of the Organization may suspend the Secretary-General from the exercise of his functions pending investigation by the Executive Committee and until this Committee has taken a decision.

5. The Secretary-General shall receive from the Organization:

(a) An annual salary of 44 316 United States dollars net (after deduction for staff assessment), with the application of the appropriate post adjustment at a rate equivalent to that applied to executive heads of other comparable specialized agencies, salary and post adjustment to be paid in monthly instalments; and

(b) An annual representation allowance of II 400 United States dollars, to be paid in monthly instalments; and

(c) Other allowances including dependency benefits, education, installation and repatriation grants, payment of removal, travel and subsistence allowances appropriate and under the conditions applicable to Under-Secretaries of the United Nations.

All the above-mentioned sums will be paid in the currency of the country where the Secretariat is located, unless some other arrangement is agreed to by the Executive Committee and the Secretary-General.

The salary and emoluments received from the Organization will be free of tax.

6. The Secretary-General shall be allowed thirty working days' leave each year. In order that the Secretary-General may take his annual leave every two years in his home country, the Organization shall pay the expenses in connexion with the travel of the Secretary-General and his dependants, under the conditions applicable to Under-Secretaries of the United Nations.

ANNEX XIV 233

7. The Secretary-General shall participate in any social security scheme established by the Organization, the benefits he would receive being not less favourable than those which would accrue in similar circumstances to an official of the next highest rank of the staff covered by the scheme.

8. Any divergence of views concerning the application or interpretation of the present agreement which it shall not have been possible to settle by direct discussion between the parties can be submitted by one or the other of the parties to the judgement of the Administrative Tribunal, the competence of which is recognized by the Organization, and whose decisions will be final. For any appeals by the Secretary-General against the non-observation of the statutes of the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund, of which the Secretary-General shall be a participant in accordance with the regulations and rules of that Fund, the Administrative Tribunal whose jurisdiction has been accepted by the Organization for pension cases is recognized hereby as the competent arbitrator.

Done and signed in duplicate at .

President of the World Meteorological Organization

.. .... on the ..... 1979.

Secretary-General appointed by the Eighth

World Meteorological Congress

ANNEX XV

Annex to Resolution 51(Cg-VIIJ)

Amendments to General Regulations related to voting at sessions and elections during sessions

Amend the heading of Regulations 55 to 63 to read "Voting at sessions".

REGULATION 60 (amended text)

In al! votings by secret ballot, two tellers selected from among the delegates present shall be appointed to count the votes. The votes shall be counted in the presence of the constituent body immediately following the vote. The voting slips shall be destroyed after the announcement of the result by the presiding officer and its acceptance by the meeting.

REGULATION 80 (amended text)

In all elections, voting shall be by secret ballot. In voting, the provisions of Regulations 55, 60 and 61 shall apply. When there is only one candidate, he shal! be declared elected without a ballot.

REGULATION 85 (amended text)

In all elections other than those described in Regulation 84 (b) the candidate who obtains a simple majority as described in Regulation 62 (b) shall be declared elected. If, in the first ballot, no candidate obtains a simple majority, a second ballot, which shall be restricted to the two candidates who obtained the highest numbers of votes in the first ballot, shall be held. However, if any other candidate has obtained the same number of votes in the first ballot as the second candidate, he also shall be included in the list.

For the elections under Regulation 84 (a), this Regulation shall apply separately to each Region involved.

REGULATION 92 (amended text)

The provisions of Regulations 70, 71, 72, 80, 85 and 88 shall apply in case of elections between sessions.

ANNEX XVI

Annex to Resolution 52(Cg-VIII)

List of new or amended General Regulations

REGULATION 2 (amended text)

(a) These Regulations may be amended by Congress. (b) Decisions of Congress relating to matters covered by these Regulations

shall be incorporated therein. (c) (i) If, between sessions of Congress, a Member or a constituent body

(other than the Executive Committee) proposes an amendment to these Regulations, the Secretary-General shall submit such a proposal immediately to the members of the Executive Committee.

