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ISBN 978-92-870-3697-1

Intern

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orld Trade Organization

InternationalTradeStatistics

2009

2009

International Trade Statistics 2009 offers a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in world trade, covering the details of merchandise trade by product and trade in commercial services by category.

Each chapter is introduced by a highlights section that identifi es the most salient trends in the data and illustrates them with numerous charts and maps. There is also a methodological chapter that explains essential concepts and defi nitions used in compiling the statistics, and an appendix with detailed data on trade by region.

International Trade Statistics 2009 serves as an invaluable reference for researchers, policy makers and anyone interested in international trade.

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This report is also available in French and Spanish:

Statistiques du commerce international 2009 ISBN 978 - 92 - 870 - 3698 - 8Estadísticas del comercio internacional 2009 ISBN 978 - 92 - 870 - 3699 - 5

Price: CHF 50.-

To order, please contact:

WTO Publications World Trade Organization 154, rue de Lausanne CH-1211 Geneva 21

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This publication is available online at

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iii

WTO Members (As of 23 July 2008)

AlbaniaAngolaAntigua and BarbudaArgentinaArmeniaAustraliaAustriaBahrain, Kingdom ofBangladeshBarbadosBelgiumBelizeBeninBoliviaBotswanaBrazilBrunei DarussalamBulgariaBurkina FasoBurundiCambodiaCameroonCanadaCentral African RepublicCape VerdeChadChileChinaColombiaCongoCosta RicaCôte d’IvoireCroatiaCubaCyprusCzech RepublicDemocratic Republic of the CongoDenmarkDjiboutiDominicaDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEstoniaEuropean CommunitiesFijiFinlandFormer Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)FranceGabon

The GambiaGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGreeceGrenadaGuatemalaGuineaGuinea BissauGuyanaHaitiHondurasHong Kong, ChinaHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIrelandIsraelItalyJamaicaJapanJordanKenyaKorea, Republic ofKuwaitKyrgyz RepublicLatviaLesothoLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgMacao, ChinaMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMaliMaltaMauritaniaMauritiusMexicoMoldovaMongoliaMoroccoMozambiqueMyanmarNamibiaNepalNetherlandsNew ZealandNicaragua

NigerNigeriaNorwayOmanPakistanPanamaPapua New GuineaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalQatarRomaniaRwandaSaint Kitts and NevisSaint LuciaSaint Vincent & the GrenadinesSaudi ArabiaSenegalSierra LeoneSingaporeSlovak RepublicSloveniaSolomon IslandsSouth AfricaSpainSri LankaSurinameSwazilandSwedenSwitzerlandChinese TaipeiTanzaniaThailandTogoTongaTrinidad and TobagoTunisiaTurkeyUgandaUkraineUnited Arab EmiratesUnited KingdomUnited States of AmericaUruguayVenezuela, Bolivarian Republic ofViet NamZambiaZimbabwe

iv

Acknowledgements

This publication has been prepared under the direction of Hubert Escaith, Chief Statistician. Andreas Maurer coordinated the statistical report, and Vuddha Meach supervised the overall table, chart and map production, with the assistance of Claudio Nicolai Wewel and Ying Yan. The statistical research and data compilation were conducted by Barbara d’Andrea-Adrian, Christophe Degain, Florian Eberth, Joscelyn Magdeleine, Yann Marcus, Ninez Piezas-Jerbi and Bekele Tamenu.

Acknowledgements are due to the multilateral, national and private institutions for providing their statistics. The statistical sources used in this report are presented in Chapter IV Metadata.

The International Trade Statistics Section also wishes to thank Anthony Martin and other colleagues of the Information and External Relations Division for their comments and suggestions. Our recognition is also due to WTO’s printing team for the production, and the French and Spanish translators in the Languages Documentation and Information Management Division for rendering the report in the WTO’s other offi cial languages.

Finally, we wish to thank the community of “International Trade Statistics” users for their suggestions and comments on previous editions. Their constant feed-backs allow us to better respond to statistical needs of our readers.

This publication is also available online at http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/its2009_e/its09_toc_e.htm

If you would like more information on the contents of this report or if you have any comments or suggestions for improvement please contact the International Trade Statistics Section (statistics@wto.org).

v

Contents

I. WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS – WORLD TRADE IN 2008

Highlights 1

1. Overview 7

2. Trade by region 8

3. Leading traders 12

4. Bilateral trade of leading traders 16

5. Regional Trade Agreements 23

6. Least-developed countries 27

7. Foreign affi liates trade in services 31

II. MERCHANDISE TRADE BY PRODUCT

Highlights 33

1. Overview 41

2. Agricultural products 46

2.1 Food 52

3. Fuels and mining products 57

3.1 Fuels 60

4. Manufactures 62

4.1 Iron and steel 69

4.2 Chemicals 72

4.3 Offi ce and telecom equipment 75

4.3.1 EDP equipment 81

4.3.2 Telecommunications equipment 86

4.3.3 Integrated circuits and electronic components 91

4.4 Automotive products 96

4.5 Textiles 102

4.6 Clothing 109

III. TRADE IN COMMERCIAL SERVICES

Highlights 115

1. Overview 121

2. Transportation services 122

3. Travel 127

4. Other commercial services 132

4.1 Communications services 137

4.1.1 Telecommunications services 138

4.2 Construction 139

4.3 Insurance services 141

4.4 Financial services 143

vi

4.5 Computer and information services 145

4.5.1 Computer services 147

4.6 Royalties and licence fees 148

4.7 Other business services 150

4.8 Personal, cultural and recreational services 153

4.8.1 Audiovisual services 155

IV. METADATA

1. Composition of geographical and economic groupings 157

2. Defi nitions and methodology 161

2.1 Merchandise trade 161

2.1.1 Exports and imports 161

2.1.2 Products 161

2.1.3 World trade network 163

2.1.4 Merchandise trade of selected major traders by product, region and major trading partner (Appendix tables A18 to A28) 165

2.1.5 Merchandise trade and the goods account in balance of payments statistics 164

2.2 Trade in commercial services 164

2.2.1 Trade in commercial services between residents and non residents of an economy 165

2.2.2 Foreign affi liates trade in services statistics 167

2.3 Other defi nitions and methods 167

2.3.1 Annual changes 167

2.3.2 Prices 167

2.3.3 World merchandise trade indices 167

2.3.4 World production 168

2.3.5 World gross domestic product 168

2.3.6 Re-exports and re-imports 168

3. Specifi c notes for selected economies 169

3.1 Merchandise trade statistics of the European Union 169

3.2 Trade of South Africa with SACU (South African Customs Union) 169

3.3 Major breaks in data continuity of merchandise trade 169

3.4 Trade in services of the United States 169

3.5 Travel exports and transportation services exports and imports of Japan 170

3.6 Trade in other commercial services of India 170

3.7 Trade in commercial services of United Arab Emirates 170

3.8 Trade in commercial services of Nigeria 170

3.9 Trade in commercial services of South Africa 170

3.10 Trade in other commercial services of Bahrain 171

3.11 Trade in other commercial services of Oman 171

4. Statistical sources 172

Appendix 173

World maps 239

vii

List of tables

I. WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS – WORLD TRADE IN 2008

Highlights

1. Overview

Table I.1 Growth in the volume of world merchandise exports and production, 2000-2008 7

Table I.2 Growth in the volume of world merchandise trade by selected region and economy, 2000-2008 7

2. Trade by region

Table I.3 World merchandise trade and trade in commercial services by region and selected economy, 2008 8

Table I.4 Intra- and inter-regional merchandise trade, 2008 9

Table I.5 Shares of regional trade fl ows in world merchandise exports, 2008 9

Table I.6 World merchandise exports by region and selected economy, 1948, 1953, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003 and 2008 10

Table I.7 World merchandise imports by region and selected economy, 1948, 1953, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003 and 2008 11

3. Leading traders

Table I.8 Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade, 2008 12

Table I.9 Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade (excluding intra-EU (27) trade), 2008 13

Table I.10 Leading exporters and importers in world trade in commercial services, 2008 14

Table I.11 Leading exporters and importers in world trade in commercial services (excluding intra-EU (27) trade), 2008 15

4. Bilateral trade of leading traders

Table I.12 Merchandise trade of Canada by origin and destination, 2008 16

Table I.13 Merchandise trade of the United States by origin and destination, 2008 17

Table I.14 Merchandise trade of the European Union (27) by origin and destination, 2008 18

Table I.15 Merchandise trade of Japan by origin and destination, 2008 19

Table I.16 Trade in commercial services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2007 20

5. Regional Trade Agreements

Table I.17 Merchandise trade of NAFTA countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2008 23

Table I.18 Merchandise trade of MERCOSUR countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2008 24

Table I.19 Merchandise trade of Andean Community countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2008 25

Table I.20 Merchandise trade of ASEAN countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2008 26

6. Least-developed countries

Table I.21 Ratio of exports of goods and commercial services to GDP of the least-developed countries, 2007 27

Table I.22 Merchandise exports and imports of the least-developed countries by selected country grouping, 2008 28

viii

Table I.23 Imports of agricultural products, fuels and manufactures of the European Union (27), Asia and North America from the least-developed countries, 2008 29

Table I.24 Exports of commercial services of the least-developed countries by category, 2007 30

7. Foreign affi liates trade in services

Table I.25 Sales by foreign affi liates of resident companies - affi liates located abroad primarily engaged in services activities (outward FATS), 2003-2006 31

Table I.26 Sales by affi liates of foreign companies - resident affi liates primarily engaged in services activities (inward FATS), 2003-2006 32

II. MERCHANDISE TRADE BY PRODUCT

Highlights

1. Overview

Table II.1 World merchandise exports by major product group, 2008 41

Table II.2 World merchandise exports by major product group and region, 2008 42

Table II.3 Share of agricultural products in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2008 43

Table II.4 Share of fuels and mining products in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2008 43

Table II.5 Share of fuels in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2008 43

Table II.6 Share of manufactures in total merchandise trade by region, 2008 43

Table II.7 Share of iron and steel in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2008 44

Table II.8 Share of chemicals in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2008 44

Table II.9 Share of offi ce and telecom equipment in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2008 44

Table II.10 Share of automotive products in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2008 44

Table II.11 Share of textiles in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2008 45

Table II.12 Share of clothing in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2008 45

2. Agricultural products

Table II.13 Exports of agricultural products of regions by destination, 2008 46

Table II.14 Imports of agricultural products of selected economies by origin, 2008 47

Table II.15 Leading exporters and importers of agricultural products, 2008 49

Table II.16 Exports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-2008 50

Table II.17 Imports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-2008 51

2. 1 Food

Table II.18 Exports of food of regions by destination, 2008 52

Table II.19 Imports of food of selected economies by origin, 2008 53

Table II.20 Leading exporters and importers of food, 2008 54

Table II.21 Exports of food of selected economies, 1990-2008 55

Table II.22 Imports of food of selected economies, 1990-2008 56

3. Fuels and mining products

Table II.23 Exports of fuels and mining products of regions by destination, 2008 57

3. 1 Fuels

Table II.24 Imports of fuels of selected economies by origin, 2008 58

ix

Table II.25 Imports of fuels of selected regions and economies from the Middle East, 2000 and 2008 59

Table II.26 Exports of fuels of selected economies, 1990-2008 60

Table II.27 Imports of fuels of selected economies, 1990-2008 61

4. Manufactures

Table II.28 Exports of manufactures of regions by destination, 2008 62

Table II.29 Trade in manufactures of the United States, the European Union (27) and China by origin and destination, 2008 63

Table II.30 Imports of manufactures of selected economies by origin, 2008 64

Table II.31 Leading exporters and importers of manufactures, 2008 66

Table II.32 Exports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-2008 67

Table II.33 Imports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-2008 68

4.1 Iron and steel

Table II.34 Exports of iron and steel of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008 69

Table II.35 Imports of iron and steel of the European Union (27) and the United States by origin, 2008 70

Table II.36 Leading exporters and importers of iron and steel, 2008 71

4.2 Chemicals

Table II.37 Exports of chemicals of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008 72

Table II.38 Leading exporters and importers of chemicals, 2008 73

Table II.39 Leading exporters and importers of pharmaceuticals, 2008 74

4.3 Offi ce and telecom equipment

Table II.40 Exports of offi ce and telecom equipment of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008 75

Table II.41 Imports of offi ce and telecom equipment of selected economies by origin, 2008 76

Table II.42 Leading exporters and importers of offi ce and telecom equipment, 2008 78

Table II.43 Exports of offi ce and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-2008 79

Table II.44 Imports of offi ce and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-2008 80

4.3.1 EDP equipment

Table II.45 Imports of EDP and offi ce equipment of selected economies by origin, 2008 81

Table II.46 Leading exporters and importers of EDP and offi ce equipment, 2008 83

Table II.47 Exports of EDP and offi ce equipment of selected economies, 1990-2008 84

Table II.48 Imports of EDP and offi ce equipment of selected economies, 1990-2008 85

4.3.2 Telecommunications equipment

Table II.49 Imports of telecommunications equipment of selected economies by origin, 2008 86

Table II.50 Leading exporters and importers of telecommunications equipment, 2008 88

Table II.51 Exports of telecommunication equipment of selected economies, 1990-2008 89

Table II.52 Imports of telecommunication equipment of selected economies , 1990-2008 90

4.3.3 Integrated circuits and electronic components

Table II.53 Imports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies by origin, 2008 91

Table II.54 Leading exporters and importers of integrated circuits and electronic components, 2008 93

Table II.55 Exports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies, 1990-2008 94

Table II.56 Imports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies, 1990-2008 95

x

4.4 Automotive products

Table II.57 Exports of automotive products of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008 96

Table II.58 Imports of automotive products of selected economies by origin, 2008 97

Table II.59 Leading exporters and importers of automotive products, 2008 99

Table II.60 Exports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-2008 100

Table II.61 Imports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-2008 101

4.5 Textiles

Table II.62 Textile exports of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008 102

Table II.63 Textile imports of selected economies by origin, 2008 103

Table II.64 Leading exporters and importers of textiles, 2008 106

Table II.65 Textile exports of selected economies, 1990-2008 107

Table II.66 Textile imports of selected economies, 1990-2008 108

4.6 Clothing

Table II.67 Clothing exports of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008 109

Table II.68 Clothing imports of selected economies by origin, 2008 110

Table II.69 Leading exporters and importers of clothing, 2008 112

Table II.70 Clothing exports of selected economies, 1990-2008 113

Table II.71 Clothing imports of selected economies, 1990-2008 114

III. TRADE IN COMMERCIAL SERVICES

Highlights

1. Overview

Table III.1 World trade in commercial services by category, 2008 121

Table III.2 Growth of commercial services exports by category and by region, 1990-2008 121

2. Transportation services

Table III.3 World trade in transportation services by region, 2008 122

Table III.4 Leading exporters and importers of transportation services, 2008 123

Table III.5 Trade in transportation services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2007 124

3. Travel

Table III.6 World trade in travel by region, 2008 127

Table III.7 Leading exporters and importers of travel, 2008 128

Table III.8 Trade in travel of selected economies by origin and destination, 2007 129

4. Other commercial services

Table III.9 World trade in other commercial services by region, 2008 132

Table III.10 Leading exporters and importers of other commercial services, 2008 133

Table III.11 Trade in other commercial services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2007 134

4.1 Communications services

Table III.12 World exports of communications services by region, 2007 137

Table III.13 Major exporters and importers of communications services, 2007 137

xi

4.1.1 Telecommunications services

Table III.14 Major exporters and importers of telecommunications services, 2007 138

Table III.15 Exports of telecommunications services of selected economies by destination, 2007 138

4.2 Construction

Table III.16 World exports of construction by region, 2007 139

Table III.17 Major exporters and importers of construction, 2007 139

Table III.18 Exports of construction of selected economies by destination, 2007 140

4.3 Insurance services

Table III.19 World exports of insurance services by region, 2007 141

Table III.20 Major exporters and importers of insurance services, 2007 141

Table III.21 Exports of insurance services of selected economies by destination, 2007 142

4.4 Financial services

Table III.22 World exports of fi nancial services by region, 2007 143

Table III.23 Major exporters and importers of fi nancial services, 2007 143

Table III.24 Exports of fi nancial services of selected economies by destination, 2007 144

4.5 Computer and information services

Table III.25 World exports of computer and information services by region, 2007 145

Table III.26 Major exporters and importers of computer and information services, 2007 145

Table III.27 Exports of computer and information services of selected economies by destination, 2007 146

4.5.1 Computer services

Table III.28 Major exporters and importers of computer services, 2007 147

Table III.29 Exports of computer services of selected economies by destination, 2007 147

4.6 Royalties and licence fees

Table III.30 World receipts of royalties and licence fees by region, 2007 148

Table III.31 Major economies for receipts and payments of royalties and licence fees, 2007 148

Table III.32 Receipts of royalties and licence fees of selected economies by origin, 2007 149

4.7 Other business services

Table III.33 World exports of other business services by region, 2007 150

Table III.34 Major exporters and importers of other business services, 2007 150

Table III.35 Exports of other business services of selected economies by destination, 2007 151

Table III.36 Trade in other business services by category in selected economies, 2007 152

4.8 Personal, cultural and recreational services

Table III.37 World exports of personal, cultural and recreational services by region, 2007 153

Table III.38 Major exporters and importers of personal, cultural and recreational services, 2007 153

Table III.39 Exports of personal, cultural and recreational services of selected economies by destination, 2007 154

4.8.1 Audiovisual services

Table III.40 Major exporters and importers of audiovisual services and related services, 2007 155

Table III.41 Exports of audiovisual and related services of selected economies by destination, 2007 155

xii

IV. METADATA

1. Composition of geographical and economic groupings

Table IV.1 Composition of regions and other economic groupings 157

2.1.2 Products

Table IV.2 Products 161

2.2.1 Trade in commercial services between residents and non residents of an economy

Table IV.3 Number of economies reporting Balance of Payments services components for 2007 166

Appendix

Table A1 World merchandise exports, production and gross domestic product, 1950-2008 173

Table A2 Network of world merchandise trade by region, 2006-2008 176

Table A3 Merchandise trade of selected regional trade agreements, 2000-2008 178

Table A4 Merchandise trade by selected groups of economies, 1998-2008 179

Table A5 Trade in commercial services by selected groups of economies, 1998-2008 180

Table A6 World merchandise exports by region and selected economy, 1998-2008 181

Table A7 World merchandise imports by region and selected economy, 1998-2008 185

Table A8 World exports of commercial services by region and selected economy, 1998-2008 189

Table A9 World imports of commercial services by region and selected economy, 1998-2008 192

Table A10 Network of world merchandise trade by product and region, 2006-2008 196

Table A11 Merchandise trade by region and selected economies, 1998-2008 – United States 202

Table A12 Merchandise trade by region and selected economies, 2004-2008 – European Union (27) 203

Table A13 Merchandise trade by region and selected economies, 1998-2008 – Japan 204

Table A14 Merchandise trade by region and selected economies, 1998-2008 – China 205

Table A15 Merchandise trade of the United States by region and by product, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003 and 2008 206

Table A16 Merchandise trade of Europe by region and by product, 2004-2008 207

Table A17 Merchandise trade of Japan by region and by product, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003 and 2008 208

Table A18 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 – Canada 210

Table A19 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 – United States 212

Table A20 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 – Brazil 214

Table A21 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 – European Union (27) 216

Table A22 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 – China 218

Table A23 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 – Hong Kong, China 220

Table A24 Domestic exports and re-exports of merchandise by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 – Hong Kong, China 222

Table A25 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 – Japan 224

Table A26 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 – Chinese Taipei 226

Table A27 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 – Malaysia 228

Table A28 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 – Singapore 230

Table A29 Total merchandise trade of NAFTA by products and by origin/destination, 2000 and 2006-2008 232

xiii

Table A30 Total merchandise trade of MERCOSUR by products and by origin/destination, 2000 and 2006-2008 233

Table A31 Total merchandise trade of Andean Community by products and by origin/destination, 2000 and 2006-2008 234

Table A32 Total merchandise trade of ASEAN by products and by origin/destination, 2000 and 2006-2008 235

Table A33 Export prices of primary commodities, 1998-2009 236

Table A34 Export prices of Germany, Japan and the United States by commodity group, 1998-2009 237

Table A35 Import prices of Germany, Japan and the United States by commodity group, 1998-2009 238

World maps

Map 1 Composition of geographical regions 239

Map 2 WTO Members and Observers 240

Map 3 Ratio of exports and imports of goods and commercial services to GDP, 2007 241

Map 4 Exports of goods and commercial services per capita, 2007 242

xiv

c.i.f. cost, insurance and freight

f.o.b. free on board

n.e.s. not elsewhere specifi ed

n.i.e. not included elsewhere

The following symbols are used in this publication:

... not available

0 fi gure is zero or became zero due to rounding

- not applicable

$ United States dollars

Q1, Q2 1st quarter, 2nd quarter

I break in comparability of data series. Data after the symbol do not form a consistent series with those from

earlier years.

Billion means one thousand million.

Minor discrepancies between constituent fi gures and totals are due to rounding.

Unless otherwise indicated, (i) all value fi gures are expressed in U.S. dollars; (ii) trade fi gures include the intra-trade of free trade areas, customs unions, geographical and other groups; (iii) merchandise trade fi gures are on a customs basis and (iv) merchandise exports are f.o.b. and merchandise imports are c.i.f. Data for the latest year are provisional.

Closing date 15 August 2009

ACP African, Caribbean and Pacifi c Group of States

ASEAN Association of South-East Asian Nations

AFTA ASEAN Free Trade Area

BOP Balance of Payments

BPM5 Balance of Payments Manual, fi fth edition

CACM Central American Common Market

CARICOM Caribbean Common Market

CEMAC Economic and Monetary Community

of Central African States

CIS Commonwealth of Independent States

COMESA Common Market for Eastern and

Southern Africa

ECCAS Economic Community of Central African States

ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States

EFTA European Free Trade Association

EU European Union

EUROSTAT Statistical Offi ce of the European Communities

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization

of the United Nations

FATS Foreign Affi liates Trade in Services

FDI Foreign Direct Investment

GCC Gulf Co-operation Council

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GNP Gross National Product

HS Harmonized Commodity Description

and Coding System

IEA International Energy Agency

IMF International Monetary Fund

GTIS Global Trade Information Services Inc.

ISIC International Standard Industrial Classifi cation

LDCs Least-developed countries

MERCOSUR Southern Common Market

NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement

OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and

Development

SAARC South Asian Association for Regional

Co-operation

SADC South African Development Community

SAPTA South Asian Preferential Trade Arrangement

SITC Standard International Trade Classifi cation

WAEMU West African Economic and Monetary Union

UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for

Europe

UNECLAC United Nations Economic Commission

for Latin America and the Caribbean

UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade

and Development

UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development

Organization

UNSD United Nations Statistics Division

Abbreviations and symbols

1

WO

RL

D T

RA

DE

DE

VE

LO

PM

EN

TS

I

I. Data in real terms show that world gross domestic product (GDP) and

world merchandise exports not only move in tandem, but that export growth exceeds GDP growth. Growth of world GDP is associated with an even higher growth in international trade. Declines also show the same tendency as is shown by Chart I.1 on the volatility of world merchandise trade and GDP from 1960 to 2008.

The income elasticity of manufac-tured exports is higher than that of total merchandise exports. In other words, trade in manufactured goods responds more than merchandise exports to changes in income. From 1960 to 2008, the average elasticity for total merchandise was 1.7, but for manufactured goods it was 2.1.

It is important to bear in mind that merchandise trade fl ows are recorded on a “gross basis” whereas GDP measures the value added during the production of goods and services (i.e. output less intermediate consumption). This means in particular that traded intermediate products are only taken into account in GDP through the additional value produced at each step of the production process. In merchandise trade data, intermediate goods are counted at full value each time they cross the frontier. A higher number of cross-border movements in the case of intermediate manufactured goods may therefore result in a higher growth of merchandise trade compared to GDP. The emergence of international supply chains increases this phenomenon.

Does trade follow the pattern of GDP growth?

Merchandise trade and GDP

IN THIS CHAPTER :

Merchandise trade and GDP

Merchandise trade

Trade and GDP

Regional merchandise trade fl ows

Leading merchandise traders

The crisis and least- developed countries

Trade in commercial services

Foreign affi liates and services trade

The Highlights

I. WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008-10

-5

0

5

10

15

Exports totalGDP

Chart I.1

(Annual percentage change)

World merchandise exports and GDP,1960-2008

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20080.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

Total merchandise tradeTrade in manufactures

Chart I.2Elasticity of world merchandise trade,1960-2008

2

WO

RL

D T

RA

DE

DE

VE

LO

PM

EN

TS

I

What is the importance of trade in intermediate goods?

Merchandise trade

Increasing trade in intermediate goods is one of the major reasons for world trade experiencing larger changes than world GDP. Each time goods cross the frontier, an interna-tional transaction is recorded. When international supply chains include a number of tasks – as is the case for transport equipment and electronics – unfi nished goods may cross frontiers several times during the assembly proc-ess. The compilation of merchandise trade statistics by customs administra-tions results in the recording of these goods more than once. The impact of this “double counting” can be signifi cant. The share of intermediate manufactured products in non-fuel world trade was around 40 per cent in 2008, but it can vary among countries depending on their export specialization. For example, Chinese Taipei has an import share of 65 per cent and an export share of 71 per cent. Thus, roughly two-thirds of its trade was in intermediate goods in 2008.

What does the trade to GDP ratio reveal?

Trade and GDP

Chart I.4

(Percentage based on current dollar values)

Ratio of exports and imports of goods and commercial services to GDP, 2007

30 - 60

60 - 100

≥ 100

Data not available

0 - 30

Note: Colours and boundaries do not imply any judgement on the part of WTO as to the legal status or frontier of any territory.

The ratio of exports and imports of goods and commercial services to GDP is often used to indicate the openness of an economy.

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Chart I.3 Share of intermediate goods in non-fuel merchandise trade, 2008

World

China

Hong Kong, China,

Costa Rica

Czech Rep.

Germany

Indonesia

Malaysia

Chinese Taipei

ExportImport

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However, results should not be interpreted as a trade policy indicator. For example, the United States shows a rela-tively low ratio despite its openness to trade — as refl ected, for example, by its low tariffs. This refl ects the fact that service-oriented and larger economies tend to show a relatively small ratio.

An increase in the value of trade may not be a consequence of trade liberalization. For example, oil price increases lead to an increase of the value of exports of oil exporters that do not fully refl ect an increase in an economy’s GDP. The situation is even more marked for importing countries because the rise in the value of fuel imports may depress domestic economic activity, leading to a higher trade to GDP ratio. Exchange rate fl uctuations also have an impact on making comparisons among countries.

What is the impact of the crisis on trade within regions?

Regional merchandise trade flows

International merchandise trade continued to increase rapidly during the fi rst half of 2008. It was not until September 2008 that the impact of the fi nancial crisis became evident. As a result, the 2008 fi gure for total merchandise trade still shows a positive annual rate of growth of 15 per cent, only slightly lower than the 16 per cent in 2007 but still above the average of 12 per cent observed since 2000.

The crisis, initiated by failings in the sub-prime mortgage market in the United States and quickly spreading across world fi nancial markets, has had a different impact across regions, with the full impact felt across all regions only in the fourth quarter of 2008. Trade levels deteriorated most in Europe, falling by nearly 16 per cent in the fourth quarter compared with the same period of 2007. Asia’s exports declined by 5 per cent and North America’s by 7 per cent (year-on-year). Trade within regions seemed to contract faster than trade between regions: trade within Europe – perhaps the most closely integrated economic area – declined 18 per cent. In contrast, trade within Asia decreased at half this rate, while trade within North America fell 10 per cent.

The fi rst quarter of 2009, on a year-on-year basis, saw much steeper declines in each region’s export rates. The strongest decline was recorded in the “other” region, which combines the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Africa and the Middle East. Falling commodity prices, due to the overall recession in the world economy, were mostly responsible for these declines.

Trade within Asia declined 9 per cent in the fourth quarter of 2008. In the fi rst quarter of 2009 this decline increased to about 29 per cent. Trade in automotive products was the sector most affected, declining by 48 per cent during the fi rst quarter of 2009 (year-on-year), followed by iron and steel (37 per cent), offi ce and telecom equipment (29 per cent) and integrated circuits (31 per cent).

The most recent monthly data for world merchandise trade (see http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/quar-terly_world_exp_e.htm) indicate an end to the declining trend – world merchandise trade increased by 8 per cent between the fi rst and second quarter (quarter on quarter) of 2009, with second quarter results still being down 33 per cent when compared with the same quarter of the previous year (year on year).

The newly industrialized countries of Asia have seen their trade fl ows rebound more strongly than those of developed economies, suggesting that much of their recent growth could be due to trade within Asia. Support for this theory is provided by the Republic of Korea, whose exports to the world grew more slowly in July (22 per cent) than exports to Asia (26 per cent) or exports to China (27 per cent). The fact that China’s imports grew twice as fast as its exports in June (16 per cent versus 8 per cent) also suggests that trade within Asia could be benefi ting from the country’s fi scal stimulus package. China’s merchandise trade surplus narrowed in June from US$ 13 billion to US$ 8 billion.

-50.0-45.0-40.0-35.0-30.0-25.0-20.0-15.0-10.0

-5.00.0

Chart I.5Quarterly percentage change in world merchandise exports by region

(Percentage change, yoy)

World North America South and Central America

Europe Asia Others

Q1 2009Q4 2008

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What is the impact of the crisis on trade balances?

Leading merchandise traders

Before the global crisis, an increasing number of countries were experiencing trade imbalances. Many analysts iden-tify this trend as one of the reasons for growing global tensions, if not directly one of the causes of the crisis. Since the early 1980s, both Germany and Japan had recorded signifi cant mer-chandise trade surpluses. During the early 1980s, Germany’s trade surplus constantly increased, reaching its peak in 1988 at 5.9 per cent of GDP. After the steep drop in the early 1990s, the trade surplus quickly increased again until 2008 to reach 8 per cent of GDP. Japan’s merchandise trade balance in relation to GDP peaked in 1986 (4.1 per cent). Before the crisis, its export surplus amounted to 2.1 per cent of its GDP. The US defi cit reached 3.6 per cent in 1987, and then fell to 1.4 per cent in 1991. It grew to its peak of 6.8 per cent in 2006 and has declined since then.

Economic downturns, such as in the early 1990s or the latest crisis, tend to redress these trade imbalances. In 2008, Japan’s trade surplus repre-sented 0.4 per cent of GDP, but turned into a trade defi cit during the fi rst quarter of 2009 (-0.02 per cent of GDP). Germany’s export surplus fell to 7 per cent of GDP and the United States defi cit to 6.2 per cent in 2008, further shrink-ing to 3.4 per cent in the fi rst quarter of 2009.

For the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russian Federation, India and China), trade balances as a percentage of GDP were more volatile. This was especially the case where primary commodities, such as copper or grain, and products based on oil or other natural resources comprise a high share of total exports. For example, Russian Federation’s trade surplus was strongly affected by crude oil prices while Brazil’s trade balance has moved between defi cit and surplus several times since the 1980s. Throughout this period, India has faced a structural defi cit in merchandise trade, that has grown especially from 2000 onwards. China’s trade balance turned into a surplus in the mid-1990s, reaching 7.8 per cent of GDP in 2007. Although its trade surplus fell to 6.7 per cent during 2008, and to 4.7 per cent in the fi rst quarter of 2009, the latest monthly fi gures indicate that China is benefi ting noticeably from the initial recovery of world trade.

How has the crisis affected trade in LDCs?

The crisis and least-developed countries (LDCs)

Total exports of goods and commercial services (on Balance-of-Payments terms) from LDCs grew at a high average rate of more than 20 per cent over the 2000-2008 period, thanks to a succession of double-digit annual growth rates since 2003. As a result, the LDCs out-performed the global trends in world trade (12 per cent growth), even though their share in total trade of goods and services remained under one percentage point (0.9 per cent).

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

Chart I.6

(Percentage)

Merchandise trade balance as percentage of GDP,1980-2009FH

United States Germany Japan

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

Chart I.7

(Percentage)

Merchandise trade balance as percentage of GDP,1980-2009FH

BrazilRussian Federation

IndiaChina

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Table I.1

Trends in LDC exports of goods and services, 2000-2008

Values (billion dollars) Annual rate of growth (percentage) 2000 2008e 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008e 2000-2008e

Total goods and commercial services 42.1 176.3 3.9 7.6 15.2 29.7 30.7 23.7 22.8 26.4 19.6

Total goods 35.9 159.4 4.2 7.7 16.3 31.0 33.6 24.6 22.5 27.3 20.5Commercial services 6.1 16.9 2.5 6.9 8.4 21.7 10.1 16.3 25.9 18.7 13.6Other goods 20.4 46.0 6.8 4.1 10.4 14.3 13.4 12.2 14.3 10.7 10.7Fuels and mining 15.6 113.4 0.7 12.8 23.8 50.0 51.2 32.6 27.0 35.6 28.2

Notes: WTO estimates based on Balance of Payments data. e = preliminary estimates.

The sustained increase in export values was principally the result of the surge in commodity prices, particularly for fuels and other minerals, in international markets. Exports of fuels and mining benefi ted from this international trend, growing at an annual average of 28 per cent since the beginning of the decade. Average annual growth in other goods was less impressive (11 per cent since 2000), despite good results in 2008 that were due to a strong increase in exports of food products. Despite year-to-year fl uctuations, LDC exports of commercial services have enjoyed double-digit growth since 2004, averaging an annual 14 per cent over this period.

The recent crisis lowered commodity prices and demand for tourism services, which affected the LDCs during a particularly strong phase of export growth. The recovery of fuel and mineral prices after the fi rst quarter of 2009 has benefi ted commodity exporters, but the effect of the crisis on other LDCs translated into larger external defi cits, com-pounded by their dependence on external fi nancing.

Are exports of commercial services more resilient in times of crisis?

Trade in commercial services

Overall, world exports of commercial services grew by 12 per cent in 2008, compared with 19 per cent in 2007. An analysis of quarterly export data of leading exporting economies (representing 82 per cent of world exports of com-mercial services) shows that in the fi rst two quarters of 2008, world exports of commercial services increased by 20 per cent on average on a year-on-year basis. In the third quarter of 2008, export growth decelerated, and dropped by 6 per cent in the last quarter of the year. Preliminary fi gures for the fi rst quarter of 2009 suggest a more pronounced decline, by 19 per cent.

Data from leading exporters of com-mercial services show that in 2008, export growth slowed down signifi -cantly in several economies. In both the European Union and the United States, which last year together accounted for 60 per cent of world exports of com-mercial services, exports increased respectively by 10 and 11 per cent, considerably less than in 2007. Exports from the BRIC countries continue to grow overall at a steady rate, much higher than the world’s average. How-ever, their individual export performance varies. Despite the ongoing economic recession, in 2008 Russia’s exports of commercial services increased by 30 per cent, more than in 2007. Similarly, exports from Brazil recorded a 27 per cent increase in 2008, in the same range as in the previous year.

For India and China, however, export growth slowed down signifi cantly compared with 2007. China’s exports, which reached US$ 146.4 billion in 2008, rose by 20 per cent, down from 33 per cent in 2007. However, the economy has

Q1 2008 Q2 2008 Q3 2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009-25.0-20.0-15.0-10.0

-5.00.05.0

10.015.020.025.0

Chart I.8

(Percentage change, yoy)

World exports of commercial servicesQ1 2008 - Q1 2009

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become the third largest exporter of commercial services in the world. Exports from India grew by 17 percentage points in 2008, compared with 23 per cent in 2007.

The crisis principally affected services closely linked to trade in goods, such as transportation, while business services remained relatively untouched. Although some sectors have proved more resilient than merchandise trade during the initial phase of the crisis, trade in business services and travel might be particularly vulnerable to the secondary effects of the global crisis if private investment and household consumption levels continue to be sluggish.

How has services trade changed over the past decade?

Foreign affiliates and services trade

The globalization of business and the fi rms’ increas-ing ownership of different stages of the production process have increased the role of intermediate goods in merchandise trade over the last decade. A simi-lar fragmentation of production has been emerging in the fi eld of services. The United States has recorded an increasing share of trade between multi-nationals and their majority-owned foreign affi liates, growing from 21.5 per cent to more than a quarter of its total trade (27.5 per cent) in 2007 (covering only non-bank affi liates, and excluding transportation services and travel). 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

050

100150200250300350400450500

Chart I.9Intra-firm trade in US total private services exports, 1997-2007

(Billion dollars)

Intra-firm exportsTotal exports

Value

1. Overview

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Table I.1

(Annual percentage change)

2000-08 2006 2007 2008

World merchandise exports 5.0 8.5 6.0 1.5Agricultural products 4.0 6.0 5.0 2.5Fuels and mining products 3.0 4.0 3.5 0.5Manufactures 6.0 10.5 7.5 2.0

World merchandise production 2.5 4.0 1.5 -0.5Agriculture 2.5 1.5 2.5 3.0Mining 1.5 1.0 0.0 1.0Manufacturing 2.5 5.5 1.5 -1.5

World GDP 3.0 3.5 3.5 1.5

Growth in the volume of world merchandise exports and production, 2000-2008

Note : See the Metadata for the estimation of world aggregates of merchandise exports, production and GDP.

Table I.2

(Annual percentage change)

2000-08 2007 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

5.0 6.0 1.5 World 5.0 6.0 1.5

2.5 5.0 1.5 North America 3.0 2.0 -2.50.0 2.0 -6.0 Canada 3.5 5.0 0.52.0 1.5 -5.0 Mexico 3.0 4.0 0.53.5 6.5 6.0 United States 3.0 1.0 -3.5

5.5 3.5 0.5 South and Central America 8.5 17.5 13.5

3.5 4.0 0.0 Europe 3.0 4.0 -1.53.5 3.5 -0.5 European Union (27) 3.0 3.5 -1.51.0 1.5 0.0 Norway 5.0 9.5 2.03.5 7.0 1.5 Switzerland 2.0 5.0 2.5

7.5 7.5 2.5 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 17.0 20.0 16.5

10.0 11.5 5.5 Asia 8.0 8.0 4.52.5 2.5 5.5 Australia 9.0 11.0 10.0

20.5 19.5 8.5 China 16.0 14.0 4.0-4.0 -20.5 -11.0 Hong Kong, China 3.0 7.0 -2.012.5 13.0 7.5 India 13.5 16.0 14.06.0 9.5 2.0 Japan 2.5 1.5 -2.08.0 8.5 4.5 Six East Asian traders a 5.5 5.0 4.0

Growth in the volume of world merchandise trade by selected region and economy, 2000-2008

a Hong Kong, China; Malaysia; Republic of Korea; Singapore; Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (Taipei, Chinese) and Thailand.

Imports Exports

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2. Trade by region

Exports Imports

2000-08 2007 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Merchandise12 16 15 World 12 15 157 11 11 North America 7 6 86 12 12 United States 7 5 76 8 9 Canada 7 9 7

15 14 21 South and Central America 14 25 3017 17 23 Brazil 15 32 4417 15 -2 Chile 16 23 3112 16 11 Europe 12 16 1212 16 10 European Union (27) 12 16 1212 16 16 Switzerland 10 14 1422 21 35 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 25 35 3221 17 33 Russian Federation 26 36 3121 28 36 Ukraine 25 35 4118 18 28 Africa 17 24 2613 20 16 South Africa 16 12 1218 12 23 Nigeria a 22 35 4118 16 33 Middle East 17 24 2519 11 33 Saudi Arabia a 18 29 2821 24 28 United Arab Emirates a 21 32 2513 16 14 Asia 14 15 2024 26 17 China 22 21 186 10 9 Japan 9 7 23

Commercial services12 20 12 World 12 19 128 14 9 North America 8 9 78 16 10 United States 7 9 86 8 2 Canada 9 14 6

11 18 15 South and Central America 10 21 2016 26 27 Brazil 14 28 2812 30 16 Argentina 4 28 1913 21 11 Europe 12 19 1013 21 11 European Union (27) 12 19 1012 20 16 Switzerland 12 18 1022 27 28 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 22 30 2523 27 30 Russian Federation 21 32 2921 26 27 Ukraine 25 29 37... 23 13 Africa ... 30 1512 24 26 Egypt 11 27 25... 13 -8 South Africa ... 16 214 14 19 Middle East 17 30 196 10 13 Israel 7 20 118 8 ... Saudi Arabia 15 59 ...

14 21 14 Asia 12 18 1410 10 15 Japan 6 11 1322 33 20 China 20 29 22

a Secretariat estimates.

World merchandise trade and trade in commercial services by region and selected economy, 2008

Table I.3

(Annual percentage change)

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Table I.4

(Billion dollars and percentage)

OriginNorth

America

South and Central America Europe CIS Africa Middle East Asia World

ValueWorld 2708 583 6736 517 458 618 3903 15717North America 1014.5 164.9 369.1 16.0 33.6 60.2 375.5 2035.7South and Central America 169.2 158.6 121.3 9.0 16.8 11.9 100.6 599.7Europe 475.4 96.4 4695.0 240.0 185.5 188.6 486.5 6446.6Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 36.1 10.1 405.6 134.7 10.5 25.0 76.8 702.8Africa 121.6 18.5 218.1 1.5 53.4 14.0 113.9 557.8Middle East 116.5 6.9 125.5 7.2 36.6 122.1 568.9 1021.2Asia 775.0 127.3 801.0 108.4 121.3 196.4 2181.4 4353.0Share of regional trade flows in each region's total merchandise exportsWorld 17.2 3.7 42.9 3.3 2.9 3.9 24.8 100.0North America 49.8 8.1 18.1 0.8 1.7 3.0 18.4 100.0South and Central America 28.2 26.5 20.2 1.5 2.8 2.0 16.8 100.0Europe 7.4 1.5 72.8 3.7 2.9 2.9 7.5 100.0Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 5.1 1.4 57.7 19.2 1.5 3.6 10.9 100.0Africa 21.8 3.3 39.1 0.3 9.6 2.5 20.4 100.0Middle East 11.4 0.7 12.3 0.7 3.6 12.0 55.7 100.0Asia 17.8 2.9 18.4 2.5 2.8 4.5 50.1 100.0Share of regional trade flows in world merchandise exportsWorld 17.2 3.7 42.9 3.3 2.9 3.9 24.8 100.0North America 6.5 1.0 2.3 0.1 0.2 0.4 2.4 13.0South and Central America 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 3.8Europe 3.0 0.6 29.9 1.5 1.2 1.2 3.1 41.0Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.2 0.1 2.6 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.5 4.5Africa 0.8 0.1 1.4 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.7 3.5Middle East 0.7 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.8 3.6 6.5Asia 4.9 0.8 5.1 0.7 0.8 1.2 13.9 27.7

Intra- and inter-regional merchandise trade, 2008

Destination

Table I.5

(Percentage)

Destination World North

America

South and Central America Europe CIS Africa Middle East Asia

Origin

World 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0North America 13.0 37.5 28.3 5.5 3.1 7.3 9.7 9.6South and Central America 3.8 6.2 27.2 1.8 1.7 3.7 1.9 2.6Europe 41.0 17.6 16.6 69.7 46.4 40.5 30.5 12.5CIS 4.5 1.3 1.7 6.0 26.1 2.3 4.0 2.0Africa 3.5 4.5 3.2 3.2 0.3 11.7 2.3 2.9Middle East 6.5 4.3 1.2 1.9 1.4 8.0 19.8 14.6Asia 27.7 28.6 21.9 11.9 21.0 26.5 31.8 55.9

Shares of regional trade flows in world merchandise exports, 2008

Share

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Table I.6

1948 1953 1963 1973 1983 1993 2003 2008

Value

World 59 84 157 579 1838 3676 7377 15717 Share

World 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0North America 28.1 24.8 19.9 17.3 16.8 18.0 15.8 13.0

United States 21.7 18.8 14.9 12.3 11.2 12.6 9.8 8.2Canada 5.5 5.2 4.3 4.6 4.2 4.0 3.7 2.9Mexico 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.4 1.4 1.4 2.2 1.9

South and Central America 11.3 9.7 6.4 4.3 4.4 3.0 3.0 3.8Brazil 2.0 1.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.3Argentina 2.8 1.3 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Europe 35.1 39.4 47.8 50.9 43.5 45.4 45.9 41.0Germany a 1.4 5.3 9.3 11.6 9.2 10.3 10.2 9.3France 3.4 4.8 5.2 6.3 5.2 6.0 5.3 3.9Italy 11.3 9.0 7.8 5.1 4.0 4.6 4.1 3.4United Kingdom 1.8 1.8 3.2 3.8 5.0 4.9 4.1 2.9

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) b - - - - - - 2.6 4.5Africa 7.3 6.5 5.7 4.8 4.5 2.5 2.4 3.5

South Africa c 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.5Middle East 2.0 2.7 3.2 4.1 6.8 3.5 4.1 6.5Asia 14.0 13.4 12.5 14.9 19.1 26.1 26.2 27.7

China 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.2 2.5 5.9 9.1Japan 0.4 1.5 3.5 6.4 8.0 9.9 6.4 5.0India 2.2 1.3 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.1Australia and New Zealand 3.7 3.2 2.4 2.1 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.4Six East Asian traders 3.4 3.0 2.4 3.4 5.8 9.7 9.6 9.0

Memorandum item: EU d - - 27.5 38.6 31.3 37.4 42.4 37.5USSR, former 2.2 3.5 4.6 3.7 5.0 - - -GATT/WTO Members e 62.8 69.6 75.0 84.1 77.0 89.4 94.3 93.4

Note: Between 1973 and 1983 and between 1993 and 2003 export shares were significantly influenced by oil price developments.

World merchandise exports by region and selected economy, 1948, 1953, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003 and 2008

b Figures are significantly affected by i) changes in the country composition of the region and major adjustment in trade conversion factors between 1983 and 1993; and ii) including the mutual trade flows of the Baltic States and the CIS between 1993 and 2003.c Beginning with 1998, figures refer to South Africa only and no longer to the Southern African Customs Union.

e Membership as of the year stated.

a Figures refer to the Fed. Rep. of Germany from 1948 through 1983.

(Billion dollars and percentage)

d Figures refer to the EEC(6) in 1963, EC(9) in 1973, EC(10) in 1983, EU(12) in 1993, EU(25) in 2003 and EU(27) in 2008.

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Table I.7

1948 1953 1963 1973 1983 1993 2003 2008

Value World 62 85 164 595 1882 3787 7692 16127

Share

World 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0North America 18.5 20.5 16.1 17.2 18.5 21.4 22.5 18.1

United States 13.0 13.9 11.4 12.3 14.3 15.9 16.9 13.5Canada 4.4 5.5 3.9 4.2 3.4 3.7 3.2 2.6Mexico 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.7 1.8 2.3 2.0

South and Central America 10.4 8.3 6.0 4.4 3.8 3.3 2.5 3.7Brazil 1.8 1.6 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.7 1.1Argentina 2.5 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.4

Europe 45.3 43.7 52.0 53.3 44.2 44.6 45.0 42.3Germany a 2.2 4.5 8.0 9.2 8.1 9.0 7.9 7.5France 13.4 11.0 8.5 6.5 5.6 5.7 5.2 4.4United Kingdom 5.5 4.9 5.3 6.3 5.3 5.5 5.2 3.9Italy 2.5 2.8 4.6 4.7 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.4

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) b - - - - - - 1.7 3.1Africa 8.1 7.0 5.2 3.9 4.6 2.6 2.1 2.9

South Africa c 2.5 1.5 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.6Middle East 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.7 6.2 3.3 2.7 3.6Asia 13.9 15.1 14.1 14.9 18.5 23.6 23.5 26.4

China 0.6 1.6 0.9 0.9 1.1 2.7 5.4 7.0Japan 1.1 2.8 4.1 6.5 6.7 6.4 5.0 4.7India 2.3 1.4 1.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.8Australia and New Zealand 2.9 2.3 2.2 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5Six East Asian traders 3.5 3.7 3.1 3.7 6.1 10.3 8.6 8.9

Memorandum item: EU d - - 29.0 39.2 31.4 36.1 41.8 38.8USSR, former 1.9 3.3 4.3 3.5 4.3 - - -GATT/WTO Members e 52.9 66.0 74.2 89.1 79.8 89.5 96.1 95.8

Note: Between 1973 and 1983 and between 1993 and 2003 export shares were significantly influenced by oil price developments.

World merchandise imports by region and selected economy, 1948, 1953, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003 and 2008

b Figures are significantly affected by i) changes in the country composition of the region and major adjustment in trade conversion factors between 1983 and 1993; and ii) including the mutual trade flows of the Baltic States and the CIS between 1993 and 2003.c Beginning with 1998, figures refer to South Africa only and no longer to the Southern African Customs Union.

e Membership as of the year stated.

a Figures refer to the Fed. Rep. of Germany from 1948 through 1983.

(Billion dollars and percentage)

d Figures refer to the EEC(6) in 1963, EC(9) in 1973, EC(10) in 1983, EU(12) in 1993, EU(25) in 2003 and EU(27) in 2008.

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3. Leading traders

Rank Exporters Value Share

Annual percentage

change Rank Importers Value Share

Annual percentage

change

1 Germany 1461.9 9.1 11 1 United States 2169.5 13.2 72 China 1428.3 8.9 17 2 Germany 1203.8 7.3 143 United States 1287.4 8.0 12 3 China 1132.5 6.9 184 Japan 782.0 4.9 9 4 Japan 762.6 4.6 235 Netherlands 633.0 3.9 15 5 France 705.6 4.3 146 France 605.4 3.8 10 6 United Kingdom 632.0 3.8 17 Italy 538.0 3.3 8 7 Netherlands 573.2 3.5 168 Belgium 475.6 3.0 10 8 Italy 554.9 3.4 89 Russian Federation 471.6 2.9 33 9 Belgium 469.5 2.9 14

10 United Kingdom 458.6 2.9 4 10 Korea, Republic of 435.3 2.7 2211 Canada 456.5 2.8 9 11 Canada 418.3 2.5 712 Korea, Republic of 422.0 2.6 14 12 Spain 401.4 2.4 313 Hong Kong, China 370.2 2.3 6 13 Hong Kong, China 393.0 2.4 6

domestic exports 17.0 0.1 -6 retained imports 97.6 0.6 4 re-exports 353.3 2.2 714 Singapore 338.2 2.1 13 14 Mexico a 323.2 2.0 9

domestic exports 175.7 1.1 13 re-exports 162.5 1.0 1315 Saudi Arabia 313.4 2.0 33 15 Singapore 319.78 1.947 22

retained imports 157.306 0.958 3116 Mexico 291.7 1.8 7 16 India 293.4 1.8 3517 Spain 268.3 1.7 6 17 Russian Federation a 291.9 1.8 3118 Taipei, Chinese 255.6 1.6 4 18 Taipei, Chinese 240.4 1.5 1019 United Arab Emirates b 231.6 1.4 28 19 Poland 204.3 1.2 2320 Switzerland 200.3 1.2 16 20 Turkey 202.0 1.2 1921 Malaysia 199.5 1.2 13 21 Australia 200.3 1.2 2122 Brazil 197.9 1.2 23 22 Austria 183.4 1.1 1323 Australia 187.3 1.2 32 23 Switzerland 183.2 1.1 1424 Sweden 183.4 1.1 9 24 Brazil 182.4 1.1 4425 Austria 181.0 1.1 11 25 Thailand 178.7 1.1 2826 Thailand 177.8 1.1 17 26 Sweden 167.2 1.0 1027 India 177.5 1.1 21 27 United Arab Emirates b 165.6 1.0 2528 Norway 172.5 1.1 27 28 Malaysia 156.9 1.0 729 Poland 168.0 1.0 20 29 Czech Republic a 141.5 0.9 2030 Czech Republic 146.3 0.9 19 30 Indonesia 126.2 0.8 3631 Indonesia 139.3 0.9 18 31 Saudi Arabia 115.1 0.7 2832 Turkey 132.0 0.8 23 32 Denmark 110.8 0.7 1233 Ireland 124.1 0.8 2 33 Hungary 107.9 0.7 1334 Denmark 116.8 0.7 14 34 South Africa b 99.5 0.6 1235 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 113.4 0.7 28 35 Finland 91.8 0.6 1236 Hungary 107.7 0.7 13 36 Portugal 90.0 0.5 1537 Finland 96.5 0.6 7 37 Norway 89.3 0.5 1138 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 93.5 0.6 35 38 Ukraine 85.5 0.5 4139 Kuwait 87.1 0.5 39 39 Ireland 83.2 0.5 -140 South Africa 80.8 0.5 16 40 Romania 82.7 0.5 1841 Nigeria 80.8 0.5 23 41 Viet Nam 80.4 0.5 2842 Algeria 79.3 0.5 32 42 Greece 79.0 0.5 443 Kazakhstan 71.2 0.4 49 43 Slovak Republic a 73.4 0.4 2244 Slovak Republic 71.0 0.4 22 44 Israel 67.7 0.4 1545 Argentina 70.0 0.4 26 45 Chile 61.9 0.4 3146 Angola b 67.1 0.4 51 46 Philippines 60.3 0.4 447 Ukraine 67.0 0.4 36 47 Argentina 57.4 0.4 2848 Chile 66.5 0.4 -2 48 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 57.4 0.4 2849 Qatar b 63.8 0.4 52 49 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela a, b 49.6 0.3 850 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya b 63.1 0.4 34 50 Egypt 47.5 0.3 28

Total of above c 14871.8 92.5 - Total of above c 15002.2 91.4 - World c 16070.0 100.0 15 World c 16422.0 100.0 15

a Imports are valued f.o.b. b Secretariat estimates. c Includes significant re-exports or imports for re-export. Note: For annual data 1998-2008, see Appendix Tables A6 and A7.

Table I.8

Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade, 2008

(Billion dollars and percentage)

13

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IRank Exporters Value Share

Annual percentage

change Rank Importers Value Share

Annual percentage

change

1 Extra-EU (27) exports 1924.9 15.9 13 1 Extra-EU (27) imports 2282.2 18.3 162 China 1428.3 11.8 17 2 United States 2169.5 17.4 73 United States 1287.4 10.6 12 3 China 1132.5 9.1 184 Japan 782.0 6.5 9 4 Japan 762.6 6.1 235 Russian Federation 471.6 3.9 33 5 Korea, Republic of 435.3 3.5 226 Canada 456.5 3.8 9 6 Canada 418.3 3.4 77 Korea, Republic of 422.0 3.5 14 7 Hong Kong, China 393.0 3.2 6

retained imports 97.6 0.8 48 Hong Kong, China 370.2 3.1 6 8 Mexico a 323.2 2.6 9

domestic exports 17.0 0.1 -6 re-exports 353.3 2.9 79 Singapore 338.2 2.8 13 9 Singapore 319.8 2.6 22

domestic exports 175.7 1.5 13 retained imports 157.3 1.3 31 re-exports 162.5 1.3 1310 Saudi Arabia 313.4 2.6 33 10 India 293.4 2.4 3511 Mexico 291.7 2.4 7 11 Russian Federation a 291.9 2.3 3112 Taipei, Chinese 255.6 2.1 4 12 Taipei, Chinese 240.4 1.9 1013 United Arab Emirates b 231.6 1.9 28 13 Turkey 202.0 1.6 1914 Switzerland 200.3 1.7 16 14 Australia 200.3 1.6 2115 Malaysia 199.5 1.6 13 15 Switzerland 183.2 1.5 1416 Brazil 197.9 1.6 23 16 Brazil 182.4 1.5 4417 Australia 187.3 1.5 32 17 Thailand 178.7 1.4 2818 Thailand 177.8 1.5 17 18 United Arab Emirates b 165.6 1.3 2519 India 177.5 1.5 21 19 Malaysia 156.9 1.3 720 Norway 172.5 1.4 27 20 Indonesia 126.2 1.0 3621 Indonesia 139.3 1.2 18 21 Saudi Arabia 115.1 0.9 2822 Turkey 132.0 1.1 23 22 South Africa b 99.5 0.8 1223 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 113.4 0.9 28 23 Norway 89.3 0.7 1124 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 93.5 0.8 35 24 Ukraine 85.5 0.7 4125 Kuwait 87.1 0.7 39 25 Viet Nam 80.4 0.6 2826 South Africa 80.8 0.7 16 26 Israel 67.7 0.5 1527 Nigeria 80.8 0.7 23 27 Chile 61.9 0.5 3128 Algeria 79.3 0.7 32 28 Philippines 60.3 0.5 429 Kazakhstan 71.2 0.6 49 29 Argentina 57.4 0.5 2830 Argentina 70.0 0.6 26 30 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 57.4 0.5 2831 Angola b 67.1 0.6 51 31 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela a, b 49.6 0.4 832 Ukraine 67.0 0.6 36 32 Egypt 47.5 0.4 2833 Chile 66.5 0.5 -2 33 Pakistan 42.3 0.3 3034 Qatar b 63.8 0.5 52 34 Morocco 41.8 0.3 3035 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya b 63.1 0.5 34 35 Nigeria b 41.7 0.3 4136 Viet Nam 62.9 0.5 30 36 Colombia 39.7 0.3 2137 Israel 60.8 0.5 12 37 Belarus 39.5 0.3 3838 Iraq b 59.7 0.5 51 38 Algeria 39.5 0.3 4339 Philippines 49.0 0.4 -3 39 Kazakhstan 37.9 0.3 1640 Oman 37.7 0.3 53 40 New Zealand 34.4 0.3 1141 Colombia 37.6 0.3 25 41 Iraq b 31.2 0.3 4542 Belarus 32.9 0.3 36 42 Croatia 30.7 0.2 1943 Peru 31.5 0.3 13 43 Peru 30.0 0.2 4644 Azerbaijan 30.6 0.3 44 44 Qatar b 26.9 0.2 2245 New Zealand 30.6 0.3 14 45 Kuwait 24.9 0.2 2246 Egypt 24.0 0.2 25 46 Tunisia 24.6 0.2 2947 Pakistan 20.3 0.2 14 47 Bangladesh 23.8 0.2 2848 Morocco 20.1 0.2 31 48 Serbia 23.0 0.2 2449 Tunisia 19.3 0.2 27 49 Oman b 23.0 0.2 4350 Ecuador 18.5 0.2 29 50 Angola a, b 21.1 0.2 54 Total of above c 11697.0 96.7 - Total of above c 11904.8 95.6 -

World (excl. intra-EU (27)) c 12096.0 100.0 17 World (excl. intra-EU (27)) c 12449.0 100.0 17

a Imports are valued f.o.b. b Secretariat estimates. c Includes significant re-exports or imports for re-export. Note: For annual data 1998-2008, see Appendix Tables A6 and A7.

Table I.9

Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade (excluding intra-EU (27) trade), 2008

(Billion dollars and percentage)

14

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I Rank Exporters Value Share

Annual percentage

change Rank Importers Value Share

Annual percentage

change

1 United States 521.4 13.8 10 1 United States 367.9 10.5 82 United Kingdom 283.0 7.5 1 2 Germany 283.0 8.1 113 Germany 241.6 6.4 11 3 United Kingdom 196.2 5.6 04 France 160.5 4.2 11 4 Japan 167.4 4.8 135 China 146.4 3.9 20 5 China 158.0 4.5 226 Japan 146.4 3.9 15 6 France 139.4 4.0 87 Spain 142.6 3.8 12 7 Italy 131.7 3.8 118 Italy 121.9 3.2 10 8 Ireland 106.2 3.0 129 India 102.6 2.7 17 9 Spain 104.3 3.0 9

10 Netherlands 101.6 2.7 8 10 Korea, Republic of 91.8 2.6 1211 Ireland 99.2 2.6 12 11 Netherlands 90.8 2.6 812 Hong Kong, China 92.3 2.4 9 12 Canada 86.6 2.5 613 Belgium 86.1 2.3 16 13 India 83.6 2.4 1814 Singapore 82.9 2.2 3 14 Belgium 81.9 2.3 1715 Switzerland 75.2 2.0 16 15 Singapore 78.9 2.3 616 Korea, Republic of 74.1 2.0 20 16 Russian Federation 74.6 2.1 2917 Denmark 72.0 1.9 17 17 Denmark 62.3 1.8 1618 Sweden 71.6 1.9 13 18 Sweden 54.3 1.6 1319 Luxembourg 68.9 1.8 5 19 Thailand 46.3 1.3 2120 Canada 64.8 1.7 2 20 Hong Kong, China 45.8 1.3 821 Austria 61.7 1.6 12 21 Australia 45.5 1.3 1822 Russian Federation 50.7 1.3 30 22 Brazil 44.4 1.3 2823 Greece 50.4 1.3 17 23 Norway 43.9 1.3 1324 Australia 45.6 1.2 15 24 United Arab Emirates 42.8 1.2 2825 Norway 45.6 1.2 13 25 Austria 42.6 1.2 926 Poland 35.3 0.9 23 26 Luxembourg 40.7 1.2 727 Turkey 34.5 0.9 22 27 Switzerland 36.6 1.0 1028 Taipei, Chinese 33.6 0.9 8 28 Saudi Arabia a 34.6 1.0 ...29 Thailand 33.4 0.9 11 29 Taipei, Chinese 33.6 1.0 -230 Malaysia 29.3 0.8 4 30 Poland 29.9 0.9 2631 Brazil 28.8 0.8 27 31 Malaysia 29.1 0.8 532 Portugal 26.1 0.7 13 32 Indonesia a 27.9 0.8 ...33 Egypt 24.7 0.7 26 33 Mexico 24.7 0.7 634 Finland 24.2 0.6 5 34 Greece 24.4 0.7 2335 Israel 23.8 0.6 13 35 Finland 23.1 0.7 536 Czech Republic 22.2 0.6 29 36 Israel 19.6 0.6 1137 Hungary 20.0 0.5 18 37 Hungary 18.5 0.5 2038 Lebanon 18.9 0.5 46 38 Czech Republic 17.3 0.5 2139 Mexico 18.5 0.5 5 39 South Africa 16.5 0.5 240 Macao, China 18.1 0.5 25 40 Portugal 16.5 0.5 17

Total of above 3400.0 90.0 - Total of above 3065.0 87.8 -World 3780.0 100.0 12 World 3490.0 100.0 12

Leading exporters and importers in world trade in commercial services, 2008

Note : Figures for a number of countries and territories have been estimated by the Secretariat. Annual percentage changes and rankings are affected by continuity breaks in the series for a large number of economies, and by limitations in cross-country comparability. See the Metadata. For annual data 1998-2008, see Appendix Tables A8 and A9.

a Secretariat estimate.

Table I.10

(Billion dollars and percentage)

15

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IRank Exporters Value Share

Annual percentage

change Rank Importers Value Share

Annual percentage

change

1 Extra-EU (27) exports 743.2 26.9 11 1 Extra-EU (27) imports 620.7 23.9 132 United States 521.4 18.8 10 2 United States 367.9 14.2 83 China 146.4 5.3 20 3 Japan 167.4 6.4 134 Japan 146.4 5.3 15 4 China 158.0 6.1 225 India 102.6 3.7 17 5 Korea, Republic of 91.8 3.5 126 Hong Kong, China 92.3 3.3 9 6 Canada 86.6 3.3 67 Singapore 82.9 3.0 3 7 India 83.6 3.2 188 Switzerland 75.2 2.7 16 8 Singapore 78.9 3.0 69 Korea, Republic of 74.1 2.7 20 9 Russian Federation 74.6 2.9 29

10 Canada 64.8 2.3 2 10 Thailand 46.3 1.8 2111 Russian Federation 50.7 1.8 30 11 Hong Kong, China 45.8 1.8 812 Australia 45.6 1.6 15 12 Australia 45.5 1.8 1813 Norway 45.6 1.6 13 13 Brazil 44.4 1.7 2814 Turkey 34.5 1.2 22 14 Norway 43.9 1.7 1315 Taipei, Chinese 33.6 1.2 8 15 United Arab Emirates 42.8 1.6 2816 Thailand 33.4 1.2 11 16 Switzerland 36.6 1.4 1017 Malaysia 29.3 1.1 4 17 Saudi Arabia a 34.6 1.3 ...18 Brazil 28.8 1.0 27 18 Taipei, Chinese 33.6 1.3 -219 Egypt 24.7 0.9 26 19 Malaysia 29.1 1.1 520 Israel 23.8 0.9 13 20 Indonesia a 27.9 1.1 ...21 Lebanon 18.9 0.7 46 21 Mexico 24.7 1.0 622 Mexico 18.5 0.7 5 22 Israel 19.6 0.8 1123 Macao, China 18.1 0.7 25 23 South Africa 16.5 0.6 224 Ukraine 17.3 0.6 27 24 Egypt 16.3 0.6 2525 Croatia 15.2 0.5 21 25 Turkey 16.2 0.6 1526 Indonesia a 14.7 0.5 ... 26 Nigeria a 15.7 0.6 ...27 Morocco 12.4 0.4 8 27 Ukraine 15.1 0.6 3728 South Africa 12.2 0.4 -8 28 Lebanon 13.4 0.5 3429 Argentina 11.9 0.4 16 29 Angola a 13.0 0.5 ...30 Chile 10.6 0.4 20 30 Argentina 12.6 0.5 1931 Kuwait 10.3 0.4 13 31 Kuwait 12.1 0.5 1632 Philippines 10.2 0.4 4 32 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 12.0 0.5 1333 Cuba 9.1 0.3 6 33 Chile 11.1 0.4 1534 United Arab Emirates 9.0 0.3 21 34 Kazakhstan 10.8 0.4 -535 New Zealand 8.8 0.3 -3 35 New Zealand 9.5 0.4 636 Saudi Arabia a 8.8 0.3 ... 36 Pakistan 9.0 0.3 737 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 6.8 0.2 10 37 Viet Nam 8.6 0.3 2438 Nigeria a 6.6 0.2 ... 38 Philippines 8.5 0.3 1639 Viet Nam 6.3 0.2 4 39 Qatar a 7.9 0.3 ...40 Panama 5.8 0.2 19 40 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 7.8 0.3 8

Total of above 2630.0 95.1 - Total of above 2420.0 93.2 -World (excl. intra-EU (27)) 2765.0 100.0 13 World (excl. intra-EU (27)) 2595.0 100.0 13

Leading exporters and importers in world trade in commercial services (excluding intra-EU (27) trade), 2008

Note: Figures for a number of countries and territories have been estimated by the Secretariat . Annual percentage changes and rankings are affected by continuity breaks in the series for a large number of economies, and by limitations in cross-country comparability. See the Metadata. For annual data 1998-2008, see Appendix Tables A8 and A9.

a Secretariat estimate.

Table I.11

(Billion dollars and percentage)

16

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4. Bilateral trade of leading traders

Table I.12

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Destination Value Origin Value

2008 2000 2008 2007 2008 2008 2000 2008 2007 2008

Region Region World 456.5 100.0 100.0 8 9 World 418.3 100.0 100.0 9 7North America 360.6 87.7 79.0 5 7 North America 239.9 67.7 57.4 8 4Europe 39.8 5.1 8.7 31 4 Asia 80.9 14.5 19.3 12 7Asia 37.5 5.3 8.2 13 19 Europe 61.7 12.4 14.8 7 12South and Central America 8.1 1.0 1.8 23 31 South and Central America 13.2 1.8 3.2 11 1Middle East 4.4 0.4 1.0 32 41 Africa 12.9 0.8 3.1 14 49Africa 4.0 0.4 0.9 39 29 Middle East 6.1 0.7 1.5 3 40CIS 2.0 0.1 0.4 37 38 CIS 3.6 0.2 0.9 -1 85

Economy Economy United States 353.3 87.3 77.4 5 6 United States 219.1 64.4 52.4 7 4European Union (27) 34.0 4.7 7.5 26 5 European Union (27) 52.2 10.6 12.5 7 10Japan 10.5 2.2 2.3 4 22 China 41.2 3.2 9.8 18 12China 9.8 0.9 2.1 29 10 Mexico 17.3 3.4 4.1 14 5Mexico 5.5 0.5 1.2 20 19 Japan 14.8 4.7 3.5 7 0

Above 5 413.1 95.6 90.5 - - Above 5 344.4 86.2 82.3 - -Korea, Republic of 3.6 0.5 0.8 -3 29 Algeria 7.3 0.3 1.7 8 53Norway 2.7 0.2 0.6 106 -23 Norway 5.9 1.2 1.4 4 17Brazil 2.4 0.3 0.5 21 73 Korea, Republic of 5.7 1.4 1.4 -1 13India 2.3 0.1 0.5 13 36 Taipei, Chinese 3.7 1.4 0.9 6 3Australia 2.0 0.3 0.4 0 24 Canada 3.5 ... 0.8 17 1Hong Kong, China 1.7 0.3 0.4 2 16 Malaysia 2.8 0.7 0.7 5 1Taipei, Chinese 1.5 0.3 0.3 17 2 Switzerland 2.6 0.4 0.6 13 24Russian Federation 1.4 0.0 0.3 39 32 Angola 2.6 0.0 0.6 109 133Indonesia 1.4 0.2 0.3 31 48 Brazil 2.6 0.4 0.6 4 -19United Arab Emirates 1.3 0.1 0.3 51 29 Thailand 2.3 0.5 0.6 8 9Switzerland 1.2 0.1 0.3 44 -11 Peru 2.3 0.1 0.6 8 16Turkey 1.2 0.1 0.3 30 86 Saudi Arabia 2.2 0.3 0.5 15 26Saudi Arabia 1.0 0.1 0.2 33 50 Iraq 2.1 0.2 0.5 -4 50South Africa 0.9 0.1 0.2 27 19 India 2.1 0.3 0.5 9 12Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 0.8 0.2 0.2 3 18 Russian Federation 2.0 0.2 0.5 -10 40Algeria 0.8 0.1 0.2 110 76 Chile 1.7 0.2 0.4 -4 7Malaysia 0.8 0.1 0.2 20 43 Australia 1.6 0.4 0.4 18 -7Singapore 0.8 0.1 0.2 31 -9 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 1.3 0.4 0.3 30 -8Cuba 0.7 0.1 0.2 16 38 Singapore 1.2 0.4 0.3 60 -16Chile 0.7 0.1 0.1 69 -4 Israel 1.1 0.2 0.3 17 28Thailand 0.7 0.1 0.1 16 22 Azerbaijan 1.1 0.0 0.3 369 439Colombia 0.7 0.1 0.1 37 8 Indonesia 1.0 0.2 0.2 11 9Iran, Islamic Rep. of 0.6 0.2 0.1 -6 152 Viet Nam 0.9 0.1 0.2 23 27Egypt 0.6 0.0 0.1 -13 84 Nigeria 0.9 0.1 0.2 -58 221Gibraltar 0.6 0.0 0.1 32 1297 Cuba 0.8 0.1 0.2 78 -15Israel 0.6 0.1 0.1 1 38 South Africa 0.8 0.1 0.2 41 -21Philippines 0.5 0.1 0.1 21 23 Philippines 0.8 0.4 0.2 -18 8Pakistan 0.5 0.0 0.1 20 23 Turkey 0.7 0.1 0.2 -5 26New Zealand 0.4 0.0 0.1 11 14 Bangladesh 0.6 0.0 0.1 6 21Sri Lanka 0.4 0.0 0.1 3 61 Colombia 0.6 0.1 0.1 -22 37Peru 0.4 0.1 0.1 22 16 Argentina 0.6 0.1 0.1 -12 37Viet Nam 0.3 0.0 0.1 45 11 Suriname 0.6 0.0 0.1 97 52Morocco 0.3 0.1 0.1 53 27 New Zealand 0.5 0.1 0.1 10 -5Bangladesh 0.3 0.0 0.1 137 -21 Hong Kong, China 0.4 0.4 0.1 10 -12Trinidad and Tobago 0.3 0.0 0.1 19 23 Costa Rica 0.4 0.1 0.1 0 3

Above 40 449.2 99.7 98.4 - - Above 40 411.6 97.0 98.4 - -

b In 2008, Canada reported imports from Canada accounting for nearly 1 percent of its total merchandise imports. a Imports are valued f.o.b.

Merchandise trade of Canada by origin and destination, 2008

Annual percentage

change

Annual percentage

change Share Share

Exports Imports a

17

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Table I.13

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Destination Value Origin Value

2008 2000 2008 2007 2008 2008 2000 2008 2007 2008

Region Region World 1287.4 100.0 100.0 12 12 World 2169.5 100.0 100.0 5 7North America 413.2 37.0 32.1 6 7 Asia 762.4 37.8 35.1 5 1Asia 329.4 27.6 25.6 11 8 North America 559.0 29.4 25.8 5 5Europe 311.1 23.6 24.2 16 14 Europe 409.6 20.3 18.9 6 4South and Central America 135.0 7.5 10.5 21 28 South and Central America 167.4 6.2 7.7 1 18Middle East 55.0 2.4 4.3 21 22 Africa 117.3 2.3 5.4 14 23Africa 28.8 1.4 2.2 28 20 Middle East 115.3 3.2 5.3 8 44CIS 13.8 0.4 1.1 49 32 CIS 38.5 0.8 1.8 5 45

Economy Economy European Union (27) 271.8 21.6 21.1 15 11 European Union (27) 377.9 18.7 17.4 7 4Canada 260.9 22.6 20.3 8 5 China 356.6 8.5 16.4 11 5Mexico 151.2 14.3 11.7 2 11 Canada 339.1 18.5 15.6 3 7China 69.7 2.1 5.4 17 11 Mexico 218.6 10.9 10.1 6 3Japan 65.1 8.4 5.1 5 7 Japan 143.6 12.0 6.6 -2 -4

Above 5 818.8 68.9 63.6 - - Above 5 1435.8 68.6 66.2 - -Korea, Republic of 34.8 3.6 2.7 7 0 Saudi Arabia 57.0 1.2 2.6 12 53Brazil 32.3 2.0 2.5 28 34 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 52.6 1.6 2.4 7 28Singapore 28.8 2.3 2.2 6 10 Korea, Republic of 49.8 3.3 2.3 4 1Taipei, Chinese 25.3 3.1 2.0 14 -4 Nigeria 39.2 0.9 1.8 17 16Australia 22.4 1.6 1.7 8 17 Taipei, Chinese 37.7 3.4 1.7 0 -5Switzerland 22.0 1.3 1.7 18 29 Brazil 32.1 1.2 1.5 -3 18Hong Kong, China 21.6 1.9 1.7 13 8 Malaysia 31.6 2.1 1.5 -10 -6India 17.7 0.5 1.4 55 18 Russian Federation 27.9 0.6 1.3 -2 38United Arab Emirates 15.7 0.3 1.2 -3 36 India 27.0 0.9 1.2 9 7Israel 14.5 1.0 1.1 19 11 Thailand 24.6 1.4 1.1 0 3Malaysia 13.0 1.4 1.0 -7 11 Iraq 23.1 0.5 1.1 -3 94Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 12.6 0.7 1.0 13 24 Israel 22.6 1.0 1.0 9 7Saudi Arabia 12.5 0.8 1.0 33 20 Algeria 20.0 0.2 0.9 15 9Chile 12.1 0.4 0.9 22 46 Angola 19.5 0.3 0.9 6 51Colombia 11.4 0.5 0.9 28 34 Switzerland 18.2 0.8 0.8 3 20Turkey 10.4 0.5 0.8 15 59 Indonesia 16.7 0.9 0.8 6 10Russian Federation 9.3 0.3 0.7 55 28 Singapore 16.2 1.6 0.7 3 -14Thailand 9.1 0.9 0.7 4 7 Viet Nam 13.9 0.1 0.6 23 21Philippines 8.3 1.1 0.6 1 8 Colombia 13.8 0.6 0.6 2 38Argentina 7.5 0.6 0.6 23 29 Australia 10.9 0.5 0.5 5 22Dominican Republic 6.6 0.6 0.5 14 8 South Africa 10.1 0.3 0.5 20 9South Africa 6.5 0.4 0.5 24 18 Ecuador 9.5 0.2 0.4 -14 46Peru 6.2 0.2 0.5 41 50 Trinidad and Tobago 9.5 0.2 0.4 6 1Egypt 6.0 0.4 0.5 30 13 Philippines 9.1 1.1 0.4 -3 -7Indonesia 5.9 0.3 0.5 38 40 Chile 9.0 0.3 0.4 -5 -8Costa Rica 5.7 0.3 0.4 11 24 Norway 7.6 0.5 0.4 3 0Panama 4.9 0.2 0.4 38 32 Kuwait 7.4 0.2 0.3 3 72Honduras 4.8 0.3 0.4 21 9 Hong Kong, China 6.7 1.0 0.3 -12 -8Guatemala 4.7 0.2 0.4 16 16 Argentina 6.2 0.3 0.3 13 28Nigeria 4.1 0.1 0.3 25 47 Peru 6.1 0.2 0.3 -11 12Ecuador 3.4 0.1 0.3 8 18 Congo 5.2 0.0 0.2 0 63Norway 3.4 0.2 0.3 27 11 Turkey 5.0 0.3 0.2 -15 1Qatar 3.1 0.0 0.2 108 11 Azerbaijan 4.5 0.0 0.2 162 131Netherlands Antilles 3.0 0.1 0.2 40 42 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 4.4 ... 0.2 35 23Viet Nam 2.8 0.0 0.2 73 47 Honduras 4.2 0.3 0.2 5 3

Above 40 1231.3 97.1 95.6 - - Above 40 2094.8 96.5 96.6 - -

Annual percentage

change

Merchandise trade of the United States by origin and destination, 2008

Annual percentage

change Share Share

Exports Imports

18

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Table I.14

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Destination Value Origin Value

2008 2000 2008 2007 2008 2008 2000 2008 2007 2008

Region Region World 5898.4 100.0 100.0 16 10 World 6255.8 100.0 100.0 16 12Europe 4313.5 73.5 73.1 16 9 Europe 4298.9 69.2 68.7 16 10Asia 440.5 7.5 7.5 17 11 Asia 784.5 12.0 12.5 19 9North America 434.7 10.3 7.4 7 4 CIS 329.5 2.7 5.3 12 31CIS 218.3 1.3 3.7 33 25 North America 323.7 8.3 5.2 15 9Africa 171.8 2.4 2.9 22 24 Africa 214.2 2.9 3.4 12 30Middle East 156.1 2.2 2.6 17 18 South and Central America 128.6 1.7 2.1 17 17South and Central America 89.0 1.7 1.5 21 20 Middle East 111.0 1.9 1.8 7 19

Economy Economy European Union (27) 3973.5 68.0 67.4 16 9 European Union (27) 3973.5 64.5 63.5 16 9United States 362.7 8.9 6.1 6 2 China 363.7 2.7 5.8 30 15Russian Federation 153.2 0.8 2.6 34 27 United States 268.3 7.3 4.3 13 8Switzerland 143.7 2.7 2.4 15 13 Russian Federation 254.0 2.2 4.1 11 28China 113.7 1.0 1.9 23 17 Norway 135.3 1.7 2.2 6 29

Above 5 4746.7 81.4 80.5 - - Above 5 4994.7 78.4 79.8 - -Turkey 79.8 1.2 1.4 15 11 Switzerland 117.8 2.2 1.9 17 12Norway 64.3 1.0 1.1 24 8 Japan 109.9 3.3 1.8 11 2Japan 60.4 1.7 1.0 6 3 Turkey 67.5 0.7 1.1 23 5United Arab Emirates 46.6 0.5 0.8 16 27 Korea, Republic of 57.9 1.0 0.9 11 2India 45.6 0.5 0.8 32 15 Brazil 52.1 0.7 0.8 31 16Canada 38.4 0.8 0.7 6 8 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 50.3 0.5 0.8 15 34Korea, Republic of 37.7 0.6 0.6 18 11 India 43.2 0.5 0.7 28 19Brazil 37.6 0.6 0.6 30 32 Algeria 41.7 0.6 0.7 -7 48Australia 37.0 0.6 0.6 17 19 Taipei, Chinese 35.4 1.0 0.6 6 -1Ukraine 37.0 0.2 0.6 34 21 Canada 35.0 0.7 0.6 29 10Singapore 32.3 0.6 0.5 14 15 South Africa 32.3 0.5 0.5 23 14Mexico 32.0 0.5 0.5 20 13 Saudi Arabia 31.1 0.6 0.5 -14 23Saudi Arabia 31.3 0.5 0.5 25 14 Malaysia 25.8 0.7 0.4 11 4Hong Kong, China 31.0 0.8 0.5 6 8 Kazakhstan 25.6 0.1 0.4 5 39South Africa 28.9 0.4 0.5 12 5 Thailand 25.2 0.5 0.4 23 11Algeria 22.5 0.2 0.4 23 46 Singapore 23.8 0.6 0.4 4 -6Morocco 21.2 0.3 0.4 29 25 Nigeria 22.6 0.2 0.4 3 62Croatia 21.1 0.2 0.4 17 16 Ukraine 21.1 0.2 0.3 37 24Israel 20.7 0.6 0.4 12 6 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 21.1 0.3 0.3 5 11Egypt 18.7 0.3 0.3 25 31 Mexico 20.2 0.3 0.3 25 22Taipei, Chinese 17.1 0.6 0.3 10 -6 Indonesia 19.9 0.4 0.3 14 13Malaysia 17.0 0.3 0.3 21 9 Hong Kong, China 16.9 0.4 0.3 -2 12Iran, Islamic Rep. of 16.7 0.2 0.3 -2 21 Chile 16.6 0.2 0.3 10 -4Nigeria 16.5 0.2 0.3 32 42 Australia 16.5 0.3 0.3 15 2Tunisia 14.6 0.3 0.2 19 12 Israel 16.5 0.4 0.3 24 6Serbia 13.3 ... 0.2 51 21 Azerbaijan 15.5 0.0 0.2 47 54Thailand 12.5 0.3 0.2 18 15 Argentina 15.5 0.2 0.2 26 32Qatar 9.7 0.1 0.2 34 13 Tunisia 14.0 0.2 0.2 29 13Belarus 9.4 0.1 0.2 20 41 Iraq 13.4 0.2 0.2 48 44Argentina 8.9 0.2 0.2 34 9 Viet Nam 12.6 0.2 0.2 25 17Indonesia 8.8 0.2 0.1 19 18 Morocco 12.3 0.2 0.2 22 11Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 8.4 0.1 0.1 23 48 Egypt 11.9 0.1 0.2 0 23Kazakhstan 8.3 0.1 0.1 32 1 Angola 11.4 0.1 0.2 111 99Angola 7.8 0.0 0.1 44 41 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 9.3 0.1 0.1 -3 25Chile 7.5 0.1 0.1 22 15 Belarus 8.9 0.0 0.1 7 49

Above 40 5667.5 96.2 96.1 - - Above 40 6065.5 96.5 97.0 - -

a The figures are affected by the "INTRASTAT" system of recording trade between EU member States. Intra-EU (27) imports are underrecorded. To compensate for this under-recording, intra-EU (27) exports have been used to obtain total (World) imports.

Exports Imports

Merchandise trade of the European Union (27) by origin and destination, 2008

Annual percentage

change

Annual percentage

change Share Share

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Table I.15

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Destination Value Origin Value

2008 2000 2008 2007 2008 2008 2000 2008 2007 2008

Region Region World 782.0 100.0 100.0 10 9 World 762.6 100.0 100.0 7 23Asia 406.2 43.3 51.9 12 13 Asia 361.1 46.4 47.4 7 19North America 158.1 32.7 20.2 0 -4 Middle East 166.7 13.0 21.9 5 46Europe 119.3 17.8 15.3 12 6 North America 94.3 22.0 12.4 5 12Middle East 34.0 2.0 4.4 37 30 Europe 79.6 13.9 10.4 9 10CIS 19.3 0.2 2.5 51 54 South and Central America 22.2 2.2 2.9 21 13South and Central America 19.2 1.7 2.5 25 28 Africa 21.4 1.3 2.8 14 40Africa 12.5 0.9 1.6 22 19 CIS 14.8 1.3 1.9 57 28

Economy Economy China 146.2 8.9 18.7 16 13 China 143.3 14.5 18.8 8 12United States 137.4 30.0 17.6 -1 -4 United States 77.7 19.1 10.2 4 9European Union (27) 110.2 16.8 14.1 12 5 European Union (27) 70.3 12.6 9.2 9 8Korea, Republic of 59.5 6.4 7.6 8 9 Saudi Arabia 51.1 3.7 6.7 -5 45Taipei, Chinese 46.1 7.5 5.9 2 3 Australia 47.5 3.9 6.2 12 52

Above 5 499.4 69.6 63.9 - - Above 5 389.9 53.8 51.1 - -Hong Kong, China a 40.3 - - 7 4 United Arab Emirates 47.1 3.9 6.2 2 45Thailand 29.4 2.8 3.8 12 15 Indonesia 32.6 4.3 4.3 10 23Singapore 26.6 4.3 3.4 13 22 Korea, Republic of 29.5 5.4 3.9 0 8Australia 17.3 1.8 2.2 14 22 Qatar 26.6 1.5 3.5 14 57Russian Federation 16.5 0.1 2.1 53 53 Malaysia 23.2 3.8 3.0 12 33Malaysia 16.4 2.9 2.1 14 9 Taipei, Chinese 21.8 4.7 2.9 -2 10Indonesia 12.6 1.6 1.6 23 39 Thailand 20.8 2.8 2.7 9 13Panama 10.9 1.3 1.4 7 26 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 18.3 1.4 2.4 14 45United Arab Emirates 10.8 0.5 1.4 33 35 Kuwait 15.3 1.3 2.0 9 54Canada 10.8 1.6 1.4 6 2 Russian Federation 13.3 1.2 1.7 59 26Philippines 10.0 2.1 1.3 5 5 Canada 12.8 2.3 1.7 4 28Mexico 9.9 1.1 1.3 11 -3 Viet Nam 9.1 0.7 1.2 16 49India 7.9 0.5 1.0 39 28 South Africa 9.0 0.8 1.2 17 16Saudi Arabia 7.9 0.6 1.0 45 17 Brazil 8.7 0.8 1.1 18 45Viet Nam 7.8 0.4 1.0 37 38 Philippines 8.4 1.9 1.1 10 -3Brazil 5.9 0.5 0.8 31 48 Chile 7.9 0.7 1.0 12 -3South Africa 4.6 0.4 0.6 14 1 Singapore 7.9 1.7 1.0 -6 12Switzerland 4.3 0.4 0.6 25 44 Switzerland 6.4 0.9 0.8 2 23Oman 3.9 0.2 0.5 46 56 Oman 5.6 0.5 0.7 34 56Turkey 3.1 0.3 0.4 15 13 India 5.2 0.7 0.7 3 26Chile 2.7 0.1 0.4 45 74 Brunei Darussalam 4.5 0.4 0.6 7 81New Zealand 2.5 0.3 0.3 19 1 Sudan 4.3 0.1 0.6 -11 59Israel 2.2 0.3 0.3 58 15 Mexico 3.8 0.6 0.5 12 21Kuwait 2.1 0.1 0.3 40 26 New Zealand 2.9 0.6 0.4 6 8Ukraine 2.0 0.0 0.3 61 87 Peru 2.1 0.1 0.3 69 -5Qatar 2.0 0.1 0.3 26 9 Norway 2.1 0.3 0.3 37 24Iran, Islamic Rep. of 1.9 0.1 0.2 14 42 Nigeria 1.8 0.1 0.2 -18 168Egypt 1.9 0.2 0.2 13 44 Egypt 1.6 0.0 0.2 111 91Bahamas 1.8 0.1 0.2 2 45 Hong Kong, China 1.6 0.4 0.2 -5 7Pakistan 1.5 0.1 0.2 -11 -7 Iraq 1.5 0.2 0.2 12 49Norway 1.3 0.2 0.2 -31 18 Equatorial Guinea 1.1 0.0 0.1 82 94Colombia 1.1 0.1 0.1 29 -15 Algeria 1.0 0.0 0.1 200 160Algeria 1.1 0.0 0.1 96 24 Israel 0.9 0.2 0.1 8 2Argentina 1.0 0.2 0.1 27 18 Papua New Guinea 0.9 0.1 0.1 27 8Peru 1.0 0.1 0.1 44 79 Kazakhstan 0.8 0.0 0.1 20 111

Above 40 a 782.5 - - - - Above 40 750.3 98.5 98.4 - -

a Includes significant shipments recorded as exports to Hong Kong, China with China as final destination.

Merchandise trade of Japan by origin and destination, 2008

Annual percentage

change

Annual percentage

change Share Share

Exports Imports

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Table I.16

(Million dollars and percentage)

Value Share Value Share

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

European Union (27) World 1586629 100.0 14 13 21 World 1371589 100.0 12 10 19European Union (27) 918349 57.9 14 13 20 European Union (27) 823565 60.0 12 10 19United States 186557 11.8 10 11 14 United States 168917 12.3 9 5 14Switzerland 83728 5.3 14 8 26 Switzerland 58615 4.3 13 4 26Japan 26376 1.7 5 -4 14 Japan 18427 1.3 13 11 14Russian Federation 25930 1.6 32 20 43 China 18386 1.3 27 28 26

Above 5 1240938 78.2 - - - Above 5 1087911 79.3 - - -Norway 25875 1.6 16 13 27 Russian Federation 16020 1.2 18 11 19China 24001 1.5 30 9 45 Norway 15977 1.2 11 11 22Canada 15768 1.0 16 18 23 Turkey 15897 1.2 9 -4 21Singapore 15491 1.0 19 24 19 Canada 12762 0.9 15 16 24Australia 14617 0.9 19 10 28 Hong Kong, China 10919 0.8 20 18 34India 12754 0.8 42 38 45 Singapore 9548 0.7 16 10 29Hong Kong, China 11218 0.7 9 -15 28 India 9333 0.7 23 15 32Korea, Republic of 9804 0.6 13 16 16 Australia 8378 0.6 10 4 14Turkey 8813 0.6 23 25 21 Egypt 7590 0.6 13 -1 23Brazil 8693 0.5 24 15 33 Croatia 6599 0.5 16 9 12

Above 15 1387972 87.5 - - - Above 15 1200934 87.6 - - -United States

World 472680 100.0 13 13 16 World 341673 100.0 10 12 9European Union (27) 176509 37.3 ... ... ... European Union (27) 133350 39.0 ... ... ...Canada 42238 8.9 13 14 15 Canada 24617 7.2 6 8 4Japan 39615 8.4 4 -1 -2 Japan 24509 7.2 7 7 3Mexico 23397 4.9 10 6 10 Bermuda 16554 4.8 3 20 2Switzerland 15459 3.3 14 13 22 Mexico 15627 4.6 5 4 6

Above 5 297218 62.9 - - - Above 5 214658 62.8 - - -China 13964 3.0 23 27 24 Switzerland 14949 4.4 20 19 11Korea, Republic of 12518 2.6 11 17 4 India 9616 2.8 50 52 26Australia 10287 2.2 15 14 22 China 8770 2.6 14 16 14Brazil 9683 2.0 26 29 31 Taipei, Chinese 7171 2.1 8 5 4India 9208 1.9 28 32 37 Hong Kong, China 6887 2.0 13 14 12Singapore 7114 1.5 9 40 -11 Korea, Republic of 6563 1.9 6 6 2Bermuda 6956 1.5 16 26 10 Australia 5958 1.7 15 5 22Taipei, Chinese 6869 1.5 8 17 -7 Brazil 4028 1.2 28 58 21Hong Kong, China 5704 1.2 18 18 18 Singapore 3921 1.1 12 0 6Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 3823 0.8 17 17 26 Israel 3082 0.9 13 7 21

Above 15 383344 81.1 - - - Above 15 285603 83.6 - - -Japan

World 127060 100.0 12 13 10 World 148685 100.0 7 9 11United States 33478 26.3 ... ... 7 United States 42658 28.7 ... ... 3European Union (27) 32940 25.9 ... ... ... European Union (27) 32671 22.0 ... ... ...Singapore 9943 7.8 ... ... 16 China 8071 5.4 ... ... 15Taipei, Chinese 9001 7.1 ... ... 19 Singapore 7953 5.3 ... ... 21China 8155 6.4 ... ... 8 Korea, Republic of 7142 4.8 ... ... 9

Above 5 93517 73.6 - - - Above 5 98494 66.2 - - -Korea, Republic of 7412 5.8 ... ... 33 Hong Kong, China 5881 4.0 ... ... 10Thailand 4217 3.3 ... ... 14 Taipei, Chinese 4148 2.8 ... ... 14Canada 2092 1.6 ... ... -3 Australia 3711 2.5 ... ... 17Switzerland 1723 1.4 ... ... 18 Switzerland 2897 1.9 ... ... 30Australia 1648 1.3 ... ... 2 Thailand 2780 1.9 ... ... 5Indonesia 1581 1.2 ... ... -14 United Arab Emirates 1917 1.3 ... ... 40Philippines 1368 1.1 ... ... 39 Philippines 1730 1.2 ... ... 6Saudi Arabia 1215 1.0 ... ... 44 Canada 1640 1.1 ... ... 11India 1170 0.9 ... ... 55 Indonesia 1622 1.1 ... ... 8United Arab Emirates 1019 0.8 ... ... -32 Malaysia 1318 0.9 ... ... 20

Above 15 116960 92.1 - - - Above 15 126138 84.8 - - -

Trade in commercial services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2007

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

Exports Imports

21

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Table I.16 (continued)

(Million dollars and percentage)

Value Share Value Share

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

Hong Kong, China a World 84643 100.0 15 14 16 World 42450 100.0 11 9 15China 20698 24.5 11 7 17 China 11271 26.6 10 8 14United States 17829 21.1 17 19 16 European Union (27) 7236 17.0 ... ... ...European Union (27) 15530 18.3 ... ... ... United States 6236 14.7 11 8 14Japan 5762 6.8 13 15 12 Japan 3498 8.2 9 7 12Taipei, Chinese 4640 5.5 5 3 -1 Singapore 2367 5.6 26 36 21

Above 5 64459 76.2 - - - Above 5 30608 72.1 - - -Singapore 2498 3.0 18 16 25 Australia 2219 5.2 5 2 6Korea, Republic of 2247 2.7 18 30 17 Taipei, Chinese 1653 3.9 10 7 13Australia 2128 2.5 27 28 10 Canada 1182 2.8 7 3 19Canada 1386 1.6 15 12 22 Thailand 1001 2.4 2 5 1Switzerland 1055 1.2 20 14 47 Korea, Republic of 743 1.8 -2 -14 8Malaysia 1038 1.2 15 12 23 Malaysia 662 1.6 17 16 22Thailand 802 0.9 12 6 3 Macao, China 597 1.4 10 8 19India 692 0.8 10 15 12 India 570 1.3 31 23 33Indonesia 662 0.8 27 26 24 United Arab Emirates 413 1.0 27 31 10Philippines 624 0.7 21 -9 31 Philippines 404 1.0 7 2 13

Above 15 77591 91.7 - - - Above 15 40052 94.4 - - -Singapore b, c

World 80490 100.0 20 20 26 World 74687 100.0 15 17 16United States 10044 12.5 22 27 23 United States 13191 17.7 11 6 18European Union (27) 9987 12.4 ... ... ... European Union (27) 10988 14.7 ... ... ...Japan 6456 8.0 14 16 17 Japan 3722 5.0 8 42 -9China 4318 5.4 24 15 52 Hong Kong, China 2323 3.1 23 31 26Hong Kong, China 3560 4.4 20 11 28 China 2092 2.8 17 13 41

Above 5 34367 42.7 - - - Above 5 32317 43.3 - - -Australia 3324 4.1 18 17 15 Australia 1641 2.2 18 22 34Korea, Republic of 2704 3.4 16 5 26 India 1248 1.7 26 28 27Indonesia 2647 3.3 12 24 9 Switzerland 1206 1.6 17 7 35Malaysia 2609 3.2 14 10 29 Malaysia 1021 1.4 14 12 25India 2458 3.1 25 23 36 Korea, Republic of 1020 1.4 15 10 20Switzerland 2188 2.7 18 12 44 Indonesia 841 1.1 4 0 15Thailand 1908 2.4 13 7 17 Thailand 765 1.0 12 1 17Taipei, Chinese 1616 2.0 15 15 15 Taipei, Chinese 713 1.0 21 8 37United Arab Emirates 1233 1.5 20 26 33 Norway 517 0.7 16 -18 34Viet Nam 974 1.2 39 15 95 United Arab Emirates 343 0.5 17 15 32

Above 15 56028 69.6 - - - Above 15 41631 55.7 - - -Canada d

World 59014 100.0 ... 8 ... World 71919 100.0 ... 11 ...United States 31867 54.0 ... 3 ... United States 41176 57.3 ... 7 ...European Union (27) e 10842 18.4 ... ... ... European Union (27) e 12037 16.7 ... ... ...Bermuda 1576 2.7 ... 24 ... Japan 2490 3.5 ... 25 ...Japan 1324 2.2 ... 4 ... Hong Kong, China 1562 2.2 ... 8 ...Switzerland 1064 1.8 ... 81 ... Bermuda 1311 1.8 ... 7 ...

Above 5 46674 79.1 - - - Above 5 58575 81.4 - - -Hong Kong, China 1047 1.8 ... 36 ... Switzerland 1297 1.8 ... 36 ...China 986 1.7 ... 18 ... Mexico 1060 1.5 ... 5 ...Barbados 741 1.3 ... -19 ... Barbados 1035 1.4 ... 8 ...Australia 667 1.1 ... 7 ... China 1009 1.4 ... 47 ...Korea, Republic of 636 1.1 ... 16 ... Singapore 934 1.3 ... 23 ...Mexico 562 1.0 ... 3 ... Australia 575 0.8 ... 27 ...Taipei, Chinese 373 0.6 ... 8 ... Russian Federation 371 0.5 ... 11 ...Singapore 366 0.6 ... 29 ... Korea, Republic of 358 0.5 ... 33 ...Brazil 321 0.5 ... 29 ... Norway 357 0.5 ... 6 ...India 320 0.5 ... 20 ... India 355 0.5 ... 35 ...

Above 15 52694 89.3 - - - Above 15 65926 91.7 - - -

Trade in commercial services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2007

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

Exports Imports

22

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Table I.16 (continued)

(Million dollars and percentage)

Value Share Value Share

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

Korea, Republic of f World 61729 100.0 15 11 28 World 82108 100.0 18 17 21United States 14983 24.3 13 6 27 United States 22174 27.0 17 22 12European Union (27) 10983 17.8 ... ... ... European Union (27) 16775 20.4 ... ... ...China 8943 14.5 21 17 33 Japan 9813 12.0 16 13 19Japan 6701 10.9 0 -2 4 China 8841 10.8 22 18 18

Above 4 41611 67.4 - - - Above 4 57603 70.2 - - -Australia

World 39728 100.0 13 7 22 World 38614 100.0 12 6 22European Union (27) 7271 18.3 ... ... ... European Union (27) 8486 22.0 10 3 17United States 4738 11.9 13 12 16 United States 6828 17.7 14 8 27China 3273 8.2 21 8 32 Singapore 3488 9.0 15 8 19New Zealand 2849 7.2 11 -1 24 New Zealand 1955 5.1 8 4 18Singapore 2640 6.6 16 11 24 Japan 1638 4.2 4 -7 12

Above 5 20771 52.3 - - - Above 5 22395 58.0 - - -Japan 2271 5.7 -2 -4 -3 Hong Kong, China 1389 3.6 8 -3 17India 1722 4.3 41 21 49 Thailand 1302 3.4 27 30 44Korea, Republic of 1553 3.9 23 20 25 China 1018 2.6 8 -13 28Hong Kong, China 1320 3.3 4 -2 10 Switzerland 867 2.2 4 -10 14Malaysia 1105 2.8 10 -4 23 Malaysia 812 2.1 15 1 31Indonesia 711 1.8 3 -3 20 Fiji 592 1.5 6 3 3Thailand 665 1.7 14 6 31 Canada 591 1.5 12 -4 28Canada 618 1.6 19 30 19 Indonesia 546 1.4 -8 -44 46Switzerland 490 1.2 17 -2 49 Viet Nam 418 1.1 16 6 33Taipei, Chinese 432 1.1 7 -3 18 Korea, Republic of 393 1.0 18 11 34

Above 15 31660 79.7 - - - Above 15 30321 78.5 - - -Russian Federation g

World 39119 100.0 24 25 27 World 57684 100.0 21 16 32European Union (27) 15680 40.1 22 20 30 European Union (27) 25248 43.8 23 14 32United States 3184 8.1 22 22 20 Turkey 5365 9.3 23 13 36Kazakhstan 1786 4.6 43 52 65 United States 3078 5.3 12 30 25Ukraine 1757 4.5 ... 38 15 Ukraine 2458 4.3 ... -5 26Turkey 1541 3.9 34 37 22 Egypt 1687 2.9 32 33 29

Above 5 23947 61.2 - - - Above 5 37835 65.6 - - -Switzerland 1240 3.2 15 17 -3 Switzerland 1461 2.5 16 18 27British Virgin Islands 955 2.4 39 18 61 China 1366 2.4 15 14 24Uzbekistan 952 2.4 ... 117 100 Panama 832 1.4 29 12 25China 869 2.2 11 28 4 Kazakhstan 765 1.3 22 18 24Tajikistan 690 1.8 67 172 52 Belarus 668 1.2 18 16 36Japan 583 1.5 11 16 -5 United Arab Emirates 657 1.1 18 26 23Canada 549 1.4 67 225 46 Serbia 523 0.9 ... ... ...Korea, Republic of 510 1.3 14 20 13 Thailand 467 0.8 41 107 60Belarus 479 1.2 25 35 22 Israel 445 0.8 15 -6 22Moldova 323 0.8 ... 82 41 Korea, Republic of 372 0.6 24 38 4

Above 15 31097 79.5 - - - Above 15 45391 78.7 - - -

e Excluding Bulgaria and Romania. f In 2007 trade in commercial services not allocated geographically accounted for 10 per cent of exports and 8 per cent of imports.g In 2007 trade in commercial services not allocated geographically accounted for 8 per cent of exports and 13 per cent of imports.Note: For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.

a Financial intermediation services are not allocated geographically. In 2007, they represented 2 per cent of exports, and 0.3 per cent of imports.b The following transactions are not allocated geographically: travel exports and imports; financial services exports related to foreign exchange trading; imports of freight transportation services and, insurance on goods imports. Overall, they represent 12 per cent of commercial services exports, and 32 per cent of imports.c ASEAN countries accounted for 12 per cent of total commercial services exports and 5 per cent of imports.d 2006 instead of 2007. The geographical breakdown includes government services n.i.e. In 2006, they represented 3 per cent of services exports, and 1 per cent of imports.

Trade in commercial services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2007

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

Exports Imports

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5. Regional Trade Agreements

Table I.17

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Destination Value Value Value

2008 2000 2008 2007 2008 2008 2000 2008 2007 2008 2008 2000 2008 2007 2008

Exports Canada

Agricultural products 54 12.6 11.9 10 11 30 9.2 8.4 4 4 24 36.4 24.8 21 21Fuels and mining products 161 17.5 35.3 16 30 137 18.0 38.0 12 32 24 13.7 25.3 43 21Manufactures 214 63.5 46.9 4 -5 173 65.8 48.1 2 -7 41 47.2 42.5 18 6Total exports 456 100.0 100.0 8 9 360 100.0 100.0 5 7 96 100.0 100.0 24 15

MexicoAgricultural products 18 5.5 6.2 7 16 14 4.9 5.8 4 11 4 10.9 8.0 25 36Fuels and mining products 58 11.0 20.0 12 16 47 9.5 19.5 9 19 12 24.4 22.6 23 7Manufactures 213 83.3 72.9 8 4 179 85.6 74.2 5 1 34 63.1 67.2 28 23Total exports 292 100.0 100.0 9 7 241 100.0 100.0 6 5 51 100.0 100.0 28 21

United StatesAgricultural products 140 9.1 10.9 23 23 40 6.6 9.6 15 19 100 10.6 11.5 26 25Fuels and mining products 126 3.6 9.8 20 49 42 4.6 10.2 15 41 84 3.0 9.6 22 54Manufactures 963 83.0 74.8 10 7 318 85.4 77.0 4 3 645 81.6 73.7 13 10Total exports 1287 100.0 100.0 12 12 412 100.0 100.0 6 7 875 100.0 100.0 15 15

NAFTAAgricultural products 212 9.4 10.4 18 19 84 7.2 8.3 9 12 128 12.2 12.6 25 24Fuels and mining products 346 7.7 17.0 17 34 226 10.4 22.3 12 31 120 4.3 11.8 27 40Manufactures 1390 78.6 68.3 8 5 669 78.5 66.1 3 0 720 78.8 70.5 14 10Total exports 2036 100.0 100.0 11 11 1013 100.0 100.0 5 7 1022 100.0 100.0 17 15

ImportsCanada

Agricultural products 31 6.4 7.4 14 10 20 6.3 8.2 16 11 11 6.5 6.4 12 9Fuels and mining products 65 7.7 15.5 10 33 26 4.3 10.7 15 36 39 15.0 22.1 8 30Manufactures 308 83.6 73.7 7 2 186 87.5 77.6 6 -1 122 75.4 68.4 10 8Total imports 418 100.0 100.0 9 7 240 100.0 100.0 8 4 178 100.0 100.0 10 12

MexicoAgricultural products 27 6.1 8.4 19 18 22 6.8 13.0 19 21 5 4.2 3.4 19 7Fuels and mining products 40 4.9 12.4 23 37 25 5.0 14.6 17 44 15 4.7 10.0 33 29Manufactures 251 83.4 77.6 2 11 121 86.6 71.8 1 5 129 74.6 83.9 2 18Total imports 323 100.0 100.0 10 9 169 100.0 100.0 7 9 154 100.0 100.0 14 10

United StatesAgricultural products 116 5.5 5.3 6 6 41 7.6 7.4 5 4 75 4.6 4.6 6 7Fuels and mining products 558 13.3 25.7 8 30 179 14.8 32.0 6 30 379 12.7 23.5 8 30Manufactures 1417 76.9 65.3 4 1 309 71.2 55.4 4 -5 1107 79.3 68.7 5 2Total imports 2169 100.0 100.0 5 7 559 100.0 100.0 5 5 1611 100.0 100.0 6 8

NAFTAAgricultural products 174 5.7 6.0 9 8 83 7.1 8.5 10 10 92 4.7 4.7 8 7Fuels and mining products 663 11.6 22.8 9 31 229 10.2 23.7 8 32 434 12.5 22.3 9 30Manufactures 1976 78.6 67.9 5 2 617 78.3 63.7 4 -2 1359 78.7 69.9 5 4Total imports 2911 100.0 100.0 6 8 968 100.0 100.0 6 5 1943 100.0 100.0 7 9

NAFTA Other origin/destinationAnnual

percentage change

Merchandise trade of NAFTA countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2008

Annual percentage

change Share Share Share

Annual percentage

change

World

24

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Table I.18

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Destination Value Value Value

2008 2000 2008 2007 2008 2008 2000 2008 2007 2008 2008 2000 2008 2007 2008

Exports Argentina

Agricultural products 37.5 45.4 53.6 35 30 3.7 28.4 23.2 29 24 33.8 53.4 62.7 36 31Fuels and mining products 8.8 20.6 12.6 -9 8 2.4 22.9 15.0 16 8 6.4 19.5 11.9 -16 7Manufactures 21.6 32.4 30.8 17 25 10.0 48.7 61.8 27 39 11.6 24.7 21.5 11 15Total exports 70.0 100.0 100.0 20 26 16.1 100.0 100.0 25 29 53.9 100.0 100.0 18 24

BrazilAgricultural products 61.4 28.1 31.0 22 27 1.1 10.5 5.3 26 21 60.2 30.9 34.2 22 27Fuels and mining products 44.0 11.8 22.2 22 37 2.5 5.7 11.3 25 34 41.6 12.8 23.6 21 37Manufactures 86.4 57.5 43.7 9 15 18.1 83.7 83.4 21 27 68.3 53.2 38.8 7 13Total exports 197.9 100.0 100.0 17 23 21.7 100.0 100.0 24 25 176.2 100.0 100.0 16 23

ParaguayAgricultural products 4.0 80.2 90.5 50 69 1.9 83.2 88.6 54 67 2.1 75.0 92.1 47 71Fuels and mining products 0.0 0.5 0.7 14 25 0.0 0.5 1.1 23 44 0.0 0.3 0.3 0 -13Manufactures 0.3 19.3 7.8 26 -9 0.2 16.5 10.3 34 -9 0.1 24.4 5.6 15 -9Total exports 4.4 100.0 100.0 46 59 2.1 100.0 100.0 50 53 2.3 100.0 100.0 43 65

UruguayAgricultural products 4.1 55.7 69.3 12 44 0.6 41.2 37.7 28 37 3.5 67.3 81.0 9 45Fuels and mining products 0.2 2.0 3.6 30 -4 0.1 4.1 5.6 373 -13 0.1 0.3 2.9 -20 4Manufactures 1.5 41.4 25.9 15 15 0.9 54.6 56.7 22 29 0.6 30.8 14.6 7 0Total exports 5.9 100.0 100.0 13 32 1.6 100.0 100.0 32 28 4.3 100.0 100.0 7 33

MERCOSURAgricultural products 107.0 34.7 38.5 27 30 7.4 23.0 17.7 33 33 99.7 37.9 42.1 26 30Fuels and mining products 53.1 14.1 19.1 14 31 5.0 13.6 12.0 22 19 48.1 14.3 20.3 13 32Manufactures 109.9 48.8 39.5 11 17 29.2 63.3 70.3 23 30 80.6 45.0 34.1 8 13Total exports 278.3 100.0 100.0 18 24 41.6 100.0 100.0 26 28 236.8 100.0 100.0 16 24

ImportsArgentina

Agricultural products 3.2 6.5 5.6 59 46 2.1 9.2 10.5 86 61 1.1 5.5 3.0 31 23Fuels and mining products 6.3 6.2 10.9 41 51 2.0 9.3 10.0 36 21 4.2 5.0 11.4 44 72Manufactures 46.3 87.1 80.7 29 22 16.2 81.5 79.5 22 23 30.2 89.4 81.3 32 21Total imports 57.4 100.0 100.0 31 28 20.3 100.0 100.0 27 26 37.1 100.0 100.0 33 30

BrazilAgricultural products 10.2 8.5 5.6 32 34 4.6 34.1 28.6 33 27 5.6 4.3 3.4 32 40Fuels and mining products 44.0 17.9 24.1 30 49 2.3 20.0 14.2 22 12 41.7 17.6 25.1 30 52Manufactures 128.2 73.4 70.3 20 58 9.2 46.0 57.2 28 39 119.1 78.0 71.5 20 60Total imports 182.4 100.0 100.0 32 44 16.0 100.0 100.0 29 30 166.4 100.0 100.0 32 46

ParaguayAgricultural products 0.7 17.8 7.1 36 33 0.6 25.7 13.4 56 31 0.1 9.3 2.5 -11 41Fuels and mining products 1.7 14.3 16.2 27 65 0.8 20.9 18.4 104 15 0.9 7.2 14.7 -31 175Manufactures 7.8 67.9 76.6 20 39 2.9 53.2 68.2 58 41 4.9 83.5 82.7 6 38Total imports 10.2 100.0 100.0 22 42 4.3 100.0 100.0 66 34 5.9 100.0 100.0 1 48

UruguayAgricultural products 0.9 14.1 10.1 21 40 0.6 21.7 15.7 20 44 0.3 8.2 5.7 25 34Fuels and mining products 2.7 16.4 30.6 -5 108 1.2 10.6 29.3 19 107 1.6 20.9 31.6 -17 110Manufactures 5.3 69.4 59.3 27 46 2.2 67.7 54.9 16 37 3.1 70.8 62.7 36 53Total imports 8.9 100.0 100.0 17 59 3.9 100.0 100.0 17 53 5.0 100.0 100.0 17 63

MERCOSURAgricultural products 15.1 8.4 5.8 37 37 7.9 22.7 17.7 43 37 7.2 4.8 3.3 30 37Fuels and mining products 54.6 14.5 21.1 29 52 6.2 15.0 14.0 34 26 48.4 14.3 22.6 28 56Manufactures 187.6 77.0 72.5 23 46 30.4 62.3 68.2 26 30 157.2 80.7 73.3 22 50Total imports 259.0 100.0 100.0 31 41 44.5 100.0 100.0 30 30 214.4 100.0 100.0 31 43

MERCOSUR Other origin/destinationAnnual

percentage change

Merchandise trade of MERCOSUR countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2008

Annual percentage

change Share Share Share

Annual percentage

change

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Table I.19

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Destination Value Value Value

2008 2000 2008 2007 2008 2008 2000 2008 2007 2008 2008 2000 2008 2007 2008

Exports Bolivia

Agricultural products 1.1 35.4 17.1 19 26 0.4 86.1 72.9 23 23 0.7 21.8 12.3 17 28Fuels and mining products 4.5 34.2 70.4 16 50 0.1 3.5 16.6 -38 5 4.5 42.4 75.1 19 52Manufactures 0.6 25.1 9.0 6 31 0.1 10.0 10.7 0 25 0.5 29.1 8.9 7 32Total exports 6.4 100.0 100.0 15 45 0.5 100.0 100.0 2 19 5.9 100.0 100.0 17 47

ColombiaAgricultural products 6.7 23.6 17.8 19 14 0.2 10.5 10.1 13 2 6.4 24.5 18.3 19 15Fuels and mining products 18.0 44.1 48.0 16 56 0.2 18.4 9.3 -19 9 17.8 46.0 50.7 17 57Manufactures 11.9 32.3 31.5 35 1 2.0 71.2 80.6 12 17 9.9 29.5 28.1 40 -2Total exports 37.6 100.0 100.0 23 25 2.5 100.0 100.0 8 14 35.2 100.0 100.0 24 26

EcuadorAgricultural products 5.2 39.5 28.3 8 23 0.3 22.9 10.7 -12 11 5.0 41.6 31.0 9 24Fuels and mining products 11.8 49.8 63.7 10 40 1.5 42.6 59.8 47 11 10.3 50.7 64.3 5 46Manufactures 1.4 8.4 7.6 -3 30 0.7 34.5 29.5 -2 33 0.7 5.1 4.2 -3 28Total exports 18.5 100.0 100.0 13 29 2.5 100.0 100.0 22 16 16.0 100.0 100.0 11 32

PeruAgricultural products 5.3 27.2 16.7 10 26 0.2 19.6 15.4 -2 46 5.0 27.6 16.8 10 25Fuels and mining products 16.2 37.7 51.5 22 1 0.5 30.9 28.9 15 1 15.8 38.1 52.7 22 1Manufactures 4.1 16.5 13.0 21 22 0.9 49.6 55.7 30 44 3.2 14.9 10.8 20 18Total exports 31.5 100.0 100.0 17 13 1.6 100.0 100.0 19 28 30.0 100.0 100.0 17 12

Andean CommunityAgricultural products 18.3 28.1 19.4 13 21 1.1 25.1 16.1 5 18 17.2 28.3 19.7 14 21Fuels and mining products 50.6 43.0 53.8 17 30 2.3 25.2 32.1 23 8 48.4 44.5 55.5 17 31Manufactures 17.9 23.2 19.1 28 8 3.6 49.7 51.8 12 26 14.3 21.0 16.4 32 4Total exports 94.1 100.0 100.0 18 23 7.0 100.0 100.0 15 18 87.1 100.0 100.0 19 23

ImportsBolivia

Agricultural products 0.5 15.1 10.0 34 25 0.1 14.1 10.5 5 18 0.4 15.2 10.0 39 26Fuels and mining products 0.6 5.5 12.6 3 106 0.0 4.2 5.5 8 115 0.6 5.6 13.4 3 105Manufactures 3.8 78.6 76.8 24 40 0.4 81.7 84.0 23 66 3.4 78.4 76.0 24 38Total imports 5.0 100.0 100.0 23 44 0.5 100.0 100.0 19 61 4.5 100.0 100.0 23 43

ColombiaAgricultural products 4.5 14.9 11.4 28 31 0.6 47.9 22.4 2 34 4.0 12.6 10.7 33 30Fuels and mining products 2.8 4.5 7.1 25 44 0.3 10.3 12.8 15 -7 2.5 4.1 6.7 28 55Manufactures 31.8 80.1 80.2 25 18 1.6 41.8 64.8 28 11 30.2 82.8 81.2 25 18Total imports 39.7 100.0 100.0 26 21 2.5 100.0 100.0 20 12 37.1 100.0 100.0 26 21

EcuadorAgricultural products 1.8 11.4 9.7 31 40 0.4 13.7 15.2 28 40 1.5 10.9 8.9 32 40Fuels and mining products 3.7 9.2 19.8 11 23 0.2 3.5 7.4 -23 -48 3.5 10.2 21.6 17 32Manufactures 13.2 70.8 70.5 9 44 1.8 81.9 77.4 9 29 11.4 68.8 69.5 8 47Total imports 18.7 100.0 100.0 15 34 2.3 100.0 100.0 4 17 16.4 100.0 100.0 17 37

PeruAgricultural products 3.4 13.5 11.4 37 39 0.4 11.0 12.2 20 32 3.0 13.8 11.3 40 40Fuels and mining products 5.8 16.2 19.5 28 46 2.0 52.4 60.6 25 25 3.8 12.0 14.4 30 60Manufactures 20.7 70.3 69.0 35 48 0.9 36.6 27.2 19 20 19.8 74.2 74.2 36 50Total imports 30.0 100.0 100.0 34 46 3.3 100.0 100.0 23 25 26.7 100.0 100.0 36 50

Andean CommunityAgricultural products 10.3 14.0 11.0 32 35 1.4 24.6 15.9 13 34 8.9 12.9 10.5 35 35Fuels and mining products 13.0 8.8 13.9 20 40 2.5 22.6 29.2 13 10 10.5 7.4 12.4 23 50Manufactures 69.5 75.6 74.5 24 32 4.8 52.6 54.9 18 23 64.7 77.9 76.5 25 32Total imports 93.3 100.0 100.0 25 32 8.7 100.0 100.0 16 20 84.7 100.0 100.0 27 33

Andean Community Other origin/destinationAnnual

percentage change

Merchandise trade of Andean Community countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2008