(ii) If the Executive Committee decides that the matter under consid­eration is of an urgent character, the proposal shall be communicated by the Secretary-General to all Members for a vote by correspondence as described in Regulations 64-76. In other cases the proposals shall be submitted by the Secretary-General to Congress.

(d) The procedure described in (c) (ii) above shall also apply in the case of amendments proposed by the Executive Committee.

(e) The Secretary-General may also propose amendments. Such proposals shall be submitted to the Executive Committee for its consideration.

(f) Any question or dispute concerning the interpretation or application of these Regulations which occurs between sessions of Congress _ within the other constituent bodies shall be submitted to the Executive Committee for decision. Such decisions shall be issued in the form of statements and shall be considered as directives which shall be reviewed by Congress at its next session.

(g) Any amendments proposed to these Regulations (other than those arising out of amendments to the Convention) submitted by Members or by constituent bodies should be communicated to all Members at least three months before they are submitted to Congress.

REGULATION 34 (amended text)

(a) An invitation to any person in accordance with Regulations 31, 32 or 33 to participate in the work of a working group shall require the prior concurrence of the Permanent Representative of the country in which the person lives.

(b) Whenever possible, the decision of the Permanent Representative shall be notified to the President of the constituent body before the close of the session at which the working group is established. In any case where this has not been done,

236 ANNEX XVI

the Secretary-General, at the close of the session, shall obtain promptly the decision of the Permanent Representative. When the working group is being established between sessions, the Secretary-General shall obtain promptly the necessary decision in respect of each nominee.

(c) The invitation to each nominee shall be issued by the Secretary-General as soon as the concurrence of the Permanent Representative concerned has been received.

(d) The working group shall be regarded as activated when acceptances have been received from a simple majority of the nominees (including the designated chairman, if any) and, if a chairman has not been designated by the constituent body in session, the President of the constituent body may then proceed, at his discretion, with the designation or election of a chairman of the working group.

REGUlATION 76

(Transfer the existing text of Regulation 76 to the section "Implementation of decisions" and renumber as Regulation 119 his.)

REGULATION 77 (amended text)

Except in votes by correspondence b-y the Executive Committee. the result of a vote by correspondence in the form of the numbers of "otes cast for and against and the number of abstentions shall be communicated to aU Members invited to participate in the vote.

A list showing the votes of individual Members shall be sent to any Member. on request. provided such a request is received within 180 days of the close of the ballot and unless two or more Members invited to participate in the vote have requested, before the voting terminates, that this information not be commu­nicated.

REGULATION 106 bis (new regulation)

An observer may participate in a debate on a subject of common interest to the Organization and the organization which he represents. No motion or amendment to a motion by an observer shall be considered unless it is endorsed by a delegation or a member:.

REGULATION 107 bis (new regulation)

Other international organizations with which the Organization has concluded agreements or working arrangements may submit documents to sessions of constituent bodies or working groups on agenda items of direct interest to them within the time fixed for the different bodies. In this case, such documents should be made available to the Secretary-General for circulation in accordance with the Regulations. Copies should be provided if possible in .sufficient number and in the working languages used by the body to which they are submitted.

ANNEX XVI 237

REGULATION, 108 his (new regulation)

The statements of delegations or members made at plenary meetings of constituent bodies may be recorded in extenso in the minutes of the meeting at the request of the delegation or the member concerned. The minutes of the particular meeting which contain the statement in extenso may be disseminated to all Members of the Organization, if expressly requested by the delegation or the member concerned. Statements in extenso shaH not be included in the report of the session, provided that no other decision is taken.

REGULATION 109 (amended text)

Minutes of a meeting which are approved by the constituent body in session shall be distributed as rapidly as possible to all persons participating in the meeting. If the minutes cannot be approved during the session, the presiding officer shall approve them after consultation with the participants. When sO approved, the minutes shall be distributed as rapidly as possible to all participants. In addition, the approved minutes shall be distributed to the Permanent Representatives of the Members concerned.