Annual percentage

change Share Share Share

Annual percentage

change

World

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Table I.20

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Destination Value Value Value

2008 2000 2008 2007 2008 2008 2000 2008 2007 2008 2008 2000 2008 2007 2008

Exports Indonesia

Agricultural products 33.4 12.5 24.0 32 36 4.9 9.9 17.6 39 32 28.5 13.1 25.6 31 36Fuels and mining products 51.5 30.1 36.9 11 20 9.1 18.6 33.0 28 34 42.3 32.6 37.9 8 18Manufactures 53.6 56.7 38.5 9 7 13.3 68.9 48.0 14 9 40.3 54.1 36.1 8 7Total exports 139.3 100.0 100.0 14 18 27.6 100.0 100.0 21 20 111.7 100.0 100.0 12 18

MalaysiaAgricultural products 27.9 8.2 14.0 32 36 4.5 6.4 8.7 22 32 23.4 8.8 15.8 34 37Fuels and mining products 40.3 10.7 20.2 15 44 13.0 11.8 25.2 7 39 27.4 10.2 18.5 20 47Manufactures 130.0 80.4 65.1 6 4 33.7 80.2 65.4 8 7 96.3 80.4 65.0 5 3Total exports 199.5 100.0 100.0 10 13 51.5 100.0 100.0 8 14 148.0 100.0 100.0 10 13

PhilippinesAgricultural products 4.0 5.1 8.1 15 22 0.6 2.9 8.1 21 17 3.4 5.4 8.1 14 23Fuels and mining products 4.2 2.8 8.5 30 0 1.2 4.7 17.5 -6 10 2.9 2.5 6.9 52 -4Manufactures 40.5 87.4 82.7 5 -5 5.3 92.3 74.1 -3 -18 35.3 86.5 84.1 6 -3Total exports 49.0 100.0 100.0 6 -3 7.1 100.0 100.0 -2 -12 41.9 100.0 100.0 8 -1

SingaporeAgricultural products 7.1 2.7 2.1 17 20 2.7 3.6 2.5 17 14 4.4 2.4 1.9 18 24Fuels and mining products 66.5 8.3 19.7 18 45 28.8 11.6 26.6 28 40 37.6 7.1 16.4 12 50Manufactures 240.3 85.4 71.1 8 4 74.4 83.2 68.6 9 7 166.0 86.2 72.2 7 3Total exports 338.2 100.0 100.0 10 13 108.5 100.0 100.0 13 14 229.7 100.0 100.0 9 12

ThailandAgricultural products 31.6 17.7 17.8 16 28 5.9 13.2 14.8 28 30 25.7 18.8 18.6 13 27Fuels and mining products 13.6 4.3 7.6 13 43 6.3 10.1 15.9 3 47 7.3 3.0 5.3 22 40Manufactures 127.1 74.8 71.5 18 10 27.3 73.6 68.7 24 16 99.9 75.1 72.3 17 9Total exports 177.8 100.0 100.0 17 17 39.7 100.0 100.0 20 22 138.2 100.0 100.0 16 16

ASEANAgricultural products 120.9 9.0 12.2 24 30 21.7 7.1 8.6 28 28 99.2 9.6 13.4 24 30Fuels and mining products 206.7 12.3 20.9 15 35 68.5 13.2 27.2 18 35 138.2 12.1 18.7 13 35Manufactures 630.0 76.1 63.6 10 6 158.1 77.9 62.7 11 8 471.8 75.6 63.9 9 6Total exports 990.2 100.0 100.0 12 15 252.2 100.0 100.0 14 16 738.0 100.0 100.0 12 14

ImportsIndonesia

Agricultural products 13.0 12.5 10.3 31 29 1.8 7.7 4.6 83 -10 11.2 13.8 13.0 22 39Fuels and mining products 35.1 15.9 27.8 9 46 18.6 26.1 46.6 15 49 16.4 13.2 19.1 2 43Manufactures 78.1 71.5 61.9 16 33 19.5 66.1 48.8 9 22 58.5 73.0 67.9 19 37Total imports 126.2 100.0 100.0 15 36 40.0 100.0 100.0 15 31 86.1 100.0 100.0 16 38

MalaysiaAgricultural products 13.5 5.6 8.6 25 28 5.8 6.8 14.7 26 44 7.8 5.3 6.6 24 18Fuels and mining products 25.1 7.8 16.0 17 21 10.6 14.1 27.0 18 19 14.5 5.8 12.4 17 23Manufactures 114.3 83.1 72.8 10 3 22.1 76.5 56.3 14 -6 92.1 85.2 78.4 8 6Total imports 156.9 100.0 100.0 12 7 39.3 100.0 100.0 17 5 117.6 100.0 100.0 11 7

PhilippinesAgricultural products 6.9 8.4 11.5 15 49 2.7 8.6 17.6 22 96 4.3 8.3 9.5 12 29Fuels and mining products 14.1 13.5 23.4 18 24 3.8 13.8 25.1 27 23 10.3 13.5 22.9 15 25Manufactures 39.0 77.9 64.7 4 -7 8.7 76.8 56.9 26 -2 30.3 78.1 67.4 -1 -8Total imports 60.3 100.0 100.0 7 4 15.3 100.0 100.0 26 14 45.0 100.0 100.0 3 1

SingaporeAgricultural products 10.0 3.6 3.1 20 20 4.0 5.2 5.3 18 20 6.0 3.1 2.4 21 20Fuels and mining products 93.7 13.6 29.3 16 61 19.7 8.0 26.3 10 50 74.0 15.4 30.2 18 64Manufactures 204.8 81.6 64.0 8 9 45.7 86.6 61.0 3 0 159.1 80.0 65.0 9 12Total imports 319.8 100.0 100.0 10 22 74.9 100.0 100.0 6 14 244.8 100.0 100.0 12 24

ThailandAgricultural products 11.7 7.2 6.5 13 40 2.0 6.3 6.1 6 33 9.7 7.4 6.6 15 42Fuels and mining products 46.3 15.2 25.9 4 39 9.2 16.5 28.5 -4 24 37.2 15.0 25.4 6 44Manufactures 114.4 75.8 64.0 12 19 20.8 74.2 64.6 6 29 93.6 76.2 63.9 13 17Total imports 178.7 100.0 100.0 9 28 32.2 100.0 100.0 0 28 146.5 100.0 100.0 11 28

ASEANAgricultural products 64.9 6.5 6.9 22 31 19.8 6.9 8.6 25 31 45.0 6.3 6.4 21 31Fuels and mining products 231.8 12.9 24.8 13 45 72.0 14.8 31.4 12 39 159.8 12.4 22.6 14 48Manufactures 615.8 78.9 65.7 12 12 130.5 77.1 57.0 10 7 485.3 79.4 68.6 12 14Total imports 936.7 100.0 100.0 13 21 229.1 100.0 100.0 11 18 707.5 100.0 100.0 13 22

ASEAN Other origin/destinationAnnual

percentage change

Merchandise trade of ASEAN countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2008

Annual percentage

change Share Share Share

Annual percentage

change

World

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6. Least-developed countries

Table I.21

(Million dollars and percentage)

2007 2000 2007 2000 2007 2000 2007

LDCs 422700 24 33 21 30 4 3Afghanistan 9658 ... ... ... ... ... ...Angola 61403 90 73 87 72 3 1Bangladesh 68415 14 19 14 18 1 1Benin 5428 23 24 17 19 6 5Bhutan 1096 30 52 26 47 4 5Burkina Faso 6767 9 10 8 9 1 1Burundi 974 7 6 7 5 0 1Cambodia 8350 49 67 37 49 11 18Central African Republic 1712 18 13 17 11 1 2Chad 7085 15 53 13 52 2 1Comoros 449 24 14 6 3 19 10Congo, Dem. Rep. of 8953 22 ... 21 ... 2 ...Djibouti 830 18 18 6 7 13 11Equatorial Guinea 9923 100 50 100 49 1 0Eritrea 1375 14 ... 6 ... 9 ...Ethiopia 19395 11 13 6 7 5 6Gambia 644 45 36 30 18 15 18Guinea 4564 22 27 21 26 1 1Guinea-Bissau 357 31 27 29 24 2 3Haiti 6715 13 10 9 8 4 2Kiribati 78 27 ... 13 ... 14 ...Lao People's Dem. Rep. 4108 28 37 20 29 9 7Lesotho 1600 29 55 25 50 4 4Liberia 735 ... 48 ... 27 ... 22Madagascar 7382 29 26 21 15 8 11Malawi 3563 25 ... 23 ... 2 ...Maldives 1055 72 81 17 22 55 59Mali 6863 26 28 23 23 4 5Mauritania 2644 36 ... 33 ... 3 ...Mozambique 7790 16 36 9 31 8 5Myanmar 19618 24 ... 19 ... 5 ...Nepal 10315 22 12 14 9 7 3Niger 4170 18 18 16 16 2 2Rwanda 3339 6 9 4 6 2 4Samoa 525 ... 29 ... 3 ... 26Sao Tome and Principe 145 ... 8 ... 5 ... 3Senegal 11165 27 25 20 15 7 10Sierra Leone 1664 8 20 2 18 6 3Solomon Islands 388 38 58 23 41 15 17Somalia ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Sudan 46228 15 20 15 19 0 1Tanzania 16181 14 24 7 14 6 10Timor Leste 395 ... ... ... ... ... ...Togo 2499 31 35 27 27 3 8Tuvalu ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Uganda 11771 11 21 7 17 3 4Vanuatu 452 59 47 11 7 48 39Yemen 22523 42 34 40 31 2 3Zambia 11363 27 43 23 40 4 2

Memorandum item:World 54583800 25 32 20 25 5 6

Note: Trade in goods is derived from balance of payments statistics and does not correspond to the merchandise trade statistics given elsewhere in this report. Data are estimated for most countries. See the Metadata.

Ratio of exports of goods and commercial services to GDP of the least-developed countries, 2007

Commercial services

Value Ratio to GDP

Goods and commercial servicesGDP Goods

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Table I.22

Value Value

2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

LDCs 173514 22 25 24 35 158392 20 15 23 27Oil exporters Angola 67100 31 32 39 51 21100 13 5 56 54Equatorial Guinea 16300 40 16 24 60 3270 15 54 37 18Sudan 12050 27 17 57 36 9150 22 19 9 4Yemen 8977 10 14 -4 27 9960 12 13 40 17Chad 4650 50 11 7 27 1830 33 42 11 22Exporters of manufactures Bangladesh 15357 12 27 6 23 23838 18 15 16 28Myanmar 6937 20 20 38 9 4288 13 33 29 29Cambodia 4300 15 14 16 5 6600 22 21 14 22Madagascar 1340 6 15 26 8 4040 22 6 46 53Lao People's Dem. Rep. 1095 16 59 5 19 1302 19 20 0 22Nepal 1050 3 -3 6 18 3600 21 9 17 24Lesotho 900 19 7 16 12 2040 32 6 16 17Haiti 490 6 8 3 -6 2148 27 13 13 16Exporters of commodities Zambia 5089 24 108 22 10 5106 24 20 29 29Congo, Dem. Rep. of 3950 22 6 14 49 4100 22 21 20 24Tanzania 3037 19 14 16 36 7081 33 29 26 33Mozambique 2653 28 34 1 10 3804 34 19 6 25Senegal 2350 12 1 5 41 6528 28 5 33 34Uganda 2180 21 17 42 29 4526 33 24 37 30Mauritania 1750 22 119 5 22 1750 22 -18 30 15Mali 1650 15 41 -2 8 2550 21 18 20 17Ethiopia 1602 16 15 24 25 7700 41 16 20 34Guinea 1360 9 26 7 19 1600 12 16 26 33Benin 1050 13 27 19 20 1990 23 21 30 24Togo 900 12 -2 8 29 1540 20 4 12 10Niger 880 15 7 36 24 1400 22 1 12 32Malawi 770 9 7 31 8 1650 20 4 14 20Afghanistan 610 20 6 22 23 3350 49 5 9 19Burkina Faso 550 13 26 6 -12 1800 31 5 23 11Bhutan 521 22 60 63 -23 543 23 9 25 3Maldives 331 15 39 1 45 1388 37 24 18 27Somalia 290 5 -3 0 0 790 19 8 3 16Rwanda 250 22 18 20 41 1139 47 27 35 54Liberia 242 -4 20 27 21 813 12 51 7 63Sierra Leone 220 42 46 6 -10 560 60 13 14 26Central African Republic 195 2 17 13 10 310 9 20 23 24Solomon Islands 190 13 17 38 13 295 20 17 32 3Guinea-Bissau 98 6 -17 15 15 160 13 20 7 18Djibouti 69 10 40 5 18 580 44 21 41 23Burundi 57 2 0 -9 8 403 30 60 -26 26Vanuatu 42 6 -3 -19 41 287 35 7 26 42Eritrea 17 -9 -5 43 13 530 39 1 3 4Kiribati 15 20 46 55 53 55 41 -14 11 -22Gambia 14 -1 43 9 11 329 47 0 24 3Comoros 13 -1 -17 31 0 180 38 17 21 29Samoa 11 -3 -10 45 -27 249 43 17 4 10Sao Tome and Principe 11 17 13 -12 56 114 58 42 12 44Tuvalu 0 40 -19 80 63 26 0 -1 22 69Timor-Leste ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Memorandum item: World a 16070000 12 15 15 15 16422000 12 14 15 15

a Includes significant re-exports or imports for re-export. Note: Data for 2008 are largely estimated.

Annual percentage change Annual percentage change

Merchandise exports and imports of least-developed countries by selected country grouping, 2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

Exports Imports

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Table I.23

(Million dollars and percentage)

Value Value Value

2008 2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2007 2008

A. Agricultural products Total LDCs 4616 23 3 Total LDCs 6192 8 17 Total LDCs 806 -5 13

Uganda 527 25 23 Myanmar 2120 7 25 Liberia 167 -9 22Ethiopia 481 27 29 Tanzania 392 -3 57 Bangladesh 163 -14 -10Tanzania 418 28 -9 Bangladesh 303 12 22 Ethiopia 140 31 64Madagascar 396 2 27 Solomon Islands 295 45 10 Malawi 65 -6 35Senegal 320 32 -20 Mozambique 257 35 35 Madagascar 42 14 -13Bangladesh 318 10 3 Benin 248 4 40 Tanzania 37 45 15Malawi 273 41 -3 Burkina Faso 243 11 -14 Sudan 33 19 31Togo 256 29 45 Vanuatu 221 12 1 Haiti 30 6 16Mozambique 228 49 -15 Afghanistan 186 61 27 Uganda 20 -6 12Congo, Dem. Rep. of 205 27 7 Lao People's Dem. Rep. 172 -4 20 Togo 16 181 126Sudan 159 47 -1 Nepal 150 37 13 Rwanda 11 13 39Others (39) 1055 14 -6 Others (39) 1604 -2 4 Others (39) 82 -26 -16

B. Fuels and mining products Total LDCs 20557 46 89 Total LDCs 59777 15 53 Total LDCs 29594 8 58

Angola 11150 82 170 Angola 25691 17 59 Angola 22125 11 58Equatorial Guinea 5701 37 106 Sudan 11995 48 61 Equatorial Guinea 3460 -5 88Mozambique 1041 15 -36 Yemen 7434 -7 39 Chad 3446 12 55Mauritania 797 17 27 Equatorial Guinea 5038 -5 47 Guinea 211 34 30Guinea 595 39 19 Myanmar 3238 1 48 Congo, Dem. Rep. of 116 1062 152Congo, Dem. Rep. of 507 79 22 Congo, Dem. Rep. of 1699 27 254 Sierra Leone 52 69 -14Zambia 337 17 -15 Mauritania 1039 42 84 Mauritania 47 -100 ...Senegal 93 3 145 Zambia 991 16 -1 Zambia 46 66 5Others (42) 338 46 -13 Others (42) 2653 32 16 Others (42) 92 -46 -72

C. Manufactures Total LDCs 11359 -2 6 Total LDCs 2991 22 20 Total LDCs 9224 12 3

Bangladesh 7696 5 16 Bangladesh 746 -4 22 Bangladesh 4562 6 13Cambodia 1063 11 15 Nepal 464 58 38 Cambodia 2822 14 1Madagascar 387 17 -3 Myanmar 367 36 10 Haiti 455 1 -9Congo, Dem. Rep. of 322 -9 -11 Vanuatu 298 -87 26186 Lesotho 396 6 -14Lesotho 248 114 47 Cambodia 204 8 -5 Madagascar 319 21 -3Liberia 235 -58 -46 Senegal 173 106 42 Equatorial Guinea 203 134 -9Myanmar 229 -16 -9 Angola 126 -60 97 Congo, Dem. Rep. of 150 105 -4Angola 188 -26 -35 Bhutan 124 39 -23 Nepal 104 -8 -5Lao People's Dem. Rep. 170 -7 7 Liberia 91 185 -72 Lao People's Dem. Rep. 45 31 141Equatorial Guinea 159 27 -14 Lao People's Dem. Rep. 69 66 80 Angola 35 11 -38Nepal 118 3 6 Samoa 69 25 -25 Afghanistan 22 -32 137Sierra Leone 80 7 -33 Tanzania 43 45 22 Tanzania 19 6 23Ethiopia 72 13 1 Zambia 35 81 4 Malawi 14 9 -35Others (37) 406 2 -37 Others (37) 181 -15 38 Others (37) 79 110 -59

a Australia, China, Hong Kong, China; India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Taipei Chinese and Thailand.

Annual percentage

change

Annual percentage

change

Annual percentage

change

Imports of ag icultural products, fuels and manufactures of the European Union (27), Asia and North America from least-developed countries, 2008

European Union (27) Asia a North America

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Table I.24

(Million dollars and percentage)

2007 2000 2007 2000 2007 2000 2007

Least developed countries 14300 20 21 47 53 33 26Afghanistan ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Angola 311 6 5 ... 72 94 22Bangladesh 685 32 12 18 11 50 77Benin 281 14 4 61 73 25 22Bhutan 60 ... ... ... ... ... ...Burkina Faso 70 13 ... 67 ... 20 ...Burundi 7 43 21 37 20 20 59Cambodia 1510 17 14 72 75 11 11Central African Republic 26 4 ... 51 ... 45 ...Chad 84 2 ... 65 ... 33 ...Comoros 46 13 ... 81 ... 6 ...Congo, Dem. Rep. of ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Djibouti 92 76 78 12 7 12 15Equatorial Guinea 26 3 ... 50 ... 47 ...Eritrea ... 18 ... 64 ... 18 ...Ethiopia 1183 56 62 15 15 30 23Gambia 114 ... 17 76 65 ... 17Guinea 44 58 14 7 0 34 86Guinea-Bissau 11 12 ... ... ... ... ...Haiti 152 ... ... 81 92 ... ...Kiribati ... 12 ... 8 ... 81 ...Lao People's Dem. Rep. 299 13 10 76 78 11 12Lesotho 68 2 1 67 63 31 36Liberia 160 ... 13 ... 85 ... 3Madagascar 796 16 30 39 32 45 39Malawi ... 26 ... 74 ... 0 ...Maldives 622 6 5 93 94 1 1Mali 359 36 7 44 62 20 31Mauritania ... 1 ... 20 ... 79 ...Mozambique 404 30 32 23 40 47 28Myanmar ... 17 ... 35 ... 48 ...Nepal 340 15 11 38 59 47 30Niger 79 24 15 64 52 12 33Rwanda 126 34 29 57 52 8 20Samoa 138 ... 5 ... 77 ... 18Sao Tome and Principe 4 2 2 76 83 22 16Senegal 1097 10 12 44 48 47 39Sierra Leone 42 46 37 27 52 27 11Solomon Islands 66 3 18 9 2 89 79Somalia ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Sudan 342 63 3 22 77 15 20Tanzania 1675 10 20 65 62 25 18Timor Leste ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Togo 197 23 54 18 17 59 29Tuvalu ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Uganda 528 15 3 81 75 4 21Vanuatu 177 24 18 47 67 28 15Yemen 578 12 8 42 74 46 19Zambia 279 37 35 58 49 5 16

Memorandum item:World 3372400 23 23 32 26 45 52

Note: Data are estimated for most countries. The improvement of the quality of data in recent years may have resulted in changes relating to the breakdown of exports of commercial services by category of services. See the Metadata.

Exports of commercial services of the least-developed countries by category, 2007

Other commercial services

Value Share in commercial services

Commercial services Transportation services Travel

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7. Foreign affi liates trade in services

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Value Annual percentage change

2003 2004 2005 2006 2000-03 2004 2005 2006

Australia a, b 24.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Austria b ... ... ... 29.6 ... ... ... ...Belgium b, c 31.7 41.8 47.8 ... 31 32 14 ...Canada d 70.6 74.8 81.8 98.0 -6 6 9 20Czech Republic e 0.3 0.4 1.0 1.3 -3 58 139 28Finland f ... 13.0 12.4 18.7 ... ... -4 51France b, c, g 145.6 ... ... ... -12 ... ... ...Germany ... ... 400.1 429.7 ... ... ... 7Greece ... ... 3.5 ... ... ... ... ...Hungary f ... 0.4 ... ... ... ... ... ...Israel f ... 2.6 2.9 ... ... ... 14 ...Italy ... ... 115.3 125.3 ... ... ... 9Japan 40.3 44.5 53.5 57.3 ... 10 20 7Latvia b, h ... ... ... 0.2 ... ... ... ...Portugal b 5.6 7.1 9.9 12.8 2 27 40 29Slovak Republic f ... ... 0.0 0.0 ... ... ... 17United States 521.8 583.5 668.7 761.5 6 12 15 14

Excluding wholesale and retail trade and repair activities. Economies shown in italics exclude most or a large part of financial intermediation activities.a Refers to fiscal year 2002-03 (July-June). Community, social and personal (except health), hotels and restaurants and communications services are not covered.b Only includes affiliates directly owned.c Classified under services according to actvity of parent company.d Branches are excluded.e Only the first level of indirect ownership is coveredf Community, social and personal services are not covered.g Refers to 2002 value and annual percentage change for 2000-02.h Only covers extra-EU (27) affiliates.

Table I.25

Sales by foreign affiliates of resident companies - affiliates located abroad primarily engaged in services activities (outward FATS), 2003-2006

Note: Given the recent development of this statistical framework, comparability and coverage of data may not always be complete. See the Metadata.

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(Billion dollars and percentage)

Value Annual percentage change

2003 2004 2005 2006 2000-03 2004 2005 2006

Austria a 24.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Belgium 25.0 28.2 28.9 ... ... 12 3 ...Bulgaria b ... 2.5 2.9 ... ... ... 19 ...Cyprus b, c ... 0.9 0.9 1.1 ... ... 8 14Czech Republic 18.6 23.0 28.5 30.6 40 23 24 7Denmark b, d, e 4.9 ... ... ... 29 ... ... ...Estonia ... 1.6 2.1 2.4 ... ... 26 18Finland 11.8 13.6 13.3 ... 35 15 -2 ...France 102.6 128.8 148.0 161.4 ... 26 15 9Germany ... ... 187.8 199.6 ... ... ... 6Greece d 4.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Hong Kong, China f ... 83.1 91.6 114.0 ... ... 10 24Hungary 9.5 11.8 12.9 17.5 ... 24 10 36Ireland 16.6 18.7 26.7 33.2 ... 12 43 24Israel b 4.0 4.2 5.9 ... ... 5 41 ...Italy 60.4 71.9 77.8 ... ... 19 8 ...Japan g, h 14.8 20.8 33.3 27.1 ... 40 60 -19Latvia b 0.9 1.3 1.8 2.3 ... 45 35 32Lithuania b ... 1.9 2.3 ... ... ... 23 ...Netherlands a, b 33.2 ... 55.9 ... ... ... ... ...New Zealand i 11.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Norway b 17.2 18.6 24.0 26.4 ... 8 29 10Poland 6.9 9.0 11.3 19.3 ... 31 25 71Portugal b 10.4 7.5 10.0 13.0 ... -28 33 30Romania b 2.6 5.4 ... 10.1 ... 108 ... ...Slovak Republic b ... 4.8 6.4 6.6 ... ... 34 2Slovenia 0.8 1.2 ... ... ... 55 ... ...Spain a, b 40.6 52.3 52.5 69.3 ... 29 0 32Sweden 36.4 43.5 46.0 52.9 25 19 6 15Trinidad and Tobago d 0.2 ... ... ... 29 ... ... ...United Kingdom 174.8 222.1 253.3 283.6 ... 27 14 12United States 416.0 425.7 460.5 563.5 1 2 8 22

a Only direct control.b Some or all community, social and personal services activities are not covered.c Hotels and restaurants activities are not covered.d Refers to 2002 value and annual percentage change for 2000-02.e Transport, storage and communications activities are not covered.f Includes other income.g No estimation for non-response.h Real estate activities are also not covered. i Preliminary results based on 53 per cent of foreign affiliates.Note : Given the recent development of this statistical framework, comparability and coverage of data may not always be complete. See the Metadata.

Excluding wholesale and retail trade as well as repair activities. For economies shown in italics data exclude all or a large part of financial intermediation activities.

Table I.26

Sales by affiliates of foreign companies - resident affiliates primarily engaged in services activities (inward FATS), 2003-2006

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II.

Up until the third quarter of 2008, exports of all product categories con-tinued to experience the high growth that started back in 2003. In the fourth quarter of 2008, however, practically all product categories registered abrupt declines, which worsened in the early months of 2009. World exports of non-ferrous metals, automotive products and integrated circuits were hard-est hit. However, initial data indicate a bottoming-out of the crisis in the second quarter of 2009.

Despite the sudden and sharp downturn in the fourth quarter of 2008, the year still ended with an annual average growth of 33 per cent for exports of fuels and mining products (compared with 15.1 per cent in 2007), growth of 18.9 per cent for agriculture (19.8 per cent in 2007), and a relatively low growth rate (9.9 per cent) for manufactures (15.3 per cent in 2007).

Severe price adjustments have taken place during the recession

Primary commodities

Overall, exports of primary commodities went up by 28.8 per cent in value terms in 2008, far exceeding the 2007 increase (16.5 per cent). This gain came as a result of record increases in the prices of fuels and food in the fi rst three quarters of 2008 – products which jointly accounted for 82 per cent of world trade in primary commodities.

During the fourth quarter of 2008, the economic slowdown led to a decline in the export value of primary commodities. This decline increased in the fi rst quarter of 2009.

A devastating fourth quarter in 2008 but signs of improvement

Summary of developments

IN THIS CHAPTER :

Summary of developments Primary commodities Fuel Food Manufactures Chemicals Iron and steel Automotive products Offi ce and telecom equipment

Clothing

The Highlights

II. MERCHANDISE TRADE BY PRODUCT

-60 -40 -20 0 20 40

08Q4 09Q12008

Chart II.1

(Percentage change, year-on-year)

Quarterly developments by product category

Non-ferrous metalsAutomotive products

Ores and other mineralsFuels

Iron and steelIntegrated circuits

Raw materialsOther chemicals

EDP and office equip.Telecom equip.

FoodClothing

Pharmaceuticals

Q4 2008 Q1 20092008

-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Chart II.2

(Annual percentage change)

World merchandise exports by product group, 2008

Fuels ($2862 bn)Iron and steel ($587 bn)

Food ($1114 bn)Ores and other minerals ($308 bn)

Other chemicals ($1279 bn)Pharmaceuticals ($427 bn)

Personal and household goods ($254 bn)Raw materials ($228 bn)

Clothing ($362 bn)Office and telecom equip. ($1561 bn)

Automotive products ($1234 bn)Integrated circuits ($417 bn)

Non-ferrous metals ($360 bn)

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Growing demand in both industri-alized and emerging economies trig-gered an unprecedented growth in petroleum prices in the fi rst three quarters of 2008. The price of crude petroleum attained a record high in July 2008 and despite a 36 per cent year-on-year decline in the fourth quar-ter, prices increased by 36.4 per cent for the year. As a result, world exports of fuels expanded by 41 per cent in value (Chart II.4) and lifted the share of fuel in total merchandise exports to 18.2 per cent – the highest level since 1984. Towards the end of the year, however, in response to the global fall in demand, prices of all primary com-modities, including food, plunged. On a year-on-year basis,1 petroleum prices dropped 53.7 per cent in the fi rst quar-ter of 2009. Prices of minerals and non-ferrous metals plunged by 49.6 per cent.

The corresponding decline in price of food was 23 per cent. As a result, in the fi rst quarter of 2009, world exports of fuels and non-ferrous metals con-tracted, in value terms, by an estimated 46 per cent and 50 per cent respec-tively. The decline in the exports of food was 16 per cent, as demand for food is less responsive to price changes.

Many least-developed countries have suffered from high fuel prices

Fuel

Strong fl uctuations in fuel prices, including price surges, created an addi-tional strain on the foreign exchange positions of those least-developed countries (LDCs) which rely on non-oil merchandise exports. In 2008, for example, Ethiopia’s foreign exchange earnings from its merchandise exports covered only 80 per cent of its fuel imports. Whereas in 2002 48 per cent of its merchandise exports earn-ings covered all its imports of fuels. Senegal’s imports of fuels were the equivalent of 83 per cent of its total merchandise export earnings in 2008.

1 Unless otherwise indicated, quarterly growth rates are on a year-on-year basis.

-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80

Chart II.4

(Percentage change, year-on-year)

Value of world exports of primary products

Food

Raw materials

Ores and other minerals

Non-ferrous metals

Fuels

08 Jan-Sept. Q4 2008 Q1 20092008

UgandaEthiopia

SenegalNiger

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20080

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Chart II.5

(Percentage)

Fuel imports of selected African countries as a percentage of their total merchandise exports, 2000-08

-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Chart II.3

(Percentage change, year-on-year)

Prices of primary products

Food

Minerals and non-ferrousmetals*

Crude petroleum

Primary commodities

08 Jan-Sept. Q4 2008 Q1 20092008

Source: IMF, International Financial Statistics*Excluding petroleum

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Price of rice more than doubled in 2008

Food

In 2008, prices of food increased by 23.3 per cent, comparable only to 1974 when both demand and supply factors pushed prices up drastically.

World exports of food grew by 21.8 per cent in 2008. While food exporters benefi ted – Thailand’s rice exports, for example, increased 65 per cent and EU exports of wheat outside the European Union expanded by 180 per cent – the burden became heavier on net-food importers.

In recent years, for example, Africa’s imports of food grew at a higher pace than its exports. In addition to surging prices, supply and demand factors were among the reasons for the increasing gap. A number of African countries are net-food importers because of limited arable land in relation to their populations. Others struggle to improve farm practices and lack the capacity to purchase intermediate and capital goods to increase productivity and meet the needs of their growing populations. Some countries are also confronted with adverse climatic conditions (e.g. recurrent drought) and institutional diffi culties. Few of them are capable of importing more food thanks to increased earnings from oil or mineral sales.

China is the leading exporter

Manufactures

In 2008, China surpassed Germany to become the world’s largest exporter of manufactured goods, although not so far of total merchandise exports. Between 2000 and 2008, China’s exports of manufactured goods grew at an annual average rate of 25.2 per cent, twice that of Germany. While EU exports outside the European Union still remain at the top of the list, the gap with China has been constantly narrowing (from 67 per cent in 2000 to 15 per cent in 2008). On the import side, the hierarchy of the three major importers of manufactures – the United States, Germany and China – has not changed.

Exports of food Exports of fuelsImports of food

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 200800

50100150200250300350400450

Chart II.6

(Indices, 2000=100)

Africa's trade in food and fuels, 2000-08

2000 2005 2006 2007 20080

200400600800

1000120014001600

Chart II.7

(Billion dollars)

Major exporters of manufactures, 2000-08

China

Japan

United States

Germany

Extra-EU(27)

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World exports of manufactures declined by 11 per cent in the last quarter of 2008 and 29 per cent in the fi rst quarter of 2009. Of the ten major exporters, only China regis-tered a positive growth rate of 4.6 per cent in the fourth quarter of 2008. During the fi rst quarter of 2009, however, China recorded a 19.1 per cent decline. Exports of the United States shrank by 4 per cent in the last quarter of 2008 and 20 per cent in the fi rst quarter of 2009 while exports of the European Union fell by 16.1 per cent and 31.4 per cent respec-tively. In the fi rst quarter of 2009, Japan and Chinese Taipei were the hardest hit. They saw their exports contract by 41.3 per cent and 38.4 per cent respectively.

Pharmaceuticals are the least affected

Chemicals

World exports of chemicals shrank by 10 per cent in the last quarter of 2008 and 23 per cent in the fi rst quarter of 2009. The downturn for pharmaceutical products was less abrupt than for other chemicals. In the last quarter of 2008, pharma-ceuticals were one of the rare prod-ucts with a positive, though marginal, growth rate (1 per cent). Among all chemical products, they experienced the lowest decline in the fi rst quar-ter of 2009. In contrast, due to the fall in demand in construction, auto-motive and other industries, world exports of other chemical products contracted by 14 per cent in the fourth quarter of 2008 and by a fur-ther 31 per cent in the fi rst quarter of 2009.

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20

MexicoCanada

Taipei, ChineseSingapore*

Hong Kong, China*Korea, Republic of

JapanUnited States

ChinaEuropean Union (27)

World

Chart II.8

(Percentage change, year-on-year)

Exports of manufactures

* Includes significant re-exports

Q4 2008 Q1 20092008

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50

Chart II.9

(Percentage change, year-on-year)

Leading exporters of chemicals

RussiaTaipei, Chinese

SingaporeCanada

Korea, Republic ofSwitzerland

JapanChina

United StatesEuropean Union (27)

World

Q4 2008 Q1 20092008

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China surpasses EU exports outside the European Union

Iron and steel

China exports of iron and steel products grew by an annual average of 41.6 per cent between 2000 and 2008, surpassing EU exports outside the European Union.

As global demand in the con-struction, automotive and other sec-tors declined, iron and steel did not escape the impact of the global eco-nomic downturn. In the last quarter of 2008, the decline was relatively modest (-5 per cent) as Japan, China, the Republic of Korea and the United States still registered substantial increases in their exports. Exports of the European Union, however, con-tracted by 17.3 per cent. During the fi rst quarter of 2009, world exports of iron and steel shrank by 40 per cent. Exports of the European Union, China and Ukraine dropped by 45.9 per cent, 44.6 per cent and 49.7 per cent respectively.

Automotive products have suffered most

Automotive products

Automotive products were the hardest hit of all industries by the credit crunch and the recession. World exports in value terms tumbled 24 per cent in the last quarter of 2008 and 49 per cent in the fi rst quarter of 2009.

Of the top ten major exporters of automotive products, fi ve recorded more than 30 per cent declines in their exports in the last quarter of 2008 and all but Mexico witnessed a decline of over 40 per cent in the fi rst quarter of 2009. Canada’s exports were the most affected, declining by more than 20 per cent in 2008 and falling by a further 54 per cent in the fi rst quarter of 2009. Japan fared better throughout 2008, post-ing an 8 per cent growth rate, but subsequently recorded the sharpest decline in the fi rst quarter of 2009.

-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80

Chart II.10

(Percentage change, year-on-year)

Exports of iron and steel

Q4 2008 Q1 20092008

Taipei, ChineseBrazil

TurkeyUnited States

Korea, Republic ofUkraineRussiaJapanChina

European Union (27)World

-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10

Chart II.11

(Percentage change, year-on-year)

Leading exporters of automotive products

Q4 2008 Q1 20092008

WorldGermany

JapanUnited States

FranceSpain

CanadaKorea, Republic of

BelgiumMexico

United Kingdom

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Offi ce and telecom equipment are also on decline

Office and telecom equipment

World exports of offi ce and telecom equipment declined by 16 per cent in the fourth quarter of 2008 and slid by 29 per cent in the fi rst quarter of 2009. Within this category, telecommunication equipment was the least affected, regis-tering the highest year-on-year growth in the fi rst three quarters of 2008 and the lowest year-on-year declines in the last quarter of 2008 and fi rst quar-ter of 2009. As fi rms tend to reduce their inventories during the onset of crises, trade in integrated circuits and electronic components fell much more sharply than trade in end-use products at the end of 2008 and in early 2009.

In 2008, world exports of integrated circuits increased by only 1 per cent, one of the lowest levels of performance after automotive products. Trade within the EU, which accounts for nearly 60 per cent of EU exports, increased by 3 per cent. Exports of the United States and Japan stagnated. China, the major importer, recorded only a 2 per cent growth rate in 2008, in marked contrast to the 12 per cent rise in 2001 (the year of the dot-com bubble burst).

China posted the strongest annual performance in offi ce and telecom equipment in 2008. During the last quarter of 2008 and the fi rst quarter of 2009, China’s exports fell by 7 per cent and 24 per cent respectively. Japan and other Asian IT traders were on aver-age more seriously affected by the cri-sis than European and North American economies. Mexico’s exports, which comprise mainly telecom equipment, declined by 11 per cent in early 2009.

China’s exports performed above-average in all three components of the offi ce and telecom equipment category. Other developing economy exporters experienced further weakening of their exports for products in which they did not have a clear export specialization. They showed more resilience in sectors in which they are relatively specialized.

Q1 2007 Q2 2007 Q3 2007 Q4 2007 Q1 2008 Q2 2008 Q3 2008 Q4 2008 Q1 200960

80

100

120

140

Chart II.12

(Indices, 2007 Y1=100)

World exports of office and telecom equipment, 2007-09

EDP and office equipment Telecom equipment Integrated circuits

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10

Chart II.13

(Percentage change, year-on-year)

Exports of office and telecom equipment by selected economies

Q4 2008 Q1 20092008

United States

Canada

Mexico

European Union (27)

Japan

China

Asian IT traders*

World

World excludes Hong Kong, China re-exports*Asian IT traders include Singapore, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Chinese Taipei, Thailand and Philippines

61%

66%

58%

10%

74%

51%

43%

42%

52%

48%

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

Q4 2008 Q1 20092008

Chart II.14

(Percentage change, year-on-year)

Performance of main developing economy exporters of office and telecom equipment

Others

China

Thailand

Others

China

South Korea

Indonesia

Mexico

Others

China

Singapore

Taipei, Chinese

Philippines

Integrated circuitsand electronic

components

Telecomequipment

EDP and officeequipment

Product's sharein economy's totalexports of OT equipment, 2007

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Clothing is showing resistance to downward trends

Clothing

Among all exports, clothing is one of the least-affected so far, showing a mere 2.1 per cent decline in the fourth quarter of 2008. Growth during January-September 2008 was modest, resulting in exports expanding by 4.6 per cent in 2008. China, which accounted for 33 per cent of world exports, saw its exports expand by only 4 per cent in 2008, far below the 20.8 per cent growth registered in 2007. With the expiry of the European Union’s growth caps on ten categories of textiles and clothing imports from China, exports to the European Union surged by 37 per cent.

Between 2000 and 2008, the least-developed countries (LDCs) benefi ting from preferential market access increased their share in the EU clothing market from 8.3 per cent to 9.1 per cent. Ninety-nine per cent of EU imports from the LDCs orig-inated from fi ve countries – Bangladesh (81.5 per cent), Cambodia (9.5 per cent), Madagascar (3.7 per cent), Myanmar (2.5 per cent) and Laos (1.9 per cent).

For the United States, the second major clothing market after the Euro-pean Union, imports shrank by 2.8 per cent. Imports from China, its major sup-plier, nearly stagnated at previous year levels. Imports from Viet Nam and Bang-

ladesh increased by 19.8 per cent and 11 per cent respectively. Imports from LDCs increased by 3 per cent, with LDCs increasing their share in the clothing market of the United States from 6.4 per cent in 2000 to 8.8 per cent in 2008. Bangladesh, Cambodia, Haiti, Lesotho and Madagascar dominated, accounting for 98.9 per cent of this market share.

In the last quarter of 2008, exports from China increased by 10.9 per cent and started to decline only during the fi rst quarter of 2009, by a modest 5 per cent. This contributed to the relatively better performance of world trade in clothing compared with other sectors. In contrast, the European Union saw its exports drop by 10.3 per cent in the last quarter of 2008 and further contracted by another 18.1 per cent during the fi rst quarter of 2009. Turkey was particularly hard hit as its exports shrank by 23.7 per cent and 27.2 per cent consecutively over the same period.

EU imports from outside the European Union declined moderately by 2.7 per cent in the last quarter of 2008 and by 9.4 per cent in the fi rst quarter of 2009. The corresponding declines in the imports of the United States were practically of the same magnitude: down by 2.2 per cent during the last quarter of 2008 and down by 10 per cent in the fi rst quarter of 2009. US imports from its major suppliers (China, Viet Nam, Indonesia and Bangladesh) increased in both quarters. Imports from Bangladesh in particular expanded substantially, by 18.4 per cent and 12.9 per cent respectively during the last quarter of 2008 and the fi rst quarter of 2009. Imports of the European Union from China and Bangladesh increased respectively by 19.7 per cent and 13 per cent in the last quarter of 2008 and by a further 3 per cent and 6.9 per cent in the fi rst quarter of 2009. Imports from other countries, especially Turkey, Tunisia and Morocco, shrank considerably in both quarters.

2000 2008

Chart II.15 Clothing exports of China by destination, 2000 and 2008(Percentage)

CIS 3%

EU(27)12%

EU(27)25%

Others 40% Others 32%

United States13%

United States15%

Japan 32%Japan 15%

CIS 13%

-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50

Chart II.16

(Percentage change, year-on-year)

Leading exporters of clothing

* Includes significant re-exports

Q4 2008 Q1 20092008

United StatesMexico

IndonesiaViet Nam

IndiaBangladesh

TurkeyHong Kong, China*

European Union (27)ChinaWorld

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1. Overview

Table II. 1

World merchandise exports by major product group, 2008

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Agricultural products

Total Fuels TotalIron and

steel Chemicals

Office and telecom

equipmentAutomotive

products Textiles Clothing

Value 1342 3530 2862 10458 587 1705 1561 1234 250 362Share in world merchandise trade 8.5 22.5 18.2 66.5 3.7 10.9 9.9 7.8 1.6 2.3Annual percentage change

1980-85 -2 -5 -5 2 -2 1 9 5 -1 41985-90 9 3 0 15 9 14 18 14 15 181990-95 7 2 1 9 8 10 15 8 8 81995-00 -1 10 12 5 -2 4 10 5 0 52000-08 12 19 20 11 19 14 6 10 6 8

2006 11 28 23 13 18 13 14 11 8 122007 20 15 13 15 27 19 4 18 9 122008 19 33 41 10 23 15 3 3 4 5

ManufacturesFuels and mining

products

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Table II.2

World merchandise exports by major product group and region, 2008

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Agricultural products

Total Fuels Total

Iron and steel Chemicals

Office and telecom

equipment Automotive

products Textiles Clothing

World 1341.6 3530.2 2861.9 10458.1 587.2 1705.4 1561.4 1233.5 250.2 361.9Share in total exports 8.5 22.5 18.2 66.5 3.7 10.9 9.9 7.8 1.6 2.3Annual percentage change2000-2008 12 19 20 11 19 14 6 10 6 82007 20 15 13 15 27 19 4 18 9 122008 19 33 41 10 23 15 3 3 4 5North America 212.1 345.9 253.4 1389.2 35.5 228.9 208.1 209.4 16.5 10.7Share in total exports 10.4 17.0 12.4 68.2 1.7 11.2 10.2 10.3 0.8 0.5Annual percentage change2000-2008 8 18 18 5 15 11 0 4 1 -72007 18 17 14 8 16 15 3 8 -2 -152008 19 34 47 5 32 15 2 -5 -3 -3South and Central America 156.9 255.8 163.3 172.6 21.8 36.9 6.0 23.1 3.8 12.4Share in total exports 26.2 42.7 27.2 28.8 3.6 6.2 1.0 3.9 0.6 2.1Annual percentage change2000-2008 15 18 17 11 16 16 4 15 8 12007 23 12 6 14 18 16 -14 10 22 12008 25 25 39 12 13 22 1 11 13 -2Europe 602.6 767.9 552.0 4953.6 263.8 992.7 414.6 676.9 92.1 130.5Share in total exports 9.3 11.9 8.6 76.8 4.1 15.4 6.4 10.5 1.4 2.0Annual percentage change2000-2008 12 18 19 11 18 14 5 11 5 92007 19 13 9 17 28 19 -6 20 11 152008 16 26 40 9 15 13 1 2 -1 6Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 47.7 470.0 416.9 174.8 66.8 41.3 1.9 8.1 2.4 2.0Share in total exports 6.8 66.9 59.3 24.9 9.5 5.9 0.3 1.2 0.3 0.3Annual percentage change2000-2008 17 24 27 19 22 20 17 19 8 62007 34 18 18 25 25 25 34 36 12 82008 20 39 44 32 40 46 27 9 11 9Africa 37.9 393.9 349.7 99.9 12.1 20.8 2.6 7.6 2.3 12.0Share in total exports 6.8 70.6 62.7 17.9 2.2 3.7 0.5 1.4 0.4 2.2Annual percentage change2000-2008 10 21 21 13 18 19 12 21 6 72007 13 18 17 17 23 24 2 6 9 202008 17 31 33 23 19 55 6 42 0 4Middle East 24.2 756.5 740.6 220.3 6.3 59.3 18.5 18.4 9.3 6.0Share in total exports 2.4 74.1 72.5 21.6 0.6 5.8 1.8 1.8 0.9 0.6Annual percentage change2000-2008 16 18 18 17 27 22 9 27 7 112007 18 13 13 24 7 19 6 69 17 52008 35 38 38 24 28 51 30 -8 10 3Asia 260.0 540.2 386.1 3447.8 180.9 325.5 909.8 289.9 123.9 188.3Share in total exports 6.0 12.4 8.9 79.2 4.2 7.5 20.9 6.7 2.8 4.3Annual percentage change2000-2008 13 21 21 12 22 16 9 12 8 102007 20 18 16 16 32 21 10 18 8 132008 22 36 51 11 29 13 3 9 9 5

Fuels and mining products Manufactures

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

43

II

43

Table II.3

Exports Imports

Share in total merchandiseWorld 8.5 8.5North America 10.4 6.1South and Central America 26.2 9.3Europe 9.3 9.4Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 6.8 10.7Africa 6.8 14.2Middle East 2.4 11.2Asia 6.0 7.6

Share in primary productsWorld 27.5 27.5North America 38.0 20.9South and Central America 38.0 30.5Europe 44.0 32.6Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 9.2 45.8Africa 8.8 46.2Middle East 3.1 53.9Asia 32.5 19.7

Share of agricultural products in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2008

(Percentage)

Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat's network of world merchandise trade by product and region.

Table II.4

Exports Imports

Share in total merchandiseWorld 22.5 22.5North America 17.0 23.1South and Central America 42.7 21.1Europe 11.9 19.4Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 66.9 12.6Africa 70.6 16.5Middle East 74.1 9.6Asia 12.4 30.8

Share in primary productsWorld 72.5 72.5North America 62.0 79.1South and Central America 62.0 69.5Europe 56.0 67.4Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 90.8 54.2Africa 91.2 53.8Middle East 96.9 46.1Asia 67.5 80.3

Share of fuels and mining products in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2008

(Percentage)

Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat's network of world merchandise trade by product and region.

Table II.5

Exports Imports

Share in total merchandiseWorld 18.2 18.2North America 12.4 20.3South and Central America 27.2 18.7Europe 8.6 15.2Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 59.3 10.4Africa 62.7 13.8Middle East 72.5 7.3Asia 8.9 24.3

Share in primary productsWorld 58.7 58.7North America 45.4 69.4South and Central America 39.6 61.4Europe 40.3 52.8Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 80.5 44.8Africa 81.0 44.9Middle East 94.8 35.1Asia 48.2 63.5

Share of fuels in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2008

(Percentage)

Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat's network of world merchandise trade by product and region.

Table II.6

Exports Imports

Share in total merchandiseWorld 66.5 66.5North America 68.2 68.8South and Central America 28.8 66.8Europe 76.8 69.2Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 24.9 75.5Africa 17.9 66.2Middle East 21.6 75.9Asia 79.2 59.4

Share of manufactures in total merchandise trade by region, 2008

(Percentage)

Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat's network of world merchandise trade by product and region.

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

44

Table II.7

Exports Imports

Share in total merchandiseWorld 3.7 3.7North America 1.7 2.6South and Central America 3.6 3.5Europe 4.1 3.9Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 9.5 4.3Africa 2.2 5.0Middle East 0.6 7.8Asia 4.2 3.5

Share in manufacturesWorld 5.6 5.6North America 2.6 3.8South and Central America 12.6 5.2Europe 5.3 5.7Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 38.2 5.8Africa 12.1 7.5Middle East 2.9 10.2Asia 5.2 5.8

Share of iron and steel in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2008

(Percentage)

Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat's network of world merchandise trade by product and region.

Table II.8

Exports Imports

Share in total merchandiseWorld 10.9 10.9North America 11.2 8.9South and Central America 6.2 13.7Europe 15.4 12.9Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 5.9 9.4Africa 3.7 9.6Middle East 5.8 7.2Asia 7.5 9.3

Share in manufacturesWorld 16.3 16.3North America 16.5 13.0South and Central America 21.4 20.6Europe 20.0 18.6Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 23.6 12.5Africa 20.9 14.5Middle East 26.9 9.5Asia 9.4 15.7

Share of chemicals in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2008

(Percentage)

Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat's network of world merchandise trade by product and region.

Table II.9

(Percentage)

Exports Imports

Share in total merchandise

World 9.9 9.9North America 10.2 11.8South and Central America 1.0 7.0Europe 6.4 8.1Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.3 5.2Africa 0.5 5.0Middle East 1.8 6.1Asia 20.9 14.4

Australia, Japan and New Zealand 10.7 9.3Other Asia 23.9 16.0

Share in manufactures

World 14.9 14.9North America 15.0 17.1South and Central America 3.5 10.5Europe 8.4 11.8Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 1.1 6.9Africa 2.6 7.6Middle East 8.4 8.0Asia 26.4 24.3

Australia, Japan and New Zealand 14.6 18.1Other Asia 29.6 25.9

Share of office and telecom equipment in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2008

Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat's network of world merchandise trade by product and region.

Table II.10

(Percentage)

Exports Imports

Share in total merchandise

World 7.8 7.8North America 10.3 10.7South and Central America 3.9 8.4Europe 10.5 8.8Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 1.2 13.4Africa 1.4 9.3Middle East 1.8 11.3Asia 6.7 3.0

Australia, Japan and New Zealand 17.6 4.5Other Asia 3.4 2.6

Share in manufactures

World 11.8 11.8North America 15.1 15.5South and Central America 13.4 12.6Europe 13.7 12.7Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 4.7 17.7Africa 7.6 14.0Middle East 8.4 14.9Asia 8.4 5.1

Australia, Japan and New Zealand 24.0 8.8Other Asia 4.2 4.1

Share of automotive products in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2008

Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat's network of world merchandise trade by product and region.

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

45

II

45

Table II.11

(Percentage)

Exports Imports

Share in total merchandise

World 1.6 1.6North America 0.8 1.2South and Central America 0.6 2.3Europe 1.4 1.4Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.3 2.1Africa 0.4 3.6Middle East 0.9 2.7Asia 2.8 1.6

Australia, Japan and New Zealand 0.8 1.1Other Asia 3.5 1.8

Share in manufactures

World 2.4 2.4North America 1.2 1.8South and Central America 2.2 3.5Europe 1.9 2.1Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 1.4 2.8Africa 2.3 5.4Middle East 4.2 3.6Asia 3.6 2.7

Australia, Japan and New Zealand 1.1 2.2Other Asia 4.3 2.8

Share of textiles in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2008

Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat's network of world merchandise trade by product and region.

Table II.12

(Percentage)

Exports Imports

Share in total merchandise

World 2.3 2.3North America 0.5 3.1South and Central America 2.1 1.4Europe 2.0 2.7Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.3 4.7Africa 2.2 1.5Middle East 0.6 2.1Asia 4.3 1.2

Australia, Japan and New Zealand 0.1 3.1Other Asia 5.6 0.6

Share in manufactures

World 3.5 3.5North America 0.8 4.4South and Central America 7.2 2.0Europe 2.6 3.9Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 1.1 6.2Africa 12.0 2.2Middle East 2.7 2.8Asia 5.5 2.0

Australia, Japan and New Zealand 0.1 5.9Other Asia 6.9 1.0

Share of clothing in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2008

Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat's network of world merchandise trade by product and region.

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

46

2. Agricultural products

Table II.13

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

World 1341.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 12 20 19Europe

World 602.6 100.0 100.0 44.3 44.9 12 19 16Europe 485.0 79.0 80.5 35.0 36.2 12 20 15Asia 31.2 6.1 5.2 2.7 2.3 10 14 16North America 23.7 5.4 3.9 2.4 1.8 8 7 -1Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 21.0 2.0 3.5 0.9 1.6 20 26 27Africa 20.6 3.3 3.4 1.4 1.5 13 24 35Middle East 14.2 2.5 2.3 1.1 1.1 11 15 29South and Central America 5.6 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.4 8 17 22

AsiaWorld 260.0 100.0 100.0 18.3 19.4 13 20 22Asia 142.5 60.8 54.8 11.2 10.6 11 18 19Europe 40.6 15.2 15.6 2.8 3.0 13 20 19North America 32.7 13.8 12.6 2.5 2.4 11 12 15Middle East 18.4 4.5 7.1 0.8 1.4 19 30 54Africa 13.6 2.7 5.2 0.5 1.0 22 38 40Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 6.5 1.1 2.5 0.2 0.5 25 33 33South and Central America 4.3 1.0 1.7 0.2 0.3 20 35 38

North AmericaWorld 212.1 100.0 100.0 20.9 15.8 8 18 19North America 83.9 42.6 39.6 8.9 6.3 7 9 12Asia 70.0 31.6 33.0 6.6 5.2 9 21 26Europe 22.8 13.7 10.7 2.9 1.7 5 17 10South and Central America 16.4 5.4 7.7 1.1 1.2 13 32 37Africa 8.8 2.8 4.1 0.6 0.7 13 61 24Middle East 7.0 2.7 3.3 0.6 0.5 11 46 40Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 3.1 0.9 1.4 0.2 0.2 14 50 43

South and Central AmericaWorld 156.9 100.0 100.0 9.6 11.7 15 23 25Europe 49.2 33.9 31.4 3.2 3.7 13 27 21Asia 33.0 15.8 21.0 1.5 2.5 19 31 31South and Central America 27.2 18.6 17.3 1.8 2.0 14 34 38North America 21.5 22.0 13.7 2.1 1.6 8 8 6Africa 9.5 3.0 6.0 0.3 0.7 25 23 31Middle East 8.1 3.9 5.2 0.4 0.6 19 23 27Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 7.6 2.2 4.9 0.2 0.6 26 4 33

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)World 47.7 100.0 100.0 2.4 3.6 17 34 20Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 15.3 27.9 32.0 0.7 1.1 20 33 25Europe 13.9 32.1 29.0 0.8 1.0 16 31 29Asia 10.7 29.2 22.4 0.7 0.8 14 21 7Middle East 3.7 2.2 7.7 0.1 0.3 37 49 47Africa 2.7 1.7 5.7 0.0 0.2 37 135 -6North America 0.7 3.2 1.4 0.1 0.1 6 7 -14South and Central America 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 14 -33 269

AfricaWorld 37.9 100.0 100.0 3.2 2.8 10 13 17Europe 18.1 50.1 47.7 1.6 1.3 9 11 14Africa 7.9 18.5 20.7 0.6 0.6 12 17 24Asia 6.1 17.9 16.1 0.6 0.5 9 5 15Middle East 2.1 5.3 5.5 0.2 0.2 11 9 36North America 2.0 5.3 5.4 0.2 0.2 10 -2 24Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.8 1.0 2.1 0.0 0.1 21 28 39South and Central America 0.3 0.9 0.7 0.0 0.0 6 73 9

Middle EastWorld 24.2 100.0 100.0 1.3 1.8 16 18 35Middle East 15.6 57.1 64.3 0.7 1.2 18 20 43Europe 2.6 21.3 10.7 0.3 0.2 7 22 0Africa 1.8 3.5 7.6 0.0 0.1 28 29 28Asia 1.8 8.4 7.3 0.1 0.1 14 -12 17Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 1.0 4.1 4.0 0.1 0.1 16 35 20North America 0.5 2.7 2.1 0.0 0.0 13 28 17South and Central America 0.1 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.0 18 53 47

Exports of agricultural products of regions by destination, 2008

Annual percentage change

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Value Share in region's exports Share in world exports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

47

Table II.14

Value Share Value Share

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 31243 100.0 9 14 11 World 115908 100.0 7 6 6North America 19818 63.4 8 16 13 North America 41089 35.5 5 5 4Asia 3904 12.5 12 13 10 Asia 29656 25.6 10 8 15Europe 3858 12.3 9 14 8 Europe 21317 18.4 7 7 -1South and Central America 2918 9.3 11 11 9 South and Central America 20726 17.9 7 5 5Africa 556 1.8 12 6 21 Africa 2155 1.9 8 -5 22CIS 116 0.4 10 -7 -3 CIS 607 0.5 5 7 -15Middle East 73 0.2 7 18 -5 Middle East 358 0.3 6 18 -10

Economy Economy United States 18562 59.4 8 14 13 Canada 28254 24.4 3 3 3European Union (27) 3546 11.4 10 13 7 European Union (27) 19529 16.8 7 6 -2Mexico 1169 3.7 19 43 2 Mexico 12833 11.1 9 8 6China 1069 3.4 21 16 5 China 6531 5.6 19 13 11Brazil 741 2.4 11 8 2 Brazil 4364 3.8 8 6 3

Above 5 25087 80.3 - - - Above 5 71511 61.7 - - -Thailand 618 2.0 9 19 18 Thailand 4224 3.6 5 4 17Chile 588 1.9 15 14 13 Indonesia 4155 3.6 13 6 29Australia 413 1.3 5 2 -2 Chile 3991 3.4 8 -1 1New Zealand 322 1.0 8 18 -3 Australia 2467 2.1 4 5 -11Indonesia 304 1.0 13 -3 29 Malaysia 2204 1.9 21 27 53Colombia 280 0.9 7 -8 8 Colombia 2044 1.8 6 4 13India 227 0.7 11 1 21 New Zealand 1914 1.7 4 -2 1Guatemala 225 0.7 10 6 17 India 1728 1.5 5 1 24Costa Rica 213 0.7 11 12 10 Viet Nam 1633 1.4 15 18 11Argentina 195 0.6 7 27 6 Ecuador 1566 1.4 6 2 6Peru 184 0.6 16 8 30 Guatemala 1551 1.3 8 16 22Malaysia 173 0.6 14 56 1 Costa Rica 1478 1.3 4 7 -2Viet Nam 171 0.5 15 12 12 Argentina 1367 1.2 6 4 10Ecuador 159 0.5 9 21 24 Philippines 1342 1.2 8 8 23South Africa 155 0.5 7 1 13 Peru 1091 0.9 17 11 13Côte d'Ivoire 124 0.4 17 -15 38 Japan 1054 0.9 5 9 12Switzerland 114 0.4 15 8 24 Korea, Republic of 793 0.7 8 3 19Korea, Republic of 114 0.4 11 7 35 Honduras 793 0.7 6 16 10Turkey 111 0.4 21 49 3 Switzerland 754 0.7 16 53 78Russian Federation 109 0.3 9 -8 0 Côte d'Ivoire 733 0.6 12 -6 45Philippines 105 0.3 11 6 19 Dominican Republic 623 0.5 4 0 -1Taipei, Chinese 97 0.3 10 16 26 Taipei, Chinese 620 0.5 2 10 15Morocco 95 0.3 11 39 -1 Russian Federation 547 0.5 5 6 -17Japan 89 0.3 6 12 6 Turkey 535 0.5 9 18 -12Canada b 82 0.3 ... 8 22 Nicaragua 524 0.5 10 15 23Honduras 56 0.2 23 28 36 Norway 282 0.2 3 27 -22Nigeria 50 0.2 33 51 42 South Africa 275 0.2 1 -8 -3Norway 47 0.2 0 21 -7 El Salvador 273 0.2 4 31 24Nicaragua 39 0.1 15 55 15 Israel 233 0.2 6 8 0Singapore 36 0.1 15 27 84 Singapore 185 0.2 4 25 9El Salvador 34 0.1 13 -75 392 Fiji 183 0.2 20 13 4Hong Kong, China 32 0.1 -1 -5 12 Panama 172 0.1 1 -4 -3Pakistan 29 0.1 17 5 83 Uruguay 155 0.1 5 8 -61Jamaica 28 0.1 3 13 5 Morocco 153 0.1 11 20 16Uruguay 25 0.1 -8 111 -69 Bangladesh 153 0.1 0 -15 -13

Above 40 30729 98.4 - - - Above 40 113305 97.8 - - -

Imports of agricultural products of selected economies by origin, 2008

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

(Million dollars and percentage)

United States Canada a

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

48

Table II.14 (continued)

Value Share Value Share

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 611746 100.0 12 21 15 World 80627 100.0 3 5 17Europe 458649 75.0 12 20 15 Asia 31561 39.1 3 1 11South and Central America 54995 9.0 13 28 19 North America 28784 35.7 3 8 27Asia 40425 6.6 12 19 20 Europe 10169 12.6 5 11 15Africa 23126 3.8 9 19 10 South and Central America 6372 7.9 6 6 21North America 21305 3.5 4 16 10 CIS 1971 2.4 0 8 -7CIS 9840 1.6 13 25 21 Africa 1582 2.0 2 3 7Middle East 2823 0.5 6 16 -3 Middle East 145 0.2 2 24 -6

Economy Economy European Union (27) 438693 71.7 12 21 15 United States 21697 26.9 2 9 27Brazil 21797 3.6 14 37 12 European Union (27) 8873 11.0 5 11 13United States 15751 2.6 4 16 12 China 7971 9.9 2 -4 -10Argentina 12625 2.1 16 30 38 Canada 6321 7.8 3 4 31China 8040 1.3 16 27 13 Australia 5987 7.4 5 3 12

Above 5 496906 81.2 - - - Above 5 50850 63.1 - - -Indonesia 5914 1.0 14 13 43 Thailand 4616 5.7 6 -2 31Norway 5337 0.9 8 11 5 Brazil 2727 3.4 11 6 47Turkey 5075 0.8 12 9 9 Indonesia 2449 3.0 5 5 24Russian Federation 4750 0.8 8 21 -3 Chile 2086 2.6 5 3 6Switzerland 4622 0.8 14 26 19 Russian Federation 1922 2.4 0 7 -6Thailand 4571 0.7 12 26 25 Korea, Republic of 1653 2.1 -2 0 23Chile 4509 0.7 15 22 13 Malaysia 1585 2.0 6 18 25Canada 4360 0.7 2 15 0 New Zealand 1539 1.9 3 7 10Malaysia 4034 0.7 13 12 20 Philippines 1313 1.6 6 8 30Ukraine 3899 0.6 30 38 91 Viet Nam 1260 1.6 9 -1 16India 3704 0.6 12 23 28 India 1076 1.3 3 8 50South Africa 3502 0.6 10 21 9 Taipei, Chinese 1075 1.3 -2 -5 11Côte d'Ivoire 3320 0.5 9 20 22 Mexico 769 1.0 7 13 21New Zealand 3169 0.5 8 7 6 South Africa 625 0.8 4 -4 -2Viet Nam 3052 0.5 23 37 20 Norway 615 0.8 -1 13 30Ecuador 2978 0.5 16 20 27 Singapore 506 0.6 7 17 34Morocco 2969 0.5 12 26 5 Colombia 369 0.5 6 -4 33Colombia 2772 0.5 11 20 23 Argentina 321 0.4 3 73 -23Australia 2363 0.4 2 4 -3 Peru 231 0.3 9 -1 -5Peru 1931 0.3 15 18 13 Turkey 196 0.2 13 26 13Costa Rica 1923 0.3 11 24 8 Switzerland 192 0.2 22 66 124Ghana 1698 0.3 17 26 24 Morocco 170 0.2 -7 18 16Iceland 1564 0.3 7 11 -6 Ecuador 149 0.2 -5 -13 11Israel 1519 0.2 7 26 -12 Guatemala 148 0.2 7 4 52Kenya 1514 0.2 10 11 15 Iceland 129 0.2 -1 1 8Uruguay 1479 0.2 21 18 76 Mauritania 111 0.1 4 4 9Cameroon 1367 0.2 7 16 8 Hong Kong, China 110 0.1 9 102 117Mexico 1183 0.2 12 26 24 Myanmar 109 0.1 4 5 -13Philippines 985 0.2 11 15 28 Sri Lanka 105 0.1 -2 -4 -2Tunisia 946 0.2 12 -9 11 Paraguay 92 0.1 21 28 179Croatia 923 0.2 15 4 -2 Tanzania 91 0.1 10 -2 68Serbia 842 0.1 ... 19 -2 Greenland 82 0.1 -2 2 28Egypt 825 0.1 16 29 0 Nigeria 77 0.1 22 -28 212Japan 779 0.1 7 21 15 Uruguay 76 0.1 6 -34 65Nigeria 723 0.1 13 24 16 Tunisia 63 0.1 23 32 35

Above 40 592010 96.8 - - - Above 40 79489 98.6 - - -

a Imports are valued f.o.b.

Imports of agricultural products of selected economies by origin, 2008

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

(Million dollars and percentage)

European Union (27) Japan

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

49

Table II.15

2008 1980 1990 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

Exporters European Union (27) 566.32 - - 41.8 42.2 12 10 19 15

extra-EU (27) exports 127.63 - - 10.1 9.5 11 13 16 17United States 139.97 17.0 14.3 12.9 10.4 9 12 23 23Brazil 61.40 3.4 2.4 2.8 4.6 19 13 22 27Canada 54.08 5.0 5.4 6.3 4.0 6 7 10 11China 42.29 1.5 2.4 3.0 3.2 13 13 19 9Argentina 37.50 1.9 1.8 2.2 2.8 15 11 35 30Indonesia 32.86 1.6 1.0 1.4 2.4 20 27 33 38Thailand 31.66 1.2 1.9 2.2 2.4 13 21 16 27Malaysia 27.80 2.0 1.8 1.5 2.1 17 16 32 35Australia 26.14 3.3 2.9 3.0 1.9 6 5 1 17Russian Federation 25.02 - - 1.4 1.9 16 19 37 6India 21.37 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.6 17 22 32 29New Zealand 17.90 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 11 2 21 12Mexico 17.56 0.8 0.8 1.6 1.3 9 15 8 13Chile 15.61 0.4 0.7 1.2 1.2 12 14 19 14Above 15 1117.47 - - 83.6 83.3 - - - -

Importers European Union (27) 611.75 - - 42.4 43.3 12 9 21 15

extra-EU (27) imports 173.05 - - 13.2 12.2 10 9 21 15United States 115.91 8.7 9.0 11.5 8.2 7 8 6 6China 86.83 2.1 1.8 3.3 6.1 20 14 27 33Japan 80.63 9.6 11.5 10.4 5.7 3 -1 5 17Russian Federation a 34.27 - - 1.5 2.4 18 22 15 27Canada b 31.24 1.8 2.0 2.6 2.2 9 13 14 11Korea, Republic of 26.36 1.5 2.2 2.1 1.9 9 11 18 20Mexico b 25.92 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.8 11 12 19 18Hong Kong, China 16.50 - - - - 4 7 13 23

retained imports 10.46 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.7 6 7 10 22Saudi Arabia a 15.86 1.5 0.8 0.9 1.1 14 8 26 27United Arab Emirates a 14.64 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.0 18 22 28 30Malaysia 13.36 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.9 14 17 25 26Indonesia 13.31 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.9 11 2 40 27Turkey 13.04 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.9 15 12 35 33Taipei, Chinese 12.55 1.1 1.4 1.3 0.9 6 2 12 16Above 15 1106.12 - - 82.0 78.3 - - - -

b Imports are valued f.o.b.

Leading exporters and importers of agricultural products, 2008

a Includes Secretariat estimates.

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Share in world exports/imports Annual percentage change Value

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

50

Table II.16

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

World 414723 | 551827 942353 1128734 1341564 8.8 8.5Argentina 7482 11954 21351 28806 37502 45.4 53.1Australia 11875 16446 22178 22399 26143 25.7 13.9Belarus - 761 1844 2231 2637 10.4 8.0Brazil 9779 15464 39528 48287 61400 28.1 31.0Cameroon b 695 438 1011 1099 1142 23.9 26.2Canada 22339 34789 44208 48726 54075 12.6 11.8Chile 2779 6399 11490 13632 15605 33.3 23.5China 10060 16384 32542 38858 42291 6.6 3.0Colombia 2514 3106 4922 5858 6693 23.8 17.8Costa Rica 927 1812 2372 2878 3353 30.9 34.7Côte d'Ivoire b 2374 2308 3508 3898 4785 59.4 47.4Croatia ... 595 1520 1732 1848 13.4 13.1Ecuador 1236 1948 3945 4245 5232 39.5 28.3Egypt b 669 613 1105 1528 2929 13.1 11.5Ethiopia 260 406 908 1034 1370 83.5 85.5European Union (27) - 230390 411024 490867 566324 9.4 9.6 intra-EU (27) exports - 174774 316888 381984 438693 10.5 11.0 extra-EU (27) exports - 55616 94136 108883 127631 7.1 6.6Ghana b ... 621 1760 2159 2602 37.2 49.3Guatemala 849 1618 | 2229 2843 3233 60.0 41.8Honduras b 680 782 1133 1300 1607 23.4 26.6Hong Kong, China 4556 5693 4688 5481 6743 2.8 1.8 domestic exports 821 454 576 652 704 1.9 4.1 re-exports 3735 5240 4113 4826 6039 2.9 1.7Iceland 1274 1257 1857 2083 2079 66.1 38.6India 3506 5931 12499 16523 21372 14.0 12.0Indonesia 4154 7764 17907 23805 32857 11.9 23.6Iran, Islamic Rep. of b 601 932 2911 3512 3577 3.2 3.2Israel 1327 1182 1799 2253 2114 3.8 3.5Japan 3298 4395 6482 7565 8351 0.9 1.1Kenya 559 1062 1898 2231 2776 61.3 55.8Korea, Republic of 2985 4298 5346 6319 7636 2.5 1.8Malawi b 382 342 454 617 680 90.2 88.3Malaysia 7500 8015 15573 20515 27797 8.2 13.9Mexico 3466 9100 14468 15589 17558 5.5 6.0Morocco 1228 1746 2629 3009 3279 23.5 16.3New Zealand 5966 7642 13235 16045 17902 57.6 58.5Nicaragua 295 547 843 976 1207 84.8 81.1Norway 3077 4244 6604 7508 8876 7.1 5.1Pakistan 1081 1234 2210 2327 3901 13.7 19.2Panama 263 580 862 937 959 67.5 81.3Paraguay 863 699 1582 2376 4012 80.4 90.5Peru 789 1911 3812 4184 5265 27.2 16.9Philippines 1683 2026 2830 3237 3961 5.1 8.1Russian Federation - 7527 17192 23565 25021 7.1 5.3Serbia ... ... 1372 1822 2100 ... 19.1Serbia and Montenegro ... 389 ... ... ... 22.6 20.1Singapore 4095 3723 | 5088 5981 7181 2.7 2.1 domestic exports 1183 1202 | 2359 2416 3149 1.5 1.8 re-exports 2912 2521 | 2730 3565 4031 4.3 2.5South Africa 1691 3227 5022 5573 7037 10.8 8.7Sri Lanka b 758 1093 1695 2049 2345 20.1 27.7Switzerland 2244 2521 | 4693 5993 7634 3.1 3.8Syrian Arab Republic b 767 621 | 2133 2542 1499 13.4 10.5Taipei, Chinese 3732 3509 4360 4557 4985 2.4 1.9Tanzania b ... 432 744 889 943 65.9 31.1Thailand 7786 12220 21552 24960 31662 17.7 17.8Tunisia 418 548 1456 1516 1807 9.4 9.4Turkey 3300 3828 8364 9488 11204 13.8 8.5Uganda ... 292 598 825 1006 63.4 46.1Ukraine - 1585 5132 6828 11334 10.9 16.9United Arab Emirates b 501 2818 4786 5502 7788 5.7 3.4United States 59404 71408 92644 113697 139967 9.1 10.9Uruguay 1025 1278 2566 2864 4129 55.7 69.4Viet Nam b ... 3954 9304 11331 13922 27.3 22.1

a Or nearest year. b Includes Secretariat estimates.

Value

Exports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

Share in economy's total merchandise exports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

51

Table II.17

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Algeria 2766 2815 4506 6103 9098 30.7 23.0Argentina 326 1644 1396 2225 3242 6.5 5.6Australia b 2735 4234 7268 8919 10436 5.9 5.4Bangladesh c, d 835 1716 3720 5322 6822 19.3 28.6Belarus - 1227 2244 2487 3419 14.2 8.7Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 986 1970 3277 4487 7956 13.5 16.0Bosnia and Herzegovina ... ... 1378 1659 2083 ... 17.0Brazil e 2690 4762 5487 7266 9690 8.5 5.6Canada b 9009 15272 24562 28080 31243 6.4 7.7Chile 461 1421 2653 3442 4554 7.7 7.4China 7855 19544 51653 65368 86830 8.7 7.7Colombia 593 1736 2704 3470 4542 15.0 11.5Côte d'Ivoire ... 453 1038 1202 1597 16.3 22.3Croatia ... 777 2023 2342 2820 9.9 9.2Cuba d ... 826 1556 ... ... 17.1 16.4Dominican Republic b, d 413 964 1336 1697 2052 10.2 12.7Ecuador 206 423 985 1289 1682 11.4 9.0Egypt d 4793 4208 4733 6242 9520 30.0 19.7El Salvador d 158 692 983 1377 1603 14.0 16.4European Union (27) f - 253703 441170 532091 611746 9.8 9.8 extra-EU (27) imports - 78952 124310 150107 173053 8.6 7.6Guatemala 196 673 | 1379 1689 2008 14.1 13.8Hong Kong, China 8325 11728 11904 13429 16502 5.5 4.2 retained imports 4591 6488 7792 8603 10463 18.6 22.1India 1721 3953 7761 9730 11789 7.7 4.0Indonesia 2126 5727 7487 10473 13312 13.1 10.6Iran, Islamic Rep. of d 3830 2943 4270 5196 7846 21.2 13.7Israel 1565 2288 3253 4018 5059 6.1 7.5Japan 50762 62185 65594 68817 80627 16.4 10.6Jordan 709 942 1671 2200 3043 20.5 18.0Kazakhstan - 506 1849 2522 3174 10.0 8.4Korea, Republic of 9531 12837 18579 21943 26355 8.0 6.1Kuwait 589 1312 2373 2906 4135 18.3 16.6Lebanon b, d ... 1210 1607 2050 2307 19.4 13.8Malaysia 2404 4610 8505 10612 13355 5.6 8.5Mexico b 5374 10989 18462 21901 25920 6.3 8.4Morocco 1096 1941 2832 4691 5782 16.8 13.8New Zealand 756 1204 2329 2841 3396 8.7 9.9Nigeria d 658 1212 4265 6773 10516 13.9 25.2Norway 2090 2956 5241 6770 8353 8.6 9.4Oman 506 1158 1230 1644 2614 22.6 11.4Pakistan 1568 1882 4131 4518 7103 17.3 16.8Peru d 668 998 1795 2466 3608 13.5 12.0Philippines 1665 3104 4073 4671 6948 8.4 11.5Russian Federation d - 9262 23377 26884 34266 20.7 11.7Saudi Arabia d 3487 5663 9851 12445 15861 18.7 13.8Senegal d 372 394 917 1292 1778 25.9 31.2Singapore 4702 4890 | 6985 8370 10020 3.6 3.1 retained imports 1789 2369 | 4255 4805 5989 3.1 3.8South Africa b 1219 1650 3687 4832 5364 6.2 6.1Sri Lanka d 549 934 1333 1509 2022 13.0 14.4Sudan ... 376 1090 545 1261 24.2 13.8Switzerland 5920 5693 8854 10387 12325 6.9 6.7Syrian Arab Republic d 791 850 | 1810 2176 3468 22.3 18.9Taipei, Chinese 6203 7899 9659 10847 12554 5.6 5.2Thailand 3230 4484 7347 8446 11668 7.2 6.5Tunisia 819 968 1574 2298 2985 11.3 12.1Turkey 2806 4133 7286 9812 13037 7.6 6.5Ukraine - 1092 3574 4584 6995 7.8 8.2United Arab Emirates d 1726 3857 8811 11295 14643 11.0 8.8United States 39966 69115 103648 109572 115908 5.5 5.3Viet Nam d 236 1269 4411 5870 7714 8.1 9.6Yemen ... ... 1549 2183 2473 ... 24.8

a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Figures refer to fiscal year. d Includes Secretariat estimates. e Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. f See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports.

Value

Imports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

Share in economy's total merchandise imports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

52

2.1 Food

Table II.18

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

World 1114.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 13 21 22Europe

World 514.1 100.0 100.0 46.7 46.1 12 20 17Europe 415.5 78.3 80.8 36.6 37.3 13 21 17Asia 22.3 5.6 4.3 2.6 2.0 9 17 16North America 21.4 5.9 4.2 2.7 1.9 8 8 0Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 19.0 2.2 3.7 1.0 1.7 20 25 27Africa 17.4 3.4 3.4 1.6 1.6 12 22 39Middle East 12.6 2.8 2.4 1.3 1.1 11 13 33South and Central America 4.9 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.4 7 17 22

AsiaWorld 205.0 100.0 100.0 17.9 18.4 13 22 25Asia 106.9 59.2 52.2 10.6 9.6 11 20 22Europe 31.5 14.0 15.4 2.5 2.8 14 22 22North America 26.4 14.9 12.9 2.7 2.4 11 13 14Middle East 17.2 5.5 8.4 1.0 1.5 19 31 58Africa 12.6 3.2 6.2 0.6 1.1 22 40 42Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 6.0 1.4 2.9 0.2 0.5 24 35 33South and Central America 3.1 0.9 1.5 0.2 0.3 20 42 47

North AmericaWorld 169.0 100.0 100.0 18.5 15.2 10 22 26North America 69.1 41.0 40.9 7.6 6.2 10 13 18Asia 51.8 32.1 30.7 6.0 4.6 9 27 35Europe 16.2 11.8 9.6 2.2 1.5 7 18 18South and Central America 14.3 6.2 8.4 1.1 1.3 14 36 43Africa 8.1 3.7 4.8 0.7 0.7 14 64 24Middle East 6.4 3.5 3.8 0.7 0.6 11 46 43Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 2.9 1.3 1.7 0.2 0.3 14 52 41

South and Central AmericaWorld 140.8 100.0 100.0 10.6 12.6 15 24 26Europe 44.2 34.0 31.4 3.6 4.0 14 26 22Asia 28.2 14.8 20.0 1.6 2.5 20 30 33South and Central America 25.6 19.6 18.2 2.1 2.3 14 35 40North America 17.5 20.8 12.4 2.2 1.6 8 10 7Africa 9.3 3.4 6.6 0.4 0.8 25 23 32Middle East 7.9 4.3 5.6 0.5 0.7 19 21 27Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 7.4 2.5 5.3 0.3 0.7 26 3 33

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)World 31.9 100.0 100.0 1.6 2.9 21 42 28Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 13.4 41.8 41.8 0.7 1.2 21 36 26Europe 7.8 20.9 24.4 0.3 0.7 23 45 55Asia 4.5 26.2 13.9 0.4 0.4 12 18 14Middle East 3.1 2.3 9.7 0.0 0.3 44 53 58Africa 2.3 1.6 7.2 0.0 0.2 46 161 -6North America 0.5 5.3 1.7 0.1 0.0 5 12 -19South and Central America 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 34 -42 417

Annual percentage change

Exports of food of regions by destination, 2008

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Value Share in region's exports Share in world exports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

53

Table II.19

Value Share Value Share

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 27048 100.0 10 16 13 World 95184 100.0 8 9 9North America 17136 63.4 10 19 16 North America 32600 34.2 8 10 12Europe 3573 13.2 10 14 9 Asia 23561 24.8 9 9 14Asia 3079 11.4 11 14 9 Europe 19203 20.2 7 10 0South and Central America 2617 9.7 11 11 9 South and Central America 17314 18.2 7 8 6Africa 493 1.8 12 5 21 Africa 1707 1.8 7 -5 24CIS 82 0.3 7 -2 -18 CIS 503 0.5 4 15 -20Middle East 68 0.3 7 18 -6 Middle East 296 0.3 6 15 -8

Economy Economy United States 15918 58.9 10 17 17 Canada 20305 21.3 8 11 16European Union (27) 3272 12.1 10 13 9 European Union (27) 17556 18.4 7 9 -1Mexico 1147 4.2 20 43 1 Mexico 12291 12.9 9 8 6China 804 3.0 19 16 6 China 5379 5.7 21 18 14Brazil 617 2.3 12 7 2 Chile 3490 3.7 9 6 4Above 5 21758 80.4 - - - Above 5 59022 62.0 - - -Chile 559 2.1 15 13 13 Thailand 3441 3.6 5 2 15Thailand 532 2.0 9 23 19 Brazil 2759 2.9 9 15 3Australia 408 1.5 5 2 -2 Australia 2395 2.5 5 5 -12New Zealand 313 1.2 8 18 -4 Indonesia 2278 2.4 11 4 31Guatemala 220 0.8 10 5 17 Malaysia 1955 2.1 26 38 60Colombia 216 0.8 6 -12 9 New Zealand 1672 1.8 5 -1 4India 210 0.8 11 -1 22 Viet Nam 1556 1.6 14 17 11Costa Rica 205 0.8 11 11 11 Guatemala 1476 1.6 8 16 21Argentina 185 0.7 6 33 6 Costa Rica 1384 1.5 4 8 -2Peru 176 0.7 16 8 29 Colombia 1364 1.4 6 -1 20Viet Nam 162 0.6 15 16 10 Ecuador 1341 1.4 6 2 7South Africa 150 0.6 8 2 14 India 1316 1.4 4 3 19Ecuador 126 0.5 9 20 30 Argentina 1310 1.4 6 8 12Malaysia 119 0.4 23 94 4 Philippines 1266 1.3 8 7 23Côte d'Ivoire 119 0.4 17 -16 41 Peru 1035 1.1 18 14 16Switzerland 112 0.4 16 9 24 Honduras 763 0.8 6 16 10Turkey 105 0.4 22 52 1 Switzerland 720 0.8 17 51 91Indonesia 100 0.4 8 -7 43 Japan 708 0.7 5 9 15Philippines 98 0.4 11 8 24 Côte d'Ivoire 675 0.7 11 -8 44Morocco 93 0.3 11 39 -1 Dominican Republic 600 0.6 4 -1 -2Russian Federation 77 0.3 6 -3 -17 Nicaragua 520 0.5 10 15 22Canada 68 0.3 ... -1 80 Russian Federation 455 0.5 4 14 -22Japan 64 0.2 7 12 10 Turkey 448 0.5 8 15 -15Honduras 56 0.2 23 29 39 Korea, Republic of 380 0.4 8 6 8Taipei, Chinese 53 0.2 6 10 10 Taipei, Chinese 348 0.4 0 7 16Norway 47 0.2 0 21 -7 Norway 274 0.3 3 26 -23Korea, Republic of 41 0.2 4 4 16 El Salvador 269 0.3 4 31 25Nicaragua 39 0.1 15 57 15 South Africa 207 0.2 1 -12 -4Singapore 35 0.1 15 28 89 Israel 181 0.2 6 6 6El Salvador 34 0.1 13 -75 394 Singapore 175 0.2 5 26 10Nigeria 34 0.1 28 59 24 Panama 172 0.2 1 -3 -2Hong Kong, China 30 0.1 0 -4 13 Fiji 169 0.2 21 12 4Jamaica 28 0.1 3 12 5 Bangladesh 147 0.2 0 -17 -14Pakistan 25 0.1 18 8 88 Uruguay 143 0.2 5 10 -61Uruguay 24 0.1 -9 121 -70 Morocco 141 0.1 12 22 19Above 40 26619 98.4 - - - Above 40 93063 97.8 - - -

Imports of food of selected economies by origin, 2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

Canada a United States

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

54

Table II.20

2008 1980 1990 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

Exporters European Union (27) 481.05 - - 43.8 43.2 12 9 20 17

extra-EU (27) exports 104.81 - - 10.7 9.4 11 12 16 19United States 112.63 17.6 13.4 12.6 10.1 10 12 27 28Brazil 54.30 4.2 2.8 3.0 4.9 20 13 23 29Canada 39.33 3.5 3.5 4.1 3.5 11 12 18 23Argentina 36.82 2.3 2.2 2.7 3.3 16 11 35 31China 35.90 1.4 2.5 3.1 3.2 13 13 19 8Indonesia 24.09 0.7 0.9 1.3 2.2 20 16 46 44Thailand 23.29 1.3 2.1 2.3 2.1 11 15 20 32Malaysia 23.12 0.9 1.1 1.3 2.1 20 14 45 43Australia 21.58 3.3 2.5 2.9 1.9 7 5 -2 22India 18.28 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.6 16 16 31 34Mexico 16.50 0.9 1.0 1.9 1.5 9 17 9 13New Zealand 15.29 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.4 13 1 23 14Russian Federation 13.70 - - 0.9 1.2 17 20 47 9Viet Nam a 11.83 ... ... 0.8 1.1 16 17 23 25

Above 15 927.69 - - 83.2 83.3 - - - -Importers

European Union (27) 516.65 - - 42.6 44.1 13 9 21 17 extra-EU (27) imports 140.41 - - 12.2 12.0 12 9 22 19

United States 95.18 8.8 8.9 10.9 8.1 8 10 9 9Japan 66.16 7.2 10.1 10.3 5.6 4 -3 6 20China 49.54 1.4 1.4 1.9 4.2 24 6 41 53Russian Federation a 32.16 - - 1.8 2.7 18 21 16 28Canada b 27.05 1.8 2.1 2.6 2.3 11 15 16 13Mexico b 21.93 1.4 1.3 1.8 1.9 13 13 22 20Korea, Republic of 19.49 0.9 1.2 1.6 1.7 12 12 20 24United Arab Emirates a 15.28 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.3 20 22 27 46Saudi Arabia a 15.25 1.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 14 8 26 29Hong Kong, China 14.12 - - - - 6 7 18 26

retained imports 9.70 1.0 1.2 1.2 0.8 6 4 14 23Malaysia 10.97 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 15 16 25 28Switzerland 10.44 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.9 11 7 18 20Nigeria a 10.07 ... ... 0.2 0.9 31 44 58 55Indonesia 9.38 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.8 14 13 44 19

Above 15 909.27 - - 79.4 77.5 - - - -

b Imports are valued f.o.b.

Leading exporters and importers of food, 2008

a Includes Secretariat estimates.

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Share in world exports/imports Annual percentage change Value

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

55

Table II.21

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

World 315559 | 432121 754711 914823 1114016 6.9 7.1Argentina 6949 11491 20759 28115 36818 43.6 52.2Australia 7937 12583 17937 17619 21576 19.7 11.5Belarus - 495 1478 1762 2209 6.8 6.7Brazil 8697 12808 34341 42125 54303 23.3 27.4Cameroon b 409 272 430 472 564 14.9 13.0Canada 10898 17630 27107 31917 39326 6.4 8.6Chile 1965 4424 8555 9651 11279 23.0 17.0China 7868 13559 27863 33158 35898 5.4 2.5Colombia 2222 2502 3859 4577 5403 19.2 14.4Costa Rica 848 1648 2147 2678 3105 28.1 32.1Côte d'Ivoire ... 1806 2856 3185 3936 46.4 39.0Croatia ... 394 1178 1293 1378 8.9 9.8Ecuador 1198 1758 3431 3742 4558 35.7 24.6Egypt 251 377 898 1268 2526 8.0 9.9Ethiopia 186 321 736 780 1156 66.0 72.2European Union (27) - 189387 342490 410555 481046 7.7 8.2 intra-EU (27) exports - 143213 266703 322376 376238 8.6 9.5 extra-EU (27) exports - 46174 75787 88179 104808 5.9 5.4Ghana b ... 513 1568 1896 2337 30.7 44.3Guatemala 778 1518 | 2010 2575 2915 56.3 37.7Honduras b 649 730 1079 1246 1550 21.8 25.6Hong Kong, China 3385 3664 2988 3779 4913 1.8 1.3 domestic exports 742 363 445 478 493 1.5 2.9 re-exports 2644 3302 2543 3298 4420 1.8 1.3Iceland 1266 1240 1829 2060 2045 65.2 38.0India 2782 5398 10406 13668 18275 12.7 10.3Indonesia 2853 5526 11453 16681 24090 8.4 17.3Iran, Islamic Rep. of b ... 818 2690 3286 3261 2.8 2.9Israel 1022 824 1393 1799 1717 2.6 2.8Japan 1706 2170 3147 3623 3980 0.5 0.5Kenya 502 927 1483 1745 2111 53.5 42.5Korea, Republic of 2162 2665 2985 3343 3938 1.5 0.9Malawi b 374 331 431 584 644 87.4 83.6Malaysia 3434 5440 11175 16203 23121 5.5 11.6Mexico 3057 8179 13473 14623 16500 4.9 5.7Morocco 1105 1596 2414 2790 3084 21.5 15.3New Zealand 4272 5825 10929 13442 15287 43.9 50.0Nicaragua 251 534 830 962 1194 82.8 80.2Norway 2365 3827 6013 6822 8070 6.4 4.7Pakistan 516 964 2002 2116 3621 10.7 17.8Panama 258 569 852 925 948 66.2 80.3Paraguay 502 564 1445 2219 3873 64.9 87.4Peru 703 1736 3490 3839 4894 24.7 15.7Philippines 1532 1815 2589 2982 3650 4.6 7.4Russian Federation - 3805 8555 12599 13697 3.6 2.9Serbia ... ... 1224 1642 1906 ... 17.4Serbia and Montenegro ... 290 ... ... ... 16.9 17.5Singapore 2747 3091 | 4226 5116 6208 2.2 1.8 domestic exports 1077 1092 | 1878 2237 2923 1.4 1.7 re-exports 1671 1999 | 2348 2879 3286 3.4 2.0South Africa ... 2232 3785 4213 5429 7.4 6.7Sri Lanka 649 ... 1514 1834 2092 ... 24.8Switzerland 1756 2007 | 4097 5281 6870 2.5 3.4Syrian Arab Republic b 577 408 | 1899 2401 1101 8.8 7.7Taipei, Chinese 2703 1819 1932 2001 2480 1.2 1.0Tanzania b ... 359 620 726 737 54.8 24.3Thailand 6611 9924 14684 17690 23293 14.4 13.1Tunisia 384 510 1384 1444 1716 8.7 8.9Turkey 2906 3521 7932 9007 10704 12.7 8.1Uganda ... 241 523 739 923 52.4 42.3Ukraine - 1339 4609 6192 10754 9.2 16.1United Arab Emirates b 73 2706 4432 5062 7495 5.4 3.2United States 42422 54341 69160 87753 112631 6.9 8.7Uruguay 670 1064 2181 2389 3500 46.4 58.8Viet Nam b ... 3666 7684 9474 11830 25.3 18.8

a Or nearest year. b Includes Secretariat estimates.

Value

Exports of food of selected economies, 1990-2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

Share in economy's total merchandise exports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

56

Table II.22

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Algeria 2306 2578 4062 5473 8457 28.1 21.4Argentina 164 1267 889 1654 2616 5.0 4.6Australia b 1943 3245 6196 7650 9000 4.6 4.7Bangladesh c, d 650 1254 2620 3946 5059 14.1 21.2Belarus - 1027 1905 2091 2899 11.9 7.3Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 739 1704 2928 4045 7365 11.7 14.8Bosnia and Herzegovina ... ... 1272 1542 1928 ... 15.7Brazil e 2112 3665 4095 5554 7557 6.6 4.4Canada b 7143 12027 20539 23890 27048 5.0 6.6Chile 308 1228 2348 3085 4178 6.6 6.7China 4619 9043 22917 32422 49543 4.0 4.4Colombia 395 1405 2277 3013 4021 12.2 10.1Côte d'Ivoire ... 427 1006 1163 1546 15.3 21.6Croatia ... 653 1775 2056 2517 8.3 8.2Cuba d ... 765 1502 ... ... 15.8 15.8Ecuador 156 310 856 1145 1504 8.3 8.1Egypt 2903 3531 3936 5242 7981 25.2 16.5El Salvador d 128 613 897 1251 1451 12.4 14.9European Union (27) f - 200032 363571 440518 516652 7.8 8.3 extra-EU (27) imports - 57170 96901 118142 140414 6.2 6.2Guatemala 169 592 | 1236 1531 1837 12.4 12.6Hong Kong, China 6551 9165 9467 11191 14120 4.3 3.6 retained imports 3908 5864 6924 7892 9700 16.8 20.3India 771 2215 4837 5992 7272 4.3 2.5Indonesia 1104 3336 5455 7857 9383 7.7 7.4Iran, Islamic Rep. of d ... 2585 3177 3884 6304 18.6 11.0Israel 1197 1923 2724 3321 4338 5.1 6.4Japan 34154 48580 52146 55281 66159 12.8 8.7Jordan 672 851 1523 2029 2809 18.5 16.6Kazakhstan - 459 1644 2241 2938 9.1 7.8Kenya 199 403 668 990 1289 13.0 11.6Korea, Republic of 3912 7722 13041 15692 19494 4.8 4.5Kuwait 561 1249 2261 2757 3972 17.5 16.0Lebanon b, d ... 1107 1438 1896 2076 17.8 12.4Malaysia 2021 3526 6841 8549 10966 4.3 7.0Mexico b 4326 8485 14998 18239 21929 4.9 7.1Morocco 677 1585 2168 3883 4893 13.7 11.7New Zealand 643 1074 2122 2624 3173 7.7 9.2Nigeria d ... 1159 4112 6490 10071 13.3 24.2Norway 1584 2221 4255 5458 7008 6.5 7.8Oman 486 1122 1167 1562 2494 21.9 10.9Pakistan 1276 1524 3061 2889 5014 14.0 11.8Peru d 621 864 1564 2136 3124 11.6 10.4Philippines 1348 2598 3648 4238 6514 7.0 10.8Russian Federation d - 8292 21782 25184 32164 18.6 11.0Saudi Arabia d 3319 5375 9388 11827 15255 17.8 13.2Senegal d 350 362 858 1221 1693 23.8 29.7Singapore 3685 4354 | 6093 7435 8991 3.2 2.8 retained imports 2014 2354 | 3745 4556 5705 3.1 3.6South Africa b 846 1255 3008 4072 4589 4.7 5.2Sri Lanka 502 ... 1198 1354 1871 ... 13.4Sudan ... 360 1053 519 1229 23.2 13.4Switzerland 4371 4519 7369 8679 10444 5.5 5.7Syrian Arab Republic d 745 726 | 1519 1848 3187 19.0 17.4Taipei, Chinese 3495 5013 6653 7484 9138 3.6 3.8Thailand 1672 2677 4972 5903 8479 4.3 4.7Tunisia 582 706 1231 1873 2515 8.2 10.2Turkey 1856 2128 3486 5167 8502 3.9 4.2Ukraine - 882 3049 3966 6234 6.3 7.3United Arab Emirates d 1627 3622 8271 10487 15280 10.3 9.2United States 30055 51226 80283 87672 95184 4.1 4.4Viet Nam d ... 814 2695 3929 5268 5.2 6.6Yemen ... ... 1509 2125 2405 ... 24.1

a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Figures refer to fiscal year. d Includes Secretariat estimates. e Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. f See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports.

Value

Imports of food of selected economies, 1990-2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

Share in economy's total merchandise imports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

57

3. Fuels and mining products

Table II.23

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

World 3530.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19 15 33Europe

World 767.9 100.0 100.0 23.8 21.8 18 13 26Europe 615.6 79.9 80.2 19.0 17.4 18 11 26North America 59.3 11.0 7.7 2.6 1.7 13 11 16Asia 28.2 3.5 3.7 0.8 0.8 19 27 21Africa 21.9 1.6 2.9 0.4 0.6 27 32 48Middle East 10.0 0.9 1.3 0.2 0.3 24 8 37Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 6.7 0.6 0.9 0.1 0.2 24 37 37South and Central America 3.8 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.1 14 21 -4

Middle EastWorld 756.5 100.0 100.0 23.1 21.4 18 13 38Asia 513.8 61.0 67.9 14.1 14.6 20 19 38North America 90.6 12.8 12.0 3.0 2.6 17 7 61Europe 87.0 16.7 11.5 3.9 2.5 13 4 30Africa 16.0 2.5 2.1 0.6 0.5 16 -11 42Middle East 15.9 2.1 2.1 0.5 0.4 18 -34 35South and Central America 4.5 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.1 16 -5 90Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 -7 57

AsiaWorld 540.2 100.0 100.0 14.0 15.3 21 18 36Asia 430.8 83.3 79.7 11.7 12.2 20 16 37Europe 38.6 5.7 7.2 0.8 1.1 24 22 37North America 20.5 7.0 3.8 1.0 0.6 12 9 0Middle East 16.2 0.9 3.0 0.1 0.5 40 36 34South and Central America 11.9 0.6 2.2 0.1 0.3 41 54 89Africa 9.9 0.3 1.8 0.0 0.3 51 12 45Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 1.6 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 28 24 52

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)World 470.0 100.0 100.0 10.0 13.3 24 18 39Europe 324.9 63.9 69.1 6.4 9.2 25 14 38Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 55.5 14.0 11.8 1.4 1.6 21 24 47Asia 45.0 7.8 9.6 0.8 1.3 27 51 28North America 26.0 7.1 5.5 0.7 0.7 20 31 29Middle East 11.1 1.1 2.4 0.1 0.3 36 -4 89South and Central America 3.6 5.5 0.8 0.5 0.1 -3 -25 62Africa 2.5 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.1 42 19 308

AfricaWorld 393.9 100.0 100.0 10.3 11.2 21 18 31Europe 149.8 46.9 38.0 4.8 4.2 17 5 40North America 109.6 25.9 27.8 2.7 3.1 22 19 24Asia 90.9 17.0 23.1 1.7 2.6 25 23 39Africa 19.9 4.8 5.1 0.5 0.6 21 27 18South and Central America 15.9 4.0 4.0 0.4 0.4 21 28 43Middle East 2.4 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.1 17 -1 34Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 31 317 124

North AmericaWorld 345.9 100.0 100.0 11.0 9.8 18 17 34North America 225.8 75.4 65.3 8.3 6.4 16 12 31Europe 49.3 9.8 14.2 1.1 1.4 23 30 51Asia 39.9 9.5 11.5 1.0 1.1 21 24 21South and Central America 24.6 4.3 7.1 0.5 0.7 25 26 51Africa 3.2 0.5 0.9 0.1 0.1 26 47 87Middle East 2.1 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.1 22 -2 57Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 38 77 91

South and Central AmericaWorld 255.8 100.0 100.0 7.9 7.2 18 12 25North America 94.2 48.2 36.8 3.8 2.7 14 7 21South and Central America 58.8 23.5 23.0 1.9 1.7 18 11 42Asia 53.4 10.6 20.9 0.8 1.5 29 34 24Europe 42.4 14.1 16.6 1.1 1.2 20 6 12Africa 2.4 0.5 0.9 0.0 0.1 28 14 11Middle East 1.5 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.0 16 2 66Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 27 46 161

Annual percentage change

Exports of fuels and mining products of regions by destination, 2008

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Value Share in region's exports Share in world exports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

58

3.1. Fuels

Table II.24

(Million dollars and percentage)

Value Share Value Share

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

European Union (27) United States Region Region

World 950271 100.0 20 7 42 World 501865 100.0 17 8 35Europe 384848 40.5 19 6 41 North America 155526 31.0 17 6 36CIS 257776 27.1 25 11 37 Africa 99490 19.8 21 14 25Africa 131580 13.8 18 7 50 South and Central America 88689 17.7 15 5 31Middle East 78841 8.3 12 4 27 Middle East 87580 17.5 17 7 63North America 23697 2.5 25 17 111 Europe 36295 7.2 13 0 19Asia 19287 2.0 32 12 81 CIS 24186 4.8 50 24 61South and Central America 18207 1.9 26 0 65 Asia 10099 2.0 10 17 -10

Economy Economy European Union (27) 296337 31.2 20 7 42 Canada 113020 22.5 17 8 41Russian Federation 209924 22.1 23 9 34 Saudi Arabia 56256 11.2 19 12 54Norway 82581 8.7 16 4 38 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 50026 10.0 14 8 28Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 45152 4.8 18 15 33 Mexico 42507 8.5 16 1 23Algeria 29549 3.1 13 -6 46 Nigeria 38992 7.8 17 16 16Saudi Arabia 26359 2.8 10 -18 29 European Union (27) 32175 6.4 16 3 23Kazakhstan 22068 2.3 31 4 45 Iraq 22708 4.5 17 -4 100Nigeria 21532 2.3 19 1 67 Algeria 19981 4.0 27 14 9Iran, Islamic Rep. of 18631 2.0 14 4 12 Angola 19460 3.9 23 6 51Azerbaijan 15356 1.6 43 54 56 Russian Federation 17847 3.6 46 8 55

Above 10 767489 80.8 20 6 38 Above 10 412971 82.3 - - -Japan China

Region Region World 266771 100.0 17 7 54 World 168777 100.0 30 18 61Middle East 163932 61.5 17 4 47 Middle East 68602 40.6 30 15 75Asia 78312 29.4 14 5 66 Africa 39511 23.4 35 24 51Africa 10855 4.1 41 10 75 Asia 33271 19.7 22 17 62CIS 7868 2.9 52 184 45 CIS 16454 9.7 44 17 30North America 4296 1.6 9 3 97 South and Central America 9526 5.6 80 15 80Europe 1036 0.4 33 138 137 North America 987 0.6 33 85 61South and Central America 473 0.2 35 108 -17 Europe 425 0.3 -5 8 5

Economy Economy Saudi Arabia 50431 18.9 17 -5 45 Saudi Arabia 26436 15.7 43 15 94United Arab Emirates 46617 17.5 16 2 46 Angola 22346 13.2 37 18 74Australia 28765 10.8 22 10 86 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 16782 9.9 34 29 44Qatar 26529 9.9 21 15 57 Russian Federation 11919 7.1 41 -1 27Indonesia 19484 7.3 11 5 54 Oman 11265 6.7 17 8 71Iran, Islamic Rep. of 18069 6.8 17 13 45 Korea, Republic of 9965 5.9 22 12 53Kuwait 15292 5.7 15 9 54 Sudan 6277 3.7 31 121 51Malaysia 10576 4.0 16 29 64 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 5340 3.2 84 11 113Russian Federation 7818 2.9 52 174 49 Japan 4834 2.9 46 33 131Oman 5559 2.1 13 34 56 Kuwait 4721 2.8 51 24 129

Above 10 229141 85.9 17 8 53 Above 10 119884 71.0 - - -

Imports of fuels of selected economies by origin, 2008

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

59

Table II.25

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Annual percentage change

2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

AsiaJapan 47.5 163.9 17 25 4 47Korea, Republic of 24.4 96.0 19 31 7 51India 11.0 71.9 26 41 14 60China 8.7 68.6 30 35 15 75Singapore 10.4 35.7 17 16 9 55Taipei, Chinese 5.4 35.6 27 31 12 42Thailand 5.5 25.3 21 23 -1 53Pakistan 3.5 12.7 17 50 5 66Philippines 3.1 6.8 10 36 5 29Indonesia 2.3 6.5 14 20 -2 37Malaysia 1.3 5.6 20 51 -13 37Australia 1.6 2.5 6 45 39 7

EuropeEuropean Union (27) 31.9 78.8 12 15 4 27Turkey 2.2 12.6 24 37 17 38

North AmericaUnited States 24.4 87.6 17 16 7 63Canada 1.1 4.6 20 33 1 39

AfricaSouth Africa 3.3 10.4 15 24 8 37

Imports of fuels of selected regions and economies from the Middle East, 2000 and 2008

Value

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

60

Table II.26

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 aWorld 362586 | 666593 1789550 2029658 2861893 10.6 18.2Algeria 10623 21610 53581 59188 77822 98.1 98.1Angola b 3655 7105 31167 39354 66437 89.7 99.0Argentina 985 4642 7104 6095 6717 17.6 9.5Australia 7473 13324 29637 31648 59594 20.9 31.8Azerbaijan - 1485 11990 20131 30063 85.1 95.4Bahrain b 2313 4490 9221 10809 14432 72.5 79.5Belarus - 1452 7563 8513 12337 19.8 37.5Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela b 14447 29203 58438 62555 87443 87.1 93.5Bolivia b 227 160 2063 2274 3593 13.0 55.7Brazil 682 908 10590 13297 18689 1.6 9.4Brunei Darussalam b 2137 ... 7356 7386 10692 ... 96.3Cameroon b 998 987 2203 2187 2653 53.8 61.0Canada 12672 36344 77450 87492 125901 13.1 27.6China 5119 7855 17770 19951 31402 3.2 2.2Colombia 2496 5636 9374 10872 17295 43.2 46.0Côte d'Ivoire ... 737 3004 2629 3628 19.0 35.9Croatia ... 486 1568 1599 1814 11.0 12.9Ecuador 1409 2442 7544 8279 11672 49.6 63.1Egypt 762 1975 7629 8407 10567 42.1 41.5European Union (27) - 95995 268656 295515 414587 3.9 7.0 intra-EU (27) exports - 69486 195489 209028 296337 4.2 7.5 extra-EU (27) exports - 26509 73167 86487 118250 3.4 6.1Gabon ... 2168 4585 ... ... 83.4 84.1India 522 121 18549 25015 31637 0.3 17.8Indonesia 11239 15066 27619 29210 39780 23.0 28.6Iran, Islamic Rep. of b 15307 25611 64139 72894 92993 89.1 82.0Iraq b 9587 19771 29202 39436 58243 96.0 97.6Japan 1260 1520 5897 9280 18776 0.3 2.4Kazakhstan - 4567 26279 31519 48911 51.8 68.7Korea, Republic of 697 9376 20920 24631 38455 5.4 9.1Kuwait 6500 18141 53174 59212 82766 93.3 95.0Libyan Arab Jamahiriya b 10608 ... 38142 44147 61586 ... 97.7Malaysia 5397 9448 22062 25104 36281 9.6 18.2Mexico 9868 16050 38636 42426 50148 9.6 17.2Morocco 152 272 471 557 679 3.7 3.4New Zealand 362 345 368 1076 2103 2.6 6.9Nigeria b 13191 20876 54835 62496 74281 99.5 92.0Norway 16288 38274 82856 87668 120301 63.7 69.7Oman 5057 8952 17905 19670 29217 79.1 77.5Pakistan 71 131 841 994 1230 1.5 6.1Peru 332 404 1902 2410 2842 5.7 9.1Philippines b 225 505 1093 1415 1608 1.3 3.3Qatar b 2967 10665 30552 37616 57591 92.0 90.2Russian Federation - 53095 190261 218261 308602 50.3 65.4Saudi Arabia 40128 70857 188399 205839 281013 91.3 89.7Singapore 9566 13403 | 35656 41333 62480 9.7 18.5 domestic exports 9479 13290 | 28766 30416 44137 16.9 25.1 re-exports 88 113 | 6890 10917 18342 0.2 11.3South Africa b 1152 2664 5065 6759 7120 8.9 8.8Sudan ... 1088 4796 7550 8935 60.2 74.2Switzerland 45 287 | 3750 4089 6369 0.4 3.2Syrian Arab Republic b 1903 3538 | 4406 4746 6075 76.3 42.5Taipei, Chinese 401 1657 10785 13713 18474 1.1 7.2Thailand 192 2206 6507 6840 11299 3.2 6.4Trinidad and Tobago b 1285 2790 10718 8850 11325 65.3 66.9Tunisia 604 707 1518 2456 3345 12.1 17.3Turkey 296 294 3566 5148 7531 1.1 5.7Ukraine - 808 2554 2630 4109 5.5 6.1United Arab Emirates b 14141 31723 71804 79532 117484 63.7 50.7United States 12321 13340 34838 42189 76742 1.7 6.0Viet Nam b ... 3825 9709 10061 13020 26.4 20.7Yemen ... ... 6126 5698 6729 ... 75.0

a Or nearest year. b Includes Secretariat estimates. Note: Includes economies exporting petroleum products.

Value

Exports of fuels of selected economies, 1990-2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

Share in economy's total merchandise exports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

61

Table II.27

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 aArgentina 333 928 1604 2691 4133 3.7 7.2Australia b 2188 5898 17518 20176 30014 8.3 15.7Bahrain c 1827 2107 4981 5960 6485 45.5 51.9Bangladesh c, d 566 554 2000 1842 2362 6.2 9.9Belarus - 2585 7324 10084 13982 29.9 35.4Brazil e 6045 8290 17141 22320 34288 14.8 19.8Cameroon c 21 344 1010 987 1059 23.1 24.3Canada b 7313 12481 32741 36248 51764 5.2 12.7Chile 1099 3014 8423 11316 16183 16.3 26.1China 1259 20637 89001 104930 168777 9.2 14.9Costa Rica 219 486 1311 1521 2210 7.6 14.4Côte d'Ivoire c ... 838 1850 2016 2115 30.1 29.6Croatia ... 1145 3416 3929 5401 14.5 17.6Cuba c ... 1158 2746 ... ... 23.9 28.9Dominican Republic b ... 1505 2788 3224 4241 15.9 26.4Ecuador 38 281 2564 2824 3256 7.5 17.4Egypt 243 1063 3376 3971 5407 7.6 11.2European Union (27) f - 218179 621976 668171 950271 8.5 15.2 extra-EU (27) imports - 148790 426424 459143 653934 16.2 28.7FYR Macedonia ... 290 760 979 1418 13.8 20.7Guatemala 278 620 | 1901 2443 2839 12.9 19.5Hong Kong, China 1996 4533 9772 11339 14375 2.1 3.7 retained imports 1561 4102 9141 10767 13630 11.8 27.7India 6495 17861 61457 74916 117590 34.7 40.1Indonesia 1937 6071 17648 21994 30652 13.9 24.3Iran, Islamic Rep. of c ... 311 5323 4009 4811 2.2 8.4Israel 1354 3587 7447 8926 12840 9.5 19.0Jamaica c 380 586 1530 2205 2485 17.6 29.1Japan 56777 77425 161806 173487 266771 20.4 35.0Jordan 471 194 2720 2943 3679 4.2 21.8Kazakhstan - 564 3051 3639 5431 11.2 14.3Kenya 424 642 1745 1917 3056 20.7 27.6Korea, Republic of 11023 38077 86707 96503 142515 23.7 32.7Lebanon b, c ... 1029 2188 2615 2579 16.5 15.4Malaysia 1487 3940 11745 12885 17012 4.8 10.8Mexico b 1125 5232 14471 19399 29183 3.0 9.5Morocco 1168 2039 5041 6328 8741 17.7 20.9New Zealand 727 1446 3911 4458 6073 10.4 17.7Norway 1178 1193 2930 3404 4516 3.5 5.1Pakistan 1529 3598 7680 8350 14054 33.1 33.2Peru c 327 1156 2960 3829 5602 15.6 18.7Philippines 1943 4095 8300 9883 12804 11.1 21.2Russian Federation c - 1639 2035 2768 4685 3.7 1.6Senegal c 194 317 950 1298 1808 20.9 31.7Serbia ... ... 2595 3195 4674 ... 20.3Serbia and Montenegro ... 745 ... ... ... 20.1 17.1Singapore 9632 16219 | 44794 52619 87343 12.1 27.3 retained imports 9545 16106 | 37904 41702 69000 21.3 43.9South Africa b 88 3826 12678 14847 19555 14.3 22.3Sri Lanka c 333 551 1634 2681 3132 7.7 22.4Switzerland 3155 3747 11237 10967 16395 4.5 8.9Syrian Arab Republic c 72 143 | 3112 4784 4886 3.7 26.7Taipei, Chinese 5953 13030 36633 43537 61609 9.3 25.6Tanzania c ... 294 1086 1769 2347 18.5 33.1Thailand 3084 7549 25623 25895 37209 12.2 20.8Trinidad and Tobago 143 1068 2270 2567 3365 32.3 33.7Tunisia 493 902 2218 2443 4151 10.5 16.9Turkey 4622 7515 27574 32595 46184 13.8 22.9Ukraine - 5997 12711 15923 22832 43.0 26.7United States 68741 139622 345059 372251 501865 11.1 23.1Uruguay 238 530 1313 1235 2632 15.3 29.5Viet Nam c ... 2113 6699 8744 12451 13.5 15.5Yemen ... ... 1315 1824 3037 ... 30.5

a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Includes Secretariat estimates. d Figures refer to fiscal year. e Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. f See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports.

Value

Imports of fuels of selected economies, 1990-2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

Share in economy's total merchandise imports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

62

4. Manufactures

Table II.28

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

World 10458.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 11 15 10Europe

World 4953.6 100.0 100.0 45.2 47.4 11 17 9Europe 3530.7 72.1 71.3 32.6 33.8 11 17 7Asia 418.5 8.2 8.4 3.7 4.0 12 17 12North America 382.8 11.2 7.7 5.1 3.7 6 6 2Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 209.1 1.3 4.2 0.6 2.0 29 34 25Middle East 160.9 2.4 3.2 1.1 1.5 16 19 22Africa 140.1 2.3 2.8 1.1 1.3 14 21 20South and Central America 85.5 1.9 1.7 0.9 0.8 10 22 22

AsiaWorld 3447.8 100.0 100.0 29.7 33.0 12 16 11Asia 1551.6 45.5 45.0 13.5 14.8 12 14 10North America 713.0 29.1 20.7 8.6 6.8 7 6 3Europe 702.5 18.7 20.4 5.5 6.7 13 20 10Middle East 158.5 2.5 4.6 0.7 1.5 21 37 28South and Central America 102.9 1.8 3.0 0.5 1.0 19 31 33Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 99.4 0.4 2.9 0.1 1.0 42 64 36Africa 93.4 1.3 2.7 0.4 0.9 23 32 27

North AmericaWorld 1389.2 100.0 100.0 20.5 13.3 5 8 5North America 669.7 55.5 48.2 11.4 6.4 3 3 0Europe 265.2 17.4 19.1 3.6 2.5 6 15 8Asia 255.4 18.8 18.4 3.8 2.4 4 8 4South and Central America 117.5 5.7 8.5 1.2 1.1 10 20 24Middle East 48.0 1.6 3.5 0.3 0.5 15 20 21Africa 20.3 0.8 1.5 0.2 0.2 13 20 15Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 12.3 0.2 0.9 0.0 0.1 24 47 28

Middle EastWorld 220.3 100.0 100.0 1.3 2.1 17 24 24Middle East 85.2 26.2 38.7 0.3 0.8 23 36 12Asia 47.7 19.2 21.7 0.2 0.5 19 22 68Europe 32.3 18.9 14.7 0.2 0.3 14 17 38North America 24.8 23.1 11.3 0.3 0.2 7 3 20Africa 17.7 5.9 8.1 0.1 0.2 22 21 -4Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 5.8 2.3 2.6 0.0 0.1 19 36 -24South and Central America 2.2 1.1 1.0 0.0 0.0 16 1 87

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)World 174.8 100.0 100.0 0.9 1.7 19 25 32Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 62.6 30.9 35.8 0.3 0.6 21 32 22Europe 60.8 30.7 34.8 0.3 0.6 21 27 32Asia 20.1 19.2 11.5 0.2 0.2 12 7 54Middle East 9.5 4.3 5.5 0.0 0.1 23 52 21North America 9.1 8.3 5.2 0.1 0.1 12 -14 45South and Central America 6.3 2.4 3.6 0.0 0.1 25 44 60Africa 5.0 3.1 2.8 0.0 0.0 18 10 41

South and Central AmericaWorld 172.6 100.0 100.0 1.6 1.6 11 14 12South and Central America 72.5 33.9 42.0 0.5 0.7 14 24 19North America 53.6 46.0 31.0 0.7 0.5 6 -2 5Europe 23.9 13.6 13.9 0.2 0.2 12 26 4Asia 14.1 4.9 8.2 0.1 0.1 19 22 24Africa 4.9 1.1 2.8 0.0 0.0 25 22 13Middle East 2.2 0.4 1.3 0.0 0.0 27 2 23Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.8 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 49 31 38

AfricaWorld 99.9 100.0 100.0 0.8 1.0 13 17 23Europe 46.5 58.8 46.6 0.5 0.4 10 14 13Africa 21.9 15.9 21.9 0.1 0.2 18 22 39Asia 12.9 10.3 13.0 0.1 0.1 17 10 38North America 9.7 9.0 9.7 0.1 0.1 14 10 26Middle East 4.8 3.3 4.8 0.0 0.0 19 20 46South and Central America 2.4 1.3 2.4 0.0 0.0 22 22 58Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 20 33 47

Exports of manufactures of regions by destination, 2008

Annual percentage change

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Value Share in region's exports Share in world exports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

63

Table II.29

Value Value

2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

United States962.8 100.0 100.0 5 10 7 World 1416.7 100.0 100.0 5 4 1318.2 38.0 33.0 3 4 3 North America 309.5 27.2 21.8 2 4 -595.3 7.5 9.9 9 18 23 South and Central America 43.2 3.1 3.1 5 -3 528.1 2.2 2.9 9 27 33 Brazil 16.4 1.0 1.2 7 -9 2

236.4 24.0 24.6 5 14 8 Europe 320.8 21.6 22.6 5 6 3218.0 22.4 22.6 5 14 8 European Union (27) 297.6 20.2 21.0 5 7 210.7 0.3 1.1 23 47 30 CIS 9.5 0.4 0.7 11 -13 477.2 0.2 0.7 23 54 25 Russian Federation 6.1 0.3 0.4 11 -17 45

18.3 1.1 1.9 12 18 18 Africa 10.2 0.4 0.7 13 6 2645.2 2.3 4.7 15 20 21 Middle East 24.7 1.5 1.7 7 7 7

238.4 26.8 24.8 4 8 4 Asia 698.8 45.7 49.3 6 5 144.8 1.9 4.7 17 17 6 China 340.5 10.7 24.0 16 11 442.8 7.2 4.5 -1 2 1 Japan 136.8 14.9 9.7 -1 -2 -3

101.6 13.6 10.6 2 4 -1 Six East Asian traders 147.7 15.3 10.4 0 -3 -4

European Union (27)4614.3 100.0 100.0 11 16 8 World 4335.0 100.0 100.0 10 17 7354.1 11.0 7.7 6 6 1 North America 244.1 9.4 5.6 4 14 478.9 1.9 1.7 10 21 21 South and Central America 27.0 0.7 0.6 10 6 634.2 0.7 0.7 12 31 32 Brazil 15.1 0.3 0.3 11 24 7

3321.2 72.5 72.0 11 16 7 Europe 3237.5 72.5 74.7 11 16 73047.6 66.9 66.0 11 16 7 European Union (27) 3047.6 68.5 70.3 11 16 7191.7 1.2 4.2 29 33 25 CIS 40.7 0.6 0.9 18 23 17136.1 0.8 2.9 30 36 27 Russian Federation 23.8 0.4 0.5 16 24 14129.7 2.4 2.8 13 21 19 Africa 43.7 1.1 1.0 9 15 7134.3 2.3 2.9 14 18 16 Middle East 25.8 0.7 0.6 8 13 6381.4 8.0 8.3 11 17 11 Asia 707.1 14.6 16.3 12 19 899.3 1.1 2.2 21 23 17 China 348.6 3.3 8.0 23 30 1549.3 1.7 1.1 5 5 1 Japan 106.6 4.3 2.5 3 10 2

126.1 3.3 2.7 8 13 8 Six East Asian traders 166.2 5.0 3.8 7 8 0

China a1329.6 100.0 100.0 25 27 17 World 733.4 100.0 100.0 20 17 8333.9 31.9 25.1 22 15 7 North America 65.5 11.8 8.9 16 16 1151.6 2.5 3.9 33 47 40 South and Central America 5.9 0.3 0.8 34 30 517.1 0.5 1.3 40 52 61 Brazil 2.4 0.2 0.3 27 19 28

353.4 21.5 26.6 29 30 17 Europe 126.3 17.5 17.2 20 21 20334.6 20.4 25.2 29 30 18 European Union (27) 117.9 16.5 16.1 20 20 2061.6 1.3 4.6 47 74 35 CIS 5.2 1.9 0.7 6 23 1131.0 0.9 2.3 41 83 16 Russian Federation 3.5 1.4 0.5 5 9 2147.4 2.0 3.6 35 41 38 Africa 2.9 0.2 0.4 27 40 1055.6 2.5 4.2 33 51 33 Middle East 7.6 0.7 1.0 27 19 18

424.9 38.3 32.0 22 25 18 Asia 519.9 67.6 70.9 21 16 5118.8 15.7 8.9 17 13 12 Japan 136.5 23.1 18.6 17 15 10192.5 16.4 14.5 23 25 18 Six East Asian traders 262.7 37.3 35.8 19 15 4

a In 2008, China reported imports from China accounting for 12 percent of its manufacture imports. For further information, see the Metadata.