REGULATION 115 (amended text)

The English, French, Russian and Spanish languages shall be used in the Technical Commissions and their committees. Upon request the equipment necessary for the provision of interpretation facilities for the use of the Arabic and Chinese languages shall, however, also be provided. In addition, interpreters shall also be provided for the use of the Chinese language upon request.

When the membership of a working group of a Technical Commission has been completed, the President of the Commission shall notify the Secretary-General of the working languages that will be required for sessions, if any, of that working group.

REGULATION 117 (amended text)

The Convention, the regulations of the Organization, the resolutions and other publications shall be published in English, French, Russian and Spanish. The Convention and the General Regulations of the Organization shall also be published in Chinese.

REGULATION 119 bis

(Existing text of Regulation 76)

REGULATION 172 (amended text)

As required by the Association, the Secretariat shall carry out the adminis­trative work, including preparation of documents, and technical work to the extent

238 ANNEX XVI

compatible with its functions. Technical experts in the Secretariat shall be assigned by the Secretary-General to participate in a consultative capacity in the work of each Association and to carry out such technical studies as the Association may request.

REGULATION 186 (amended text)

As required by the Commission, the Secretariat shall carry out the adminis­trative work, including preparation of documents, and technical work to the extent compatible with its functions. Technical experts in the Secretariat shall be assigned by the Secretary-General to participate in a consultative capacity in the work of each Commission and to carry out such technical studies as the Commission may request.

ANNEX XVII

Annex to Resolution 53 (Cg-VIII)

Titles and terms of reference of technical commissions

Titles and terms of reference of the Commission for Basic Systems, Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation, Commission for Atmospheric Sciences, Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology, Commission for Agricultural Meteorology and Commission for Marine Meteorology remain unchanged, as given in Annex III to the General Regulations (annex to Regulation 173).

Commission for Climatology and Applications of Meteorology

The Commission shall be responsible for:

(a) Keeping abreast of and promoting scientific and practical meteorological developments. especially with regard to pertinent statistical aspects, in matters relating to climate and related user services, and advising other relevant constituent bodies of such developments;

(b) Studying and identifying the problems concerning climatology and the appli­cation of meteorology to meet the requirements of users other than those which are the concern of other Technical Commissions. consulting. as necessary. other relevant organizations (examples of such interests are given in paragraphs (f) and (g) below);

(c) Considering. in close co-operation with other Technical Commissions and in particular with CBS. questions relating to the requirements for climatological observations and networks of stations in connexion with climate-related activities including the format of records. collection, processing, quality control. storage, retrieval, and exchange of climatological data. as well as the standardizing of procedures _and fonnats for preparing climatological data for exchange and pUblication;

(d) Considering questions relating to the representativeness and general reliability of climatological observations and the homogeneity of climatological series for use in the applications of meteorology and the use of statistical methods for application purposes;

(e) Considering questions relating to the impact of climatic conditions and climatic variability on human activities and on socia-economic circum­stances;

(f) Considering the application of meteorology to human activities related to energy, land-use planning. human settlements. engineering and building,

240 ANNEX XVII

human biometeoroiogy, tourism, as well as industries which are not the respon­sibility of other constituent bodies, and including the preparation of guidance material and the development of appropriate methodology on calculation of climatological data for their use in these fields of application;

(g) Considering the application of meteorology to special problems of the envi­ronment such as ecology, human well-being, health and disease, atmospheric pollution (including both short-term and long-term aspects), and man-made effects on local and regional scales of climate;

(h) Specifying the requirements for instruments, observations, monitoring systems and station networks, data and forecasts that are necessary to meet the needs of the users and bringing them to the attention of other relevant Technical Commissions;

(0 Establishing methods for the presentation to the users of meteorological infor­mation, including the use of diagrams, maps and atlases, and promoting the publication of such meteorological information;

U) Preparing and keeping up to date the relevant parts of the Technical Regulations, as well as related guides. guidance material and manuals;

(k) Considering questions relating to the specialized training of meteorological personnel in the field of responsibility of the Commission, including the preparation of training guides.