Exports Imports

Trade in manufactures of the United States, the European Union (27) and China by origin and destination, 2008

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change Share Share

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

64

Table II.30

Value Share Value Share

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 4335018 100.0 10 17 7 World 1416725 100.0 5 4 1Europe 3237499 74.7 11 16 7 Asia 698813 49.3 6 5 1Asia 707065 16.3 12 19 8 Europe 320806 22.6 5 6 3North America 244117 5.6 4 14 4 North America 309471 21.8 2 4 -5Africa 43650 1.0 9 15 7 South and Central America 43246 3.1 5 -3 5CIS 40721 0.9 18 24 17 Middle East 24691 1.7 7 7 7South and Central America 26965 0.6 10 6 6 Africa 10185 0.7 13 6 26Middle East 25810 0.6 8 13 6 CIS 9513 0.7 11 -13 47

Economy Economy European Union (27) 3047573 70.3 11 16 7 China 340481 24.0 16 11 4China 348571 8.0 23 30 15 European Union (27) 297611 21.0 5 7 2United States 212879 4.9 3 12 4 Canada 159647 11.3 0 1 -8Japan 106619 2.5 3 10 2 Mexico 149822 10.6 4 7 -3Switzerland 97526 2.3 9 15 10 Japan 136847 9.7 -1 -2 -3

Above 5 3813168 88.0 - - - Above 5 1084408 76.5 - - -Turkey 57947 1.3 19 25 3 Korea, Republic of 45409 3.2 2 1 5Korea, Republic of 54210 1.3 11 10 -1 Taipei, Chinese 35259 2.5 -2 -1 -4India 35067 0.8 17 28 16 Malaysia 28208 2.0 2 -12 -9Taipei, Chinese 33744 0.8 4 6 -2 India 24368 1.7 12 8 10Russian Federation 23792 0.5 16 24 14 Israel 20952 1.5 7 8 6Singapore 21284 0.5 5 6 -11 Thailand 19232 1.4 4 -1 0Malaysia 20896 0.5 6 9 1 Brazil 16379 1.2 7 -9 2Thailand 20047 0.5 9 23 7 Switzerland 16143 1.1 7 4 20Norway 19201 0.4 9 13 16 Singapore 14202 1.0 -3 5 -15Canada 17850 0.4 6 24 0 Indonesia 11394 0.8 3 6 4Hong Kong, China 15997 0.4 5 -3 11 Viet Nam 10988 0.8 61 32 21South Africa 15701 0.4 12 25 11 Philippines 7487 0.5 -7 -4 -11Brazil 15065 0.3 11 24 7 Russian Federation 6075 0.4 11 -17 45Mexico 13234 0.3 15 21 24 South Africa 5962 0.4 15 7 51Israel 12855 0.3 6 24 5 Hong Kong, China 5425 0.4 -9 -15 -14Ukraine 11187 0.3 22 26 20 Australia 5093 0.4 8 -1 29Indonesia 10688 0.2 4 13 4 Trinidad and Tobago 4414 0.3 24 17 37Tunisia 10279 0.2 12 24 12 Turkey 3899 0.3 5 -20 5Viet Nam 9389 0.2 14 21 16 Bangladesh 3827 0.3 6 5 11Bangladesh 7681 0.2 14 5 15 Pakistan 3676 0.3 6 -3 -1Morocco 7481 0.2 9 23 6 Honduras 3203 0.2 2 3 1Philippines 6656 0.2 1 -3 -4 Dominican Republic 3136 0.2 -3 -9 -7Croatia 5439 0.1 14 16 14 Norway 2757 0.2 11 22 15United Arab Emirates 4783 0.1 16 -7 8 Cambodia 2536 0.2 14 12 -2Pakistan 4710 0.1 10 15 7 Costa Rica 2471 0.2 0 1 0Egypt 4289 0.1 16 25 20 Ukraine 2225 0.2 12 -23 86Serbia 4278 0.1 ... 50 28 Argentina 2139 0.2 9 -4 63Saudi Arabia 4248 0.1 10 9 -3 Sri Lanka 1968 0.1 -1 -5 -5Australia 4031 0.1 4 16 -7 El Salvador 1905 0.1 1 10 6Costa Rica 2734 0.1 11 -1 17 Colombia 1694 0.1 4 -1 -5Sri Lanka 2679 0.1 7 19 11 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 1584 0.1 2 -10 15Belarus 2600 0.1 16 14 21 Guatemala 1570 0.1 -1 -13 -5FYR Macedonia 2068 0.0 18 62 2 Egypt 1302 0.1 9 -8 4Bosnia and Herzegovina 2066 0.0 27 23 16 Nicaragua 1175 0.1 16 13 -1Argentina 2031 0.0 10 37 16 Jordan 1122 0.1 41 -8 -16

Above 40 4299377 99.2 - - - Above 40 1403588 99.1 - - -

Imports of manufactures of selected economies by origin, 2008

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

(Million dollars and percentage)

European Union (27) United States

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

65

Table II.30 (continued)

Value Share Value Share

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 733438 100.0 20 17 8 World 342115 100.0 6 5 9Asia 519865 70.9 21 16 5 Asia 215557 63.0 8 6 11Europe 126308 17.2 20 21 20 Europe 63899 18.7 5 7 7North America 65535 8.9 16 16 11 North America 52323 15.3 0 2 1Middle East 7641 1.0 27 19 18 South and Central America 2273 0.7 12 33 25South and Central America 5885 0.8 34 30 5 Africa 2018 0.6 17 1 12CIS 5247 0.7 6 23 11 Middle East 1835 0.5 5 13 13Africa 2886 0.4 27 40 10 CIS 1717 0.5 25 15 89

Economy Economy Japan 136463 18.6 17 15 10 China 126445 37.0 14 9 13European Union (27) 117895 16.1 20 20 20 European Union (27) 57269 16.7 5 7 6Korea, Republic of 97369 13.3 22 16 5 United States 48264 14.1 -1 1 0Taipei, Chinese 95908 13.1 19 15 1 Korea, Republic of 21734 6.4 5 1 4China 90807 12.4 38 18 8 Taipei, Chinese 17450 5.1 1 -2 8

Above 5 538442 73.4 - - - Above 5 271163 79.3 - - -United States 57741 7.9 16 15 11 Thailand 13455 3.9 8 8 8Malaysia 24093 3.3 25 14 9 Malaysia 9324 2.7 0 -2 12Thailand 19905 2.7 26 28 11 Indonesia 6450 1.9 4 1 9Philippines 18148 2.5 38 28 -13 Switzerland 5710 1.7 8 -2 18Singapore 15191 2.1 18 3 0 Philippines 5670 1.7 0 4 -4Hong Kong, China 10224 1.4 2 14 -5 Viet Nam 4849 1.4 17 17 29Switzerland 6085 0.8 22 32 24 Singapore 4787 1.4 -1 -1 9Canada 5234 0.7 13 27 12 Mexico 2160 0.6 8 17 19Indonesia 3950 0.5 9 1 -4 India 1949 0.6 8 7 15Saudi Arabia 3787 0.5 31 19 4 Canada 1905 0.6 -1 -5 11Russian Federation 3549 0.5 5 9 21 South Africa 1760 0.5 18 0 9India 3125 0.4 22 17 -5 Brazil 1126 0.3 10 30 28Mexico 2560 0.3 25 21 -1 Australia 1102 0.3 4 24 24Brazil 2385 0.3 27 19 28 Hong Kong, China 819 0.2 -6 -12 -7Costa Rica 2256 0.3 101 32 -2 Kazakhstan 810 0.2 36 29 116South Africa 2033 0.3 25 47 4 Israel 807 0.2 0 10 1Israel 1725 0.2 23 26 11 Russian Federation 753 0.2 22 17 60Norway 1716 0.2 28 58 57 Norway 679 0.2 11 28 9Australia 1524 0.2 12 7 -8 Saudi Arabia 613 0.2 11 19 12Viet Nam 1498 0.2 47 44 54 New Zealand 546 0.2 2 19 2Iran, Islamic Rep. of 1096 0.1 40 44 125 Chile 326 0.1 24 27 18Kazakhstan 952 0.1 14 79 0 Costa Rica 292 0.1 8 1 20Pakistan 700 0.1 5 6 -17 Bahamas 225 0.1 30 220 57424Turkey 527 0.1 29 37 35 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 207 0.1 20 63 45Belarus 483 0.1 27 38 -13 Myanmar 204 0.1 29 29 24Morocco 388 0.1 28 11 4 Turkey 183 0.1 15 6 20Argentina 342 0.0 13 4 -6 New Caledonia 178 0.1 14 101 -39New Zealand 324 0.0 8 3 18 Bangladesh 171 0.1 10 14 18Colombia 299 0.0 56 232 -52 Pakistan 158 0.0 -3 -5 42Qatar 299 0.0 18 -24 13 Jordan 123 0.0 6 -9 66United Arab Emirates 251 0.0 58 10 30 Ukraine 121 0.0 16 -35 162Chile 214 0.0 25 -22 26 Cambodia 119 0.0 13 15 -12Ukraine 208 0.0 -8 36 -14 Sri Lanka 93 0.0 -1 4 0Kuwait 199 0.0 6 -18 8 French Polynesia 90 0.0 -3 6 -30Macao, China 193 0.0 10 -1 -8 Morocco 79 0.0 19 21 44

Above 40 731646 99.8 - - - Above 40 339005 99.1 - - -

a In 2008, China reported imports from China accounting for 12.4 percent of its manufacture imports. For further information, see the Metadata.

Imports of manufactures of selected economies by origin, 2008

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

(Million dollars and percentage)

China a Japan

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

66

Table II.31

2008 1980 1990 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

Exporters European Union (27) 4614.3 - - 42.8 44.1 11 12 16 8

extra-EU (27) exports 1566.7 - - 14.2 15.0 11 10 17 11China a 1329.6 0.8 1.9 4.7 12.7 25 28 27 17United States 962.8 13.0 12.1 13.8 9.2 5 12 10 7Japan 693.2 11.2 11.5 9.6 6.6 6 7 9 8Korea, Republic of 365.0 1.4 2.5 3.3 3.5 11 12 14 10Hong Kong, China 348.0 - - - - 8 9 9 5

domestic exports 9.7 1.2 1.1 0.5 0.1 -10 -2 -22 -21 re-exports 338.4 - - - - 9 10 10 6

Singapore 236.9 0.8 1.6 2.5 2.3 9 16 6 4 domestic exports 102.6 0.4 1.0 1.3 1.0 6 13 4 -2 re-exports 134.3 0.3 0.6 1.2 1.3 12 18 8 9

Taipei, Chinese 222.3 1.6 2.6 3.0 2.1 6 18 9 1Canada 213.6 2.7 3.1 3.7 2.0 2 4 4 -5Mexico a 212.3 0.4 1.1 3.0 2.0 5 15 8 4Switzerland 178.9 2.4 2.5 1.5 1.7 12 11 16 15Malaysia a, b 129.9 0.2 0.7 1.7 1.2 6 12 6 4Thailand 127.2 0.1 0.6 1.1 1.2 12 17 18 9India 112.2 0.5 0.5 0.7 1.1 17 13 18 20Turkey 103.8 0.1 0.4 0.5 1.0 21 15 26 20

Above 15 9511.5 - - 92.3 90.9 - - - -Importers

European Union (27) 4335.0 - - 39.7 40.1 10 12 17 7 extra-EU (27) imports 1287.4 - - 12.5 11.9 10 10 18 8

United States 1416.7 11.2 15.4 19.7 13.1 5 9 4 1China a, c 733.4 1.1 1.7 3.5 6.8 20 18 17 8Hong Kong, China 348.9 - - - - 8 11 10 5

retained imports 10.5 1.1 0.9 0.5 0.1 -9 38 -5 -28Japan 342.1 2.3 4.1 4.3 3.2 6 8 5 9Canada d 308.4 3.7 3.8 4.1 2.9 6 11 7 2Russian Federation b 241.8 - - 0.6 2.2 29 33 40 30Mexico a, d 239.3 1.5 1.3 3.0 2.2 6 14 8 5Korea, Republic of 231.8 0.9 1.8 2.0 2.1 11 12 16 12Singapore 204.8 1.2 1.8 2.2 1.9 8 15 8 9

retained imports 70.6 0.8 1.2 1.1 0.7 3 11 6 8Switzerland 145.8 2.3 2.4 1.4 1.3 10 8 18 10Taipei, Chinese 143.3 0.9 1.5 2.2 1.3 3 5 4 0Australia d 136.9 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 11 6 17 16India 127.1 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.2 24 15 29 27United Arab Emirates b 126.2 0.5 0.4 0.6 1.2 20 16 32 20

Above 15 8743.3 - - 85.5 80.9 - - - -

d Imports are valued f.o.b. c In 2008, China reported imports of manufactures from China amounting to 90.8 billion dollars. For further information, see the Metadata.

Leading exporters and importers of manufactures, 2008

a Includes significant shipments through processing zones.

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Share in world exports/imports

b Includes Secretariat estimates.

Value Annual percentage change

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

67

Table II.32

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

World 2391.15 | 4698.18 8259.69 9520.23 10458.11 74.8 66.5Argentina 3.57 8.53 14.78 17.25 21.58 32.4 30.6Australia 7.10 15.16 22.20 26.09 29.00 23.7 15.5Bangladesh b, c 1.21 5.88 10.68 10.91 13.46 92.0 87.6Belarus - 4.88 9.92 12.91 17.20 66.6 52.3Brazil 16.14 31.65 68.41 74.90 86.41 57.5 43.7Cambodia c ... 1.33 3.43 3.89 4.06 95.7 94.4Canada 73.31 175.64 215.38 224.49 213.57 63.5 46.8Chile 0.83 2.79 6.00 6.69 8.10 14.5 12.2China d 44.31 219.86 895.39 1134.73 1329.64 88.2 93.1Colombia 1.70 4.24 8.68 11.75 11.85 32.5 31.5Costa Rica c, d 0.39 3.98 5.18 5.58 6.10 67.8 63.0Croatia ... 3.21 6.80 8.42 9.80 72.5 69.4Dominican Republic c, d 1.51 | 5.03 5.64 6.11 5.65 87.7 81.4Egypt c 1.47 1.92 7.68 8.84 8.74 40.9 34.3El Salvador c, d 0.33 2.25 2.90 2.99 3.36 76.5 73.9European Union (27) - 2012.01 3663.01 4256.81 4614.31 82.0 78.2 intra-EU (27) exports - 1345.41 2457.53 2850.88 3047.57 80.7 76.7 extra-EU (27) exports - 666.61 1205.48 1405.93 1566.74 84.9 81.4Guatemala c 0.28 0.87 | 3.32 3.42 3.63 32.1 46.9Hong Kong, China 75.64 192.50 304.75 331.16 348.03 95.0 94.0 domestic exports 27.41 22.14 15.76 12.26 9.65 94.1 56.9 re-exports 48.23 170.35 288.99 318.89 338.38 95.1 95.8India e 12.52 32.76 79.84 93.86 112.19 77.3 63.2Indonesia d 9.04 36.94 44.73 48.24 52.70 56.5 37.8Iran, Islamic Rep. of c 0.69 1.98 6.07 7.44 11.23 6.9 9.9Israel e 10.43 29.55 44.30 50.67 56.37 94.1 92.7Japan 275.15 449.69 586.52 640.87 693.24 93.8 88.6Jordan 0.59 0.95 3.60 4.49 5.92 50.2 76.0Kazakhstan - 1.45 4.23 6.32 9.79 16.4 13.8Korea, Republic of 60.60 154.90 290.13 330.41 365.01 89.9 86.5Malaysia c, d 15.82 78.93 117.91 125.01 129.87 80.4 65.1Mexico d 25.26 138.65 189.13 204.22 212.25 83.3 72.8Morocco d 2.21 4.76 8.24 9.52 11.86 64.1 58.9New Zealand 2.39 3.99 6.72 7.47 7.74 30.0 25.3Norway 11.13 13.32 19.53 24.54 30.74 22.2 17.8Pakistan 4.39 7.64 13.77 14.29 14.88 84.7 73.2Philippines c, d 5.59 34.77 40.84 42.84 40.54 87.4 82.7Russian Federation - 24.81 59.56 71.19 94.20 23.5 20.0Saudi Arabia c 3.66 5.96 20.14 24.84 26.85 7.7 8.6Serbia ... ... 4.05 5.79 7.42 ... 67.6Serbia and Montenegro ... 1.05 ... ... ... 60.9 57.2Singapore 37.49 117.68 | 214.09 227.10 236.85 85.4 70.0 domestic exports 23.20 63.28 | 100.73 104.38 102.59 80.4 58.4 re-exports 14.28 54.40 | 113.36 122.72 134.27 92.0 82.6South Africa c, e 8.32 20.23 32.17 38.14 44.00 67.5 54.5Sri Lanka c 1.02 4.14 4.78 5.28 5.74 76.3 68.0Switzerland 59.59 72.43 | 133.81 155.49 178.88 90.0 89.3Taipei, Chinese 62.03 141.04 202.37 220.50 222.30 95.1 87.0Thailand 14.58 51.66 98.32 116.46 127.16 74.8 71.5Trinidad and Tobago c 0.56 1.23 2.93 3.82 4.68 28.8 27.7Tunisia c 2.42 4.50 8.39 10.58 13.82 77.0 71.6Turkey 8.78 22.31 68.99 86.65 103.77 80.3 78.6Ukraine - 9.77 27.60 36.23 46.66 67.1 69.6United Arab Emirates c 2.86 13.46 60.91 85.11 89.98 27.0 38.9United States 290.49 648.91 818.78 897.20 962.82 83.0 74.8Viet Nam c ... 6.18 20.38 26.44 32.73 42.6 52.0

a Or nearest year. b Figures refer to fiscal year. c Includes Secretariat estimates. d Includes significant exports from processing zones. e Includes significant exports of diamonds. For the most recent year, the share of diamonds in exports of manufactures was 13 per cent for India , 45 per cent for Israel and 8 per cent for South Africa.

Value

Exports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-2008

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Share in economy's total merchandise exports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

68

Table II.33

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Algeria 6.66 6.10 16.16 20.70 29.21 66.5 74.0Argentina 3.10 21.91 29.56 38.07 47.58 87.1 82.9Australia b 32.40 59.08 101.02 118.06 136.90 83.0 71.5Bangladesh c, d 1.92 5.14 9.43 9.56 12.26 57.9 51.4Belarus - 4.24 10.73 13.87 19.23 49.0 48.7Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 5.05 11.81 26.57 36.53 35.62 81.0 71.8Brazil e 12.62 41.01 64.12 77.12 122.00 73.4 70.5Canada b 92.90 200.75 280.39 301.32 308.36 83.6 75.5Chile 5.29 11.86 22.48 26.38 34.08 64.1 55.0China f 42.39 169.88 579.50 677.50 733.44 75.5 64.8Colombia 4.28 9.19 21.53 27.01 31.80 79.6 80.2Costa Rica f 1.50 5.28 8.66 9.48 11.27 82.8 73.3Côte d'Ivoire d ... 1.15 2.41 2.85 3.32 41.1 46.5Croatia ... 5.78 15.48 18.86 21.65 73.3 70.4Dominican Republic b, d, f 2.07 7.01 8.00 8.79 9.58 73.9 59.5Ecuador 1.51 2.63 8.40 9.12 12.27 70.8 65.7European Union (27) g - 1953.94 3471.62 4045.24 4335.02 75.7 69.3 extra-EU (27) imports - 615.86 1015.63 1194.36 1287.45 67.2 56.4Guatemala f 1.14 3.43 | 8.47 9.19 9.47 71.7 65.1Hong Kong, China 70.53 192.66 304.53 333.62 348.93 90.0 88.8 retained imports 22.30 22.31 15.54 14.73 10.55 63.9 37.9India h 12.17 22.44 77.45 99.98 127.13 43.6 43.3Indonesia d, f 16.64 30.48 52.80 57.10 76.86 69.9 60.9Iran, Islamic Rep. of d 15.49 9.96 27.81 33.36 40.48 71.6 70.5Iraq d ... 2.09 5.27 5.98 8.26 15.8 26.5Israel h 11.68 29.04 35.71 42.00 45.40 77.1 67.1Japan 100.28 212.67 298.18 314.45 342.12 56.0 44.9Jordan 1.34 2.65 6.53 7.75 9.31 57.5 55.1Kazakhstan - 3.69 18.41 25.91 27.83 73.2 73.4Kenya d 1.40 1.72 4.54 5.58 6.40 55.3 57.7Korea, Republic of 44.11 98.16 177.61 206.19 231.84 61.2 53.3Kuwait d 2.61 5.55 13.13 16.78 18.96 77.5 76.2Lebanon b, d ... 3.48 | 5.38 7.16 11.61 55.8 69.3Malaysia d, f 22.87 68.13 101.00 110.68 114.20 83.1 72.8Mexico b, f 32.49 149.80 211.56 227.88 239.34 85.9 77.5Morocco f 4.22 7.25 14.59 19.42 23.65 62.9 56.6New Zealand 7.56 10.81 19.25 22.53 23.37 77.7 68.0Nigeria d 4.92 4.36 16.46 21.32 28.57 50.0 68.5Norway d 21.40 27.48 50.25 61.54 68.62 79.9 76.8Oman 1.81 3.46 8.54 12.92 18.21 67.5 79.2Pakistan 3.99 5.09 16.59 17.85 19.83 46.8 46.9Peru d 1.61 5.21 10.39 13.39 19.59 70.3 65.3Philippines 8.96 28.83 40.18 41.73 39.03 77.9 64.7Qatar d 1.32 2.75 13.65 19.98 24.05 84.4 89.6Russian Federation d - 31.17 132.71 185.62 241.84 69.8 82.9Saudi Arabia d 18.23 22.05 55.57 72.27 87.85 72.9 76.3Serbia ... ... 8.57 12.89 15.32 ... 66.6Serbia and Montenegro ... 2.35 ... ... ... 63.3 64.8Singapore 44.35 109.78 | 174.91 188.03 204.84 81.6 64.1 retained imports 30.07 55.39 | 61.55 65.32 70.57 73.4 44.9South Africa b, d 13.43 19.21 49.03 56.28 59.04 71.7 67.4Sri Lanka d 1.71 4.90 6.46 6.86 8.10 68.2 57.9Switzerland 58.01 67.65 111.98 132.23 145.76 82.0 79.6Syrian Arab Republic d 1.48 2.47 | 5.98 6.97 8.24 64.7 45.0Taipei, Chinese 36.77 110.41 137.70 143.55 143.27 78.9 59.6Thailand d 24.83 46.95 85.94 97.90 114.39 75.8 64.0Trinidad and Tobago 0.64 1.86 3.34 3.85 4.83 56.1 48.4Tunisia d 3.91 6.46 10.55 13.51 15.91 75.4 64.6Turkey 13.63 38.16 88.88 107.03 117.91 70.0 58.4Ukraine - 5.74 26.82 37.37 50.65 41.1 59.2United Arab Emirates d 8.63 29.47 79.17 104.74 126.19 84.2 76.2United States 375.65 968.21 1350.21 1409.46 1416.73 76.9 65.3Viet Nam d 2.18 11.38 29.84 43.95 52.50 72.8 65.3

a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Figures refer to fiscal year. d Includes Secretariat estimates. e Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. f Includes significant imports into processing zones. g See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports. h Includes significant imports of diamonds. For the most recent year, the share of diamonds in total imports of manufactures was 9 per cent for India and 24 per cent for Israel.

Value

Imports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-2008

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Share in economy's total merchandise imports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

69

4.1. Iron and steel

Table II.34

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

World 587.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19 27 23Europe

World 263.8 100.0 100.0 49.9 44.9 18 28 15Europe 201.7 80.0 76.5 39.9 34.3 17 31 10Middle East 17.5 2.4 6.6 1.2 3.0 34 27 69Asia 13.7 4.4 5.2 2.2 2.3 20 24 17North America 12.7 8.9 4.8 4.4 2.2 9 0 15Africa 10.3 2.1 3.9 1.1 1.7 27 30 58Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 3.9 0.8 1.5 0.4 0.7 28 38 15South and Central America 3.5 1.2 1.3 0.6 0.6 19 17 57

AsiaWorld 180.9 100.0 100.0 25.0 30.8 22 32 29Asia 101.0 68.0 55.9 17.0 17.2 19 28 28Europe 24.4 7.9 13.5 2.0 4.2 31 62 6North America 24.2 17.5 13.4 4.4 4.1 18 -4 44Middle East 15.9 3.6 8.8 0.9 2.7 37 69 26Africa 6.0 1.4 3.3 0.3 1.0 37 49 56South and Central America 5.6 1.5 3.1 0.4 1.0 34 68 84Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 3.6 0.2 2.0 0.1 0.6 62 103 66

ChinaWorld 71.0 100.0 100.0 3.1 12.1 42 58 38Asia 27.5 56.4 38.7 1.7 4.7 35 52 36Europe 14.3 13.7 20.1 0.4 2.4 49 75 4North America 12.1 23.9 17.1 0.7 2.1 36 1 62Middle East 7.5 3.6 10.5 0.1 1.3 62 193 43Africa 3.4 1.1 4.8 0.0 0.6 70 85 105South and Central America 3.3 1.0 4.6 0.0 0.6 72 113 98Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 2.9 0.4 4.1 0.0 0.5 92 190 78

Other economies in AsiaWorld 109.9 100.0 100.0 22.0 18.7 17 21 23Asia 73.5 69.6 66.9 15.3 12.5 16 22 25North America 12.1 16.6 11.0 3.6 2.1 11 -7 30Europe 10.1 7.1 9.2 1.6 1.7 21 46 8Middle East 8.5 3.6 7.7 0.8 1.4 29 30 15Africa 2.5 1.4 2.3 0.3 0.4 24 29 18South and Central America 2.4 1.6 2.1 0.3 0.4 22 34 67Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.0 0.1 37 10 29

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)World 66.8 100.0 100.0 9.7 11.4 22 25 40Europe 28.3 27.1 42.3 2.6 4.8 29 28 48Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 14.5 16.2 21.7 1.6 2.5 26 41 27Asia 8.3 31.0 12.4 3.0 1.4 9 19 52Middle East 7.7 8.3 11.5 0.8 1.3 27 74 24North America 3.3 8.0 5.0 0.8 0.6 15 -42 58Africa 3.1 5.9 4.6 0.6 0.5 18 10 26South and Central America 1.3 2.9 2.0 0.3 0.2 16 -16 55

Annual percentage change

Exports of iron and steel of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Value Share in region's exports Share in world exports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

70

Table II.35

Value Share Value Share

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 240019 100.0 18 35 10 World 49713 100.0 13 -3 30Europe 187410 78.1 17 31 10 Asia 17751 35.7 16 -1 36Asia 21124 8.8 31 102 -1 North America 11070 22.3 13 8 31CIS 18225 7.6 27 26 30 Europe 9783 19.7 7 -3 11Africa 4866 2.0 19 22 21 South and Central America 5743 11.6 13 5 24South and Central America 4276 1.8 17 38 -12 CIS 3886 7.8 14 -37 68North America 3631 1.5 19 72 13 Africa 1364 2.7 11 -31 61Middle East 436 0.2 12 -25 -4 Middle East 115 0.2 11 -32 113

Economy Economy European Union (27) 176709 73.6 17 30 10 European Union (27) 8618 17.3 7 7 4China 11242 4.7 52 131 -4 China 7707 15.5 35 13 46Russian Federation 9606 4.0 24 28 26 Canada 7583 15.3 13 12 30Ukraine 6174 2.6 30 23 27 Brazil 3591 7.2 12 -4 22Turkey 3822 1.6 22 55 -6 Mexico 3486 7.0 13 0 33

Above 5 207552 86.5 - - - Above 5 30985 62.3 - - -India 3434 1.4 39 73 23 Korea, Republic of 2699 5.4 11 -14 50South Africa 3396 1.4 19 19 31 Japan 2475 5.0 6 -7 25Korea, Republic of 2639 1.1 23 127 10 India 2248 4.5 23 14 73Norway 2433 1.0 15 37 44 Russian Federation 1828 3.7 16 -51 46United States 2314 1.0 17 79 6 Ukraine 1533 3.1 15 -21 106Brazil 2211 0.9 16 48 -6 Taipei, Chinese 1292 2.6 8 -17 -8Switzerland 2038 0.8 12 24 15 South Africa 1275 2.6 12 0 57Japan 1218 0.5 13 24 17 Turkey 846 1.7 19 -70 152Kazakhstan 1185 0.5 28 5 125 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 679 1.4 9 -25 76Taipei, Chinese 1180 0.5 17 87 -21 Australia 637 1.3 12 -8 25Serbia 1122 0.5 ... 34 27 Trinidad and Tobago 554 1.1 26 153 32FYR Macedonia 936 0.4 25 89 -14 Kazakhstan 374 0.8 9 73 52Egypt 760 0.3 31 33 13 Thailand 326 0.7 5 -22 16Belarus 719 0.3 34 16 31 Argentina 314 0.6 7 2 109Mexico 694 0.3 22 40 0 Colombia 256 0.5 24 27 3Canada 623 0.3 28 110 81 Dominican Republic 215 0.4 14 47 -43Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 601 0.3 26 27 -24 Norway 210 0.4 7 -24 82Indonesia 459 0.2 19 67 -9 Georgia 144 0.3 58 107 96Colombia 451 0.2 12 28 -33 Malaysia 139 0.3 9 -35 -43Chile 390 0.2 58 4 -4 Chile 121 0.2 28 72 27Dominican Republic 351 0.1 17 46 6 Zimbabwe 89 0.2 12 -46 267Moldova 265 0.1 35 207 31 Switzerland 65 0.1 3 12 -13New Caledonia 259 0.1 8 81 -54 New Zealand 57 0.1 4 -13 -24Iran, Islamic Rep. of 258 0.1 11 -37 -19 Viet Nam 46 0.1 64 -40 464Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 244 0.1 22 22 -10 New Caledonia 45 0.1 4 77 -39Armenia 232 0.1 55 39 9 Philippines 44 0.1 16 82 -6Argentina 216 0.1 3 90 -17 FYR Macedonia 44 0.1 2 289 12Australia 211 0.1 7 115 -26 United Arab Emirates 40 0.1 19 -49 416Tunisia 191 0.1 17 13 14 Israel 34 0.1 0 6 7Thailand 175 0.1 4 52 -37 Oman 24 0.0 40 -56 424

Above 35 238755 99.5 - - - Above 35 49638 99.8 - - -

Imports of iron and steel of the European Union (27) and the United States by origin, 2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

European Union (27) United States

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

71

Table II.36

2008 1980 1990 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

Exporters European Union (27) 238.4 - - 47.0 40.6 17 19 28 12

extra-EU (27) exports 61.7 - - 11.5 10.5 18 12 21 18China 71.0 0.3 1.2 3.1 12.1 42 69 58 38Japan 44.1 20.1 11.8 10.4 7.5 15 9 15 28Russian Federation 33.1 - - 5.1 5.6 21 6 17 41Ukraine 25.5 - - 3.6 4.3 22 17 27 35Korea, Republic of 25.0 2.2 3.4 4.7 4.3 18 10 19 33United States 20.1 4.2 3.3 4.4 3.4 16 11 19 33Turkey 16.8 0.0 1.4 1.3 2.9 32 24 32 76Brazil 13.7 1.1 3.4 2.5 2.3 18 4 7 35Taipei, Chinese 12.7 0.4 0.8 3.2 2.2 14 15 21 4India 11.2 0.1 0.2 0.9 1.9 31 27 27 35Canada 9.3 2.3 1.9 2.3 1.6 14 11 14 31South Africa 8.9 1.6 2.0 1.9 1.5 16 -2 30 19Mexico 6.1 0.1 0.7 1.2 1.0 17 11 12 29Kazakhstan 5.9 - - 0.8 1.0 24 4 67 68

Above 15 541.8 - - 92.4 92.3 - - - -Importers

European Union (27) 240.0 - - 40.1 39.2 18 24 35 10 extra-EU (27) imports 63.3 - - 7.3 10.3 24 36 53 10

United States 49.7 10.1 9.5 12.3 8.1 13 30 -3 30Korea, Republic of 33.6 1.2 2.9 3.4 5.5 26 6 35 56China 27.1 2.7 2.5 6.2 4.4 14 -18 12 12Turkey 15.0 0.4 1.1 1.5 2.5 26 21 39 33Thailand 13.6 0.6 2.4 1.8 2.2 22 -10 58 9Canada 12.8 1.6 2.0 3.4 2.1 12 16 -4 19Taipei, Chinese 11.8 1.4 2.5 3.0 1.9 12 -8 16 28Japan 11.5 1.1 4.1 2.3 1.9 15 -10 28 38Saudi Arabia 10.7 2.3 0.7 0.7 1.7 34 71 33 41Mexico 9.8 2.2 1.0 2.5 1.6 12 24 1 24India 9.6 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.6 36 25 50 15Indonesia 8.9 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.5 24 -12 29 103Russian Federation 8.6 - - 1.0 1.4 24 40 46 2Iran, Islamic Rep. of 8.1 ... ... 1.0 1.3 23 9 51 -2

Above 15 470.9 - - 80.9 76.8 - - - -

c Includes Secretariat estimates.

Leading exporters and importers of iron and steel, 2008

(Billion dollars and percentage)

b Imports are valued f.o.b.

Value Annual percentage change Share in world exports/imports

a Includes significant shipments through processing zones.

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

72

4.2. Chemicals

Table II.37

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

World 1705.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 14 19 15Europe

World 992.7 100.0 100.0 58.5 58.2 14 19 13Europe 715.4 70.8 72.1 41.4 41.9 15 20 12North America 101.8 11.7 10.3 6.9 6.0 12 11 6Asia 72.6 8.4 7.3 4.9 4.3 12 16 15Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 32.9 1.4 3.3 0.8 1.9 27 26 22Africa 21.0 2.2 2.1 1.3 1.2 14 21 18Middle East 19.8 2.1 2.0 1.2 1.2 13 18 17South and Central America 18.8 2.2 1.9 1.3 1.1 12 24 25

AsiaWorld 325.5 100.0 100.0 17.3 19.1 16 21 13Asia 203.3 65.1 62.4 11.3 11.9 15 20 11Europe 50.2 14.5 15.4 2.5 2.9 17 26 11North America 35.1 14.2 10.8 2.5 2.1 12 14 14South and Central America 10.8 1.8 3.3 0.3 0.6 25 38 49Middle East 9.8 1.9 3.0 0.3 0.6 23 40 27Africa 9.6 1.7 2.9 0.3 0.6 24 39 24Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 5.4 0.7 1.7 0.1 0.3 30 37 23

ChinaWorld 79.3 100.0 100.0 2.1 4.7 26 35 32Asia 34.0 43.6 42.9 0.9 2.0 26 40 27Europe 17.0 26.1 21.5 0.5 1.0 23 28 27North America 13.8 20.3 17.4 0.4 0.8 24 20 38South and Central America 5.6 3.6 7.1 0.1 0.3 38 57 55Middle East 3.0 2.8 3.8 0.1 0.2 31 48 32Africa 2.9 2.6 3.7 0.1 0.2 32 41 43Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 2.9 1.1 3.6 0.0 0.2 47 62 30

Other economies in AsiaWorld 246.2 100.0 100.0 15.2 14.4 14 18 8Asia 169.3 68.1 68.8 10.4 9.9 14 17 8Europe 33.1 13.0 13.5 2.0 1.9 14 25 5North America 21.4 13.4 8.7 2.0 1.3 8 12 3Middle East 6.7 1.8 2.7 0.3 0.4 20 37 24Africa 6.6 1.6 2.7 0.2 0.4 21 38 16South and Central America 5.1 1.5 2.1 0.2 0.3 18 23 44Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 2.5 0.6 1.0 0.1 0.1 21 18 16

North AmericaWorld 228.9 100.0 100.0 17.6 13.4 11 15 15North America 79.9 39.1 34.9 6.9 4.7 9 6 10Europe 63.4 25.3 27.7 4.4 3.7 12 20 8Asia 52.3 23.3 22.8 4.1 3.1 10 18 22South and Central America 26.6 10.0 11.6 1.8 1.6 13 25 32Middle East 3.2 1.1 1.4 0.2 0.2 14 40 18Africa 2.3 0.9 1.0 0.2 0.1 12 27 15Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 1.1 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.1 17 38 33

Annual percentage change

Exports of chemicals of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Value Share in region's exports Share in world exports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

73

Table II.38

2008 1980 1990 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

Exporters European Union (27) 910.6 - - 54.1 53.4 14 12 19 12

extra-EU (27) exports 301.1 - - 18.8 17.7 13 13 17 11United States 179.6 14.8 13.3 14.1 10.5 10 13 14 16China a 79.3 0.8 1.3 2.1 4.7 26 24 35 32Japan 69.1 4.7 5.3 6.0 4.1 9 10 13 6Switzerland 68.9 4.0 4.7 3.7 4.0 15 14 15 16Korea, Republic of 42.7 0.5 0.8 2.4 2.5 15 15 18 14Canada 37.9 2.5 2.2 2.5 2.2 12 13 18 9Singapore 31.9 0.5 1.1 1.6 1.9 16 18 9 -5

domestic exports 24.2 0.2 0.7 1.1 1.4 18 20 7 -9 re-exports 7.7 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.5 11 11 17 10

Taipei, Chinese 31.1 0.4 0.9 1.6 1.8 16 12 28 9Russian Federation 27.9 - - 1.2 1.6 19 11 26 47India 20.3 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.2 21 24 17 22Hong Kong, China 17.4 - - - - 7 10 10 2

domestic exports 1.4 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 7 13 14 3 re-exports 16.0 - - - - 7 10 9 2

Saudi Arabia b 15.8 0.1 0.8 0.7 0.9 18 9 19 11Israel 15.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 18 19 17 44Thailand 13.8 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.8 16 17 17 13Above 15 1545.9 - - 92.4 90.6 - - - -

Importers European Union (27) 795.9 - - 44.7 45.8 14 12 20 13

extra-EU (27) imports 186.3 - - 10.7 10.7 14 14 21 13United States 180.9 6.2 7.7 12.5 10.4 11 11 9 14China a 119.0 2.0 2.2 5.0 6.8 19 12 23 11Japan 55.4 4.1 5.0 4.3 3.2 10 10 11 21Canada c 42.1 2.2 2.5 3.3 2.4 10 14 9 5Switzerland 37.4 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.2 14 9 21 4Korea, Republic of 36.5 1.3 2.4 2.2 2.1 13 13 18 13Brazil 34.0 2.4 1.1 1.6 2.0 17 13 39 48India 33.8 ... 1.0 0.8 1.9 28 17 28 63Mexico a, c 33.8 1.5 1.2 2.5 1.9 11 12 10 12Taipei, Chinese 30.4 1.3 2.3 2.6 1.7 9 14 10 6Russian Federation b 27.0 - - 0.8 1.5 24 35 15 28Turkey 25.3 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.5 17 12 20 16Hong Kong, China 22.0 - - - - 6 8 7 3

retained imports 6.0 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.3 6 3 1 4Australia c 19.9 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.1 12 4 19 19Above 15 1477.3 - - 85.6 84.9 - - - -

Leading exporters and importers of chemicals, 2008

a Includes significant shipments through processing zones.

c Imports are valued f.o.b.

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Share in world exports/imports

b Includes Secretariat estimates.

Value Annual percentage change

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

74

Table II.39

2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

Exporters European Union (27) 293.3 65.1 68.7 19 12 19 14

extra-EU (27) exports 112.8 28.6 26.4 18 16 19 12Switzerland 44.2 9.6 10.4 20 20 16 22United States 38.3 12.1 9.0 14 13 15 14China a 8.1 1.6 1.9 21 19 34 34Canada 6.2 1.1 1.4 22 34 32 0India 5.8 1.0 1.4 22 27 32 27Singapore 5.0 0.9 1.2 22 79 19 -21

domestic exports 4.1 0.5 1.0 28 95 19 -24 re-exports 0.9 0.4 0.2 9 19 24 -3

Israel 4.8 0.4 1.1 35 53 11 38Japan 3.7 2.5 0.9 4 -4 0 15Australia 3.3 1.1 0.8 14 6 25 3Hong Kong, China 1.5 - - 10 41 25 26

domestic exports 0.3 0.1 0.1 12 8 15 17 re-exports 1.3 - - 9 53 28 28

Mexico a 1.5 0.8 0.3 7 -4 10 0Brazil 1.1 0.2 0.2 19 31 22 29Korea, Republic of 1.0 0.3 0.2 15 20 34 25Norway 0.7 0.2 0.2 15 3 27 7

Above 15 417.2 97.2 97.8 - - - -Importers

European Union (27) 240.5 51.2 56.4 20 11 17 16 extra-EU (27) imports 59.9 15.3 14.0 17 15 12 21

United States 59.9 13.4 14.0 19 18 17 11Switzerland 17.8 4.7 4.2 17 14 13 6Japan 11.4 4.3 2.7 11 7 6 22Canada b 11.0 3.4 2.6 14 21 10 4Russian Federation c 9.2 1.1 2.2 29 52 20 35Australia b 7.1 2.1 1.7 15 1 21 7China a 5.5 0.9 1.3 25 18 43 42Brazil 5.0 1.6 1.2 14 26 32 24Turkey 4.7 1.2 1.1 17 5 15 23Mexico a, b 4.6 1.3 1.1 16 22 12 19Korea, Republic of 3.4 0.7 0.8 20 30 23 9Saudi Arabia c 2.8 0.8 0.7 16 12 15 27Ukraine 2.5 0.3 0.6 31 32 39 25Iran, Islamic Rep. of c 2.0 0.3 0.5 22 63 37 16

Above 15 387.3 87.3 90.8 - - - -

b Imports are valued f.o.b.

Leading exporters and importers of pharmaceuticals, 2008

a Includes significant shipments through processing zones.

c Includes Secretariat estimates.

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Share in world exports/imports Value Annual percentage change

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

75

4.3. Offi ce and telecom equipment

Table II.40

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

World 1561.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 6 4 3Asia

World 909.8 100.0 100.0 47.3 58.3 9 10 3Asia 461.6 48.5 50.7 22.9 29.6 10 11 2North America 202.3 29.4 22.2 13.9 13.0 5 3 -1Europe 201.2 20.0 22.1 9.4 12.9 10 15 6South and Central America 14.1 0.9 1.6 0.4 0.9 17 15 25Middle East 13.4 0.8 1.5 0.4 0.9 18 17 28Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 7.9 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.5 37 56 20Africa 7.9 0.3 0.9 0.2 0.5 23 24 30

ChinaWorld 382.2 100.0 100.0 4.5 24.5 31 21 10Asia 128.2 37.3 33.6 1.7 8.2 29 21 12Europe 118.1 25.2 30.9 1.1 7.6 35 31 11North America 109.8 34.2 28.7 1.5 7.0 28 11 1South and Central America 8.5 1.4 2.2 0.1 0.5 39 44 38Middle East 6.8 0.9 1.8 0.0 0.4 43 38 52Africa 5.5 0.6 1.4 0.0 0.3 47 43 47Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 5.3 0.3 1.4 0.0 0.3 56 49 24

Other economies in AsiaWorld 527.6 100.0 100.0 42.8 33.8 3 4 -1Asia 333.3 49.7 63.2 21.2 21.3 6 8 -1North America 92.5 28.9 17.5 12.4 5.9 -3 -5 -4Europe 83.1 19.4 15.8 8.3 5.3 0 1 -1Middle East 6.6 0.8 1.3 0.3 0.4 10 5 10South and Central America 5.6 0.8 1.1 0.3 0.4 7 -7 9Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 2.6 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.2 23 69 11Africa 2.4 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.2 8 2 3

EuropeWorld 414.6 100.0 100.0 29.7 26.6 5 -6 1Europe 312.7 74.7 75.4 22.2 20.0 5 -9 2Asia 39.4 11.0 9.5 3.3 2.5 3 7 2North America 17.3 7.7 4.2 2.3 1.1 -3 -3 -2Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 17.0 1.0 4.1 0.3 1.1 25 16 5Middle East 12.5 1.8 3.0 0.5 0.8 12 -7 -7Africa 11.8 1.9 2.8 0.6 0.8 10 9 2South and Central America 3.6 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.2 4 -8 9

North AmericaWorld 208.1 100.0 100.0 21.5 13.3 0 3 2North America 96.5 44.3 46.4 9.5 6.2 1 6 2Asia 58.0 31.2 27.9 6.7 3.7 -1 -2 -2Europe 29.0 17.4 14.0 3.7 1.9 -3 2 0South and Central America 19.9 5.4 9.6 1.2 1.3 7 11 14Middle East 2.7 1.1 1.3 0.2 0.2 2 8 19Africa 1.3 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.1 6 -19 6Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 8 17 -9

Annual percentage change

Exports of office and telecom equipment of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Value Share in region's exports Share in world exports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

76

Table II.41

Value Share Value Share

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 536164 100.0 6 -3 3 World 259944 100.0 2 4 -1Europe 291554 54.4 5 -10 1 Asia 198664 76.4 3 2 -1Asia 208510 38.9 10 9 7 North America 45234 17.4 1 15 -1North America 29028 5.4 -4 1 -8 Europe 13488 5.2 -2 -2 7South and Central America 2892 0.5 10 -5 14 Middle East 1316 0.5 -5 -3 -14Middle East 1912 0.4 -1 -33 -3 South and Central America 1080 0.4 -7 -16 -10Africa 1247 0.2 11 16 1 Africa 140 0.1 -3 -1 4CIS 685 0.1 20 81 8 CIS 22 0.0 1 39 -12

Economy Economy European Union (27) 286071 53.4 5 -10 1 China 105360 40.5 21 9 2China 108931 20.3 29 20 13 Mexico 38533 14.8 4 18 0United States 24155 4.5 -5 2 -13 Malaysia 21369 8.2 1 -16 -12Japan 22510 4.2 -1 0 3 Japan 19226 7.4 -8 -5 -4Korea, Republic of 19865 3.7 9 9 -1 Korea, Republic of 15754 6.1 -3 4 10

Above 5 461532 86.1 - - - Above 5 200242 77.0 - - -Taipei, Chinese 16045 3.0 2 0 -6 Taipei, Chinese 13629 5.2 -4 -2 -7Malaysia 12804 2.4 5 3 -2 European Union (27) 12644 4.9 -2 -3 5Singapore 8069 1.5 -3 -21 -10 Thailand 8982 3.5 6 2 3Thailand 6398 1.2 9 14 13 Singapore 7177 2.8 -8 -4 -17Hong Kong, China 5552 1.0 8 -13 40 Canada 6701 2.6 -10 -1 -4Philippines 4348 0.8 0 -6 -7 Philippines 3322 1.3 -11 -6 -11Mexico 3102 0.6 12 2 66 Indonesia 1637 0.6 -3 10 10Costa Rica 2526 0.5 10 -3 17 Israel 1306 0.5 -5 -1 -14Turkey 2177 0.4 11 -16 -18 Hong Kong, China 933 0.4 -8 -2 -5Switzerland 1799 0.3 0 -28 -3 Costa Rica 666 0.3 -6 6 2Canada 1769 0.3 -6 -7 -18 Viet Nam 605 0.2 163 51 31Indonesia 1690 0.3 4 15 -9 India 468 0.2 25 -19 77Israel 1353 0.3 -3 14 -1 Norway 443 0.2 15 24 43India 1255 0.2 35 36 127 Switzerland 386 0.1 0 3 65Norway 1163 0.2 7 15 33 Brazil 249 0.1 -13 -47 -21

Above 20 531582 99.1 - - - Above 20 259389 99.8 - - -

(Million dollars and percentage)

Imports of office and telecom equipment of selected economies by origin, 2008

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

European Union (27) United States

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

77

Table II.41 (continued)

Value Share Value Share

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 231489 100.0 23 14 2 World 72554 100.0 2 1 4Asia 205491 88.8 26 15 2 Asia 60756 83.7 5 3 6North America 13608 5.9 11 9 6 North America 8250 11.4 -7 -6 -7Europe 9281 4.0 3 9 -4 Europe 2959 4.1 -6 -6 9South and Central America 2261 1.0 97 29 -1 South and Central America 270 0.4 3 -2 16Middle East 512 0.2 21 40 2 Middle East 187 0.3 5 1 80Africa 285 0.1 30 12 -12 Africa 11 0.0 -3 -14 -8CIS 50 0.0 3 -20 35 CIS 3 0.0 15 -17 -40

Economy Economy China 47517 20.5 43 9 11 China 30604 42.2 22 7 13Taipei, Chinese 36404 15.7 27 16 1 Taipei, Chinese 8239 11.4 -2 -8 0Korea, Republic of 33780 14.6 29 14 -1 Korea, Republic of 7471 10.3 2 15 -8Japan 28169 12.2 15 14 0 United States 7306 10.1 -8 -7 -9Malaysia 18403 8.0 28 14 7 Malaysia 4529 6.2 -4 -3 15

Above 5 164273 71.0 - - - Above 5 58150 80.1 - - -Philippines 16564 7.2 40 29 -15 Thailand 3302 4.6 4 3 -5Thailand 12734 5.5 33 36 19 European Union (27) 2890 4.0 -6 -7 10United States 11400 4.9 10 7 5 Singapore 2620 3.6 -4 -7 1European Union (27) 8999 3.9 3 8 -5 Philippines 2368 3.3 -6 -4 -17Singapore 6380 2.8 17 -7 -4 Indonesia 830 1.1 0 3 14Hong Kong, China 3291 1.4 5 26 -8 Mexico 637 0.9 3 12 26Costa Rica 2232 1.0 102 32 -2 Viet Nam 575 0.8 46 47 136Indonesia 1574 0.7 24 -1 -4 Canada 308 0.4 -4 -15 -17Mexico 1271 0.5 21 28 -2 Costa Rica 263 0.4 7 0 15Canada 937 0.4 14 1 34 Hong Kong, China 224 0.3 -10 -1 -20Israel 504 0.2 21 40 1 Israel 184 0.3 5 1 79Viet Nam 456 0.2 75 214 113 India 37 0.1 28 75 164Morocco 280 0.1 31 14 -13 Norway 36 0.1 12 46 36Switzerland 167 0.1 18 17 -17 Switzerland 33 0.0 -12 31 -26Norway 109 0.0 29 71 105 Australia 16 0.0 -14 54 -34

Above 20 231171 99.9 - - - Above 20 72472 99.9 - - -

a In 2008, China reported imports from China accounting for 20.5 per cent of its office and telecom equipment imports. For further information, see the Metadata.

Imports of office and telecom equipment of selected economies by origin, 2008

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

(Million dollars and percentage)

China a Japan

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

78

Table II.42

2008 1980 1990 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

Exporters European Union (27) 405.8 - - 29.2 26.0 5 15 -6 1

extra-EU (27) exports 119.7 - - 8.7 7.7 5 -3 4 1China 382.2 0.1 1.0 4.5 24.5 31 27 21 10Hong Kong, China 146.6 - - - - 14 14 9 7

domestic exports 1.8 2.0 1.6 0.4 0.1 -9 1 -47 -1 re-exports 144.8 - - - - 15 14 11 8

United States 137.4 19.5 17.3 15.8 8.8 -1 8 -1 2Singapore 121.0 3.2 6.4 7.6 7.7 6 16 2 1

domestic exports 51.1 2.5 4.9 4.3 3.3 3 22 0 -8 re-exports 69.9 0.7 1.5 3.3 4.5 10 11 4 8

Japan 103.3 21.1 22.5 11.2 6.6 -1 2 4 0Korea, Republic of 88.1 2.0 4.8 6.1 5.6 5 1 11 -5Taipei, Chinese 69.7 3.2 4.7 6.0 4.5 2 26 1 -3Malaysia 67.7 1.4 2.7 5.4 4.3 3 13 1 -1Mexico 56.3 0.1 1.5 3.5 3.6 7 22 16 5Thailand 32.5 0.0 1.2 1.9 2.1 7 23 9 1Philippines 25.7 0.1 0.6 2.6 1.6 0 9 10 -10Canada 14.3 2.0 1.9 2.1 0.9 -5 8 3 -6United Arab Emirates 11.4 ... ... 0.2 0.7 28 -1 22 2Israel 6.3 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.4 -1 12 9 -3

Above 15 1523.4 - - 97.2 97.6 - - - -Importers

European Union (27) 536.2 - - 34.0 32.1 6 17 -3 3 extra-EU (27) imports 250.1 - - 14.7 15.0 7 10 7 4

United States 259.9 15.9 21.1 21.3 15.5 2 9 3 -1China 231.5 0.6 1.3 4.4 13.8 23 23 14 2Hong Kong, China 148.2 - - - - 12 16 10 4

retained imports 3.4 1.7 1.4 1.3 0.2 -16 40 -7 -56Singapore 87.3 2.6 4.5 5.4 5.2 6 15 2 0

retained imports 17.4 1.9 2.9 2.2 1.0 -3 25 -1 -23Japan 72.6 2.6 3.7 6.0 4.3 2 3 1 4Korea, Republic of 47.9 1.3 2.6 3.4 2.9 4 7 13 5Mexico 47.9 0.9 1.5 2.9 2.9 6 18 4 9Malaysia 45.7 1.6 1.9 3.2 2.7 4 10 5 -5Taipei, Chinese 39.5 1.4 2.5 3.8 2.4 0 7 -2 -3Canada 33.1 4.1 3.5 3.0 2.0 1 9 5 3United Arab Emirates 23.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 1.4 25 8 -1 51Thailand 22.3 0.2 1.1 1.4 1.3 6 9 5 2Russian Federation 21.2 - - 0.3 1.3 28 14 32 12Philippines 20.2 0.2 0.7 1.5 1.2 4 6 5 -18

Above 15 1491.8 - - 92.3 89.2 - - - -

d Imports are valued f.o.b.

b Includes Secretariat estimates. c In 2008, China reported imports of office and telecom equipment from China amounting to $47.5 billion. For further information, see the Metadata.

Leading exporters and importers of office and telecom equipment, 2008

a Includes significant shipments through processing zones

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Share in world exports/imports Value Annual percentage change

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

79

Table II.43

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

World 298551 | 968714 1456071 1519459 1561384 15.4 9.9Argentina 119 94 121 151 150 0.4 0.2Australia 741 1781 1759 1969 2150 2.8 1.1Belarus - 99 90 99 104 1.4 0.3Brazil 692 2317 3979 2678 3162 4.2 1.6Canada 5622 20631 14751 15189 14262 7.5 3.1China b 3126 43498 287316 347798 382213 17.5 26.8Costa Rica b 0 1688 2004 2407 2175 28.8 22.5Croatia ... 87 276 361 399 2.0 2.8European Union (27) - 282381 426741 400710 405761 11.5 6.9 intra-EU (27) exports - 198419 313158 282621 286071 11.9 7.2 extra-EU (27) exports - 83962 113583 118089 119690 10.7 6.2Hong Kong, China 12886 50066 124673 136411 146577 24.7 39.6 domestic exports 4772 3997 3424 1831 1811 17.0 10.7 re-exports 8114 46069 121250 134398 144766 25.7 41.0India 182 384 1173 1356 1737 0.9 1.0Indonesia 124 7280 6063 5291 5800 11.1 4.2Israel 1226 6939 5934 6470 6278 22.1 10.3Japan 67032 108179 99490 103195 103264 22.6 13.2Jordan 4 36 195 383 289 1.9 3.7Korea, Republic of 14339 58686 83671 92680 88070 34.1 20.9Macao, China 14 19 73 143 114 0.8 5.7Malaysia b, c 8207 52382 67874 68400 67695 53.3 33.9Mauritius b, c 3 2 306 92 91 0.1 3.9Mexico b 4535 34042 46586 53911 56349 20.5 19.3Morocco b 110 506 782 795 712 6.8 3.5New Zealand 95 231 369 422 407 1.7 1.3Norway 655 1142 1526 1703 2267 1.9 1.3Pakistan 4 6 94 83 87 0.1 0.4Philippines b, c 1835 25138 25862 28560 25651 63.2 52.3Russian Federation - 306 705 731 1041 0.3 0.2Saudi Arabia c 14 29 166 188 181 0.0 0.1Serbia ... ... 61 102 235 ... 2.1Singapore 19235 73820 | 118023 120334 120994 53.6 35.8 domestic exports 14685 41523 | 55561 55453 51080 52.8 29.1 re-exports 4549 32297 | 62462 64882 69915 54.6 43.0South Africa ... 409 764 883 891 1.4 1.1Switzerland 1520 2909 | 2773 3160 3502 3.6 1.7Taipei, Chinese 14105 57821 71035 72025 69730 39.0 27.3Thailand 3520 18653 29354 32103 32544 27.0 18.3Tunisia 24 49 335 347 649 0.8 3.4Turkey 259 1008 3165 2871 2400 3.6 1.8Ukraine - 94 279 596 669 0.6 1.0United Arab Emirates c ... 1633 9163 11167 11407 3.3 4.9United States 51658 153399 136263 134694 137374 19.6 10.7Viet Nam c ... 652 1713 1926 2385 4.5 3.8

a Or nearest year. b Includes significant exports from processing zones. c Includes Secretariat estimates.

Value

Exports of office and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

Share in economy's total merchandise exports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

80

Table II.44

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Algeria 253 444 1208 1134 1688 4.8 4.3Argentina 305 3477 3961 4593 4957 13.8 8.6Australia b 4343 10771 15511 17375 17995 15.1 9.4Bangladesh c, d 91 199 1013 892 1144 2.2 4.8Belarus - 194 573 622 816 2.2 2.1Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 367 1189 4436 5492 4587 8.2 9.2Brazil e 1514 7601 11040 12364 16302 13.6 9.4Canada b 10475 30418 30458 32117 33142 12.7 8.1Chile 456 1681 2867 3180 3421 9.1 5.5China f 4058 44427 197948 226459 231489 19.7 20.4Colombia 365 1048 3127 3671 4148 9.1 10.5Costa Rica f 84 977 2399 1930 2435 15.3 15.8Croatia ... 418 1291 1550 1700 5.3 5.5Ecuador 57 200 926 931 1380 5.4 7.4Egypt 226 593 858 1164 1776 4.2 3.7El Salvador f ... 325 465 613 494 6.6 5.1European Union (27) g - 343708 536577 522844 536164 13.3 8.6 extra-EU (27) imports - 148928 224251 240223 250093 16.2 11.0Guatemala f 61 419 | 822 907 867 8.7 6.0Hong Kong, China 12326 59370 129590 142194 148170 27.7 37.7 retained imports 4212 13301 8340 7796 3404 38.1 20.1India 662 2664 12793 15382 16979 5.2 5.8Indonesia 892 705 2150 3522 11509 1.6 9.1Iran, Islamic Rep. of d ... 530 2591 2421 2985 3.8 5.2Israel 939 4894 4495 4882 5257 13.0 7.8Japan 11273 60866 68686 69659 72554 16.0 9.5Jordan 56 201 732 1055 1078 4.4 6.4Kazakhstan - 261 825 1316 766 5.2 2.0Kenya 124 142 354 465 633 4.6 5.7Korea, Republic of 7741 34012 40279 45536 47868 21.2 11.0Kuwait 128 409 892 1062 1396 5.7 5.6Macao, China 64 104 480 622 617 4.6 11.5Malaysia f 5744 32405 46062 48198 45721 39.5 29.1Mexico b, f 4640 29011 42418 43928 47852 16.6 15.5Morocco f 306 1212 1473 1927 1958 10.5 4.7New Zealand 905 1618 2356 2682 2711 11.6 7.9Norway 1732 3352 5488 6375 6966 9.7 7.8Pakistan 236 372 2530 2125 2077 3.4 4.9Panama 65 244 398 416 608 7.2 6.7Paraguay 320 224 1578 1548 1853 10.2 18.2Peru d 100 656 1329 1455 2128 8.9 7.1Philippines d 2044 15150 23299 24519 20182 40.9 33.5Qatar 52 143 721 813 1049 4.4 3.9Russian Federation d - 3002 14298 18888 21207 6.7 7.3Saudi Arabia d 811 1242 4789 6023 6609 4.1 5.7Serbia ... ... 700 1102 1110 ... 4.8Serbia and Montenegro ... 145 ... ... ... 3.9 5.0Singapore 13392 54107 | 85262 87353 87307 40.2 27.3 retained imports 8842 21810 | 22801 22472 17393 28.9 11.1South Africa b ... 3364 7112 7349 7371 12.6 8.4Sri Lanka d 51 259 496 535 523 3.6 3.7Sudan ... 96 549 2073 463 6.2 5.1Switzerland 4797 8045 8971 9805 10674 9.7 5.8Taipei, Chinese 7438 38646 41477 40737 39472 27.6 16.4Thailand 3421 14055 20863 21841 22290 22.7 12.5Tunisia 149 318 799 790 1055 3.7 4.3Turkey 1234 5522 7634 8724 8119 10.1 4.0Ukraine - 327 1438 1388 1627 2.3 1.9United Arab Emirates d 698 4002 15561 15403 23185 11.4 14.0United States 63365 215544 253703 262582 259944 17.1 12.0Viet Nam d ... 1038 2990 4504 5380 6.6 6.7

a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Figures refer to fiscal year. d Includes Secretariat estimates. e Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. f Includes significant imports into processing zones. g See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports.

Value

Imports of office and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

Share in economy's total merchandise imports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

81

4.3.1. EDP equipment

Table II.45

Value Share Value Share

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 218321 100.0 5 -5 0 World 104718 100.0 1 2 -5Europe 120525 55.2 4 -4 -1 Asia 90633 86.6 3 3 -5Asia 83158 38.1 7 1 3 North America 8428 8.0 -5 3 -7North America 11182 5.1 -5 -33 -6 Europe 4759 4.5 -6 -15 -1South and Central America 2510 1.2 13 -4 20 South and Central America 511 0.5 -7 16 -6Middle East 613 0.3 1 5 1 Middle East 366 0.4 -1 48 -35Africa 232 0.1 16 34 -5 Africa 17 0.0 12 -10 89CIS 75 0.0 6 -6 19 CIS 4 0.0 19 0 100

Economy Economy European Union (27) 119473 54.7 4 -5 -1 China 53991 51.6 21 10 -1China 49715 22.8 26 12 11 Malaysia 11840 11.3 4 -3 -18United States 9530 4.4 -6 -36 -7 Japan 8383 8.0 -8 -4 -2Japan 8408 3.9 -3 -1 1 Mexico 6474 6.2 -4 0 -7Taipei, Chinese 5526 2.5 -7 -29 -12 Singapore 4723 4.5 -9 -15 -10

Above 5 192652 88.2 - - - Above 5 85411 81.6 - - -Malaysia 5348 2.5 5 2 -11 European Union (27) 4567 4.4 -6 -16 -2Singapore 4364 2.0 -3 -17 -6 Thailand 4105 3.9 5 10 4Thailand 3269 1.5 8 11 12 Taipei, Chinese 2739 2.6 -16 -25 -21Costa Rica 2446 1.1 13 -3 21 Korea, Republic of 2695 2.6 -13 -1 -19Korea, Republic of 1968 0.9 -9 -6 -24 Canada 1954 1.9 -8 15 -8Hong Kong, China 1900 0.9 3 -19 10 Philippines 935 0.9 -12 -3 -12Philippines 1574 0.7 -6 -11 -19 Indonesia 507 0.5 -5 16 13Mexico 925 0.4 2 -4 17 Costa Rica 424 0.4 -8 22 0Switzerland 754 0.3 1 39 -11 Israel 363 0.3 -1 49 -35Canada 727 0.3 2 -2 -18 Viet Nam 295 0.3 221 31 16Israel 440 0.2 -1 37 -1 Hong Kong, China 248 0.2 -5 18 19Indonesia 402 0.2 -5 -2 -12 Switzerland 134 0.1 -6 -1 53Viet Nam 390 0.2 83 24 46 India 99 0.1 19 -7 136India 185 0.1 30 51 38 Norway 52 0.1 -6 25 2Norway 174 0.1 -1 -10 0 Australia 46 0.0 0 33 -26

Above 20 217519 99.6 - - - Above 20 104574 99.9 - - -

Imports of EDP and office equipment of selected economies by origin, 2008

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

(Million dollars and percentage)

European Union (27) United States

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

82

Table II.45 (continued)

Value Share Value Share

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 46471 100.0 20 12 2 World 24576 100.0 -1 -11 4Asia 42373 91.2 23 13 3 Asia 21597 87.9 1 -7 5North America 2445 5.3 2 -8 -6 North America 1664 6.8 -14 -35 -8Europe 1565 3.4 9 5 -8 Europe 1116 4.5 -10 -8 4Middle East 79 0.2 18 67 58 Middle East 46 0.2 -5 -33 21South and Central America 6 0.0 25 -36 -14 South and Central America 43 0.2 -1 -27 95Africa 2 0.0 ... 0 100 Africa 1 0.0 -8 0 0CIS 1 0.0 0 100 -50 CIS 0 0.0 ... ... ...

Economy Economy China 15654 33.7 39 15 2 China 15570 63.4 23 -1 9Thailand 8283 17.8 36 44 25 United States 1344 5.5 -15 -35 -13Korea, Republic of 3864 8.3 26 49 -28 Thailand 1271 5.2 1 -11 2Japan 3863 8.3 11 -5 -2 Singapore 1159 4.7 -7 -20 -1Philippines 3022 6.5 29 -2 14 European Union (27) 1096 4.5 -10 -9 5

Above 5 34686 74.6 - - - Above 5 20439 83.2 - - -Malaysia 2334 5.0 16 -2 43 Taipei, Chinese 962 3.9 -20 -33 0United States 2075 4.5 2 -5 -6 Philippines 805 3.3 -10 -7 -4Singapore 2060 4.4 11 8 -1 Malaysia 678 2.8 -14 -33 2Taipei, Chinese 1999 4.3 8 -16 -6 Korea, Republic of 639 2.6 -16 -10 -37European Union (27) 1534 3.3 9 4 -7 Indonesia 292 1.2 4 7 15Indonesia 799 1.7 20 -20 -12 Mexico 268 1.1 2 -26 38Mexico 317 0.7 5 -12 -13 Viet Nam 111 0.5 41 9 95Viet Nam 279 0.6 117 235 98 Hong Kong, China 59 0.2 -14 -46 -24Hong Kong, China 186 0.4 -13 -50 -28 Canada 53 0.2 -18 -57 -21Israel 78 0.2 20 68 57 Israel 46 0.2 -5 -34 21Canada 54 0.1 12 -47 7 Costa Rica 41 0.2 -1 -10 99India 22 0.0 47 55 -51 India 30 0.1 ... 200 233Switzerland 21 0.0 5 76 -34 Switzerland 15 0.1 -18 41 -39Norway 8 0.0 22 20 121 Australia 6 0.0 -20 19 -40Australia 6 0.0 -10 64 -69 Norway 4 0.0 -1 16 -24

Above 20 46457 100.0 - - - Above 20 24447 99.5 - - -

a In 2008, China reported imports from China accounting for nearly 34 per cent of its EDP and office equipment imports. For further information, see the Metadata.

Imports of EDP and office equipment of selected economies by origin, 2008

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

(Million dollars and percentage)

China a Japan

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

83

Table II.46

2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

Exporters China a 176.8 5.0 32.2 32 21 23 7European Union (27) 156.6 30.5 28.6 4 10 -3 -1

extra-EU (27) exports 37.2 7.0 6.8 5 2 3 -1United States 47.1 15.5 8.6 -2 5 -4 0Hong Kong, China 37.1 - - 11 9 -14 7

domestic exports 0.2 0.3 0.0 -17 42 -85 -45 re-exports 36.9 - - 11 8 -10 7

Singapore 32.9 8.4 6.0 1 0 0 2 domestic exports 16.3 6.0 3.0 -4 0 -2 -20 re-exports 16.6 2.4 3.0 8 1 5 38

Malaysia a, b 26.8 5.6 4.9 3 22 -3 -1Japan 24.5 9.5 4.5 -4 -1 3 -2Thailand 17.6 2.4 3.2 9 27 13 6Korea, Republic of 14.7 5.3 2.7 -4 1 10 -25Taipei, Chinese 10.7 7.9 2.0 -12 -3 -13 -15Mexico a 10.3 3.2 1.9 -2 6 0 -16Philippines a, b 9.0 1.9 1.6 3 5 25 -12United Arab Emirates b 4.2 0.2 0.8 27 81 55 2Canada 4.1 1.5 0.7 -4 6 10 -5Indonesia 1.8 0.8 0.3 -6 -11 -27 -1

Above 15 537.3 97.7 98.0 - - - -Importers

European Union (27) 218.3 39.8 39.2 5 13 -5 0 extra-EU (27) imports 98.8 17.5 17.8 5 14 -4 3

United States 104.7 24.7 18.8 1 8 2 -5China a, c 46.5 2.8 8.4 20 14 12 2Hong Kong, China 35.3 - - 9 14 -10 7

retained imports ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Japan 24.6 7.2 4.4 -1 -4 -11 4Singapore 20.7 4.4 3.7 3 -1 2 5

retained imports 4.1 2.1 0.7 -8 -3 -4 -47Canada d 13.3 3.2 2.4 1 8 3 -2United Arab Emirates b 12.8 0.3 2.3 33 25 10 99Mexico a, d 11.7 1.5 2.1 9 3 -3 3Malaysia a 9.7 1.2 1.7 10 5 6 -10Korea, Republic of 8.6 2.0 1.5 1 14 11 -3Australia d 8.1 1.3 1.5 6 7 14 1Thailand 7.5 1.0 1.3 9 12 10 6Russian Federation b 6.6 0.4 1.2 22 15 17 15Taipei, Chinese 5.1 2.7 0.9 -9 -7 5 -4

Above 15 e 498.2 92.4 89.5 - - - -

d Imports are valued f.o.b.

Annual percentage change

e Excludes retained imports of Hong Kong, China.

Leading exporters and importers of EDP and office equipment, 2008

a Includes significant shipments through processing zones. b Includes Secretariat estimates. c In 2008, China reported imports of EDP and office equipment imports from China amounting to 15.7 billion dollars. For further information, see the Metadata.

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Share in world exports/imports Value

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

84

Table II.47

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

World ... 372015 519331 547715 548199 5.9 3.5Australia 494 811 864 975 1038 1.3 0.6Brazil 172 490 501 324 409 0.9 0.2Canada 2708 5516 3912 4306 4085 2.0 0.9China b 375 18638 134494 165866 176784 7.5 12.4Costa Rica b ... 1628 639 1026 1053 27.8 10.9Croatia ... 11 77 123 130 0.2 0.9European Union (27) - 113286 164286 158785 156627 4.6 2.7 intra-EU (27) exports - 87387 127763 121193 119473 5.2 3.0 extra-EU (27) exports - 25899 36523 37592 37154 3.3 1.9Hong Kong, China 3518 16402 40583 34722 37067 8.1 10.0 domestic exports 2086 937 2508 379 209 4.0 1.2 re-exports 1432 15465 38075 34343 36858 8.6 10.4India 112 209 483 452 517 0.5 0.3Indonesia 1 3041 2461 1798 1781 4.6 1.3Israel 421 902 845 957 1126 2.9 1.9Japan 24832 35209 24131 24876 24488 7.3 3.1Jordan 2 13 22 26 41 0.7 0.5Korea, Republic of 2702 19633 17884 19710 14748 11.4 3.5Macao, China ... 12 52 89 51 0.5 2.6Malaysia b, c 676 20689 27982 27119 26778 21.1 13.4Mexico b ... 11757 12283 12340 10341 7.1 3.5New Zealand 53 82 150 157 134 0.6 0.4Norway 350 460 399 392 430 0.8 0.2Philippines b, c 180 7208 8178 10209 9016 18.1 18.4Russian Federation - 71 133 164 226 0.1 0.0Saudi Arabia c ... 8 82 68 83 0.0 0.0Serbia ... ... 33 55 77 ... 0.7Serbia and Montenegro ... 3 ... ... ... 0.2 0.3Singapore 9205 31118 | 32195 32305 32858 22.6 9.7 domestic exports 8022 22320 | 20767 20263 16253 28.4 9.3 re-exports 1183 8799 | 11427 12042 16605 14.9 10.2South Africa ... 141 270 257 270 0.5 0.3Sri Lanka ... ... 39 25 9 ... 0.1Switzerland 617 1359 | 741 1048 1121 1.7 0.6Taipei, Chinese 6673 29309 14501 12665 10736 19.8 4.2Thailand 1562 8769 14658 16610 17600 12.7 9.9Tunisia 2 2 59 111 120 0.0 0.6Turkey 20 63 89 138 151 0.2 0.1Ukraine - 16 46 36 43 0.1 0.1United Arab Emirates c ... 613 2626 4073 4167 1.2 1.8United States 27766 57595 49193 47300 47101 7.4 3.7Viet Nam c ... 486 1180 1053 1304 3.4 2.1

a Or nearest year. b Includes significant exports from processing zones. c Includes Secretariat estimates.

Value

Exports of EDP and office equipment of selected economies, 1990-2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

Share in economy's total merchandise exports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

85

Table II.48

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 aAlgeria 94 111 324 327 532 1.2 1.3Argentina 120 1191 1217 1418 1626 4.7 2.8Australia b 2697 5043 7021 8021 8133 7.1 4.2Belarus - 91 182 243 328 1.1 0.8Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 191 388 1265 1545 1366 2.7 2.8Brazil c 469 1962 2719 3472 4300 3.5 2.5Canada b 5171 12042 13161 13535 13328 5.0 3.3Chile 144 654 962 1060 1264 3.5 2.0China d 772 10858 40692 45458 46471 4.8 4.1Colombia 123 420 858 1246 1451 3.6 3.7Costa Rica d 40 175 296 347 545 2.7 3.5Croatia ... 191 538 622 637 2.4 2.1Ecuador 20 84 278 319 434 2.3 2.3Egypt 78 206 264 216 517 1.5 1.1European Union (27) e - 152035 228115 217611 218321 5.9 3.5 extra-EU (27) imports - 66800 100942 96418 98848 7.3 4.3Guatemala d 25 130 | 233 295 266 2.7 1.8Hong Kong, China 2278 18341 36690 33112 35324 8.6 9.0 retained imports ... ... ... ... ... ... ...India 237 1429 4151 4197 4832 2.8 1.6Indonesia 246 215 573 1017 3277 0.5 2.6Iran, Islamic Rep. of f ... 155 491 530 516 1.1 0.9Israel 436 1717 1693 1879 1921 4.6 2.8Japan 5335 27551 26438 23633 24576 7.3 3.2Kazakhstan - 68 232 442 355 1.3 0.9Korea, Republic of 1813 7711 8028 8881 8624 4.8 2.0Kuwait ... 134 318 364 410 1.9 1.6Malaysia d 686 4450 10207 10806 9708 5.4 6.2Mexico b, d ... 5651 11581 11267 11652 3.2 3.8Morocco d 70 195 424 461 520 1.7 1.2New Zealand 446 734 1171 1289 1276 5.3 3.7Norway 1046 1710 2612 2921 3196 5.0 3.6Pakistan 47 204 319 280 291 1.9 0.7Paraguay 25 114 995 914 826 5.2 8.1Peru f 47 278 430 466 682 3.7 2.3Philippines f 338 2522 3892 5204 4758 6.8 7.9Qatar 18 53 296 360 465 1.6 1.7Russian Federation f - 1347 4924 5761 6646 3.0 2.3Saudi Arabia f 225 381 1391 1997 2397 1.3 2.1Serbia ... ... 331 470 475 ... 2.1Serbia and Montenegro ... 67 ... ... ... 1.8 2.4Singapore 4352 16682 | 19408 19714 20706 12.4 6.5 retained imports 3169 7883 | 7981 7671 4101 10.4 2.6South Africa b ... 1205 2947 3108 3021 4.5 3.4Switzerland 2823 4568 4460 4596 4926 5.5 2.7Taipei, Chinese 1574 10310 5050 5296 5063 7.4 2.1Thailand 1114 3821 6387 7025 7475 6.2 4.2Tunisia 58 135 357 397 479 1.6 1.9Turkey 471 1591 2812 3260 3126 2.9 1.5Ukraine - 104 233 259 435 0.7 0.5United Arab Emirates f ... 1276 5840 6422 12758 3.6 7.7United States 27499 94193 108520 110631 104718 7.5 4.8Viet Nam f ... 217 998 1359 1624 1.4 2.0

a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. d Includes significant imports into processing zones. e See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports. f Includes Secretariat estimates.

Imports of EDP and office equipment of selected economies, 1990-2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

Value Share in economy's total

merchandise imports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

86

4.3.2. Telecommunications equipment

Table II.49

Value Share Value Share

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 237705 100.0 9 -2 2 World 128920 100.0 8 7 3Europe 131408 55.3 7 -16 3 Asia 87185 67.6 10 2 4Asia 90678 38.1 17 19 4 North America 35085 27.2 4 21 1North America 12621 5.3 -1 90 -12 Europe 5411 4.2 3 6 20Middle East 1231 0.5 -2 -44 -1 Middle East 871 0.7 -3 3 6Africa 613 0.3 15 23 15 South and Central America 331 0.3 -8 -37 -24CIS 560 0.2 29 122 5 Africa 30 0.0 11 12 7South and Central America 293 0.1 15 -27 2 CIS 7 0.0 2 140 -42

Economy Economy European Union (27) 127927 53.8 7 -16 3 China 49172 38.1 22 9 5China 47400 19.9 29 26 4 Mexico 31187 24.2 9 25 1Korea, Republic of 15200 6.4 23 14 3 Korea, Republic of 10411 8.1 10 15 24United States 9758 4.1 -2 122 -21 Japan 7209 5.6 -6 -8 -8Japan 8558 3.6 1 -2 -1 Malaysia 6561 5.1 3 -34 -5

Above 5 208843 87.9 - - - Above 5 104540 81.1 - - -Taipei, Chinese 6464 2.7 19 42 -7 Taipei, Chinese 6313 4.9 9 13 -5Malaysia 4235 1.8 8 15 9 European Union (27) 4946 3.8 2 5 18Hong Kong, China 3267 1.4 23 -4 74 Canada 3897 3.0 -11 -6 -1Thailand 2392 1.0 11 27 16 Thailand 3770 2.9 12 -12 7Turkey 2092 0.9 12 -17 -18 Singapore 1072 0.8 4 78 -35Mexico 2058 0.9 24 15 119 Indonesia 944 0.7 -1 4 13Indonesia 1183 0.5 10 22 -8 Israel 865 0.7 -3 7 7Israel 867 0.4 -4 2 5 Hong Kong, China 600 0.5 10 -1 -12Canada 804 0.3 -7 -9 -29 Philippines 398 0.3 -1 18 -18Switzerland 626 0.3 -2 -51 7 Norway 386 0.3 26 26 52Norway 585 0.2 3 28 14 India 327 0.3 35 -24 95Singapore 584 0.2 -10 -52 -27 Viet Nam 308 0.2 146 90 50India 520 0.2 31 33 120 Brazil 205 0.2 -13 -50 -25Ukraine 474 0.2 37 222 8 Switzerland 70 0.1 15 19 69Philippines 445 0.2 3 10 -11 Australia 69 0.1 -1 52 -14

Above 20 235439 99.0 - - - Above 20 128710 99.8 - - -

Imports of telecommunications equipment of selected economies by origin, 2008

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

(Million dollars and percentage)

European Union (27) United States

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

87

Table II.49 (continued)

Value Share Value Share

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 36893 100.0 15 1 3 World 24174 100.0 8 25 10Asia 32283 87.5 23 -1 5 Asia 20990 86.8 12 22 14Europe 2429 6.6 -6 1 -22 North America 2415 10.0 -5 52 -10North America 2030 5.5 -1 46 10 Europe 697 2.9 -8 9 4Middle East 134 0.4 5 7 30 Middle East 60 0.2 7 40 7South and Central America 10 0.0 33 -63 11 South and Central America 3 0.0 -32 0 200CIS 4 0.0 -22 -40 33 Africa 1 0.0 ... ... ...Africa 2 0.0 -5 0 100 CIS 1 0.0 ... 0 -67

Economy Economy China 13678 37.1 37 -8 2 China 12533 51.8 21 22 18Japan 6136 16.6 12 11 10 Malaysia 2496 10.3 2 27 35Korea, Republic of 5264 14.3 27 -16 2 Korea, Republic of 2338 9.7 10 15 4European Union (27) 2302 6.2 -7 0 -24 United States 1953 8.1 -7 47 -14Taipei, Chinese 1728 4.7 16 30 -8 Thailand 1423 5.9 7 21 -11

Above 5 29107 78.9 - - - Above 5 20742 85.8 - - -Malaysia 1573 4.3 21 17 29 Taipei, Chinese 810 3.4 6 51 -13United States 1553 4.2 -3 39 9 European Union (27) 656 2.7 -9 8 2Thailand 1105 3.0 41 40 24 Viet Nam 433 1.8 47 94 192Hong Kong, China 973 2.6 8 5 6 Philippines 389 1.6 2 -15 -20Philippines 922 2.5 46 16 19 Mexico 341 1.4 27 81 21Mexico 353 1.0 63 109 23 Indonesia 319 1.3 -3 3 25Indonesia 351 1.0 30 54 10 Hong Kong, China 126 0.5 11 113 -15Singapore 342 0.9 7 -17 -17 Canada 122 0.5 6 119 1Viet Nam 158 0.4 63 251 161 Singapore 80 0.3 -16 183 -47Israel 134 0.4 5 6 31 Israel 59 0.2 8 44 6Canada 124 0.3 -8 24 -14 Norway 32 0.1 15 60 51Norway 72 0.2 24 60 91 Switzerland 8 0.0 4 24 -4Switzerland 54 0.1 14 30 13 Australia 8 0.0 -8 114 -27Australia 26 0.1 4 70 3 Bangladesh 6 0.0 32 6 -25India 13 0.0 38 180 -7 India 4 0.0 19 -50 300

Above 20 36860 99.9 - - - Above 20 24137 99.8 - - -

a In 2008, China reported imports from China accounting for 37 per cent of its telecommunications equipment imports. For further information, see the Metadata.

Imports of telecommunications equipment of selected economies by origin, 2008

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

(Million dollars and percentage)

China a Japan

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

88

Table II.50

2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

Exporters European Union (27) 183.6 38.3 30.8 7 24 -11 4

extra-EU (27) exports 55.7 12.4 9.3 6 -9 4 4China a 161.9 6.8 27.1 30 30 18 11Hong Kong, China 58.9 - - 15 10 18 8

domestic exports 1.1 0.2 0.2 10 18 849 11 re-exports 57.8 - - 15 10 16 8

Korea, Republic of 45.1 5.0 7.6 15 -1 8 12Mexico a 44.2 6.7 7.4 11 33 24 11United States 39.6 11.4 6.6 2 11 9 7Japan 34.2 10.6 5.7 1 0 0 1Singapore 15.6 2.9 2.6 8 15 -1 -12

domestic exports 4.2 1.3 0.7 1 40 -16 -33 re-exports 11.4 1.6 1.9 12 3 9 -1

Malaysia a, b 13.9 4.5 2.3 1 7 -8 5Taipei, Chinese 11.6 2.3 1.9 7 3 1 -3Canada 7.3 4.0 1.2 -6 18 -1 -15United Arab Emirates b 6.9 0.3 1.2 27 -17 10 2Thailand 6.7 1.4 1.1 7 10 -2 8Israel 4.1 1.5 0.7 0 15 11 3Indonesia 3.2 1.2 0.5 -1 -4 -7 18Above 15 578.9 97.1 97.1 - - - -

Importers European Union (27) 237.7 38.8 38.2 9 27 -2 2

extra-EU (27) imports 109.8 14.3 17.6 12 9 22 1United States 128.9 24.0 20.7 8 11 7 3Hong Kong, China 51.1 - - 12 13 12 6

retained imports ... ... ... ... ... ... ...China a, c 36.9 4.1 5.9 15 21 1 3Mexico a, d 25.5 3.1 4.1 13 43 14 18Japan 24.2 4.5 3.9 8 -2 25 10Canada d 15.6 3.4 2.5 6 16 12 7Singapore 14.5 2.3 2.3 10 25 -2 -8

retained imports 3.1 0.8 0.5 3 108 -23 -28Russian Federation b 14.0 0.5 2.2 32 17 44 12India 10.6 0.2 1.7 40 27 32 7United Arab Emirates b 10.5 0.9 1.7 19 2 -7 21Korea, Republic of 9.5 1.9 1.5 6 13 9 15Australia d 8.9 1.6 1.4 8 15 11 6Brazil 7.6 1.0 1.2 12 30 16 47Indonesia 6.2 0.1 1.0 41 -1 66 169Above 15 e 550.6 86.6 88.4 - - - -

c In 2008, China reported imports of telecommunications equipment from China amounting to 13.7 billion dollars. For further information, see the Metadata. d Imports are valued f.o.b. e Excludes retained imports of Hong Kong, China.

Value Annual percentage change

Leading exporters and importers of telecommunications equipment, 2008

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Share in world exports/imports

a Includes significant shipments through processing zones. b Includes Secretariat estimates.

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

89

Table II.51

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

World ... 288248 545898 559040 596248 4.6 3.8Argentina 3 52 92 116 119 0.2 0.2Australia 226 838 660 712 838 1.3 0.4Belarus - 59 46 43 40 0.8 0.1Brazil 442 1596 3318 2307 2635 2.9 1.3Canada 1642 11656 8674 8577 7260 4.2 1.6China b 2623 19508 123613 146261 161856 7.8 11.3Costa Rica b ... 9 138 39 50 0.2 0.5Croatia ... 73 124 121 111 1.7 0.8European Union (27) - 110302 199451 177275 183586 4.5 3.1 intra-EU (27) exports - 74592 148259 123887 127927 4.5 3.2 extra-EU (27) exports - 35710 51192 53388 55659 4.6 2.9Hong Kong, China 6806 19618 46210 54719 58931 9.7 15.9 domestic exports 2137 540 107 1013 1125 2.3 6.6 re-exports 4669 19078 46103 53707 57806 10.6 16.4India 31 103 464 594 620 0.2 0.3Indonesia 105 3500 2898 2702 3192 5.4 2.3Israel 662 4256 3581 3987 4096 13.6 6.7Japan 28809 30516 33633 33700 34168 6.4 4.4Jordan 2 19 172 356 248 1.0 3.2Korea, Republic of 6273 14364 37300 40234 45133 8.3 10.7Macao, China ... 4 15 39 46 0.2 2.3Malaysia b, c 3209 12965 14383 13190 13856 13.2 6.9Mauritius b ... 1 266 88 85 0.0 3.6Mexico b ... 19221 32145 39770 44183 11.6 15.1Morocco b ... 24 31 45 55 0.3 0.3New Zealand 41 132 146 165 187 1.0 0.6Norway 295 652 921 1035 1283 1.1 0.7Pakistan 2 5 90 76 80 0.1 0.4Philippines b, c 599 1267 942 997 1062 3.2 2.2Russian Federation - 137 420 390 597 0.1 0.1Saudi Arabia c ... 20 78 114 90 0.0 0.0Singapore 6355 8266 | 17968 17709 15579 6.0 4.6 domestic exports 3820 3770 | 7376 6203 4181 4.8 2.4 re-exports 2535 4495 | 10592 11506 11398 7.6 7.0South Africa ... 243 360 490 422 0.8 0.5Switzerland 672 873 | 1203 1103 1129 1.1 0.6Taipei, Chinese 4996 6745 11854 11945 11615 4.5 4.5Thailand 1057 4007 6386 6256 6734 5.8 3.8Tunisia 21 28 202 171 460 0.5 2.4Turkey 238 934 3037 2696 2202 3.4 1.7Uganda ... 0 55 89 73 0.0 3.4Ukraine - 68 205 534 575 0.5 0.9United Arab Emirates c ... 998 6155 6750 6862 2.0 3.0United States 9901 32980 33979 36981 39615 4.2 3.1Viet Nam c ... 81 331 643 796 0.6 1.3

a Or nearest year. b Includes significant exports from processing zones. c Includes Secretariat estimates.

Value

Exports of telecommunication equipment of selected economies, 1990-2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

Share in economy's total merchandise exports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

90

Table II.52

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Algeria 131 298 794 761 1110 3.3 2.8Argentina 123 2092 2436 2855 3057 8.3 5.3Australia b 1383 4862 7658 8474 8947 6.8 4.7Bangladesh c, d 73 129 820 689 883 1.5 3.7Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 162 760 3099 3830 3070 5.2 6.2Brazil e 555 3071 4428 5151 7598 5.5 4.4Canada b 2972 10062 13049 14580 15625 4.2 3.8Chile 303 960 1763 2045 2097 5.2 3.4China f 2539 12413 35534 35738 36893 5.5 3.3Colombia 218 597 2192 2319 2590 5.2 6.5Costa Rica f 35 114 234 289 353 1.8 2.3Croatia ... 210 671 803 887 2.7 2.9Ecuador 32 110 630 599 907 2.9 4.9Egypt 132 350 568 869 1173 2.5 2.4El Salvador f ... 207 304 447 318 4.2 3.3European Union (27) g - 116357 237280 233085 237705 4.5 3.8 extra-EU (27) imports - 42909 89212 109198 109778 4.7 4.8Guatemala f 34 283 | 569 589 583 5.9 4.0Hong Kong, China 6343 20742 43154 48269 51078 9.7 13.00 retained imports ... ... ... ... ... ... ...India 173 711 7522 9898 10572 1.4 3.6Indonesia 490 403 1394 2306 6209 0.9 4.9Iran, Islamic Rep. of d ... 256 1831 1712 2269 1.8 4.0Israel 304 1669 1659 1981 2201 4.4 3.3Japan 2620 13470 17555 21896 24174 3.5 3.2Jordan 39 131 557 832 792 2.9 4.7Kazakhstan - 169 548 811 391 3.4 1.0Kenya 105 95 208 296 415 3.1 3.8Korea, Republic of 1368 5830 7538 8241 9463 3.6 2.2Macao, China 35 68 303 383 414 3.0 7.7Malaysia f 1246 3442 4556 4913 5655 4.2 3.6Mexico b, f ... 9398 18891 21578 25463 5.4 8.3Morocco f 127 727 673 916 990 6.3 2.4New Zealand 440 808 1072 1260 1323 5.8 3.9Norway 576 1425 2619 3168 3420 4.1 3.8Pakistan 183 158 2124 1793 1718 1.5 4.1Paraguay 293 107 576 629 1020 4.9 10.0Peru d 51 367 857 964 1410 5.0 4.7Philippines d 686 1949 1329 1235 1298 5.3 2.2Russian Federation d - 1493 8701 12536 14006 3.3 4.8Saudi Arabia d 578 811 3275 3822 4012 2.7 3.5Singapore 4551 6870 | 16209 15845 14508 5.1 4.5 retained imports 2016 2374 | 5617 4339 3109 3.1 2.0South Africa b ... 1859 3784 3818 3913 6.9 4.5Sri Lanka d 30 155 317 357 363 2.2 2.6Switzerland 1597 2512 3619 4172 4625 3.0 2.5Taipei, Chinese 1744 4597 4509 4442 4392 3.3 1.8Thailand 994 1868 4346 3754 4465 3.0 2.5Turkey 403 2993 3391 4263 4046 5.5 2.0Ukraine - 188 1044 891 945 1.3 1.1United Arab Emirates d ... 2626 9421 8723 10513 7.5 6.3United States 22727 71769 117054 124748 128920 5.7 5.9Viet Nam d ... 331 1355 2169 2591 2.1 3.2

a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Figures refer to fiscal year. d Includes Secretariat estimates. e Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. f Includes significant imports into processing zones. g See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports.

Value

Imports of telecommunication equipment of selected economies , 1990-2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

Share in economy's total merchandise imports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

91

4.3.3. Integrated circuits and electronic components

Table II.53

Value Share Value Share

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 80138 100.0 1 1 11 World 26306 100.0 -8 -3 -3Europe 39621 49.4 1 0 4 Asia 20846 79.2 -8 -3 -4Asia 34674 43.3 6 5 25 Europe 3319 12.6 -2 12 1North America 5226 6.5 -7 -11 -3 North America 1722 6.5 -10 -14 -6Africa 402 0.5 5 3 -13 South and Central America 238 0.9 0 -17 8South and Central America 90 0.1 -15 58 -45 Africa 93 0.4 -6 -6 -4Middle East 68 0.1 -5 -10 -44 Middle East 78 0.3 -21 -64 -45CIS 50 0.1 4 -9 25 CIS 11 0.0 -3 0 0

Economy Economy European Union (27) 38671 48.3 1 1 3 Taipei, Chinese 4576 17.4 -2 2 1China 11816 14.7 45 37 99 Japan 3634 13.8 -11 3 -1Japan 5544 6.9 0 7 12 European Union (27) 3131 11.9 -2 13 -1United States 4867 6.1 -7 -10 -4 Malaysia 2968 11.3 -9 -10 2Taipei, Chinese 4055 5.1 8 18 7 Korea, Republic of 2648 10.1 -12 -16 5

Above 5 64953 81.1 - - - Above 5 16958 64.5 - - -Malaysia 3221 4.0 0 -8 3 China 2197 8.4 14 7 -8Singapore 3122 3.9 -2 -13 -11 Philippines 1989 7.6 -12 -12 -8Korea, Republic of 2696 3.4 -1 -3 -1 Singapore 1381 5.3 -11 -10 -21Philippines 2329 2.9 6 -5 5 Thailand 1107 4.2 -3 34 -12Thailand 738 0.9 4 -4 8 Mexico 872 3.3 -9 -16 -4India 550 0.7 43 31 199 Canada 850 3.2 -11 -12 -8Switzerland 419 0.5 5 -45 2 Costa Rica 214 0.8 1 -18 5Norway 404 0.5 35 13 115 Indonesia 186 0.7 -5 22 -11Hong Kong, China 385 0.5 -11 -19 6 Switzerland 182 0.7 2 1 72Canada 239 0.3 -13 -18 57 Morocco 91 0.3 -6 -7 -3South Africa 178 0.2 50 36 31 Hong Kong, China 84 0.3 -28 -37 -2Morocco 162 0.2 -5 5 -36 Israel 77 0.3 -21 -64 -46Mexico 120 0.2 -2 -26 -14 India 42 0.2 6 -8 -24Croatia 106 0.1 70 26 -9 Australia 15 0.1 6 17 32Indonesia 104 0.1 1 19 -4 New Zealand 11 0.0 6 6 -30

Above 20 79725 99.5 - - - Above 20 26258 99.8 - - -

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

Imports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies by origin, 2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

European Union (27) United States

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

92

Table II.53 (continued)

Value Share Value Share

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 148125 100.0 28 19 2 World 23942 100.0 2 -2 -1Asia 130834 88.3 29 20 1 Asia 18169 76.3 5 1 -2North America 9133 6.2 25 8 9 North America 4171 17.5 -4 -11 -5Europe 5287 3.6 11 16 8 Europe 1146 4.8 2 -13 19South and Central America 2245 1.5 102 31 -1 South and Central America 224 0.9 10 1 7Middle East 299 0.2 78 50 -14 Middle East 81 0.3 13 67 710Africa 282 0.2 31 12 -13 Africa 9 0.0 -4 -23 -10CIS 45 0.0 21 -22 41 CIS 2 0.0 ... -33 0

Economy Economy Taipei, Chinese 32677 22.1 31 18 2 Taipei, Chinese 6467 27.0 9 -8 1Korea, Republic of 24652 16.6 30 16 5 Korea, Republic of 4495 18.8 6 22 -7China 18185 12.3 56 24 28 United States 4009 16.7 -4 -10 -4Japan 18170 12.3 17 21 -2 China 2500 10.4 20 0 14Malaysia 14496 9.8 33 16 1 Singapore 1381 5.8 0 1 8

Above 5 108180 73.0 - - - Above 5 18852 79.2 - - -Philippines 12619 8.5 44 37 -21 Malaysia 1355 5.7 -5 -12 -5United States 7772 5.2 24 7 8 Philippines 1174 4.9 -4 2 -23European Union (27) 5162 3.5 11 16 9 European Union (27) 1138 4.8 2 -13 20Singapore 3979 2.7 23 -12 -4 Thailand 609 2.5 5 -4 -3Thailand 3346 2.3 26 23 4 Costa Rica 222 0.9 10 1 7Costa Rica 2227 1.5 104 32 -2 Indonesia 219 0.9 0 -2 2Hong Kong, China 2133 1.4 7 66 -11 Canada 134 0.6 6 -19 -27Canada 760 0.5 38 5 50 Israel 79 0.3 13 59 733Mexico 601 0.4 32 39 -7 Hong Kong, China 39 0.2 -22 -20 -28Indonesia 424 0.3 31 35 2 Viet Nam 31 0.1 60 3 -19Israel 292 0.2 82 51 -16 Mexico 28 0.1 -23 -20 0Morocco 279 0.2 31 14 -13 Morocco 9 0.0 -3 -12 -9Switzerland 91 0.1 29 4 -24 Switzerland 9 0.0 3 15 -16Australia 70 0.0 44 246 -1 India 3 0.0 -4 0 -25India 49 0.0 49 18 23 Bangladesh 3 0.0 5 -12 7

Above 20 147985 99.9 - - - Above 20 23904 99.8 - - -

a In 2008, China reported imports from China accounting for 12 per cent of its integrated circuits and electronic components imports. For further information, see the Metadata.

Imports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies by origin, 2008

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

(Million dollars and percentage)

China a Japan

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

93

Table II.54

2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

Exporters Singapore 72.6 11.2 17.4 10 26 4 3

domestic exports 30.6 5.0 7.4 9 41 6 6 re-exports 41.9 6.2 10.1 10 17 2 1

European Union (27) 65.5 19.1 15.7 1 1 3 1 extra-EU (27) exports 26.9 7.2 6.4 2 4 5 -1

United States 50.7 20.4 12.2 -3 10 -5 0Hong Kong, China 50.6 - - 17 24 24 8

domestic exports 0.5 0.8 0.1 -19 -47 -46 8 re-exports 50.1 - - 20 28 25 8

Taipei, Chinese 47.4 7.1 11.4 10 49 6 0Japan 44.6 13.8 10.7 1 5 7 0China a 43.6 1.7 10.5 30 43 22 22Korea, Republic of 28.2 8.0 6.8 2 4 15 -14Malaysia a, b 27.1 6.1 6.5 5 7 10 -4Philippines a, b 15.6 5.4 3.7 -1 12 4 -10Thailand 8.2 1.9 2.0 4 27 11 -11Canada 2.9 1.1 0.7 -2 -17 7 27Mexico a 1.8 1.0 0.4 -6 -3 -17 1Switzerland 1.3 0.2 0.3 8 0 22 24Costa Rica 1.1 0.0 0.3 46 51 9 -20

Above 15 410.9 97.7 98.6 - - - -Importers

China a, c 148.1 6.4 30.0 28 28 19 2European Union (27) 80.1 22.9 16.2 1 1 1 11

extra-EU (27) imports 41.5 11.9 8.4 1 4 1 20Hong Kong, China 61.8 - - 15 19 22 2

retained imports 11.7 2.7 2.4 4 -1 14 -19Singapore 52.1 9.3 10.6 7 19 4 1

retained imports 10.2 3.5 2.1 -2 27 14 -3Malaysia a 30.4 7.5 6.2 3 12 4 -7Taipei, Chinese 30.0 7.2 6.1 3 12 -3 -3Korea, Republic of 29.8 6.2 6.0 5 4 15 5United States 26.3 15.1 5.3 -8 5 -3 -3Japan 23.8 6.0 4.8 2 16 -2 -1Philippines b 14.1 3.3 2.9 4 9 0 -22Mexico a, d 10.7 4.3 2.2 -3 3 -7 -3Thailand 10.4 2.5 2.1 3 6 9 -6Brazil 4.4 0.8 0.9 7 16 -4 18Canada d 4.2 2.5 0.8 -8 -4 -6 5Indonesia 2.0 0.0 0.4 48 7 8 919

Above 15 478.1 96.8 96.9 - - - -

b Includes Secretariat estimates.

d Imports are valued f.o.b.

Leading exporters and importers of integrated circuits and electronic components, 2008

a Includes significant shipments through processing zones.

c In 2008, China reported imports of integrated circuits and electronic components from China amounting to 18.2 billion dollars. For further information, see the Metadata.

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Share in world exports/imports Value Annual percentage change

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

94

Table II.55

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

World ... 308451 390843 412705 416936 4.9 2.7Australia 20 132 236 283 275 0.2 0.1Belarus - 33 37 47 54 0.4 0.2Brazil 79 231 160 47 118 0.4 0.1Canada 1271 3459 2165 2306 2918 1.3 0.6China b 128 5352 29209 35671 43573 2.1 3.1Costa Rica b ... 51 1226 1342 1072 0.9 11.1Croatia ... 3 74 117 157 0.1 1.1European Union (27) - 58793 63003 64650 65548 2.4 1.1 intra-EU (27) exports - 36440 37136 37541 38671 2.2 1.0 extra-EU (27) exports - 22353 25867 27109 26877 2.8 1.4Hong Kong, China 2562 14046 37881 46969 50579 6.9 13.7 domestic exports 550 2520 809 440 476 10.7 2.8 re-exports 2012 11525 37072 46348 50103 6.4 14.2India 39 72 226 310 600 0.2 0.3Indonesia 18 739 704 791 828 1.1 0.6Israel 143 1782 1509 1525 1056 5.7 1.7Japan 13391 42454 41725 44619 44608 8.9 5.7Korea, Republic of 5364 24688 28486 32736 28189 14.3 6.7Malaysia b, c 4321 18729 25509 28091 27060 19.1 13.6Mexico b ... 3064 2158 1801 1825 1.8 0.6Morocco b 110 480 732 726 626 6.5 3.1New Zealand 1 17 73 100 85 0.1 0.3Norway 11 30 206 277 553 0.1 0.3Philippines b, c 1053 16663 16743 17355 15573 41.9 31.8Russian Federation - 97 152 178 218 0.1 0.0Singapore 3675 34436 | 67861 70320 72557 25.0 21.5 domestic exports 2844 15433 | 27418 28987 30646 19.6 17.4 re-exports 830 19003 | 40442 41333 41912 32.2 25.8South Africa ... 25 134 136 199 0.1 0.2Switzerland 231 677 | 829 1009 1251 0.8 0.6Taipei, Chinese 2435 21767 44681 47415 47379 14.7 18.5Thailand 901 5877 8311 9238 8210 8.5 4.6Tunisia 0 19 74 65 69 0.3 0.4Turkey 1 11 40 38 46 0.0 0.0Ukraine - 10 29 26 51 0.1 0.1United Arab Emirates c ... 21 382 345 378 0.0 0.2United States 13991 62824 53091 50413 50658 8.0 3.9Viet Nam c ... 85 202 230 285 0.6 0.5

a Or nearest year. b Includes significant exports from processing zones. c Includes Secretariat estimates.

Value

Exports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies, 1990-2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

Share in economy's total merchandise exports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

95

Table II.56

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Algeria 27 34 89 46 46 0.4 0.1Argentina 62 194 308 320 274 0.8 0.5Australia b 263 867 832 881 915 1.2 0.5Belarus - 45 79 85 87 0.5 0.2Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 14 41 72 117 152 0.3 0.3Brazil c 490 2568 3894 3741 4405 4.6 2.5Canada b 2333 8314 4247 4002 4189 3.5 1.0Chile 9 67 142 75 60 0.4 0.1China d 747 21156 121722 145264 148125 9.4 13.1Colombia 24 31 77 105 107 0.3 0.3Costa Rica d 10 688 1869 1294 1537 10.8 10.0Croatia ... 17 83 125 176 0.2 0.6Egypt 16 36 27 79 86 0.3 0.2European Union (27) e - 75316 71183 72148 80138 2.9 1.3 extra-EU (27) imports - 39219 34099 34607 41467 4.3 1.8Hong Kong, China 3705 20286 49746 60813 61768 9 16 retained imports ... ... ... ... ... ... ...India 251 523 1120 1286 1575 1.0 0.5Indonesia 156 87 184 199 2024 0.2 1.6Iran, Islamic Rep. of f ... 120 270 179 217 0.9 0.4Israel 198 1508 1142 1022 1136 4.0 1.7Japan 3319 19846 24693 24130 23804 5.2 3.1Korea, Republic of 4560 20470 24713 28415 29781 12.8 6.8Malaysia d 3812 24513 31299 32480 30357 29.9 19.3Mexico b, d ... 13961 11946 11082 10737 8.0 3.5Morocco d 109 291 376 550 448 2.5 1.1New Zealand 20 75 114 133 112 0.5 0.3Norway 110 216 257 286 351 0.6 0.4Pakistan 6 9 86 52 69 0.1 0.2Philippines f 1021 10678 18079 18080 14127 28.8 23.4Russian Federation f - 161 674 590 555 0.4 0.2Saudi Arabia f 8 51 124 204 281 0.2 0.2Singapore 4489 30556 | 49646 51795 52094 22.7 16.3 retained imports 3659 11553 | 9203 10462 10183 15.3 6.5South Africa b ... 301 381 423 437 1.1 0.5Switzerland 377 965 891 1037 1123 1.2 0.6Taipei, Chinese 4119 23740 31918 30999 30018 17.0 12.5Thailand 1313 8366 10130 11061 10350 13.5 5.8Tunisia 27 35 121 147 235 0.4 1.0Turkey 361 937 1432 1201 947 1.7 0.5Ukraine - 36 160 239 247 0.3 0.3United Arab Emirates f ... 100 300 258 330 0.3 0.2United States 13139 49581 28128 27203 26306 3.9 1.2Viet Nam f ... 490 637 976 1166 3.1 1.5

a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. d Includes significant imports into processing zones. e See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports. f Includes Secretariat estimates.

Value

Imports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies, 1990-2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

Share in economy's total merchandise imports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

96

4.4. Automotive products

Table II.57

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

World 1233.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 10 18 3Europe

World 676.9 100.0 100.0 50.3 54.9 11 20 2Europe 517.4 80.0 76.4 40.2 41.9 11 21 -1North America 50.1 10.3 7.4 5.2 4.1 7 2 -7Asia 34.7 4.3 5.1 2.2 2.8 14 24 11Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 32.4 0.7 4.8 0.3 2.6 42 61 40Africa 16.6 1.9 2.4 0.9 1.3 15 13 13Middle East 15.6 1.5 2.3 0.8 1.3 17 19 46South and Central America 8.5 1.3 1.3 0.6 0.7 11 31 19

AsiaWorld 289.9 100.0 100.0 19.8 23.5 12 18 9North America 82.7 49.5 28.5 9.8 6.7 5 2 -6Asia 69.1 19.1 23.8 3.8 5.6 15 21 19Europe 47.0 18.5 16.2 3.7 3.8 10 16 -3Middle East 32.9 6.0 11.3 1.2 2.7 22 40 33Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 25.8 0.4 8.9 0.1 2.1 68 78 42South and Central America 15.9 3.9 5.5 0.8 1.3 17 45 16Africa 15.8 2.5 5.5 0.5 1.3 24 31 22

JapanWorld 171.1 100.0 100.0 15.3 13.9 9 14 8North America 59.4 54.5 34.7 8.3 4.8 3 1 -8Asia 35.6 17.1 20.8 2.6 2.9 11 19 18Europe 27.4 17.4 16.0 2.6 2.2 8 19 0Middle East 19.0 5.1 11.1 0.8 1.5 20 42 40Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 14.6 0.2 8.5 0.0 1.2 71 53 57Africa 7.4 2.1 4.3 0.3 0.6 19 25 20South and Central America 7.3 3.5 4.2 0.5 0.6 11 30 10

Other economies in AsiaWorld 118.8 100.0 100.0 4.6 9.6 21 25 12Asia 33.5 25.8 28.2 1.2 2.7 22 22 19North America 23.3 32.9 19.6 1.5 1.9 13 6 2Europe 19.6 22.4 16.5 1.0 1.6 16 12 -6Middle East 13.9 8.7 11.7 0.4 1.1 25 37 25Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 11.2 0.8 9.4 0.0 0.9 65 114 26South and Central America 8.7 5.4 7.3 0.2 0.7 25 63 22Africa 8.4 3.7 7.1 0.2 0.7 31 37 25

North AmericaWorld 209.4 100.0 100.0 27.5 17.0 4 8 -5North America 151.2 88.6 72.2 24.3 12.3 1 2 -12Europe 23.3 4.9 11.1 1.3 1.9 15 33 12Asia 9.7 3.6 4.7 1.0 0.8 7 21 5Middle East 9.7 0.9 4.6 0.3 0.8 26 19 54South and Central America 9.1 1.7 4.4 0.5 0.7 16 33 13Africa 3.6 0.3 1.7 0.1 0.3 31 64 33Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 2.5 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.2 56 78 41

Annual percentage change

Exports of automotive products of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Value Share in region's exports Share in world exports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

97

Table II.58

Value Share Value Share

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 62638 100.0 4 6 -9 World 199229 100.0 2 0 -10North America 48823 77.9 2 6 -11 North America 84187 42.3 0 0 -16Asia 8924 14.2 10 7 0 Asia 71958 36.1 4 0 -4Europe 4605 7.4 13 6 13 Europe 39947 20.1 4 1 -9South and Central America 268 0.4 11 16 -20 Africa 1966 1.0 37 8 249Africa 11 0.0 0 -22 57 South and Central America 1085 0.5 2 -33 -19Middle East 5 0.0 12 -20 25 Middle East 78 0.0 13 5 20CIS 2 0.0 ... ... 100 CIS 8 0.0 13 150 60

Economy Economy United States 44283 70.7 2 5 -13 Japan 53165 26.7 2 -1 -6Japan 6079 9.7 7 7 -2 Canada 49054 24.6 -2 -1 -22European Union (27) 4586 7.3 13 6 13 European Union (27) 39712 19.9 4 1 -9Mexico 4195 6.7 6 12 3 Mexico 35133 17.6 3 3 -5Korea, Republic of 1606 2.6 15 6 3 Korea, Republic of 10159 5.1 8 -2 -8

Above 5 60749 97.0 - - - Above 5 187224 94.0 - - -China 845 1.3 39 6 5 China 4749 2.4 29 31 2Canada 336 0.5 ... 12 -3 South Africa 1961 1.0 38 9 251Brazil 250 0.4 11 22 -19 Taipei, Chinese 1735 0.9 8 9 1Taipei, Chinese 164 0.3 10 5 10 Australia 980 0.5 10 -63 628Australia 89 0.1 26 64 145 Brazil 865 0.4 3 -36 -15India 29 0.0 19 25 -17 India 480 0.2 18 18 6Thailand 24 0.0 31 28 -12 Thailand 289 0.1 17 18 0Malaysia 15 0.0 26 77 29 Switzerland 113 0.1 -1 16 -21South Africa 11 0.0 0 -33 83 Philippines 105 0.1 9 5 2Viet Nam 10 0.0 200 63 -3 Turkey 101 0.1 17 -11 19Switzerland 9 0.0 -8 -11 -2 Indonesia 81 0.0 5 -10 -37Turkey 7 0.0 22 1 -10 Israel 71 0.0 13 9 22Argentina 6 0.0 18 12 -19 Argentina 70 0.0 8 -16 -27Honduras 6 0.0 9 -1 31 Malaysia 67 0.0 16 1 11Israel 5 0.0 9 -27 66 Viet Nam 61 0.0 121 57 60Indonesia 5 0.0 21 -14 7 Honduras 43 0.0 17 60 8Philippines 3 0.0 31 -68 216 Hong Kong, China 43 0.0 2 -31 -9Norway 3 0.0 9 60 -17 Singapore 38 0.0 -7 -2 -43Chile 2 0.0 30 -4 20 Dominican Republic 33 0.0 18 -18 1Hong Kong, China 2 0.0 2 -2 -28 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 30 0.0 -22 -55 -58Sri Lanka 2 0.0 154 67 -18 Norway 21 0.0 -6 -44 -30Singapore 2 0.0 -18 -26 -52 Costa Rica 17 0.0 25 9 -26Costa Rica 1 0.0 42 170 9 Chile 15 0.0 12 195 -51Dominican Republic 1 0.0 119 1 -1 Russian Federation 8 0.0 30 100 100Georgia 1 0.0 63 1046 228 United Arab Emirates 7 0.0 22 -30 16Belize 1 0.0 44 -61 2257 Colombia 6 0.0 15 16 -12United Arab Emirates 0 0.0 ... 50 -33 New Zealand 3 0.0 -31 -12 -34Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 0 0.0 -18 -44 -96 Pakistan 2 0.0 7 113 -71Egypt 0 0.0 64 -13 225 Egypt 2 0.0 57 -32 106Peru 0 0.0 64 97 176 Suriname 1 0.0 66 124 21

Above 35 62577 99.9 - - - Above 35 199219 100.0 - - -

Imports of automotive products of selected economies by origin, 2008

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

(Million dollars and percentage)

Canada a United States

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

98

Table II.58 (continued)

Value Share Value Share

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 31760 100.0 5 6 1 World 546346 100.0 11 20 -1North America 19230 60.5 2 5 -4 Europe 484997 88.8 11 21 -1Asia 5047 15.9 20 17 7 Asia 39159 7.2 8 13 -5Europe 4940 15.6 10 10 20 North America 16716 3.1 12 27 5South and Central America 2519 7.9 12 -7 -8 South and Central America 2689 0.5 14 7 33Africa 12 0.0 ... 14 -25 Africa 2219 0.4 13 8 20Middle East 3 0.0 ... -40 0 CIS 305 0.1 8 5 4CIS 0 0.0 ... 0 -100 Middle East 162 0.0 10 61 -35

Economy Economy United States 17417 54.8 2 6 -4 European Union (27) 468178 85.7 10 21 -2European Union (27) 4869 15.3 10 11 20 Japan 23791 4.4 5 10 0Japan 3079 9.7 14 12 -3 Turkey 14270 2.6 36 32 11Canada 1730 5.4 7 -6 -2 United States 12301 2.3 11 22 0Brazil 1629 5.1 9 -20 -9 Korea, Republic of 7538 1.4 9 7 -29

Above 5 28724 90.4 - - - Above 5 526078 96.3 - - -Korea, Republic of 719 2.3 34 16 26 Mexico 3993 0.7 22 57 26China 692 2.2 81 56 35 China 3116 0.6 43 58 28Argentina 484 1.5 34 -1 -10 Brazil 2081 0.4 13 3 28Chile 196 0.6 6 594 52 India 1816 0.3 31 38 50Taipei, Chinese 175 0.6 19 27 25 South Africa 1725 0.3 13 -1 28India 169 0.5 52 15 -2 Thailand 1439 0.3 9 30 -17Colombia 104 0.3 76 -32 6375 Switzerland 1407 0.3 10 25 -1Thailand 77 0.2 73 31 152 Taipei, Chinese 823 0.2 17 28 8Turkey 58 0.2 33 -39 56 Norway 773 0.1 7 19 -7Indonesia 44 0.1 76 567 153 Argentina 577 0.1 17 19 58Peru 39 0.1 183 -14 120975 Canada 423 0.1 5 8 -18Australia 32 0.1 21 -13 482 Tunisia 298 0.1 18 29 3Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 14 0.0 32 164 -93 Croatia 171 0.0 27 42 13Switzerland 14 0.0 -4 -16 -33 Russian Federation 158 0.0 4 1 -11South Africa 11 0.0 ... 7 -27 Morocco 132 0.0 22 103 -12Philippines 7 0.0 34 18 -21 Australia 128 0.0 6 -26 -5Uruguay 7 0.0 ... -11 1483 Indonesia 126 0.0 29 3 18Hong Kong, China 3 0.0 37 182 -45 Malaysia 125 0.0 6 33 -12Israel 3 0.0 66 -43 31 Philippines 110 0.0 22 108 12Malaysia 3 0.0 2 -42 -59 Belarus 83 0.0 15 3 14Honduras 3 0.0 ... -14 -34 Bosnia and Herzegovina 71 0.0 33 21 27Singapore 2 0.0 14 48 -35 Israel 63 0.0 12 15 -1Costa Rica 2 0.0 41 143 -86 Ukraine 56 0.0 19 34 48Viet Nam 1 0.0 ... 335 33 Serbia 51 0.0 ... 49 36Korea, Dem. People's Rep. of 1 0.0 3 511 -51 Egypt 50 0.0 54 36 6Norway 1 0.0 20 35 -2 Hong Kong, China 45 0.0 19 70 16Ecuador 1 0.0 121 2054 2005 United Arab Emirates 42 0.0 13 45 -3Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 0.0 ... ... ... Iceland 40 0.0 39 73 61Paraguay 0 0.0 ... ... ... Singapore 38 0.0 14 39 -32Aruba 0 0.0 56 -5 1247 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 27 0.0 29 256 -21New Zealand 0 0.0 90 -28 -11 Viet Nam 23 0.0 44 210 2Sri Lanka 0 0.0 40 149 -11 Sri Lanka 18 0.0 30 73 40Pakistan 0 0.0 37 21 -55 New Zealand 13 0.0 8 29 -23Haiti 0 0.0 39 -28 168 Saudi Arabia 12 0.0 -2 105 -84Dominican Republic 0 0.0 ... 8 0 Gibraltar 11 0.0 1 9 -76

Above 40 31588 99.5 - - - Above 40 546141 100.0 - - -

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

Imports of automotive products of selected economies by origin, 2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

Mexico a European Union (27)

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

99

Table II.59

2008 1980 1990 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

Exporters European Union (27) 655.4 - - 49.8 53.1 11 9 20 2

extra-EU (27) exports 187.2 - - 12.3 15.2 13 11 17 11Japan 171.0 19.8 20.8 15.3 13.9 9 13 14 8United States 111.5 11.9 10.2 11.6 9.0 7 11 14 2Canada 51.7 6.9 8.9 10.5 4.2 -2 -1 -1 -22Korea, Republic of 48.8 0.1 0.7 2.6 4.0 16 14 15 -1Mexico a 46.1 0.3 1.4 5.3 3.7 5 20 6 2China a 28.7 0.0 0.1 0.3 2.3 44 45 60 24Turkey 17.9 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.4 36 25 33 15Thailand 16.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.3 27 24 28 28United Arab Emirates b 15.3 ... 0.0 0.2 1.2 38 126 75 -13Brazil 14.7 1.1 0.6 0.8 1.2 15 9 1 12South Africa 7.7 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.6 21 14 8 44Argentina 6.7 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.5 15 37 31 21India 4.9 ... 0.1 0.1 0.4 30 15 16 40Australia 4.4 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 9 -7 13 18

Above 15 1201.0 - - 98.2 97.4 - - - -Importers

European Union (27) 546.3 - - 41.3 43.8 11 10 20 -1 extra-EU (27) imports 78.2 - - 5.4 6.3 12 18 19 1

United States 199.2 20.3 24.7 28.7 16.0 2 7 0 -10Canada c 62.6 8.7 7.7 7.8 5.0 4 10 6 -9Russian Federation b 47.4 - - 0.4 3.8 45 64 65 44Mexico a, c 30.6 1.8 0.3 3.4 2.5 5 13 6 2China a 29.1 0.6 0.6 0.6 2.3 29 37 29 21Australia c 21.7 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.7 12 3 25 11Japan 15.9 0.5 2.3 1.7 1.3 6 5 11 3Saudi Arabia b 15.9 2.7 0.9 0.6 1.3 19 6 15 32Turkey 15.2 ... 0.4 1.0 1.2 13 8 14 3Brazil 13.2 0.3 0.2 0.7 1.1 16 27 39 58United Arab Emirates b 12.6 0.4 0.3 0.4 1.0 23 20 11 45Switzerland 11.5 1.8 1.9 1.0 0.9 8 4 15 16Ukraine 11.4 - - 0.1 0.9 50 61 60 43South Africa b, c 11.3 ... ... 0.4 0.9 21 15 15 -8

Above 15 1043.7 - - 89.5 83.7 - - - -

a Includes significant shipments through processing zones. b Includes Secretariat estimates. c Imports are valued f.o.b.