Commission for Hydrology

Amend paragraph (aJ oJthe tenns oJreJerence to read:

(a) Keeping abreast of and promoting developments in operational hydrology, in hydrology related to meteorology and in the application of meteorology to water resources, in both scientific and practical fields, and bringing these to the attention of other relevant constituent bodies. .

ANNEX XVIII

Annex to Resolution S4(Cg-VIII)

Amendments to General Regulations 112, 113, 115 and 116

Languages

REGULATION 112

The _ official and working languages of the Organization shall be Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and»Spanish.

REGULATION 113

The six official and working languages of the Organization shall be used for interpretation at the Congress and in the Executive Committee and in their committees and working groups. .

All documentation of the above-mentioned bodies shall, however, be distributed in English, French, Russian and Spanish.

REGULATION liS

The English, French, Russian and Spanish languages shall be used in the Technical Commissions and their committees. Upon request the equipment necessary for the provision of interpretation facilities for the use of the Arabic and Chinese languages shall, however, also be provided.

When the membership of a working group of a Technical Commission has been completed, the President of the Commission shall notify the Secretary-General of the working languages that will be required for sessions, if any, of that working group.

REGULATION 116

At sessions of Regional Associations and their committees and working groups and at sessions of working groups of Technical Commissions, the languages designated in accordance with Regulations 114 and 115 shall be used for interpre­tation.

All documentation for the above-mentioned bodies shall be issued in the languages determined for the session in accordance with Regulations 114 and 115 except that documentation in the Arabic and Chinese languages shall not be prepared.

Doc. No.

Tille

Provisional agenda Corr. 1 (English only)

List of documeuts

I. "DOC" series

Agellda item

1.3

2 Explanatory memorandum relating to the 1.3 provisional agenda for Eighth Congress

3

Corr. 1 (English only)

Consolidated programme and budget 1980-1983

4 Consolidated programme and budget Report of the Executive Committee on the Secretary-General's proposals for the pro­gramme and budget for the eighth financial period

5 Consolidated programme and budget Supplementary information on the pro­gramme and budget proposals

6 The use of the Arabic language as an offi­cial and working language of the Organiza­tion Revision of the General Regulations

7 Revision of the Financial Regulations Corr. 1

8 Consideration of the Working Capital Fund

9 Questions concerning the Convention Amendment to Article 13 (c)

10 Revision of the General Regulations

11 Meteorological Applications and Environ­ment Programme Aviation meteorology Add. I Add. 2

12 Questions concerning the Convention Amendments to Artfcles 3 and 34 of the Convention

13 Questions concerning the Convention Amendment to Article 13

9

9

9

11.3

11.2

10.2

10.3

ILl

11.2

3.2.1

ILl

ILl

Submitted by

Secretary-General

Executive Committee

Secretary-General

Egypt

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

France

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Doc. Title No.

14 Consolidated report on the amendments to Technical Regulations Add. \

15 WMO support of research activities WMO Research Award for Encourage­ment of Young Scientists

16 Reports by the presidents of technical com­missions Report by the president of the Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology

17 Proportional contributions of Members Possible method of automatic adjustment of assessments

18 Consolidated programme and budget Future financing of major programmes and projects

19 Reports by the presidents of technical com­missions Report by the president of the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology

20 Reports by the presidents of technical com­missions Report by the president of the Commission for Marine Meteorology

21 Aviation meteorology Environmental pollution monitoring Hydrology and Water Resources Pro­gramme

22 Reports by the presidents of technical com­missions Report of the president of the Commission for Hydrology

23 Proportional contributions of Members Add. \ Add. 2 Add. 3

24 Water Resources Development Progamme Co-operation with other international organizations in hydrology and water resources