Leading exporters and importers of automotive products, 2008

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Share in world exports/imports Value Annual percentage change

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

100

Table II.60

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

World 318959 | 577153 1022506 1202669 1233545 9.2 7.8Argentina 200 2108 4178 5479 6654 8.0 9.4Australia 726 2151 3267 3697 4366 3.4 2.3Belarus - 740 1466 2003 2192 10.1 6.7Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 73 223 456 293 79 0.7 0.1Brazil 2034 4683 13038 13134 14750 8.5 7.5Canada 28442 60656 66339 65831 51666 21.9 11.3Chile 18 203 184 346 326 1.1 0.5China b 258 1581 14410 23028 28666 0.6 2.0Colombia 6 226 744 1130 533 1.7 1.4Côte d'Ivoire ... 11 174 185 37 0.3 0.4Croatia ... 45 146 209 248 1.0 1.8Ecuador 1 60 345 243 404 1.2 2.2European Union (27) - 287180 538388 644882 655386 11.7 11.1 intra-EU (27) exports - 216416 394352 475693 468178 13.0 11.8 extra-EU (27) exports - 70764 144036 169189 187208 9.0 9.7Hong Kong, China 354 764 1290 1459 1760 0.4 0.5 domestic exports 27 23 14 24 15 0.1 0.1 re-exports 328 741 1276 1435 1745 0.4 0.5India 198 581 3003 3471 4869 1.4 2.7Indonesia 22 369 1590 2150 2783 0.6 2.0Iran, Islamic Rep. of c ... 61 229 687 803 0.2 0.7Israel 31 31 125 319 152 0.1 0.2Japan 66195 88082 139161 158762 171012 18.4 21.9Jordan 19 62 114 142 260 3.3 3.3Korea, Republic of 2301 15194 43059 49484 48842 8.8 11.6Malaysia b 121 307 920 1122 1154 0.3 0.6Mexico b 4383 30655 42630 45256 46139 18.4 15.8Morocco b 28 24 115 166 206 0.3 1.0Norway 305 459 762 907 983 0.8 0.6Philippines b 23 583 1543 1782 2196 1.5 4.5Qatar 32 32 121 197 431 0.3 0.7Russian Federation - 959 2917 3638 3863 0.9 0.8Saudi Arabia c 229 59 1032 1288 291 0.1 0.1Singapore 348 678 | 2396 2864 3399 0.5 1.0 domestic exports c 82 90 | 28 47 56 0.1 0.0 re-exports c 266 588 | 2368 2817 3343 1.0 2.1South Africa 249 1708 4970 5369 7737 5.7 9.6Switzerland 591 772 | 1623 2001 2017 1.0 1.0Taipei, Chinese 829 2221 3885 4138 4195 1.5 1.6Thailand 108 2417 9891 12669 16227 3.5 9.1Tunisia 30 63 335 352 350 1.1 1.8Turkey 153 1517 11689 15582 17873 5.5 13.5Ukraine - 145 548 933 1134 1.0 1.7United Arab Emirates c 1 1144 10006 17477 15272 2.3 6.6United States 32547 67195 95264 109050 111529 8.6 8.7Viet Nam c ... 8 303 424 578 0.1 0.9

a Or nearest year. b Includes significant exports from processing zones. c Includes Secretariat estimates.

Value

Exports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

Share in economy's total merchandise exports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

101

Table II.61

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Algeria 658 615 2315 3453 4664 6.7 11.8Argentina 183 2805 5511 7160 9560 11.2 16.7Australia b 3794 8550 15690 19563 21675 12.0 11.3Bahrain c 152 214 623 896 975 4.6 7.8Bangladesh c, d 77 191 287 331 424 2.2 1.8Belarus - 297 911 1339 2082 3.4 5.3Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 426 1451 4666 7238 2884 9.9 5.8Brazil e 532 4154 6007 8345 13189 7.4 7.6Canada b 24640 46276 64496 68462 62638 19.3 15.3Chile 579 1507 3354 4122 5057 8.1 8.2China f 1796 3798 18580 24029 29051 1.7 2.6Colombia 416 590 2879 3868 3515 5.1 8.9Croatia ... 831 1877 2279 2508 10.5 8.2Ecuador 157 184 1347 1302 1782 4.9 9.5Egypt 416 514 924 1089 2665 3.7 5.5Ethiopia c 114 141 701 593 530 11.2 6.9European Union (27) g - 245244 459006 552888 546346 9.5 8.7 extra-EU (27) imports - 32091 64986 77195 78168 3.5 3.4Ghana ... 331 780 1104 1256 11.1 12.2Guatemala f 117 481 | 874 925 855 10.0 5.9Hong Kong, China 994 2195 2394 2796 3406 1.0 0.9 retained imports 666 1455 1118 1361 1661 4.2 3.5India 260 431 1457 2190 3586 0.8 1.2Indonesia 1523 1870 2481 2597 6000 4.3 4.8Iran, Islamic Rep. of c ... 770 3036 4329 6158 5.5 10.7Israel 871 2298 2563 3339 4018 6.1 5.9Japan 7327 9957 13892 15354 15855 2.6 2.1Jordan 108 519 1001 977 1173 11.3 6.9Kazakhstan - 435 2537 4230 2361 8.6 6.2Kenya 255 156 575 726 798 5.0 7.2Korea, Republic of 929 1773 5210 6684 7250 1.1 1.7Kuwait 453 1141 2576 3200 3934 15.9 15.8Lebanon b, c ... 535 944 2015 2260 8.6 13.5Malaysia f 1312 1833 3221 3223 4002 2.2 2.6Mexico b, f 933 20003 28386 30094 30551 11.5 9.9Morocco f 317 471 1415 2102 2849 4.1 6.8New Zealand 1012 1480 2787 3431 3156 10.6 9.2Norway 1419 2597 5951 7413 7577 7.6 8.5Oman 429 1109 2723 3781 5669 21.6 24.7Pakistan 390 324 1544 1214 1026 3.0 2.4Panama 111 332 516 773 870 9.8 9.6Peru c 176 510 937 1432 2095 6.9 7.0Philippines 537 974 1142 1461 1729 2.6 2.9Qatar 202 409 1027 2616 3281 12.6 12.2Russian Federation c - 2381 20012 32934 47368 5.3 16.2Saudi Arabia c 2839 3815 10437 12024 15854 12.6 13.8Singapore 1418 2417 | 3698 4025 4978 1.8 1.6 retained imports c 1152 1829 | 1330 1207 1943 2.4 1.2South Africa b, c ... 2401 10616 12245 11280 9.0 12.9Sudan ... 155 1189 993 906 10.0 9.9Switzerland 6048 6222 8664 9969 11521 7.5 6.3Syrian Arab Republic c 75 184 | 1018 1001 1265 4.8 6.9Taipei, Chinese 2565 2676 3058 2904 2450 1.9 1.0Thailand 2651 2084 4231 4793 5965 3.4 3.3Tunisia 306 595 1015 1243 1478 6.9 6.0Turkey 1177 5831 12917 14684 15155 10.7 7.5Ukraine - 446 4996 8006 11443 3.2 13.4United Arab Emirates c 964 2384 7825 8688 12576 6.8 7.6United States 79320 170195 220221 220770 199229 13.5 9.2Viet Nam ... 294 837 1578 ... 1.9 2.5

a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Includes Secretariat estimates. d Figures refer to fiscal year. e Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b. f Includes significant imports into processing zones. g See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports.

Value

Imports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

Share in economy's total merchandise imports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

102

4.5. Textiles

Table II.62

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

World 250.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 6 9 4Asia

World 123.9 100.0 100.0 43.9 49.5 8 8 9Asia 54.7 57.0 44.1 25.0 21.9 4 3 6Europe 22.3 14.2 18.0 6.2 8.9 11 16 5North America 17.7 13.2 14.3 5.8 7.1 9 0 2Africa 8.8 4.0 7.1 1.8 3.5 16 19 20Middle East 8.7 6.3 7.0 2.8 3.5 9 9 18South and Central America 6.6 4.5 5.3 2.0 2.6 10 28 14Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 5.0 0.8 4.0 0.3 2.0 32 35 54

ChinaWorld 65.3 100.0 100.0 10.3 26.1 19 15 17Asia 24.0 54.8 36.8 5.6 9.6 13 11 12Europe 12.1 15.6 18.5 1.6 4.8 22 21 15North America 10.5 15.0 16.1 1.5 4.2 20 6 6Africa 6.1 5.3 9.3 0.5 2.4 28 21 27Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 4.4 1.3 6.8 0.1 1.8 47 36 59Middle East 4.2 4.1 6.4 0.4 1.7 26 12 20South and Central America 4.0 3.9 6.1 0.4 1.6 26 37 26

Other economies in AsiaWorld 58.7 100.0 100.0 33.6 23.4 1 2 1Asia 30.7 57.6 52.3 19.4 12.3 0 -1 2Europe 10.2 13.7 17.4 4.6 4.1 4 11 -4North America 7.2 12.6 12.3 4.2 2.9 1 -6 -4Middle East 4.5 7.0 7.6 2.4 1.8 2 6 16Africa 2.8 3.6 4.7 1.2 1.1 5 14 5South and Central America 2.6 4.7 4.5 1.6 1.1 1 18 0Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.2 0.2 7 28 21

EuropeWorld 92.1 100.0 100.0 39.6 36.8 5 11 -1Europe 68.9 77.3 74.8 30.6 27.5 5 12 -3Africa 5.7 5.4 6.2 2.1 2.3 7 18 9Asia 5.6 5.8 6.1 2.3 2.2 6 8 0Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 4.3 1.8 4.7 0.7 1.7 18 20 12North America 4.2 6.3 4.5 2.5 1.7 1 1 -11Middle East 2.1 1.9 2.2 0.8 0.8 7 10 21South and Central America 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.3 3 20 7

North AmericaWorld 16.5 100.0 100.0 10.0 6.6 1 -2 -3North America 9.2 69.0 55.7 6.9 3.7 -2 -5 -8South and Central America 3.5 10.2 21.4 1.0 1.4 10 5 3Asia 1.9 9.3 11.7 0.9 0.8 4 0 7Europe 1.5 9.9 9.1 1.0 0.6 0 4 1Middle East 0.2 1.0 1.1 0.1 0.1 2 2 20Africa 0.1 0.5 0.7 0.0 0.0 6 0 50Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 10 -5 0

Annual percentage change

Textile exports of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Value Share in region's exports Share in world exports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

103

Table II.63

Value Share Value Share

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 4431 100.0 1 2 -2 World 23128 100.0 5 3 -4North America 2384 53.8 -2 -3 -6 Asia 15018 64.9 8 4 0Asia 1437 32.4 6 9 3 Europe 3607 15.6 1 3 -10Europe 511 11.5 2 5 2 North America 3018 13.0 -2 -3 -16Middle East 40 0.9 5 0 -2 South and Central America 619 2.7 5 6 -8South and Central America 34 0.8 -5 26 -29 Middle East 594 2.6 4 3 3Africa 23 0.5 8 40 10 Africa 224 1.0 4 -7 -2CIS 2 0.0 9 -33 0 CIS 49 0.2 -7 47 -13

Economy Economy United States 2249 50.8 -2 -3 -5 China 7883 34.1 19 10 3China 819 18.5 16 15 7 European Union (27) 2922 12.6 0 4 -10European Union (27) 440 9.9 2 5 2 India 2408 10.4 9 3 3India 183 4.1 6 7 -7 Pakistan 1619 7.0 6 -11 -5Mexico 118 2.7 4 -1 -17 Canada 1518 6.6 -3 -6 -18

Above 5 3809 86.0 - - - Above 5 16350 70.7 - - -Pakistan 88 2.0 -2 -7 -9 Mexico 1500 6.5 -1 0 -14Korea, Republic of 77 1.7 -6 -3 -1 Korea, Republic of 795 3.4 -3 -7 -12Taipei, Chinese 67 1.5 -5 -7 1 Taipei, Chinese 608 2.6 -3 0 -5Turkey 55 1.2 7 9 3 Turkey 582 2.5 3 0 -9Bangladesh 51 1.1 28 28 18 Japan 579 2.5 -1 2 -3Japan 38 0.9 -2 3 -7 Israel 355 1.5 5 -4 7Israel 30 0.7 15 8 0 Brazil 348 1.5 7 9 -16Viet Nam 27 0.6 25 98 49 Thailand 342 1.5 -1 1 9Indonesia 25 0.6 -8 -4 -18 Indonesia 224 1.0 1 2 -5Thailand 20 0.4 -2 3 13 Egypt 185 0.8 6 -4 0Egypt 18 0.4 14 47 14 Bangladesh 130 0.6 3 3 8Canada b 17 0.4 ... -10 -13 Viet Nam 112 0.5 72 18 15Brazil 13 0.3 -9 42 -52 Dominican Republic 93 0.4 13 3 2Switzerland 12 0.3 3 10 -13 Switzerland 84 0.4 -2 -9 -4Iran, Islamic Rep. of 6 0.1 -9 -14 -23 Bahrain 75 0.3 19 84 37Nepal 6 0.1 17 30 26 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 64 0.3 -7 -16 -36Australia 5 0.1 -6 24 9 United Arab Emirates 55 0.2 13 24 20Malaysia 5 0.1 -2 -5 10 Philippines 53 0.2 -11 1 -12Cambodia 4 0.1 120 66 150 Nepal 52 0.2 3 15 8Colombia 4 0.1 2 -13 -25 Malaysia 51 0.2 -7 -17 -7New Zealand 4 0.1 11 3 -8 Colombia 48 0.2 3 7 -16Hong Kong, China 3 0.1 -22 -5 -8 Australia 48 0.2 2 -1 28Uruguay 3 0.1 -2 73 23 Hong Kong, China 43 0.2 -19 -10 -23Peru 3 0.1 4 58 46 Saudi Arabia 43 0.2 10 59 3Chile 3 0.1 -5 119 28 El Salvador 37 0.2 1 -20 82Philippines 2 0.1 -3 -5 2 South Africa 30 0.1 -2 -17 -12El Salvador 2 0.0 15 -9 50 Sri Lanka 27 0.1 -17 -6 -23South Africa 2 0.0 -11 -33 0 Peru 26 0.1 1 -9 24Argentina 2 0.0 23 63 -60 New Zealand 24 0.1 1 -5 6Dominican Republic 2 0.0 -17 -11 -8 Ukraine 19 0.1 19 842 2Sri Lanka 1 0.0 -9 18 -43 Norway 16 0.1 13 284 0Tunisia 1 0.0 54 108 39 Guatemala 15 0.1 2 1 0Saudi Arabia 1 0.0 -7 -13 10 Costa Rica 12 0.1 -3 -24 53United Arab Emirates 1 0.0 -1 -20 250 Turkmenistan 11 0.0 16 34 -43Russian Federation 1 0.0 0 0 0 Cambodia 11 0.0 8 -29 -4

Above 40 4410 99.5 - - - Above 40 23047 99.7 - - -

Textile imports of selected economies by origin, 2008

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

(Million dollars and percentage)

Canada a United States

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

104

Table II.63 (continued)

Value Share Value Share

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 5631 100.0 -1 -5 -5 World 83962 100.0 5 12 -2North America 3736 66.3 -3 -5 -11 Europe 62592 74.5 4 11 -3Asia 1099 19.5 4 -13 18 Asia 17469 20.8 9 17 5Europe 524 9.3 11 5 -1 North America 1422 1.7 -2 4 -1South and Central America 252 4.5 13 6 3 Africa 1148 1.4 5 17 -2Middle East 14 0.2 17 15 -7 Middle East 693 0.8 -1 6 -6Africa 4 0.1 19 0 0 CIS 423 0.5 2 -1 -9CIS 2 0.0 9 0 0 South and Central America 178 0.2 0 -3 -4

Economy Economy United States 3633 64.5 -4 -4 -11 European Union (27) 56035 66.7 4 11 -4China c 523 9.3 20 -19 18 China 8343 9.9 20 22 12European Union (27) 492 8.7 11 1 1 Turkey 4902 5.8 11 13 -4Korea, Republic of 120 2.1 -13 -13 11 India 3138 3.7 7 16 -1Taipei, Chinese 111 2.0 -2 -8 10 Pakistan 2151 2.6 10 21 2

Above 5 4880 86.7 - - - Above 5 74569 88.8 - - -Canada 98 1.7 2 -21 -4 Switzerland 1285 1.5 1 13 -2Brazil 96 1.7 26 40 5 United States 1279 1.5 -2 3 0India 86 1.5 22 30 41 Korea, Republic of 825 1.0 -3 12 -5Pakistan 56 1.0 12 -2 52 Japan 682 0.8 -1 8 6Colombia 50 0.9 8 1 -1 Indonesia 523 0.6 -2 9 -10Indonesia 47 0.8 6 -11 2 Taipei, Chinese 462 0.6 -5 4 -2Japan 43 0.8 6 -26 0 Egypt 426 0.5 4 14 -2Guatemala 33 0.6 22 -8 17 Bangladesh 387 0.5 16 26 11Thailand 31 0.6 8 7 12 Tunisia 380 0.5 12 28 1Malaysia 29 0.5 17 -28 110 Thailand 365 0.4 0 4 -5Turkey 22 0.4 12 127 -35 Israel 342 0.4 6 12 7Dominican Republic 16 0.3 83 29 34 Morocco 184 0.2 8 22 12Israel 13 0.2 21 11 -1 Viet Nam 182 0.2 16 24 -3El Salvador 12 0.2 19 4 26 Malaysia 164 0.2 2 -9 3Peru 9 0.2 21 -17 82 Norway 159 0.2 4 1 2Switzerland 9 0.2 10 5 16 United Arab Emirates 123 0.1 10 39 4Chile 8 0.1 -10 -22 -62 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 121 0.1 -11 -11 -29Viet Nam 8 0.1 36 64 57 Belarus 109 0.1 8 17 -8Hong Kong, China 7 0.1 -16 -16 6 Croatia 103 0.1 5 20 7Uruguay 6 0.1 -4 -38 -26 South Africa 95 0.1 2 5 -19Bangladesh 6 0.1 2 18 -23 Canada 86 0.1 -3 4 -4Philippines 5 0.1 23 -21 -9 Brazil 83 0.1 -4 -11 -17Argentina 4 0.1 8 15 -3 Hong Kong, China 77 0.1 1 -7 15Costa Rica 3 0.0 0 -31 -21 Ukraine 74 0.1 7 10 3Honduras 3 0.0 31 8 62 Uzbekistan 68 0.1 2 14 -7Australia 3 0.0 21 -22 208 Russian Federation 66 0.1 -10 -25 -34Egypt 2 0.0 26 52 11 Moldova 65 0.1 12 21 20Sri Lanka 2 0.0 -6 142 -29 Mexico 57 0.1 3 12 -15Ukraine 1 0.0 47 -1 -16 Syrian Arab Republic 57 0.1 -4 -9 -14Nicaragua 1 0.0 93 -81 7571 Nepal 52 0.1 -8 0 -6Singapore 1 0.0 -12 -23 71 Serbia 44 0.1 ... 36 10South Africa 1 0.0 ... -33 -50 Peru 42 0.1 6 12 5Nepal 1 0.0 17 92 -22 Philippines 41 0.0 4 -44 2Bolivia 1 0.0 16 103 14 Sri Lanka 40 0.0 0 14 -9Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 1 0.0 0 5 47 FYR Macedonia 26 0.0 3 -3 6

Above 40 5591 99.3 - - - Above 40 83642 99.6 - - -

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

Textile imports of selected economies by origin, 2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

Mexico c European Union (27)

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

105

Table II.63 (continued)

Value Share Value Share

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 16228 100.0 3 2 -3 World 6947 100.0 4 2 10Asia 14166 87.3 2 0 -4 Asia 5844 84.1 6 4 12Europe 1338 8.2 18 18 12 Europe 771 11.1 1 -2 4North America 656 4.0 20 13 13 North America 270 3.9 -4 -13 4Middle East 35 0.2 28 22 59 Middle East 22 0.3 -7 0 -27South and Central America 16 0.1 30 0 7 South and Central America 17 0.2 -5 -36 21Africa 9 0.1 8 13 0 Africa 16 0.2 6 0 33CIS 6 0.0 -12 -8 -45 CIS 7 0.1 -8 0 -13

Economy Economy Japan 3276 20.2 2 0 4 China 3873 55.8 8 3 12China c 3185 19.6 12 3 -4 European Union (27) 689 9.9 0 -3 0Taipei, Chinese 2853 17.6 -1 -2 -9 Indonesia 404 5.8 3 5 10Korea, Republic of 2238 13.8 -2 -3 -6 Taipei, Chinese 368 5.3 4 9 3European Union (27) 1243 7.7 18 17 13 Korea, Republic of 353 5.1 -2 -2 10

Above 5 12794 78.8 - - - Above 5 5686 81.8 - - -Hong Kong, China 960 5.9 -4 -4 -14 United States 251 3.6 -4 -14 2United States 619 3.8 20 15 13 Thailand 235 3.4 9 23 20Pakistan 597 3.7 5 4 -18 Viet Nam 173 2.5 8 2 22Thailand 283 1.7 15 12 11 India 172 2.5 0 2 2India 219 1.4 1 12 19 Malaysia 102 1.5 1 24 28Indonesia 183 1.1 -1 -1 -4 Pakistan 76 1.1 -8 -7 16Viet Nam 139 0.9 31 44 106 Switzerland 45 0.7 7 -3 86Malaysia 101 0.6 3 8 -3 Turkey 35 0.5 7 27 6Turkey 55 0.3 31 40 -4 Philippines 31 0.4 2 -4 -3Philippines 45 0.3 33 -1 17 Bangladesh 17 0.2 3 1 27Switzerland 36 0.2 26 8 17 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 14 0.2 -11 -19 -32Singapore 33 0.2 -3 4 -18 Canada 13 0.2 7 -18 55Australia 31 0.2 8 13 -8 Brazil 13 0.2 -4 -38 30Canada 29 0.2 27 4 21 Macao, China 11 0.2 15 17 -10Saudi Arabia 14 0.1 48 90 56 Hong Kong, China 10 0.1 -2 -21 -24Israel 9 0.1 34 30 4 Australia 8 0.1 1 36 -29United Arab Emirates 9 0.1 22 -18 187 South Africa 7 0.1 28 25 40Brazil 8 0.0 ... 0 14 Egypt 5 0.1 -2 -7 27Mexico 8 0.0 30 -27 -27 Mexico 5 0.1 -7 20 -17Bangladesh 6 0.0 31 31 28 Uzbekistan 5 0.1 -11 -35 33Macao, China 5 0.0 -25 56 -61 Israel 5 0.1 9 44 3South Africa 4 0.0 19 33 0 Peru 3 0.0 -7 -12 -9New Zealand 4 0.0 9 -9 11 United Arab Emirates 3 0.0 43 202 -41Peru 3 0.0 15 52 -12 Sri Lanka 2 0.0 -1 8 -3Sri Lanka 3 0.0 4 26 77 Tanzania 2 0.0 1 3 27Norway 3 0.0 9 -37 58 New Zealand 2 0.0 0 -39 -18Korea, Dem. People's Rep. of 3 0.0 31 9 21 Singapore 2 0.0 -8 1 -42Egypt 2 0.0 0 -29 29 Nepal 1 0.0 4 21 47Uruguay 2 0.0 35 -7 -17 Myanmar 1 0.0 4 16 42Russian Federation 2 0.0 -16 0 -67 Russian Federation 1 0.0 0 200 -67Belarus 1 0.0 -5 -6 -60 Belarus 1 0.0 22 33 5Nepal 1 0.0 19 -23 28 Tunisia 1 0.0 40 -38 13Colombia 1 0.0 30 8 123 Norway 1 0.0 13 -80 164Armenia 1 0.0 ... ... 274 Dominican Republic 0 0.0 ... 4 -55Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 0.0 ... 35 139 Saudi Arabia 0 0.0 -18 47 8

Above 40 16217 99.9 - - - Above 40 6940 99.9 - - -

c In 2008, China reported imports from China accounting for 19.6 per cent of its textile imports. For further information, see the Metadata.

a Imports are valued f.o.b. b In 2008, Canada reported imports from Canada accounting for 0.4 per cent of its textile imports. For further information, see the Metadata.

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

Textile imports of selected economies by origin, 2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

China c Japan

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

106

Table II.64

2008 1980 1990 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

Exporters European Union (27) 80.21 - - 36.1 32.1 4 5 11 -2

extra-EU (27) exports 24.17 - - 9.9 9.7 6 5 10 2China a 65.26 4.6 6.9 10.3 26.1 19 19 15 17United States 12.50 6.8 4.8 7.0 5.0 2 2 -2 1Hong Kong, China 12.26 - - - - -1 1 -4 -9

domestic exports 0.40 1.7 2.1 0.7 0.2 -13 -12 -13 -14 re-exports 11.86 - - - - 0 1 -3 -8

Korea, Republic of 10.37 4.0 5.8 8.1 4.1 -3 -3 3 0India 10.27 2.4 2.1 3.5 4.1 8 8 9 6Turkey 9.40 0.6 1.4 2.3 3.8 12 7 18 5Taipei, Chinese 9.22 3.2 5.9 7.6 3.7 -3 1 0 -5Japan 7.34 9.3 5.6 4.5 2.9 1 0 3 3Pakistan 7.19 1.6 2.6 2.9 2.9 6 5 -1 -3United Arab Emirates b 5.75 0.1 0.0 2.0 2.3 8 100 26 0Indonesia 3.67 0.1 1.2 2.2 1.5 1 8 6 -4Thailand 3.21 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.3 6 4 8 3Mexico a 1.99 0.2 0.7 1.6 0.8 -3 3 1 -10Canada 1.99 0.6 0.7 1.4 0.8 -1 -4 -2 -14

Above 15 228.76 - - 91.4 91.4 - - - -Importers

European Union (27) 83.96 - - 34.3 31.9 5 7 12 -2 extra-EU (27) imports 27.93 - - 9.7 10.6 7 11 14 2

United States 23.13 4.5 6.2 9.5 8.8 5 4 3 -4China a, c 16.23 1.9 4.9 7.7 6.2 3 6 2 -3Hong Kong, China 12.31 - - - - -1 1 -3 -9

retained imports 0.45 3.7 3.8 0.9 0.2 -14 5 1 -25Japan 6.95 3.0 3.8 2.9 2.6 4 6 2 10Viet Nam b 6.05 ... ... 0.8 2.3 20 16 29 18Turkey 5.65 0.1 0.5 1.3 2.1 13 6 28 -6Russian Federation b 5.51 - - 0.8 2.1 20 26 22 25Mexico a, d 5.37 0.2 0.9 3.5 2.0 -1 -2 -5 -5United Arab Emirates b 4.77 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.8 11 10 15 16Canada d 4.43 2.3 2.2 2.5 1.7 1 2 2 -2Korea, Republic of 4.11 0.7 1.8 2.0 1.6 3 10 6 -1Indonesia 3.26 0.4 0.7 0.7 1.2 13 -3 8 315Brazil 2.95 0.1 0.2 0.6 1.1 14 38 37 35Thailand 2.44 0.3 0.8 1.0 0.9 5 4 5 13

Above 15 175.26 - - 69.7 66.7 - - - -

b Includes Secretariat estimates. c In 2008, China reported imports of textiles from China amounting to $3.2 billion. For further information, see the Metadata. d Imports are valued f.o.b.

Leading exporters and importers of textiles, 2008

a Includes significant shipments through processing zones

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Share in world exports/imports Value Annual percentage change

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

107

Table II.65

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

World 104354 | 157295 220367 240364 250198 2.5 1.6Argentina 158 258 219 233 274 1.0 0.4Australia 153 347 312 340 319 0.5 0.2Bangladesh b, c 343 393 1494 884 1090 6.2 7.1Belarus - 410 504 567 588 5.6 1.8Brazil 769 895 1365 1436 1361 1.6 0.7Canada 687 2204 2369 2316 1988 0.8 0.4Chile 33 114 112 129 110 0.6 0.2China d 7219 16135 48678 55961 65256 6.5 4.6Colombia 133 268 383 628 858 2.1 2.3Croatia ... 87 113 132 141 2.0 1.0Egypt c 554 412 650 726 762 8.8 3.0El Salvador d 38 79 80 98 122 2.7 2.7European Union (27) - 56737 73846 81846 80207 2.3 1.4 intra-EU (27) exports - 41170 52310 58095 56035 2.5 1.4 extra-EU (27) exports - 15567 21536 23751 24172 2.0 1.3Guatemala 34 53 | 183 202 248 2.0 3.2Hong Kong, China 8213 13441 13910 13417 12256 6.6 3.3 domestic exports 2171 1176 530 462 396 5.0 2.3 re-exports 6042 12265 13380 12955 11860 6.8 3.4India 2180 5570 8909 9667 10267 13.1 5.8Indonesia 1241 3505 3614 3829 3675 5.4 2.6Iran, Islamic Rep. of c 510 766 766 676 498 2.7 0.4Israel 270 490 744 764 651 1.6 1.1Japan 5871 7023 6934 7108 7340 1.5 0.9Korea, Republic of 6076 12710 10110 10373 10371 7.4 2.5Macao, China 136 272 242 197 107 10.7 5.4Malaysia d 343 1270 1437 1470 1549 1.3 0.8Mauritius c, d 35 81 78 88 80 5.2 3.4Mexico d 713 2571 2192 2215 1993 1.5 0.7Morocco d 203 123 242 326 324 1.7 1.6Nepal 82 182 157 170 185 22.7 17.6New Zealand 135 142 262 304 280 1.1 0.9Norway 163 173 233 258 266 0.3 0.2Pakistan 2663 4532 7469 7371 7186 50.2 35.4Peru 221 128 199 250 313 1.8 1.0Philippines d 132 297 239 205 194 0.7 0.4Russian Federation - 430 537 550 554 0.4 0.1Saudi Arabia c 31 114 315 324 419 0.1 0.1Singapore 903 907 | 911 969 885 0.7 0.3 domestic exports 141 293 | 285 320 274 0.4 0.2 re-exports 762 614 | 626 649 611 1.0 0.4South Africa c 167 240 306 332 301 0.8 0.4Sri Lanka c 25 244 154 176 188 4.5 2.2Switzerland 2557 1503 | 1593 1761 1802 1.9 0.9Syrian Arab Republic c 555 158 | 820 1045 1016 3.4 7.1Taipei, Chinese 6128 11891 9780 9732 9220 8.0 3.6Tanzania c ... 11 39 56 44 1.7 1.4Thailand 928 1958 2873 3114 3211 2.8 1.8Tunisia 112 154 349 495 478 2.6 2.5Turkey 1440 3672 7585 8942 9399 13.2 7.1Ukraine - 127 244 290 289 0.9 0.4United Arab Emirates c 6 3137 4567 5761 5751 6.3 2.5United States 5039 10952 12680 12426 12496 1.4 1.0Viet Nam c ... 299 1058 1321 1639 2.1 2.6

b Figures refer to fiscal year.

d Includes significant exports from processing zones.

Value

Textile exports of selected economies, 1990-2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

a Or nearest year.

c Includes Secretariat estimates.

Share in economy's total merchandise exports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

108

Table II.66

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Argentina 53 653 820 1000 1147 2.6 2.0Australia b 1445 1632 1837 2051 2210 2.3 1.2Bangladesh c, d 452 1350 1538 1206 1546 15.2 6.5Belarus - 256 427 487 591 3.0 1.5Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 112 286 644 1079 1427 2.0 2.9Bosnia and Herzegovina ... ... 241 294 329 ... 2.7Brazil e 252 1045 1599 2183 2947 1.9 1.7Cambodia d ... 432 1202 1350 ... 22.3 24.9Canada b 2325 4126 4472 4544 4431 1.7 1.1Chile 203 431 522 563 642 2.3 1.0China f 5292 12832 16358 16645 16228 5.7 1.4Colombia 75 558 864 988 999 4.8 2.5Costa Rica f 83 184 232 232 290 2.9 1.9Croatia ... 249 484 566 598 3.2 1.9Dominican Republic b, d, f ... 1173 941 838 774 12.4 4.8Egypt d 211 526 1094 1279 1628 3.8 3.4El Salvador d, f 111 325 672 694 693 6.6 7.1European Union (27) g - 57422 76329 85480 83962 2.2 1.3 extra-EU (27) imports - 16222 23927 27385 27927 1.8 1.2FYR Macedonia ... 27 339 425 464 1.3 6.8Guatemala f 38 59 | 1144 1043 990 1.2 6.8Honduras 26 501 1239 1413 1559 12.6 15.0Hong Kong, China 10182 13716 13975 13559 12313 6.4 3.1 retained imports 4140 1451 595 604 454 4.2 1.6India 240 578 1972 2123 2322 1.1 0.8Indonesia 785 1251 730 785 3262 2.9 2.6Iran, Islamic Rep. of d ... 298 412 375 428 2.1 0.7Israel 474 759 718 763 801 2.0 1.2Japan 4133 4935 6176 6297 6947 1.3 0.9Jordan 107 172 725 670 651 3.7 3.9Kenya 17 47 249 250 258 1.5 2.3Korea, Republic of 1947 3359 3909 4140 4112 2.1 0.9Kuwait 168 212 343 325 341 3.0 1.4Macao, China 619 902 618 485 310 40.0 5.8Madagascar d 20 200 314 417 536 18.2 13.3Malaysia f 951 1114 1063 1184 1121 1.4 0.7Mauritius d 336 411 266 290 264 19.6 5.7Mexico b, f 992 5822 5951 5661 5366 3.3 1.7Morocco f 361 1364 1915 2306 2296 11.8 5.5New Zealand 396 369 506 564 537 2.7 1.6Norway 554 509 772 927 1020 1.5 1.1Pakistan 126 130 551 579 589 1.2 1.4Peru d 17 165 358 472 691 2.2 2.3Philippines 910 1250 1244 1189 873 3.4 1.4Russian Federation d - 1316 3613 4408 5512 2.9 1.9Saudi Arabia d 1312 986 1204 1296 1655 3.3 1.4Singapore 1778 1275 | 1101 1174 1193 0.9 0.4 retained imports 1016 661 | 475 525 582 0.9 0.4South Africa b 561 570 975 1015 1019 2.1 1.2Sri Lanka d 412 1483 1540 1609 1694 20.7 12.1Switzerland 1849 1326 1800 2032 2177 1.6 1.2Syrian Arab Republic d 168 399 | 353 292 358 10.5 2.0Taipei, Chinese 1013 1460 1141 1188 1175 1.0 0.5Thailand 898 1630 2059 2160 2444 2.6 1.4Tunisia 790 1207 1594 1997 2088 14.1 8.5Turkey 567 2124 4686 6009 5646 3.9 2.8Ukraine - 450 916 984 1118 3.2 1.3United Arab Emirates d 983 2055 3567 4100 4771 5.9 2.9United States 6730 15985 23498 24089 23128 1.3 1.1Viet Nam d ... 1379 3988 5139 6048 8.8 7.5

d Includes Secretariat estimates. e Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b.

Value

Textile imports of selected economies, 1990-2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

Share in economy's total merchandise imports

g See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports.

a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b. c Figures refer to fiscal year.

f Includes significant imports into processing zones.

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

109

4.6. Clothing

Table II.67

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

World 361.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 8 12 5Asia

World 188.3 100.0 100.0 46.1 52.0 10 13 5Europe 59.7 23.7 31.7 10.9 16.5 14 0 17North America 56.9 39.3 30.2 18.1 15.7 6 7 -3Asia 39.7 29.4 21.1 13.6 11.0 5 10 2Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 16.1 1.9 8.6 0.9 4.5 32 95 14Middle East 7.3 2.8 3.9 1.3 2.0 14 61 4South and Central America 4.8 1.7 2.6 0.8 1.3 15 42 2Africa 3.7 1.2 1.9 0.5 1.0 17 47 -25

ChinaWorld 120.0 100.0 100.0 18.2 33.2 16 21 4Europe 35.3 16.8 29.4 3.1 9.7 25 -2 24Asia 32.3 51.8 26.9 9.5 8.9 7 13 1North America 24.5 20.7 20.4 3.8 6.8 16 20 -10Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 15.7 3.4 13.1 0.6 4.3 37 99 14Middle East 5.2 2.6 4.3 0.5 1.4 24 87 -3South and Central America 4.1 3.1 3.4 0.6 1.1 18 48 -1Africa 2.9 1.6 2.4 0.3 0.8 23 54 -30

Other economies in AsiaWorld 68.3 100.0 100.0 27.8 18.9 3 1 6North America 32.4 51.5 47.5 14.3 9.0 2 -1 3Europe 24.4 28.3 35.7 7.9 6.7 6 3 8Asia 7.4 14.7 10.8 4.1 2.0 -1 -4 4Middle East 2.1 2.8 3.1 0.8 0.6 4 13 26Africa 0.7 0.9 1.1 0.2 0.2 5 16 7South and Central America 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.2 0.2 7 12 27Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.4 0.9 0.7 0.2 0.1 -1 15 15

EuropeWorld 130.5 100.0 100.0 32.6 36.1 9 15 6Europe 108.0 82.7 82.7 27.0 29.8 9 15 5Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 7.2 1.8 5.5 0.6 2.0 25 36 20Asia 5.4 4.4 4.1 1.4 1.5 8 14 10North America 4.6 7.1 3.5 2.3 1.3 0 2 -6Middle East 2.9 1.7 2.2 0.5 0.8 13 24 25Africa 1.5 1.7 1.2 0.6 0.4 4 2 12South and Central America 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 3 30 14

South and Central AmericaWorld 12.4 100.0 100.0 5.9 3.4 1 1 -2North America 10.1 92.9 81.4 5.5 2.8 -1 -7 -5South and Central America 1.9 5.2 15.2 0.3 0.5 15 87 13Europe 0.3 1.6 2.5 0.1 0.1 7 22 -6Asia 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 18 39 -1Africa 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 44 26 70Middle East 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 8 13 21Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16 -1 -14

Annual percentage change

Clothing exports of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Value Share in region's exports Share in world exports

ME

RC

HA

ND

ISE

TR

AD

E B

Y P

RO

DU

CT

II

110

Table II.68

Value Share Value Share

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 8452 100.0 11 12 8 World 82464 100.0 3 2 -3Asia 6723 79.5 13 14 10 Asia 60886 73.8 6 7 -1North America 837 9.9 2 -1 8 South and Central America 9630 11.7 -2 -7 -5Europe 576 6.8 8 15 -3 North America 5075 6.2 -9 -15 -13South and Central America 205 2.4 9 -4 6 Europe 3295 4.0 -3 0 -11Africa 77 0.9 12 10 4 Africa 2170 2.6 6 3 -4Middle East 22 0.3 -1 4 -12 Middle East 1355 1.6 -1 -15 -16CIS 12 0.1 -7 0 9 CIS 52 0.1 -24 -61 -32

Economy Economy China 4555 53.9 22 18 9 China 28575 34.7 16 17 0Bangladesh 540 6.4 23 4 20 Viet Nam 5527 6.7 79 35 20United States 536 6.3 -1 1 14 Indonesia 4358 5.3 8 8 1European Union (27) 440 5.2 7 15 -3 Mexico 4250 5.2 -9 -15 -10India 333 3.9 4 -4 -5 Bangladesh 3657 4.4 6 5 11

Above 5 6404 75.8 - - - Above 5 46367 56.2 - - -Mexico 297 3.5 10 -3 0 India 3412 4.1 6 -2 -3Cambodia 246 2.9 48 45 32 Honduras 2742 3.3 1 3 4Viet Nam 230 2.7 33 27 36 European Union (27) 2721 3.3 -1 6 -7Indonesia 161 1.9 7 15 4 Cambodia 2508 3.0 14 13 -2Turkey 108 1.3 14 10 -3 Thailand 2238 2.7 0 -4 -3Thailand 105 1.2 1 -7 -2 Pakistan 1691 2.1 5 4 0Malaysia 94 1.1 2 6 20 Hong Kong, China 1645 2.0 -13 -27 -24Pakistan 80 0.9 4 1 -2 Sri Lanka 1620 2.0 0 -7 -5Honduras 63 0.7 13 -7 15 El Salvador 1574 1.9 -1 5 3Sri Lanka 62 0.7 3 0 11 Malaysia 1505 1.8 1 2 6Philippines 60 0.7 -1 -6 -21 Guatemala 1452 1.8 -1 -13 -4Hong Kong, China 56 0.7 -20 -16 1 Philippines 1443 1.8 -4 -14 -21Korea, Republic of 51 0.6 -16 -19 6 Jordan 1014 1.2 47 -9 -15Taipei, Chinese 45 0.5 -11 0 5 Nicaragua 963 1.2 14 10 -3El Salvador 26 0.3 11 3 -8 Macao, China 876 1.1 -4 -12 -18Peru 24 0.3 19 -1 1 Dominican Republic 862 1.0 -12 -32 -20Macao, China 22 0.3 -7 -8 -11 Canada 825 1.0 -10 -17 -26Guatemala 20 0.2 14 -6 25 Peru 825 1.0 9 -3 -3Morocco 19 0.2 38 27 11 Taipei, Chinese 823 1.0 -12 -15 -15Dominican Republic 16 0.2 -5 -25 1 Egypt 783 0.9 8 11 6Tunisia 16 0.2 29 16 -5 Korea, Republic of 597 0.7 -17 -31 -18Nicaragua 15 0.2 16 23 38 Turkey 447 0.5 -11 -22 -28Egypt 14 0.2 6 10 19 Haiti 423 0.5 6 1 -8Haiti 12 0.1 19 31 -16 Colombia 362 0.4 -2 -24 -9Madagascar 11 0.1 36 12 9 Lesotho 359 0.4 12 -1 -11Switzerland 10 0.1 9 37 -9 Costa Rica 310 0.4 -12 -9 -28Jordan 10 0.1 54 32 -21 Madagascar 295 0.4 12 21 -4Singapore 10 0.1 -4 36 14 Kenya 259 0.3 24 -6 -1Israel 8 0.1 -2 4 11 Israel 178 0.2 -12 -21 -10Japan 8 0.1 0 29 -11 Swaziland 132 0.2 19 0 -7Ukraine 8 0.1 17 40 18 Singapore 126 0.2 -13 3 -20Colombia 8 0.1 8 -32 5 Mauritius 107 0.1 -11 -3 -12Costa Rica 7 0.1 1 66 13 Morocco 97 0.1 0 -11 2Nepal 6 0.1 4 10 -1 Switzerland 95 0.1 8 15 -9Lesotho 6 0.1 4 -22 -15 Japan 94 0.1 -2 1 -16

Above 40 8339 98.7 - - - Above 40 81770 99.2 - - -

Clothing imports of selected economies by origin, 2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

Canada a United States

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Table II.68 (continued)

Value Share Value Share

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

Region Region World 177741 100.0 10 14 8 World 25866 100.0 3 1 8Europe 99784 56.1 9 15 4 Asia 23815 92.1 4 1 9Asia 66269 37.3 13 13 14 Europe 1691 6.5 1 -1 -2Africa 9098 5.1 6 15 4 North America 213 0.8 -11 -22 -10CIS 953 0.5 4 2 -5 Africa 90 0.3 23 26 15North America 823 0.5 5 6 8 South and Central America 42 0.2 1 10 -5South and Central America 424 0.2 4 2 6 CIS 8 0.0 13 17 14Middle East 376 0.2 -6 -8 -6 Middle East 5 0.0 -4 -13 -29

Economy Economy European Union (27) 84658 47.6 9 15 5 China 21429 82.8 5 1 8China 39815 22.4 21 25 23 European Union (27) 1592 6.2 1 -1 -3Turkey 11856 6.7 11 18 -5 Viet Nam 865 3.3 5 11 21Bangladesh 6962 3.9 14 4 15 Thailand 313 1.2 1 -8 16India 6352 3.6 13 10 11 Korea, Republic of 227 0.9 -16 -26 -12

Above 5 149643 84.2 - - - Above 5 24427 94.4 - - -Tunisia 3841 2.2 6 14 8 Malaysia 202 0.8 4 6 18Morocco 3550 2.0 6 17 1 India 187 0.7 4 -11 21Viet Nam 1924 1.1 13 21 18 United States 183 0.7 -11 -24 -8Indonesia 1735 1.0 0 -7 1 Indonesia 148 0.6 -5 -8 10Sri Lanka 1726 1.0 10 17 15 Myanmar 132 0.5 52 33 38Pakistan 1686 0.9 9 11 9 Philippines 77 0.3 -5 11 -2Thailand 1428 0.8 5 1 7 Taipei, Chinese 66 0.3 -6 3 8Hong Kong, China 1270 0.7 -10 -27 -46 Turkey 62 0.2 22 -3 17Switzerland 1030 0.6 12 25 9 Bangladesh 46 0.2 13 23 52Malaysia 974 0.5 4 7 7 Morocco 39 0.2 36 46 38Cambodia 813 0.5 15 4 12 Tunisia 38 0.1 23 21 4Egypt 702 0.4 13 20 22 Hong Kong, China 38 0.1 -12 -29 -19FYR Macedonia 698 0.4 15 43 11 Sri Lanka 23 0.1 4 -8 5Mauritius 624 0.4 0 9 -6 Switzerland 21 0.1 3 -5 3United States 617 0.3 4 5 11 Mexico 19 0.1 -4 -7 -24Croatia 559 0.3 3 8 4 Cambodia 19 0.1 35 7 29Ukraine 537 0.3 6 0 -1 Macao, China 14 0.1 1 -11 14Serbia 422 0.2 ... 35 12 Peru 13 0.1 11 14 3Madagascar 321 0.2 4 16 -5 Canada 11 0.0 -11 -16 -15Albania 280 0.2 15 41 25 Brazil 10 0.0 12 60 25Korea, Republic of 248 0.1 -15 -22 -37 Croatia 9 0.0 24 5 2Philippines 232 0.1 -4 -12 -17 Pakistan 8 0.0 -7 16 -5Taipei, Chinese 224 0.1 -10 -3 -29 Ukraine 5 0.0 13 45 10Myanmar 216 0.1 -3 -17 -2 Lao People's Dem. Rep. 5 0.0 35 12 124Bosnia and Herzegovina 205 0.1 10 15 15 Nepal 5 0.0 -19 -19 42Moldova 204 0.1 15 20 1 Madagascar 5 0.0 18 1 -28Macao, China 204 0.1 -13 -19 -47 Honduras 4 0.0 -6 -4 -23Japan 173 0.1 2 21 8 Egypt 4 0.0 46 -29 166Lao People's Dem. Rep. 163 0.1 5 -4 10 Moldova 3 0.0 ... 23 45Peru 140 0.1 11 23 11 Colombia 3 0.0 1 -12 10United Arab Emirates 124 0.1 -8 -20 -12 Mauritius 3 0.0 -5 30 -27Israel 111 0.1 -9 -8 -2 Serbia 2 0.0 ... 38 -10Belarus 108 0.1 -2 -7 -8 FYR Macedonia 2 0.0 56 22 28Mexico 106 0.1 14 10 12 Jordan 2 0.0 63 67 16Canada 99 0.1 3 7 -9 Israel 2 0.0 -2 -15 -44

Above 40 176939 99.5 - - - Above 40 25835 99.9 - - -

a Imports are valued f.o.b.

Clothing imports of selected economies by origin, 2008

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

(Million dollars and percentage)

European Union (27) Japan

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Table II.69

2008 1980 1990 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

Exporters China a 120.0 4.0 8.9 18.2 33.2 16 29 21 4European Union (27) 112.4 - - 28.4 31.1 9 7 15 7

extra-EU (27) exports 27.7 - - 6.6 7.7 10 10 18 12Hong Kong, China 27.9 - - - - 2 4 1 -3

domestic exports 2.9 11.5 8.6 5.0 0.8 -14 -7 -26 -42 re-exports 25.0 - - - - 7 8 10 5

Turkey 13.6 0.3 3.1 3.3 3.8 10 2 15 -2Bangladesh b 10.9 0.0 0.6 2.6 3.0 10 21 6 23India 10.9 1.7 2.3 3.0 3.0 8 11 3 11Viet Nam b 9.0 ... ... 0.9 2.5 22 19 33 21Indonesia 6.3 0.2 1.5 2.4 1.7 4 16 2 7Mexico a 4.9 0.0 0.5 4.4 1.4 -7 -13 -19 -5United States 4.4 3.1 2.4 4.4 1.2 -8 -2 -12 3Thailand 4.2 0.7 2.6 1.9 1.2 2 4 -4 4Pakistan 3.9 0.3 0.9 1.1 1.1 8 8 -3 3Tunisia 3.8 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.0 7 -3 18 5Cambodia b 3.6 ... ... 0.5 1.0 18 13 39 4Malaysia a 3.6 0.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 6 15 11 15

Above 15 314.4 - - 78.4 86.9 - - - -Importers

European Union (27) 177.7 - - 39.8 47.3 10 10 14 8 extra-EU (27) imports 93.1 - - 19.2 24.8 11 13 14 10

United States 82.5 16.4 24.0 32.1 22.0 3 4 2 -3Japan 25.9 3.6 7.8 9.4 6.9 3 6 1 8Russian Federation b 21.4 - - 1.3 5.7 30 2 79 48Hong Kong, China 18.5 - - - - 2 2 2 -3

retained imports ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Canada c 8.5 1.7 2.1 1.8 2.3 11 17 12 8Switzerland 5.8 3.4 3.1 1.5 1.5 8 5 11 12United Arab Emirates b 5.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 1.5 27 72 64 10Australia c 4.3 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.1 11 5 13 16Korea, Republic of 4.2 0.0 0.1 0.6 1.1 16 29 15 -2Norway 2.7 1.7 1.1 0.6 0.7 10 7 16 19Mexico a, c 2.5 0.3 0.5 1.7 0.7 -4 0 -2 3China a 2.3 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.6 8 6 15 15Singapore 2.2 0.3 0.8 0.9 0.6 2 17 -3 -8

retained imports 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 6 12 16 2Turkey 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 30 39 43 41

Above 15 d 347.8 - - 91.8 92.6 - - - -

c Imports are valued f.o.b. d Excludes retained imports of Hong Kong, China.

Leading exporters and importers of clothing, 2008

a Includes significant shipments through processing zones b Includes Secretariat estimates.

(Billion dollars and percentage)

Share in world exports/imports Value Annual percentage change

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Table II.70

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

World 108129 | 197722 309142 345830 361888 3.1 2.3Albania ... 97 225 289 351 37.6 26.0Bangladesh b, c 643 5067 8318 8855 10920 79.3 71.1Belarus - 262 350 400 449 3.6 1.4Bosnia and Herzegovina ... ... 152 177 208 ... 4.1Botswana ... 30 141 340 260 1.1 5.3Cambodia c ... 970 2513 3491 3645 69.8 84.8Canada 328 2077 1798 1585 1308 0.8 0.3China d 9669 36071 95379 115233 119978 14.5 8.4Colombia 460 520 962 1351 1222 4.0 3.2Costa Rica d 54 660 235 212 266 11.2 2.7Croatia ... 469 538 585 604 10.6 4.3Dominican Republic d 782 | 2555 1734 1367 1080 44.5 15.5Egypt c 144 710 1138 1330 1551 15.1 6.1El Salvador c, d 184 1673 1814 1830 1956 56.9 43.0European Union (27) - 56240 91437 105104 112375 2.3 1.9 intra-EU (27) exports - 43286 70538 80340 84658 2.6 2.1 extra-EU (27) exports - 12954 20899 24764 27717 1.7 1.4FYR Macedonia c ... 318 509 635 823 24.0 20.7Guatemala 24 49 | 1557 1390 1230 1.8 15.9Haiti 63 245 432 459 421 76.9 86.0Honduras c 64 2275 2613 2842 2940 68.0 48.6Hong Kong, China 15406 24214 28391 28765 27908 11.9 7.5 domestic exports 9266 9935 6724 4985 2867 42.2 16.9 re-exports 6140 14279 21666 23780 25041 8.0 7.1India 2530 5960 9499 9786 10854 14.1 6.1Indonesia 1646 4734 5760 5870 6285 7.2 4.5Japan 568 534 485 523 591 0.1 0.1Jordan 11 115 1257 1218 1041 6.1 13.4Kenya 9 9 230 241 256 0.5 5.2Korea, Republic of 7879 5027 2183 1914 1741 2.9 0.4Lesotho ... 161 478 557 ... 73.1 69.2Macao, China 1111 1849 1610 1491 1053 72.8 52.7Madagascar c 11 309 252 394 571 37.4 42.6Malaysia d 1315 2257 2842 3159 3624 2.3 1.8Mauritius c, d 607 948 772 887 845 60.9 36.0Mexico d 587 8631 6323 5150 4911 5.2 1.7Moldova - 76 200 238 267 16.0 16.7Morocco d 722 2401 3238 3517 3334 32.3 16.6Myanmar c 12 800 386 412 371 48.6 5.3Pakistan 1014 2144 3907 3806 3906 23.8 19.2Peru 120 504 1204 1406 1635 7.2 5.2Philippines d 1733 2536 2624 2294 1979 6.4 4.0Serbia ... ... 319 445 552 ... 5.0Serbia and Montenegro ... 130 ... ... ... 7.6 4.9Singapore 1588 1825 | 1985 1779 1557 1.3 0.5 domestic exports 995 504 | 238 223 227 0.6 0.1 re-exports 593 1321 | 1747 1556 1330 2.2 0.8Sri Lanka c 638 2812 3046 3283 3460 51.8 40.9Swaziland c ... 124 152 47 44 13.6 2.4Switzerland 686 607 | 1620 1771 1922 0.8 1.0Syrian Arab Republic c 330 129 | 864 975 962 2.8 6.7Taipei, Chinese 3987 3015 1410 1274 1190 2.0 0.5Thailand 2817 3759 4247 4073 4241 5.4 2.4Tunisia 1126 2227 3018 3571 3766 38.1 19.5Turkey 3331 6533 12052 13886 13591 23.5 10.3Ukraine - 417 682 718 719 2.9 1.1United Arab Emirates c 146 971 2400 2705 2631 1.9 1.1United States 2565 8629 4885 4320 4449 1.1 0.3Viet Nam c ... 1821 5579 7400 8971 12.6 14.3

a Or nearest year. b Figures refer to fiscal year. c Includes Secretariat estimates. d Includes significant exports from processing zones.