25 Voluntary Assistance Programme Change in the name of the WMO Volun­tary Assistance Programme and proposed organization for the eighth financial period

26 Future World Weather Watch plan Add. \

Agenda item

2.4

3.3.\

2.2

10.4

9

2.2

2.2

3.2.1 3.2.6

3.5

2.2

10.4

3.5.3

4.3

3.1.2

Submitted by

243

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

President of CAeM

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

President of CAgM

President of CMM

International Organization for Standardization

President of CHy

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

244 LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Doc. Title No.

27 Operational Hydrology Programme Comments of the Secretary-General (including the draft of the plan for the Hydrological Operational Multipurpose System (HOMS))

28 Co-operation between Hydrological Ser­vices

29 Co-operation between Hydrological Ser­vices Report of the chairman of the Advisory Committee for Operational Hydrology (ACOH)

30 Reports by presidents of technical commis­sions Report by the president of the Commission for Special Applications of Meteorology and Climatology Add. I Add. 2

31 Status of implementation of the World Weather Watch plan and monitoring of the operation Add. I

32 Antarctic Meteorological activities in the Antarctic

33 Revision of the General Regulations Question concerning Regulation 139

34 Revision of the General Regulations Improvements in election and voting procedures

35 The use of the Arabic language as an offi~ cial and working language of the Organiza~ tion Revision of the General Regulations

36 Education and Training Programme

37 Reports of presidents of regional associa~ tions Report by the president of Regional Asso~ ciation III (South America)

38 Conference programme Carr. I Corr.2 Corr.3

39 IMO Fund

Agenda item

3.5.1

3.5.2

3.5.2

2.2

3.1.1

5.3

11.2

11.2

11.3

11.2

6

5.1

7.2

10.5

Sllbmitted by

Secretary·General

Secretary~General

Chairman of ACOH

President ofCoSAMC

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Iraq

Secretary-General

President of RA II I

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Doc. Title No.

40 Tropical cyclones

41 Agriculture and desertification (desertification)

42 Agriculture and desertification (agrometeorology) Add.1

43 Revision of the General Regulations Amendment to the name of the Commis~ sion for Special Applications of Meteoro~ logy and Climatology and consequential editorial amendments to the terms of refer" ence of the Commission

44 World Climate Programme

45 Reports by the presidents of technical com" missions Report by the president of the Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observa~ tion

46 Reports of the presidents of regional asso~ ciations Report by the president of Regional Asso" ciation VI (Europe)

47 Reports of the presidents of regional asso~ ciations Report by the acting president of Regional Association II (Asia)

48 Marine meteorology IGOSS and meteorological aspects of ocean activities

49 Publications programme

50 WMO support of research activities Development and implementation of the WMO programme on research in tropical meteorology Add. I

51 Weather Modification Programme WMO support to weather modification activities and especially PEP

52 World Climate Programme WMO/ICSU Agreement on World Climate Research Programme

53 Report by the President of the Organiza~ tion Add. I

54 Energy and special applications WMQ Plan of Action in the Field of Energy Problems

Agenda item

3.1.3

3.2.4

3.2.4

11.2

3.4

2.2

5.1

5.1

3.2.2 3.2.3

7.3

3.3.1

3.3.3

3.4

2.1

3.2.5

Submilled by

245

Secretary~General

Secretary"General

Secretary~General

Hungary

Secretary~General

President of CIMO

President of RA VI

Acting president of RA II

Secretary~General

Secretary"General

Secretary~General

Secretary~General

Secretary~General

President of WMO

Secretary~General

246 LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Doc, Title No.

55 Voluntary Assistance Programme Report on the WMO Voluntary Assistance Programme (YAP)

56 World Climate Programme

57 Reports of the presidents of regional asso­ciations Rep.ort by the president of Regional Asso­ciation IV (North and Central America)

58 WMO/ICSU Global Atmospheric Re­search Programme

59 Status of implementation of the World Weather Watch plan and monitoring of the operation Financial consequences of recommenda­tions of CBS

60 WMO support of research activities Financial implications of proposals by the president of CAS

61 Instruments and methods of observation Financial consequences of proposals by the president of elMO

62 Co-operation with United Nations and other organizations Relationship between the World Meteoro­logical Organization and the International Seismological Centre

63 Regional activities Regional offices Add,1

64 Reports by presidents of technical commis­sions Report by the president of the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences

65 General review of technical co-operation activities

66 Reports of the presidents of regional asso­ciations Report by the president of Regional Asso­ciation V (South-West Pacific)

67 Revision of the Financial Regulations

68 Reports by the presidents of technical com­missions Report by the president of the Commission for Basic Systems

69 Organization of technical co-operation activities

Agenda item

4.3

3.4

5.1

3,3.2

3.1.1

3.3.1

3.3.4

8

5.2

2.2

4.1

5.1

10.2

2,2

4.5

Submitted by

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Acting president of RAIV

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

President of CAS

Secretary-General

President of RA V

Secretary-General

President of CBS

Secretary-General

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Doc. Tille No.

70 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

71 Co-operation with United Nations and other organizations Proposal for the use of the WWW Global Telecommunication System. (GTS) for the routine transmission of seismic events

72 Consolidated programme and budget 1980-1983

73

Revised estimates

Consolidated programme and budget 1980-1983 Summary of budget proposals

74 Other related activities WMO's satellite activities

75 General review of technical co-operation activities Evaluation of assistance provided during the period 1975-1978

76 Consolidated programme and budget Comments by other organizations on the programme and budget proposed by the Secretary-General for the eighth financial period Add.1 Add. I, Corr. 1 Add. 2

77 Energy and special applications Special applications

78 Environmental pollution monitoring

79 Co-operation with the United Nations and other organizations

80 Public information programme

81 Co-operation with the United Nations and other organizations Restructuring of the economic and social sectors of the United Nations system

82 Review of previous resolutions of Congress

83 Tropical cyclones Support from the regional component of the Tropical Cyclone Project Add. 1

84 WMQ support of research activities Developments in the activities of WMO to promote meteorological research

Agenda ilem

4.2

8

9

9

3.1.4

4.1

9

3.2.5

3.2.6

8

7.4

8

11.4

3.1.3

3.3.1

Submitted by

247

Secretary~General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, Philip­pines, Republic of Korea and Thai­land

Secretary-General

248

Doc. No.

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Title

85 Co-operation with United Nations and other organizations Statute of the Joint Inspection Unit

86 Reports of the presidents of regional asso­ciations Report by the president of Regional Asso­ciation I (Africa) Add. 1

87 "Revision of the General Regulations

88 World Climate Programme World Climate Conference

89 Financial report by the Secretary-General

90 Co-operation with United Nations and other organizations Recommendations addressed to WMO by the United Nations Add. 1 Add. 2

91 Revision of the General Regulations Revision of the name and tenns of refer~ ence of CoSAM C

92 Future World Weather Watch plan Wind-speed units in meteorological mes­sages for international exchange

93 Instruments and methods of observation

94 IMO Lecture and scientific discussions Add. 1 Add. 2

95 Weather Modification Programme Hail suppression research

96 Future world weather plan Aviation meteorology Aeronautical requirements for units of measurement for wind speed in meteoro­logical messages used in air navigation

97 Futur_e World Weather Watch plan

98 Regional activities

Agenda item

8

5.1

11.2

3.4

2.3

8

11.2

3.1.2

3.3.4

13

3.3.3

3.1.2 3.2.1

3.1.2

5.2

Suhmi/led by

Secretary-General

President of RA I

China

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Belgium

U.S.S.R.

Secretary-General

Secretary-General

Bulgaria

International Civil Aviation Organiza­tion

United States of America

Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burundi, Comoros, Egypt, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique,

Doc. No.

Title

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

98 (eonld.)

99 Operational Hydrology Programme The implementation of the Hydrological Operational MUltipurpose System (HOMS)

100 World Climate Programme Communication received from UNEP

101 Weather Modification Programme Development of an international frame­work for weather modification research

102 Consideration of the Working Capital Fund

103 Election of members of the Executive Committee

104 Co-operation between Hydrological Ser­vices Proposals for amendments to Cg~ VIII/ PINK [3

105 Report by the President of the Organiza­tion

2

3

4

5

6

Tribute to the retiring Secretary-General Add. I

II. "PINK" series

First report of the Credentials Committee

Appointment of the Secretary-General

Revision of the Staff Regulations Report to Plenary on agenda item 10.1

Second report of the Credentials Com­mittee

Revision of the General Regulations Amendments of Regulations related to voting and elections during sessions

Questions concerning the Convention Amendment to Article 13 (c)

Agellda ilem

3.5.1

3.4

3.3.3

10.3

12.2

3.5.2

2.1

1.5

12.3

10.1

1.5

1l.2

II.!

Suhmitled by

249

Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, Togo, Tunisia, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia

Argentina, Canada, Colombia, Nigeria, Philippines, United Republic of Came­roon, United States of America

Secretary-General

United States of America

Secretary-General

Bulgaria

Egypt

82 countries

Chairman, Credentials Committee Chairman, Nomination Committee Chairman, Committee A

Chairman, Credentials Committee

Chairman, Committee A

Chairman, Committee A

250 LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Doc. TiTle No.

7 The use of the Arabic language as an offi­cial and working language of the Organiza­tion Revision of the General Regulations

8 Third report of the Credentials Committee

9 Revision of the Financial Regulations Report to Plenary on agenda item 10.2

10 Financial report by the Secretary-General Report to Plenary on agenda item 2.3 Rev. 1

II Fourth report of the Credentials Com­mittee

12 Hydrology and Water Resources Pro­gramme Operational Hydrology Programme Report to Plenary on agenda items 3.5 and 3.5.1

13 Co-operation between Hydrological Ser­vices Report to Plenary on agenda item 3.5.2 Add. I

14 Water Resources Development Programme Report to Plenary on agenda item 3,5.3

15 Antarctic Meteorological activities in the Antarctic

16 Election of the President and Vice­Presidents of the Organization Election of the President

17 Election of the President and Vice­Presidents of the Organization Election of the Yice-Presidents

18 Election of Members of the Executive Committee

19 Questions concerning the Convention Amendment to Article 13 (c)

20 Status of implementation of the World Weather Watch plan and monitoring of the operation Future World Weather Watch plan Report to Plenary on agenda items 3.1.1 and 3.1.2

Agenda item

11.3

11.2

1.5

10.2

2.3

1.5

3.5

3.5.1

3.5.2

3.5.3

5.3

12.1

12.1

12.2

ILl

3.Ll

3.1.2

SlIbmi((ed by

Chairman, Committee A

Chairman, Credentials Committee

Chairman, Committee A

Chairman, Committee A

Chainnan, Credentials Committee

Chairman, Committee B

Chairman, Committee B

Chairman, Committee B

Chairman, Committee A

Chairman, Nomination Committee

Chairman, Nomination Committee

Chainnan, Nomination Committee

President of WMO

Chairman, CommitteeB

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Doc. Title No.

21 Tropical cyclones Report to Plenary on agenda item 3.1.3

22 Other related activities Report to Plenary on agenda item 3.1.4

23 Aviation meteorology Report to Plenary on agenda item 3.2.1 Corr. 1

24 Reports of the presidents of regional asso· ciations Report to Plenary on agenda item 5.1

25 World Climate Programme Report to Plenary on agenda item 3.4

26 Reports by the presidents of technical com­missions Report to Plenary on agenda item 2.2

27 Agriculture and desertification Report to Plenary on agenda item 3.2.4

28 Energy and special applications Corr.1

29 Secretary-General's contract Report to Plenary on agenda item 10.6

30 Consolidated report on amendments to Technical Regulations Report to Plenary on agenda item 2.4

31 Proportional contributions of Members Report to Plenary on agenda item 10.4

32 General review of technical co-operation activities

33 Weather Modification Programme

34 IMO lecture and scientific discussions

35 Policy-making organs and executive management

36

37

38

39

Organization of the session

Consideration of the Working Capital Fund

IMO Fund Report to Plenary on agenda item 10.5 Rev. I

Environmental pollution monitoring Report to Plenary on agenda item 3.2.6

Agenda item

3.1.3

3.1.4

3.2.1

5.1

3.4

2.2

3.2.4

3.2.5

10.6

2.4

10.4

4.1

3.3.3

13

7.1

10.3

10.5

3.2.6

Submitted by

Chairman, Committee B

Chairman, Committee B

Chairman, Committee B

Chairman, Committee A

Chairman, Committee B

Chairman, Committee B

Chairman, Committee B

Chairman, Committee B

Chairman, Committee A

Chairman, Committee A

Chairman, Committee A

Chairman, Committee A

Chairman, Committee B

251

President of WMO

Chairman, Committee A

President of WMO

Chairman, Committee A

Chairman, Committee A

Chairman, Committee B

252

Doc. No.

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Tirle

Consideration of the Working Capital Fund ShorHerm borrowing authority

Fifth report of the Credentials Committee

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Organization of technical co·operation activities

Other WMO assistance programmes Report to Plenary on agenda item 4.4

Revision of the General Regulations

Conference programme Report to Plenary on agenda item 7.2

Publications programme Report to Plenary on agenda item 7.3

Requests for membership of the Organiza­tion

Report by the President of the Organiza­tion Report to Plenary on agenda item 2.1

Public information programme Report to Plenary on agenda item 7.4

Co-operation with the United Nations and other organizations Report to Plenary on agenda item 8

Education and Training Programme Report to Plenary on agenda item 6

Voluntary Assistance Programme Report to Plenary on agenda item 4.3

Instruments and methods of observation Report to Plenary on agenda item 3.3.4

Marine meteorology I GOSS and meteorological aspects of ocean activities Report to Plenary on agenda items 3.2.2 and 3.2.3

Regional activities Report to Plenary on agenda item 5.2 Corr. t

Review of previous resolutions of Congress Report to Plenary on agenda item 11.4.

Agenda item

10.3

1.5

4.2

4.5

4.4

11.2

7.2

7.3

11.5

2.1

7.4

8

6

4.3

3.3.4

3.2.2 3.2.3

5.2

11.4

Submitted by

Chairman, Committee A

Chairman, Credentials Committee

Chairman, Committee A

Chairman, Committee A

Chairman, Committee A

Chairman, Committee A

Chairman, Committee A

Chairman, Committee A

President of WMO

Chairman, Committee A

Chairman, Committee A

Chairman, Committee A

Chairman, Committee A

Chairman, Committee A

Chairman, Committee B

Chairman, Committee B

Chairman, Committee A

Chairman, Committee A

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

Doc. Tille No.

58 WMO support of research activities Report to Plenary on agenda item 3.3.1

59 WMOjlCSU Global Atmospheric Research Programme Report to Plenary on agenda item 3.3.2

60 Questions concerning the Convention Amendments to Articles 3 and 34 of the Convention

61 Election of the President and Vice­Presidents of the Organization

62 Election of members of the Executive Committee

63

64

Consolidated programme and budget for 1980-1983 Report to Plenary on agenda item 9

Appointment of the Secretary-General

Agenda item

3.3.1

3.3.2

11.1

12.1

12.2

9

12.3

SlIbmilled by

Chairman, Committee B

Chairman, Committee B

Chairman, Committee A

253

President of WMO

President of WMO

Chairman, Committee B

President of WMO