Value

Clothing exports of selected economies, 1990-2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

Share in economy's total merchandise exports

ME

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Table II.71

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Albania ... 68 173 232 246 6.3 4.7Argentina 6 333 192 271 417 1.3 0.7Australia b 711 1858 3279 3703 4280 2.6 2.2Bangladesh c, d 14 174 168 197 252 2.0 1.1Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 101 390 736 1443 1593 2.7 3.2Bosnia and Herzegovina ... ... 162 189 220 ... 1.8Brazil e 59 173 442 614 883 0.3 0.5Canada b 2388 3690 6987 7796 8452 1.5 2.1Chile 52 501 1003 1169 1348 2.7 2.2China f 48 1192 1724 1976 2282 0.5 0.2Colombia 19 80 159 258 335 0.7 0.8Costa Rica f 17 592 214 236 272 9.3 1.8Croatia ... 278 518 691 762 3.5 2.5Ecuador 1 23 154 185 214 0.6 1.1Egypt d 9 404 411 817 622 2.9 1.3El Salvador d, f 171 713 217 187 117 14.4 1.2European Union (27) g - 83181 144448 164993 177741 3.2 2.8 extra-EU (27) imports - 40148 74370 84653 93083 4.4 4.1Guatemala f 5 33 | 190 208 183 0.7 1.3Honduras 25 1304 423 333 186 32.7 1.8Hong Kong, China 6913 16008 18852 19149 18546 7 5 retained imports ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Iceland 75 88 156 184 169 3.4 2.7Israel 61 471 788 949 1123 1.2 1.7Japan 8765 19709 23831 23997 25866 5.2 3.4Jordan 28 61 247 296 326 1.3 1.9Korea, Republic of 151 1307 3744 4318 4223 0.8 1.0Kuwait 206 317 567 699 698 4.4 2.8Macao, China 26 214 1056 1105 872 9.5 16.3Malaysia f 76 148 359 410 492 0.2 0.3Mexico b, f 573 3602 2517 2474 2544 2.1 0.8Morocco f 8 232 274 321 337 2.0 0.8New Zealand 149 401 740 877 914 2.9 2.7Norway 1231 1287 1977 2286 2729 3.7 3.1Peru d 1 59 134 184 268 0.8 0.9Qatar 29 54 211 264 302 1.7 1.1Russian Federation d - 2688 8103 14505 21427 6.0 7.3Saudi Arabia d 833 813 1649 1939 2018 2.7 1.8Serbia ... ... 222 362 492 ... 2.1Serbia and Montenegro ... 46 ... ... ... 1.2 1.3Singapore 920 1881 | 2497 2428 2224 1.4 0.7 retained imports 328 560 | 750 872 893 0.7 0.6South Africa b 108 223 1123 994 993 0.8 1.1Switzerland 3437 3160 4654 5184 5804 3.8 3.2Taipei, Chinese 290 978 1223 1118 1171 0.7 0.5Thailand 29 131 276 331 392 0.2 0.2Tunisia 191 438 550 644 635 5.1 2.6Turkey 16 264 1098 1566 2216 0.5 1.1Ukraine - 60 342 375 877 0.4 1.0United Arab Emirates d 514 832 3055 5010 5503 2.4 3.3United States 26977 67115 82969 84851 82464 5.3 3.8Viet Nam d ... 450 271 270 446 2.9 0.6

c Figures refer to fiscal year. d Includes Secretariat estimates.

f Includes significant imports into processing zones.

Value

Clothing imports of selected economies, 1990-2008

(Million dollars and percentage)

Share in economy's total merchandise imports

a Or nearest year. b Imports are valued f.o.b.

e Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b.

g See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports.

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III. The economic crisis has severely hit sea transportation

Transportation services

In 2008, world exports of transportation services increased by 16 per cent, to US$ 890 billion. Exports grew by more than 20 per cent on aver-age year-on-year during the fi rst nine months of 2008, but in the last quarter, they dropped dramatically in all countries. In Japan and the European Union, they declined by 9 per cent. Singapore recorded a drop of 15 per cent. Exports from Hong Kong, China remained positive, rising by 2 per cent, while US exports of transportation services stagnated.

The economic crisis had an imme-diate effect on sea transport, which accounts for more than 40 per cent of world exports of transportation services. As the global demand for goods declined, the demand for sea transportation services, mainly freight transport, fell signifi cantly. The Baltic Dry Index (BDI),1 which measures the changes in the cost of transporting raw commodities by sea, reached a record level in Spring 2008, refl ecting a high demand for raw materials. However, by December it had dropped by 94 per cent.

According to preliminary data, this negative trend accelerated in the fi rst months of 2009. The United States reported a year-on-year decline of 23 per cent in exports (and 22 per cent in imports) in the period January - May 2009. EU exports are estimated to have declined by 26 per cent in the fi rst quarter of 2009, while Japan’s fell by 36 per cent between January and April compared with the same period in 2008. Exports of the Republic of Korea, which had grown by over 40 per cent on average in the fi rst nine months of 2008, fell by 31 per cent in the fi rst quarter of 2009. In the same period, transport exports from Hong Kong, China declined by 17 per cent (the number of containers handled in its ports fell by 18 per cent). No quarterly Balance of Payments statistics are available for China, but US and EU imports from China show a downward trend.

1 The Baltic Dry Index is a daily average of prices for shipping of raw commodities in dry bulk cargoes on different international shipping routes. The index fluctuates according to the shift in world demand for raw materials. Declining demand resulting in lower transportation prices will push the index downwards while increased demand will lift the index.

IN THIS CHAPTER :

Transportation services

Travel

Other commercial services

Financial services

Measuring construction

Asymmetries in trade in commercial services

The Highlights

III. TRADE IN COMMERCIAL SERVICES

Q1 2008 Q2 2008 Q3 2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009-40.0-30.0-20.0-10.0

0.010.020.030.040.0

Chart III.1

(Percentage change, year-on-year)

World exports of transportation services and world merchandise exports, Q1 2008 - Q1 2009

World merchandise exports World transportation services exports

-30.0

-20.0

-10.0

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

Chart III.2United States and EU(27)Imports of transportation services from China, Q1 2008 - Q1 2009

(Percentage change, year-on-year)

Q1 2008 Q2 2008 Q3 2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009

EU(27)US

Source: US BEA and EUROSTAT.

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International travel is facing diffi cult times

Travel

International travel, whether for lei-sure or for business, is the second services sector, after transport, most severely affected by the global crisis. Quarterly data show that world travel receipts were buoyant in the fi rst two quarters of 2008, increasing 20 per cent on average year-on-year. In the third quarter, their growth decelerated, and in the last quarter of the year they declined by 9 per cent. World travel exports are estimated to have dropped by 18 per cent in the fi rst quarter of 2009.

By the beginning of 2009, virtually all regions had been affected by the economic crisis. In Europe, the European Union travel exports fell by 24 per cent year-on-year in the fi rst quarter of 2009. Turkey, which had enjoyed one of the most rapid growth rates in 2008 (19 per cent), saw its travel receipts fall by 11 per cent in the fi rst quarter. In North America, US travel exports contracted by 9 per cent, while in Canada, they plummeted by 24 per cent. In Asia, Thai-land’s exports decreased by 26 per cent while in Australia the decline was 18 per cent. In Africa, Egypt and Morocco’s travel receipts dropped by 17 per cent and 30 per cent respectively.

The outlook for the sector in 2009 as a whole is bleak. In addition to the adverse economic conditions, the grow-ing fear of the infl uenza pandemic A (H1N1) might have a negative impact on international travel. The World Tourism Organization forecasts a global decline of 4 to 6 per cent of international tourist arrivals in 2009.

Tourism in the least-developed countries (LDCs) has been severely affected

Preliminary data confi rm that tour-ism in the LDCs has been severely affected by the economic downturn. For those countries that are depend-ent on tourism revenues, the impact of the crisis may be dramatic. For the Maldives, where travel exports account for 56 per cent of GDP, travel receipts are expected to decrease by more than 20 per cent in 2009.

-25.0-20.0-15.0-10.0

-5.00.05.0

10.015.020.025.0

Q1 2008 Q2 2008 Q3 2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009

Chart III.3

(Percentage change, year-on-year)

World travel exports, Q1 2008 - Q1 2009

-25.0-20.0-15.0-10.0

-5.00.05.0

10.015.020.0

Chart III.4Maldives - Travel exports and international tourist arrivals, 2007-2009 forecast

(Annual percentage change)

2007 2008 2009(f)

International tourist arrivalsTravel exports

Source : Maldives Monetary Authority and UNWTO.

4.85.86.46.4

11.613.2

21.222.1

26.355.9

1.8

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0

Chart III.5

(Percentage)

Ratio of travel exports to GDP in selected LDCs, 2007

LDCsSenegal

Lao People's Dem. Rep.TanzaniaComorosGambia

CambodiaCape Verde

SamoaVanuatuMaldives

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Cambodia is the largest travel exporter among LDCs. In 2007, travel receipts accounted for 75 per cent of the country’s total exports of commer-cial services and 13 per cent of its GDP.

During the last quarter of 2008, Cambodia’s travel exports stagnated, refl ecting the progressive decline in the number of international tourists.

The economy reported a drop of 6 per cent year-on-year in international tourists in the fi rst quarter of 2009.

Cape Verde, graduating from the LDC group at the end of 2007, is also suffering the repercussions of the recession. Its travel exports, which accounted for 21 per cent of GDP in 2007, plummeted from a year-on-year increase of 36 per cent in the fi rst quar-ter of 2008 to a decline of 32 per cent in the fi rst three months of 2009.

Other commercial services

Other commercial services have not been as badly affected by the economic downturn

World exports of other commercial services increased by 11 per cent in 2008, to US$ 1935 billion, recording their lowest growth since 2002.

This category of services has shown more resilience to the economic reces-sion than transportation services and the travel sector. With an average year-on-year increase of 18 per cent in the fi rst two quarters of 2008, world exports of other commercial services were less dynamic than exports of transportation services. However, their fall following the economic crisis was less severe declining by 5 per cent in the last three months of 2008. In the fi rst quarter of 2009, however, exports were estimated to have declined by 15 per cent globally.

In 2008, the Russian Federation recorded the highest increase in exports, rising by 34 per cent, and mirroring the growth rate of 2007. Thanks to sustained growth in 2008, the Russian Federation has become the tenth-largest exporter of other commercial services, rising from 13th place in 2007. Business, professional and technical services, which account for more than half of the country’s exports of other commercial services, were mainly exported to the European Union, the United States and Switzerland.

n.a.

-10.0

0.0

10.0

20.0

Chart III.6Cambodia - Travel exports and international tourist arrivals,Q1 2008 - Q1 2009

(Percentage change, year-on-year)

Q1 2008 Q2 2008 Q3 2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009

International tourist arrivalsTravel exports

Source: IMF and UNWTO.

Q1 2008 Q2 2008 Q3 2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009-40-30-20-10

01020304050

36%

-32%

Chart III.7

(Percentage change, year-on-year)

Cape Verde - Travel exports, Q1 2008- Q2 2009

Source: Bank of Cape Verde.

Q1 2008 Q2 2008 Q3 2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009-25.0-20.0-15.0-10.0

-5.00.05.0

10.015.020.025.0

Chart III.8

(Percentage change, year-on-year)

World exports of other commercial services, Q1 2008- Q2 2009

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Financial services

Exports of fi nancial services have plummeted

The decrease in exports of other commercial services is largely due to the turmoil in the fi nancial sector. Having recorded the fastest growth within this category in 2007 (32 per cent), world exports of fi nancial services are estimated to have increased by only 2 per cent in 2008, due to the sharp year-on-year drop in the last quarter of 2008 (a decline of 19 per cent). According to preliminary estimates, in the fi rst quarter of 2009 the global decline in exports of fi nancial services is estimated at 26 per cent.

In the Balance of Payments, exports of fi nancial services comprise mainly fees and commissions earned by resident banks (and other fi nancial institutions) arising from fi nancial asset management activities and transac-tions in fi nancial instruments with non-residents. These commissions are primarily related to the value of the managed assets. Following the crisis in the fi nancial markets, the value of assets under management has fallen sharply. This has translated into a net reduction in the commissions and fees earned by resident banks, and thus a collapse in exports of fi nancial services.

The repercussions of the fi nancial crisis are clearly visible in the data of leading exporters of fi nancial services. In Switzerland (including fi nancial services indirectly measured) and the European Union, exports of fi nancial services fell by 20 per cent year-on-year in the last quarter of 2008. In the United States, where the fi nancial crisis originated, exports of fi nancial services declined by 14 per cent in the same period. Preliminary fi gures for the fi rst quarter of 2009 show a further decline in exports for the lead-

ing exporters, ranging from 13 per cent for the United States to an estimated 30 per cent for the European Union. However, some of the sharpest declines in the fi rst quarter of 2009 were recorded in Asian economies, such as in Hong Kong, China (a drop of 32 per cent), Chinese Taipei (53 per cent) and the Republic of Korea (56 per cent).

Q1 2008 Q2 2008 Q3 2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009-30.0

-20.0

-10.0

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

Chart III.9

(Percentage change, year-on-year)

World exports of financial services, Q1 2008 - Q1 2009

-60.0

-40.0

-20.0

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

Chart III.10Quarterly exports of financial services of selected leading exporters, Q1 2008 - Q1 2009

(Percentage change, year-on-year)

EU(27) United States Switzerland Hong Kong, China Korea, Rep. of Taipei, Chinese

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III

Measuring construction

Interpreting construction data is problematic

In the Balance of Payments, construction covers work performed on construction projects and installation of employ-ees of an enterprise in locations outside the economy of this enterprise. However, interpreting construction trade solely based on Balance of Payments data is problematic for two reasons: residency criteria and defi nitions used for compiling this item. In general, a one-year guideline and/or the importance of external operations are used for defi ning residency. For construction, the latter are, for instance, based on the size of projects, the location from which the construction project is conducted (the economy of the contractor or in the economy where the project is taking place), availability of separate accounts for these external operations, defi ning where income tax is payable etc. In other words, compilers should specify if the external operations of contractors are substantial enough to constitute a branch abroad. When they are not branches, the transactions will be recorded as trade in services in the Balance of Payments. If they are branches, they will be captured by other sets of statistics covering resident-to-resident transactions (foreign affi liates statistics). Economies using residency criteria in a fl exible way allocate transactions differently: some will classify most or all international construction projects (however long they last, including large-scale projects) as trade in services, as defi ned in the Balance of Payments (e.g. Japan), whereas others will only consider smaller projects (in general using solely the one-year guideline; larger-scale projects being covered in foreign affi liates statistics, e.g. EU members).

With respect to the defi nition of construction in the Balance of Payments, all economies record in principle the gross value of construction (i.e. inclusive of the value of all goods, services, labour inputs and the operating surplus). Goods used by construction companies for their projects are therefore included. This implies that the “true” services compo-nent tends to be over-estimated. Also, practice differs in the way economies record the costs of materials, services and labour bought within the economy where the construction is taking place. Historically, they were not recorded under construction (many economies are still applying this treatment, e.g. Australia) whereas, according to the most recent guidelines, these costs should be reported under “construction”. This “new” treatment means that for a compiling economy, credits (exports) record both the total value of the construction taking place abroad plus the costs incurred by foreign contractors in the compiling economy for construction projects taking place in this compiling economy. Debits (imports) cover the total value of foreign construction projects taking place in the compiling economy plus the compil-ing economy’s expenses abroad for projects taking place abroad. In other words, data disaggregated into construction abroad (credits and debits) and construction in the compiling economy (credits and debits) provide a sounder basis for analysing trade in construction, which is actually the treatment encouraged in recent statistical guidelines.

The chart illustrates this data issue by presenting trade in construction by the European Union, which is the only set of countries to provide separate data for construction abroad and construction in the economy where the service is taking place. Data are presented for EU construction taking place in Switzerland, and Swiss construction projects taking place in the Euro-pean Union. EU exported construction to Switzer-land in 2007 was worth US$ 820 million, of which US$ 713 million corresponded to the gross value of contracts of EU contractors in Switzerland and US$ 107 million to goods and services acquired by Swiss contractors for construction projects taking place in the European Union. Similarly, the European Union imported US$ 694 million of construction from Switzerland, of which US$ 283 million was the gross value of contracts sold by Switzerland to the European Union and US$ 411 million corresponded to goods and services acquired by EU contractors for construction projects taking place in Switzerland.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900822 693

410

714

283

108

(Million dollars)

Construction in Switzerlandby EU(27) contractors

Total value of constructionExpenditure on goods and services in Switzerland

Construction in EU(27) bySwiss contractors

Total valueof constructionExpenditure on goodsand services in EU(27)

Chart III.11 EU(27) trade in construction with Switzerland, 2007

Exports Imports

120

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III

Asymmetries in trade in commercial services

Discrepancies exist in trade fl ows in services

In theory, world exports and imports of services (the total level and for specifi c services items) should match each other. In practice, this is never the case. Discrepancies between the respective trade fl ows can be quite signifi cant. Reasons for this include misallocations, missing values, the way estimates are produced, and different data collection systems. These differences are often interpreted as an indication of the poor quality of data.

For travel or other commercial serv-ices, for example, world imports tend to be lower than world exports. This sup-ports the general argument that serv-ices export statistics are more reliable than import statistics – due to the fact that a small number of large export-ers are easier to monitor than numer-ous importers of various sizes. World imports of fi nancial services cover only 46 per cent of world exports. One rea-son for this is that for certain types of fi nancial and fund management serv-ices, only exporters may be fully aware of the exported “fees”.

However, there are instances where the reverse is true. For transportation or insurance services, for example, recorded world imports are much larger than world exports. This may be due to different methodologies and data sources employed by countries to estimate these services. To improve data quality, these discrepancies should be addressed at the national level through bilateral reconciliation exercises, especially with major trading partners.

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

Chart III.12

(Ratio)

Discrepancies between world exports and imports data, ratio of exports to imports, percentage, 2007

190.4 118.7 105.1 94.7 91.2 91.2 91.0 88.3 87.4 58.4 45.6Ratio

Insura

nce

servic

es

Transpo

rtation

Royaltie

s and

licence

fees

Commerc

ial

servic

es

Communi

cation

s

servic

es Travel

Construc

tion

servic

es

Other bu

siness

servic

es

Persona

l, cultu

ral

and rec

reation

al

servic

es

Comput

er and

informatio

n

servic

es Financi

al

servic

es

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OR

Y

III

121

1. Overview

Table III.1

(Billion dollars and percentage)

2008 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008

ExportsAll commercial services 3780 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Transportation services 890 23.5 23.2 22.7 22.8 23.6Travel 950 32.0 27.6 26.7 25.6 25.2Other commercial services 1935 44.6 49.2 50.6 51.6 51.2

ImportsAll commercial services 3490 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Transportation services 1045 28.7 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.9Travel 850 29.6 26.9 25.9 25.1 24.4Other commercial services 1595 41.7 44.1 45.1 45.9 45.7

Share

World trade in commercial services by category, 2008

Note : For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.

Value

Table III.2

Growth of commercial services exports by category and by region, 1990-2008

(Annual percentage change)

World North America

South and Central America Europe CIS Africa Middle East Asia

Commercial services1990-95 8 8 9 - - ... ... ...1995-00 5 7 6 ... ... ... ... 42000-08 12 8 11 13 22 ... 14 14

2006 14 12 14 12 23 13 19 172007 20 14 18 21 27 23 14 212008 12 9 15 11 28 13 19 14

Transportation services1990-95 6 4 7 - - ... ... 111995-00 3 3 1 3 ... ... ... 32000-08 13 7 12 13 18 ... 15 13

2006 11 10 10 10 17 17 18 122007 20 12 15 21 20 31 13 232008 16 16 19 16 26 16 15 15

Travel1990-95 9 7 10 - - 9 ... ...1995-00 3 6 7 2 ... 6 ... 22000-08 9 4 8 10 21 13 12 12

2006 10 5 11 8 24 12 14 152007 15 10 13 14 28 17 16 192008 10 11 9 8 23 5 20 12

Other commercial services1990-95 10 12 10 - - ... ... 161995-00 7 11 9 ... ... ... ... 62000-08 14 10 15 15 29 ... 16 15

2006 17 17 20 15 31 9 24 212007 22 17 27 24 36 25 12 222008 11 6 20 10 34 25 21 13

TR

AD

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III

122

2. Transportation services

(Billion dollars and percentage)

2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

ExportsWorld 890 100.0 100.0 13 11 20 16North America 105 17.1 11.7 7 10 12 16South and Central America 25 2.9 2.8 12 10 15 19Europe 443 47.9 49.7 13 10 21 16

European Union (27) 403 42.6 45.2 13 11 21 15Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 31 2.4 3.5 18 17 20 26Africa 26 2.2 2.9 ... 17 31 16Middle East 22 2.1 2.4 15 18 13 15Asia 240 25.4 26.9 13 12 23 15

ImportsWorld 1045 100.0 100.0 12 12 19 16North America 129 18.5 12.3 7 6 5 10South and Central America 45 4.8 4.3 11 15 21 21Europe 398 38.9 38.2 12 11 19 13

European Union (27) 364 35.6 34.8 12 11 18 12Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 26 0.9 2.5 27 37 32 38Africa 53 3.4 5.1 ... 15 29 18Middle East 66 4.5 6.4 17 13 36 24Asia 326 29.0 31.2 13 13 19 18

Note : For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.

Table III.3

World trade in transportation services by region, 2008

Annual percentage changeValue Share

TR

AD

E I

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ME

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SE

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ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

123

(Billion dollars and percentage)

2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

ExportersEuropean Union (27) 402.7 42.6 45.2 13 11 21 15 Extra-EU (27) exports 195.4 ... 21.9 ... 8 19 19United States 90.6 14.5 10.2 8 10 13 17Japan 46.8 7.4 5.3 8 5 12 11Korea, Republic of 43.5 3.9 4.9 16 8 30 30China 38.4 1.1 4.3 34 36 49 23Singapore 28.8 3.4 3.2 12 18 26 2Hong Kong, China 28.5 3.7 3.2 11 10 14 11Norway 21.6 2.8 2.4 11 -1 19 13Russian Federation 15.0 1.0 1.7 20 11 17 27Canada 11.9 2.2 1.3 6 8 6 7India 11.1 0.6 1.2 24 32 18 23Australia 8.9 1.2 1.0 9 3 14 23Egypt 8.2 0.8 0.9 15 16 27 17Turkey 7.8 0.9 0.9 13 -2 32 26Ukraine 7.6 0.8 0.9 13 19 14 25

Above 15 770.0 86.7 86.5 - - - -Importers

European Union (27) 363.6 35.6 34.8 12 11 18 12 Extra-EU (27) imports 162.1 ... 15.5 ... 12 15 16United States 104.7 15.7 10.0 6 5 3 10Japan 54.0 8.0 5.2 6 6 14 10China 50.3 2.5 4.8 22 21 26 16India 41.4 2.1 4.0 22 20 24 34Korea, Republic of 37.2 2.6 3.6 16 15 26 28Singapore 29.8 3.0 2.9 11 17 23 2United Arab Emirates 25.5 1.1 2.4 24 23 42 33Thailand 23.0 1.6 2.2 17 13 11 26Canada 20.3 2.2 1.9 10 13 14 9Australia 15.1 1.5 1.5 12 5 15 16Hong Kong, China 14.9 1.5 1.4 12 11 20 7Norway 14.5 1.2 1.4 14 2 33 10Indonesia 13.8 1.0 1.3 17 10 16 45Russian Federation 13.0 0.6 1.2 24 31 39 39

Above 15 820.0 80.2 78.7 - - - -

Annual percentage change

Leading exporters and importers of transportation services, 2008

Table III.4

Value Share

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

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OR

Y

III

124

Table III.5

(Million dollars and percentage)

Value Share Value Share

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

European Union (27) World 348659 100.0 14 11 21 World 323187 100.0 13 11 18European Union (27) 183950 52.8 16 14 23 European Union (27) 183565 56.8 13 11 21United States 41767 12.0 8 4 3 United States 25290 7.8 6 2 1Switzerland 14084 4.0 22 13 45 Switzerland 9973 3.1 19 16 24China 7619 2.2 23 5 39 China 8845 2.7 27 28 30Japan 6962 2.0 4 4 7 Russian Federation 7574 2.3 20 19 13

Above 5 254381 73.0 - - - Above 5 235249 72.8 - - -Norway 5552 1.6 10 16 22 Japan 6538 2.0 8 6 12Russian Federation 5524 1.6 22 7 26 Norway 5543 1.7 2 9 11Hong Kong, China 5123 1.5 11 -7 39 Hong Kong, China 4812 1.5 16 9 30Canada 4514 1.3 15 28 21 Turkey 4611 1.4 19 9 30Singapore 4408 1.3 20 11 32 Singapore 4170 1.3 15 15 36Korea, Republic of 4156 1.2 16 20 25 Korea, Republic of 2913 0.9 9 13 9India 3790 1.1 28 7 32 Canada 2870 0.9 11 20 16Australia 3711 1.1 13 1 20 Brazil 2124 0.7 15 13 14Brazil 3206 0.9 26 8 19 India 2080 0.6 17 12 18Turkey 2509 0.7 20 13 17 Egypt 1931 0.6 13 1 0

Above 15 296874 85.1 - - - Above 15 272842 84.4 - - -United States

World 77172 100.0 11 10 13 World 95536 100.0 7 5 3European Union (27) 24720 32.0 ... ... ... European Union (27) 36142 37.8 ... ... ...Japan 7509 9.7 3 -7 -1 Japan 7913 8.3 4 3 -2Canada 6741 8.7 9 8 10 Taipei, Chinese 5502 5.8 7 5 1Mexico 3788 4.9 15 18 8 Canada 5315 5.6 6 8 4China 3271 4.2 16 28 15 Korea, Republic of 4602 4.8 4 5 -2

Above 5 46029 59.6 - - - Above 5 59474 62.3 - - -Korea, Republic of 3151 4.1 7 14 12 China 4072 4.3 6 8 5Taipei, Chinese 2792 3.6 11 14 8 Hong Kong, China 3417 3.6 19 30 4Brazil 1713 2.2 19 16 15 Mexico 1855 1.9 -1 0 -2Hong Kong, China 1544 2.0 18 30 13 Singapore 1663 1.7 5 11 0India 1519 2.0 67 169 37 Norway 1367 1.4 0 0 0Israel 1046 1.4 2 11 12 Bermuda 1328 1.4 5 -4 0Switzerland 1000 1.3 2 7 6 Switzerland 1314 1.4 5 5 -5Australia 980 1.3 6 2 6 Australia 1300 1.4 6 6 2Singapore 850 1.1 10 18 12 Israel 962 1.0 1 -7 2Norway 846 1.1 14 5 13 Brazil 777 0.8 8 2 6

Above 15 61471 79.7 - - - Above 15 77529 81.2 - - -Japan

World 42020 100.0 9 5 12 World 49037 100.0 8 6 14European Union (27) 9218 21.9 ... ... ... European Union (27) 11300 23.0 ... ... ...United States 8034 19.1 4 -2 7 United States 5511 11.2 2 -4 0China 3926 9.3 20 14 25 Singapore 3991 8.1 13 15 20Korea, Republic of 3019 7.2 13 13 11 Hong Kong, China 3576 7.3 7 -2 12Singapore 2852 6.8 23 28 22 China 3127 6.4 31 23 10

Above 5 27050 64.4 - - - Above 5 27504 56.1 - - -Hong Kong, China 2702 6.4 4 -8 5 Korea, Republic of 3072 6.3 9 5 11Taipei, Chinese 2320 5.5 11 18 4 Taipei, Chinese 1585 3.2 20 0 32Thailand 1188 2.8 18 25 2 Australia 1029 2.1 -6 -12 12Switzerland 682 1.6 32 8 72 Switzerland 683 1.4 14 3 60Australia 680 1.6 -6 -20 6 Philippines 647 1.3 15 19 -3Malaysia 580 1.4 18 22 15 Thailand 572 1.2 7 6 7Canada 492 1.2 7 8 2 Malaysia 503 1.0 -1 15 9Indonesia 432 1.0 -5 3 -29 United Arab Emirates 429 0.9 77 100 28Philippines 396 0.9 2 -9 2 Canada 360 0.7 -4 -13 -2United Arab Emirates 364 0.9 10 25 32 New Zealand 229 0.5 2 3 6

Above 15 36886 87.8 - - - Above 15 36614 74.7 - - -

Trade in transportation services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2007

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

Exports Imports

TR

AD

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N C

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125

Table III.5 (continued)

(Million dollars and percentage)

Value Share Value Share

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

Korea, Republic of a World 33556 100.0 14 8 30 World 29076 100.0 18 15 26United States 6790 20.2 10 -2 25 European Union (27) 7875 27.1 ... ... ...China 6102 18.2 20 10 36 United States 5940 20.4 12 31 5European Union (27) 4790 14.3 ... ... ... Japan 3113 10.7 7 5 7Japan 3137 9.3 11 3 26 China 2747 9.4 32 16 41

Above 4 20819 62.0 - - - Above 4 19676 67.7 - - -Singapore b, c

World 28336 100.0 19 18 26 World 29098 100.0 18 17 23European Union (27) 4304 15.2 ... ... ... European Union (27) 3763 12.9 ... ... ...United States 3560 12.6 11 0 21 United States 3150 10.8 4 3 9Japan 2349 8.3 15 18 24 China 1207 4.1 19 -3 57China 2148 7.6 26 15 58 Japan 1156 4.0 18 16 22Australia 2129 7.5 19 16 26 Hong Kong, China 720 2.5 19 26 26

Above 5 14489 51.1 - - - Above 5 9996 34.4 - - -India 1238 4.4 ... ... 33 Australia 570 2.0 19 15 33Hong Kong, China 936 3.3 34 40 27 Korea, Republic of 565 1.9 18 12 27Korea, Republic of 924 3.3 16 7 22 India 442 1.5 ... ... 15

Above 8 17587 62.1 - - - Above 8 11573 39.8 - - -Hong Kong, China

World 25581 100.0 14 10 14 World 13925 100.0 17 11 20United States 4817 18.8 15 15 14 China 3582 25.7 17 10 23China 4219 16.5 15 1 28 European Union (27) 2654 19.1 ... ... ...European Union (27) 4124 16.1 ... ... ... United States 1421 10.2 20 14 18Japan 2851 11.1 13 14 13 Singapore 1127 8.1 40 73 29Taipei, Chinese 2762 10.8 3 4 -5 Japan 1123 8.1 17 7 19

Above 5 18773 73.4 - - - Above 5 9907 71.1 - - -Australia 1204 4.7 40 37 7 Australia 645 4.6 6 -9 9Korea, Republic of 833 3.3 5 17 13 Taipei, Chinese 626 4.5 15 13 13Canada 749 2.9 21 24 22 India 328 2.4 26 17 23Malaysia 501 2.0 15 21 20 Canada 314 2.3 14 3 32Singapore 408 1.6 14 -24 21 Thailand 284 2.0 7 7 2India 274 1.1 28 -20 28 United Arab Emirates 283 2.0 21 8 19Thailand 270 1.1 8 12 16 Korea, Republic of 267 1.9 8 11 5Philippines 258 1.0 29 -8 33 Malaysia 205 1.5 15 4 18United Arab Emirates 245 1.0 13 -16 4 Philippines 148 1.1 13 -2 18Israel 169 0.7 13 137 -52 Brazil 105 0.8 -8 -35 3

Above 15 23684 92.6 - - - Above 15 13112 94.2 - - -Russian Federation d

World 11830 100.0 15 11 17 World 9348 100.0 34 31 39European Union (27) 3756 31.8 11 6 16 European Union (27) 1416 15.2 12 22 0Kazakhstan 863 7.3 102 250 117 Ukraine 320 3.4 ... 20 40Switzerland 566 4.8 2 7 -19 Belarus 301 3.2 37 42 46British Virgin Islands 500 4.2 40 14 61 Switzerland 244 2.6 25 5 57Canada 407 3.4 106 409 70 United States 187 2.0 18 28 30

Above 5 6091 51.5 - - - Above 5 2468 26.4 - - -United States 395 3.3 5 0 -11 Kazakhstan 133 1.4 26 29 31China 323 2.7 5 12 -6 British Virgin Islands 125 1.3 85 119 26Ukraine 322 2.7 ... 101 8 Uzbekistan 123 1.3 ... 43 38Japan 305 2.6 10 -5 10 Korea, Republic of 119 1.3 40 39 53Turkey 271 2.3 15 20 36 Turkey 114 1.2 28 27 35Korea, Republic of 247 2.1 9 17 3 United Arab Emirates 102 1.1 46 58 20Belarus 119 1.0 30 42 13 Tajikistan 82 0.9 83 69 61Uzbekistan 110 0.9 ... 67 28 China 79 0.8 23 33 -9Panama 109 0.9 27 2 34 Norway 66 0.7 54 15 202Tajikistan 103 0.9 62 108 140 Azerbaijan 54 0.6 ... 48 11

Above 15 8395 71.0 - - - Above 15 3464 37.1 - - -

Trade in transportation services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2007

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

Exports Imports

TR

AD

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N C

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ICE

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OR

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126

Table III.5 (continued)

(Million dollars and percentage)

Value Share Value Share

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

Canada e World 10470 100.0 ... 8 ... World 16330 100.0 ... 13 ...United States 5131 49.0 ... 7 ... United States 6242 38.2 ... 7 ...European Union (27) f 2848 27.2 ... ... ... European Union (27) f 4385 26.9 ... ... ...Japan 530 5.1 ... 10 ... Hong Kong, China 1278 7.8 ... 12 ...Hong Kong, China 450 4.3 ... 19 ... Singapore 785 4.8 ... 11 ...China 348 3.3 ... 24 ... Japan 504 3.1 ... -1 ...

Above 5 9307 - - - - Above 5 13194 - - - -Korea, Republic of 271 2.6 ... 9 ... China 498 3.0 ... 53 ...Singapore 218 2.1 ... 20 ... Taipei, Chinese 289 1.8 ... 17 ...Taipei, Chinese 167 1.6 ... 22 ... Saudi Arabia 283 1.7 ... 26 ...Australia 130 1.2 ... -15 ... Korea, Republic of 260 1.6 ... 35 ...India 128 1.2 ... 25 ... Russian Federation 200 1.2 ... 9 ...Norway 113 1.1 ... 71 ... Israel 195 1.2 ... 35 ...Brazil 95 0.9 ... 19 ... Norway 179 1.1 ... -10 ...Switzerland 91 0.9 ... -1 ... India 166 1.0 ... 23 ...Israel 88 0.8 ... 21 ... Brazil 132 0.8 ... 105 ...Mexico 84 0.8 ... 4 ... Philippines 132 0.8 ... 12 ...

Above 15 10690 - - - - Above 15 15529 - - - -

f Excluding Bulgaria and Romania. Note: For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.

e 2006 instead of 2007. The geographical breakdown includes government services n.i.e.

a In 2007, trade in transportation services not allocated geographically accounted for 11 per cent of exports and 7 per cent of imports.b Imports of transportation freight services on goods imports are not allocated geographically.c In 2007, ASEAN countries accounted for 11 per cent of transportation services exports and 5 per cent of imports.d In 2007, trade in transportation services not allocated geographically accounted for 18 per cent of exports and 58 per cent of imports.

Trade in transportation services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2007

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

Exports Imports

TR

AD

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N C

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III

127

3. Travel

(Billion dollars and percentage)

2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

ExportsWorld 950 100.0 100.0 9 10 15 10North America 164 24.7 17.2 4 5 10 11South and Central America 42 4.9 4.5 8 11 13 9Europe 451 46.0 47.4 10 8 14 8

European Union (27) 393 41.8 41.3 9 9 14 7Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 21 1.0 2.2 21 24 28 23Africa 40 3.1 4.2 13 12 17 5Middle East 32 2.8 3.3 12 14 16 20Asia 202 17.5 21.2 12 15 19 12

ImportsWorld 850 100.0 100.0 9 8 15 9North America 121 19.8 14.2 5 7 8 6South and Central America 28 3.5 3.2 8 13 26 16Europe 427 47.7 50.1 10 5 16 10

European Union (27) 391 44.6 45.9 9 5 15 10Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 33 2.4 3.8 15 5 22 13Africa 21 1.9 2.5 ... 17 26 12Middle East 48 3.5 5.7 16 29 20 13Asia 175 21.3 20.5 8 8 13 7

Note : For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.

Table III.6

World trade in travel by region, 2008

Annual percentage changeValue Share

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

128

(Billion dollars and percentage)

2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

ExportersEuropean Union (27) 393.2 41.8 41.3 9 9 14 7 Extra-EU (27) exports 108.2 ... 11.4 ... 12 14 4United States 135.2 20.7 14.2 4 5 12 13China 40.8 3.4 4.3 12 16 10 10Australia 25.2 2.0 2.6 13 6 25 12Turkey 21.9 1.6 2.3 14 -7 10 19Thailand 17.6 1.6 1.9 11 40 24 6Macao, China 17.4 0.6 1.8 25 23 38 28Canada 15.3 2.3 1.6 4 7 5 -1Hong Kong, China 15.2 1.2 1.6 13 13 18 10Switzerland 14.4 1.4 1.5 10 8 13 18Malaysia 14.0 1.1 1.5 14 18 24 8Mexico 13.3 1.8 1.4 6 3 6 3Russian Federation 11.9 0.7 1.3 17 30 26 24India 11.8 0.7 1.2 17 15 24 10Croatia 11.3 0.6 1.2 19 8 16 22

Above 15 760.0 81.5 79.7 - - - -Importers

European Union (27) 390.9 44.6 45.9 9 5 15 10 Extra-EU (27) imports 140.8 ... 16.5 ... 5 17 9United States 85.4 15.6 10.0 3 5 5 4China 36.2 3.0 4.2 14 12 22 21Japan 27.9 5.4 3.3 2 -2 -1 5Canada 27.3 2.9 3.2 10 14 20 10Russian Federation 24.9 2.1 2.9 14 5 22 12Korea, Republic of 17.1 1.7 2.0 12 22 17 -22Norway 15.9 1.1 1.9 17 15 21 13Australia 15.9 1.5 1.9 12 4 22 12Hong Kong, China 15.9 2.9 1.9 3 6 7 6Singapore 14.2 1.1 1.7 15 10 12 14United Arab Emirates 13.3 0.7 1.6 20 43 28 18Brazil 11.0 0.9 1.3 14 22 42 34Switzerland 10.9 1.3 1.3 9 5 11 6India 9.6 0.6 1.1 17 11 20 17

Above 15 715.0 85.2 84.0 - - - -

Annual percentage change

Leading exporters and importers of travel, 2008

Table III.7

Value Share

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

129

Table III.8

(Million dollars and percentage)

Value Share Value Share

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

European Union (27) World 366828 100.0 9 9 14 World 356969 100.0 9 5 15European Union (27) 262821 71.6 9 8 14 European Union (27) 227944 63.9 8 5 14United States 26600 7.3 7 12 3 United States 23099 6.5 5 0 15Switzerland 14855 4.0 4 5 11 Switzerland 10108 2.8 9 5 17Norway 8987 2.4 21 20 18 Turkey 8850 2.5 4 -13 13Russian Federation 5465 1.5 24 23 28 Croatia 4749 1.3 14 9 11

Above 5 318728 86.9 - - - Above 5 274751 77.0 - - -Canada 4474 1.2 18 17 22 Egypt 4665 1.3 10 -5 30Australia 3973 1.1 12 7 18 Canada 4373 1.2 13 19 25Japan 2999 0.8 2 4 -2 Thailand 4039 1.1 17 29 14China 2588 0.7 21 23 12 China 3989 1.1 24 6 28Brazil 1929 0.5 32 36 25 Australia 3598 1.0 6 9 1Turkey 1481 0.4 20 10 18 Norway 3436 1.0 14 2 28Mexico 1368 0.4 3 23 -5 Morocco 3272 0.9 18 23 33India 1271 0.3 9 35 5 India 2775 0.8 15 10 23South Africa 1097 0.3 14 1 12 Mexico 2456 0.7 9 -17 48Croatia 1094 0.3 9 8 20 Russian Federation 2412 0.7 1 0 -3

Above 15 341002 93.0 - - - Above 15 309763 86.8 - - -United States a

World 119223 100.0 8 5 12 World 81752 100.0 5 5 5European Union (27) 30618 25.7 ... ... ... European Union (27) 24548 30.0 ... ... ...Canada 13670 11.5 16 13 23 Mexico 10632 13.0 4 2 3Japan 11974 10.0 3 -11 -2 Canada 7381 9.0 0 4 -2Mexico 7565 6.3 5 6 1 Japan 3455 4.2 11 7 13India 4930 4.1 18 11 27 China 2601 3.2 15 4 13

Above 5 68757 57.7 - - - Above 5 48617 59.5 - - -Korea, Republic of 4168 3.5 8 10 -3 India 2105 2.6 23 45 -5China 3881 3.3 21 20 19 Australia 1545 1.9 5 -2 13Australia 2792 2.3 9 11 9 Hong Kong, China 1298 1.6 8 8 10Brazil 2476 2.1 17 21 16 Korea, Republic of 1137 1.4 7 1 10Taipei, Chinese 1799 1.5 8 5 13 Taipei, Chinese 1052 1.3 12 4 14Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 1758 1.5 12 15 21 Brazil 955 1.2 10 11 22Israel 1175 1.0 9 5 11 Switzerland 729 0.9 19 33 25Argentina 931 0.8 16 12 53 Thailand 727 0.9 9 5 -1Switzerland 928 0.8 10 13 15 Argentina 694 0.8 22 40 12Hong Kong, China 703 0.6 9 7 4 New Zealand 672 0.8 3 7 0

Above 15 89368 75.0 - - - Above 15 59531 72.8 - - -Australia

World 22405 100.0 14 6 25 World 14244 100.0 12 4 22European Union (27) 4425 19.7 ... ... ... European Union (27) 3757 26.4 ... ... ...China 2909 13.0 22 8 34 United States 1946 13.7 13 2 23New Zealand 1735 7.7 11 -3 22 New Zealand 1238 8.7 6 6 14India 1552 6.9 43 21 63 Thailand 746 5.2 26 33 35Korea, Republic of 1366 6.1 24 25 26 China 638 4.5 19 9 27

Above 5 11987 53.5 - - - Above 5 8325 58.4 - - -Japan 1320 5.9 -2 -10 -1 Fiji 519 3.6 12 10 8United States 1274 5.7 10 14 16 Hong Kong, China 420 2.9 17 9 22Malaysia 861 3.8 10 -4 27 Indonesia 412 2.9 -8 -46 57Hong Kong, China 799 3.6 4 -5 12 Canada 390 2.7 9 0 17Singapore 720 3.2 9 1 20 Singapore 381 2.7 14 9 19Indonesia 590 2.6 4 1 18 Viet Nam 344 2.4 19 4 41Thailand 539 2.4 12 4 28 Malaysia 330 2.3 12 4 21Canada 444 2.0 17 17 21 Japan 317 2.2 16 -1 41Taipei, Chinese 370 1.7 6 -8 21 India 274 1.9 23 17 30Viet Nam 285 1.3 32 20 55 Philippines 196 1.4 9 5 19

Above 15 19188 85.6 - - - Above 15 11906 83.6 - - -

Trade in travel of selected economies by origin and destination, 2007

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

Exports Imports

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

130

Table III.8 (continued)

(Million dollars and percentage)

Value Share Value Share

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

Canada b World 14689 100.0 ... 7 ... World 20620 100.0 ... 14 ...United States 7662 52.2 ... 3 ... United States 11467 55.6 ... 16 ...European Union (27) c 2657 18.1 ... ... ... European Union (27) c 3860 18.7 ... ... ...Japan 486 3.3 ... -3 ... Mexico 881 4.3 ... 5 ...China 412 2.8 ... 23 ... China 404 2.0 ... 59 ...Hong Kong, China 287 2.0 ... 4 ... Australia 279 1.4 ... 24 ...

Above 5 11503 78.3 - - - Above 5 16891 81.9 - - -Australia 286 1.9 ... 6 ... Japan 167 0.8 ... -12 ...Mexico 283 1.9 ... 23 ... Hong Kong, China 161 0.8 ... -7 ...Korea, Republic of 278 1.9 ... 18 ... Switzerland 137 0.7 ... 21 ...Switzerland 157 1.1 ... 4 ... Thailand 112 0.5 ... -4 ...Taipei, Chinese 145 1.0 ... 4 ... South Africa 102 0.5 ... 12 ...India 130 0.9 ... 25 ... Philippines 100 0.5 ... 75 ...Brazil 118 0.8 ... 52 ... Russian Federation 99 0.5 ... 50 ...Russian Federation 89 0.6 ... 40 ... Barbados 88 0.4 ... 16 ...Malaysia 79 0.5 ... 17 ... Turkey 82 0.4 ... 71 ...Israel 64 0.4 ... 20 ... India 79 0.4 ... 7 ...

Above 15 13133 89.4 - - - Above 15 18018 87.4 - - -Hong Kong, China

World 13758 100.0 15 13 18 World 15042 100.0 4 6 7China 7998 58.1 16 13 23 China 4704 31.3 5 5 9European Union (27) 966 7.0 ... ... ... European Union (27) 1883 12.5 ... ... ...United States 738 5.4 7 -1 9 United States 1738 11.6 5 8 5Taipei, Chinese 533 3.9 10 17 -3 Australia 1311 8.7 4 5 2Japan 489 3.6 3 6 -7 Japan 1200 8.0 8 20 11

Above 5 10724 78.0 - - - Above 5 10836 72.0 - - -Australia 401 2.9 20 17 13 Canada 788 5.2 5 4 14Korea, Republic of 360 2.6 32 27 36 Taipei, Chinese 707 4.7 8 0 21Singapore 360 2.6 18 15 20 Thailand 607 4.0 -3 1 0Philippines 257 1.9 19 19 23 Macao, China 469 3.1 9 10 11Canada 214 1.6 17 14 24 Singapore 336 2.2 5 -7 -2Malaysia 213 1.5 19 22 23 Korea, Republic of 247 1.6 -12 -33 2Thailand 202 1.5 10 9 6 Malaysia 192 1.3 2 -7 8Indonesia 192 1.4 18 24 16 Philippines 183 1.2 0 1 7Macao, China 174 1.3 21 27 9 New Zealand 144 1.0 3 8 2India 139 1.0 12 12 0 Indonesia 111 0.7 10 17 8

Above 15 13236 96.2 - - - Above 15 14620 97.2 - - -Russian Federation d

World 9607 100.0 20 30 26 World 22133 100.0 13 5 22European Union (27) 3493 36.4 12 9 24 European Union (27) 9548 43.1 10 2 19Ukraine 1070 11.1 ... 32 14 Turkey 2530 11.4 11 -12 34Uzbekistan 689 7.2 ... 163 114 Egypt 1613 7.3 31 33 28Tajikistan 510 5.3 65 191 69 Ukraine 1520 6.9 ... -16 21United States 452 4.7 8 39 -2 China 1101 5.0 11 8 20

Above 5 6214 64.7 - - - Above 5 16311 73.7 - - -China 423 4.4 15 52 6 United Arab Emirates 497 2.2 12 18 20Kazakhstan 416 4.3 15 2 24 United States 459 2.1 9 12 7Turkey 369 3.8 26 54 2 Kazakhstan 449 2.0 20 19 10Moldova 285 3.0 ... 95 43 Thailand 448 2.0 41 107 60Azerbaijan 232 2.4 ... 32 14 Switzerland 372 1.7 7 8 12Kyrgyz Republic 229 2.4 71 131 102 Israel 343 1.6 12 -11 29Armenia 213 2.2 ... 55 42 Serbia 271 1.2 ... ... ...Korea, Republic of 130 1.4 17 17 37 Croatia 199 0.9 27 37 39Belarus 122 1.3 18 61 10 Tunisia 195 0.9 ... 11 44Japan 122 1.3 5 22 0 Japan 194 0.9 -1 -11 13

Above 15 8756 91.1 - - - Above 15 19738 89.2 - - -

Trade in travel of selected economies by origin and destination, 2007

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

Exports Imports

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

131

Table III.8 (continued)

(Million dollars and percentage)

Value Share Value Share

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

JapanWorld 9345 100.0 16 28 10 World 26511 100.0 -2 -2 -1China 2304 24.7 ... ... 7 United States 7003 26.4 ... ... -9Korea, Republic of 1844 19.7 ... ... 21 European Union (27) 4185 15.8 ... ... ...Taipei, Chinese 1473 15.8 ... ... 5 Korea, Republic of 2694 10.2 ... ... 5United States 844 9.0 ... ... 2 China 2487 9.4 ... ... 12European Union (27) 832 8.9 ... ... ... Taipei, Chinese 1236 4.7 ... ... 10

Above 5 7297 78.1 - - - Above 5 17605 66.4 - - -Hong Kong, China 434 4.6 ... ... 21 Thailand 1096 4.1 ... ... 7Australia 210 2.2 ... ... 12 Australia 1091 4.1 ... ... -25Thailand 192 2.1 ... ... 30 Hong Kong, China 996 3.8 ... ... 7Canada 169 1.8 ... ... 3 Canada 586 2.2 ... ... -4Singapore 157 1.7 ... ... 28 Indonesia 546 2.1 ... ... 6Malaysia 130 1.4 ... ... 15 Singapore 536 2.0 ... ... 8Philippines 94 1.0 ... ... -6 Philippines 425 1.6 ... ... 7Indonesia 80 0.9 ... ... 11 Malaysia 309 1.2 ... ... 6India 71 0.8 ... ... 8 Switzerland 223 0.8 ... ... -2Russian Federation 66 0.7 ... ... 4 New Zealand 217 0.8 ... ... -16

Above 15 8901 95.2 - - - Above 15 23628 89.1 - - -Korea, Republic of e

World 6138 100.0 0 0 6 World 21975 100.0 21 22 17Japan 1280 20.9 -20 -12 -33 United States 6268 28.5 27 24 24China 1173 19.1 16 22 23 Japan 4476 20.4 28 27 31United States 954 15.5 9 11 6 China 2532 11.5 13 15 -6European Union (27) 539 8.8 ... ... ... European Union (27) 1946 8.9 ... ... ...

Above 4 3946 64.3 - - - Above 4 15221 69.3 - - -

b 2006 instead of 2007.c Excluding Bulgaria and Romania.

Trade in travel of selected economies by origin and destination, 2007

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

Exports Imports

a Health-related expenditure and expenditure by seasonal and border workers are not allocated geographically. In 2007, they accounted for 6 per cent of travel exports and 1.3 per cent of imports.

d In 2007, trade in travel not allocated geographically accounted for 1 per cent of exports and 5 per cent of imports.e In 2007, trade in travel not allocated geographically accounted for 19 per cent of exports and 13 per cent of imports.Note: For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

132

4. Other commercial services

(Billion dollars and percentage)

2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

ExportsWorld 1935 100.0 100.0 14 17 22 11North America 336 23.4 17.4 10 17 17 6South and Central America 41 2.0 2.1 15 20 27 20Europe 1043 50.3 53.9 15 15 24 10

European Union (27) 958 45.0 49.5 16 15 24 10Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 32 0.6 1.6 29 31 36 34Africa 22 1.4 1.1 ... 9 25 25Middle East 44 2.0 2.3 16 24 12 21Asia 417 20.3 21.5 15 21 22 13

ImportsWorld 1595 100.0 100.0 13 14 20 12North America 230 17.5 14.4 10 18 13 7South and Central America 45 3.2 2.8 11 14 17 20Europe 801 48.3 50.2 13 11 21 10

European Union (27) 758 46.0 47.6 13 12 21 10Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 56 1.5 3.5 26 19 36 29Africa 47 2.6 2.9 ... 14 34 15Middle East 53 2.5 3.3 17 24 34 18Asia 363 24.4 22.8 12 16 19 14

Table III.9

World trade in other commercial services by region, 2008

Note : For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.

Annual percentage changeValue Share

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

133

(Billion dollars and percentage)

2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

ExportersEuropean Union (27) 958.1 45.0 49.5 16 15 24 10 Extra-EU (27) exports 439.6 ... 22.7 ... 15 26 10United States 295.6 19.6 15.3 11 18 18 7Japan 88.8 6.0 4.6 11 16 10 17India 79.7 ... 4.1 ... 40 24 18China 67.2 1.6 3.5 27 25 46 27Switzerland 54.3 2.8 2.8 15 13 23 15Hong Kong, China 48.7 3.3 2.5 11 17 17 7Singapore 43.5 1.7 2.2 18 22 27 1Canada 37.6 3.2 1.9 8 9 10 2Russian Federation 23.7 0.4 1.2 32 35 34 34Korea, Republic of 21.5 1.4 1.1 11 20 31 -3Taipei, Chinese 21.3 1.8 1.1 7 19 9 12Norway 19.3 0.9 1.0 16 34 27 13Brazil 17.6 0.9 0.9 15 30 33 30Israel 14.8 1.3 0.8 7 17 6 10

Above 15 1790.0 91.4 92.6 - - - -Importers

European Union (27) 758.2 46.0 47.6 13 12 21 10 Extra-EU (27) imports 317.8 ... 19.9 ... 10 23 14United States 177.8 12.4 11.2 11 22 14 8Japan 85.6 8.0 5.4 7 17 14 17China 71.5 2.0 4.5 25 26 35 27Canada 39.0 3.6 2.4 8 8 10 1Korea, Republic of 37.5 2.4 2.4 12 16 19 21Russian Federation 36.7 0.8 2.3 28 23 39 40Singapore 34.9 2.0 2.2 14 21 12 5India 32.6 ... 2.0 ... 32 20 3Brazil 23.0 1.2 1.4 15 18 21 28Saudi Arabia a 19.5 ... 1.2 ... ... ... ...Thailand 18.1 1.0 1.1 15 38 24 22Switzerland 17.5 0.6 1.1 21 -1 24 10Hong Kong, China 15.1 1.0 0.9 13 12 20 12Australia 14.5 1.0 0.9 12 9 32 28

Above 15 1380.0 84.5 86.7 - - - -

a Secretariat estimate.

Annual percentage change

Leading exporters and importers of other commercial services, 2008

Table III.10

Value Share

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

134

Table III.11

(Million dollars and percentage)

Value Share Value Share

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

European Union (27) World 871143 100.0 17 15 24 World 691434 100.0 14 12 21European Union (27) 471577 54.1 16 15 22 European Union (27) 412056 59.6 15 13 20United States 122599 14.1 14 14 26 United States 119927 17.3 11 7 18Switzerland 54680 6.3 15 9 27 Switzerland 38391 5.6 13 0 29Japan 16407 1.9 7 -8 20 Japan 10594 1.5 16 15 16Russian Federation 14945 1.7 41 26 58 Norway 7004 1.0 20 17 28

Above 5 680208 78.1 - - - Above 5 587971 85.0 - - -China 13812 1.6 36 9 58 Russian Federation 6032 0.9 27 6 40Norway 11399 1.3 17 6 40 China 5584 0.8 29 46 20Singapore 10643 1.2 19 31 14 Canada 5551 0.8 19 12 28India 7695 0.9 67 68 62 Hong Kong, China 5447 0.8 24 30 40Australia 6962 0.8 27 19 39 Singapore 4955 0.7 18 7 27Canada 6826 0.8 17 12 24 India 4490 0.6 34 20 47Hong Kong, China 5437 0.6 7 -21 21 Australia 3315 0.5 20 4 36Korea, Republic of 4871 0.6 16 11 12 Turkey 2573 0.4 17 18 32Turkey 4832 0.6 25 39 25 Brazil 2297 0.3 23 33 16South Africa 4147 0.5 12 14 12 Korea, Republic of 2129 0.3 14 14 19

Above 15 756834 86.9 - - - Above 15 630344 91.2 - - -United States

World 276285 100.0 15 18 18 World 164386 100.0 14 22 14European Union (27) 121171 43.9 ... ... ... European Union (27) 72660 44.2 ... ... ...Canada 21827 7.9 13 17 13 Bermuda 14834 9.0 3 23 1Japan 20132 7.3 5 9 -3 Japan 13141 8.0 9 9 4Switzerland 13531 4.9 15 14 24 Switzerland 12906 7.9 22 20 12Mexico 12044 4.4 12 3 17 Canada 11921 7.3 11 12 7

Above 5 188704 68.3 - - - Above 5 125463 76.3 - - -China 6812 2.5 28 32 32 India 6961 4.2 72 62 43Australia 6515 2.4 19 19 31 Mexico 3140 1.9 14 16 23Bermuda 6399 2.3 16 29 10 Australia 3113 1.9 26 8 39Singapore 5667 2.1 9 47 -15 Brazil 2296 1.4 57 163 27Brazil 5494 2.0 34 40 45 Hong Kong, China 2172 1.3 9 -5 30Korea, Republic of 5199 1.9 17 26 6 China 2097 1.3 43 79 37Hong Kong, China 3457 1.3 20 15 24 Singapore 1829 1.1 23 -3 16India 2759 1.0 39 47 62 Israel 1482 0.9 22 26 23Saudi Arabia 2457 0.9 26 24 49 Philippines 869 0.5 27 48 35Taipei, Chinese 2278 0.8 3 28 -28 Korea, Republic of 824 0.5 19 29 15

Above 15 235741 85.3 - - - Above 15 150246 91.4 - - -Japan

World 75694 100.0 14 16 10 World 73136 100.0 11 17 14United States 24599 32.5 10 16 7 United States 30144 41.2 9 13 7European Union (27) 22890 30.2 ... ... ... European Union (27) 17186 23.5 ... ... ...Singapore 6934 9.2 28 47 13 Singapore 3426 4.7 16 21 24Taipei, Chinese 5208 6.9 21 10 32 China 2457 3.4 18 16 25Thailand 2836 3.7 38 41 18 Switzerland 1992 2.7 18 23 26

Above 5 62467 82.5 - - - Above 5 55204 75.5 - - -Korea, Republic of 2550 3.4 33 -8 92 Australia 1592 2.2 40 32 99China 1925 2.5 -10 -28 -15 United Arab Emirates 1453 2.0 39 89 44Canada 1431 1.9 -4 -14 -5 Korea, Republic of 1376 1.9 16 15 11Indonesia 1069 1.4 -5 16 -7 Taipei, Chinese 1327 1.8 -8 -11 0Saudi Arabia 1050 1.4 94 ... 49 Hong Kong, China 1309 1.8 5 7 7Switzerland 1011 1.3 3 39 -3 Thailand 1112 1.5 25 38 2Philippines 878 1.2 16 -17 76 Saudi Arabia 1020 1.4 40 152 84India 832 1.1 37 23 61 Indonesia 968 1.3 10 15 8Australia 758 1.0 4 -12 -3 Canada 695 1.0 15 6 38United Arab Emirates 654 0.9 -3 59 -47 Philippines 658 0.9 18 50 17

Above 15 74624 98.6 - - - Above 15 66714 91.2 - - -

Trade in other commercial services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2007

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

Exports Imports

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

135

Table III.11 (continued)

(Million dollars and percentage)

Value Share Value Share

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

Hong Kong, China a World 45304 100.0 16 17 17 World 13483 100.0 14 12 20United States 12274 27.1 18 22 18 United States 3077 22.8 11 5 17European Union (27) 10440 23.0 ... ... ... China 2985 22.1 11 9 14China 8481 18.7 6 5 8 European Union (27) 2699 20.0 ... ... ...Japan 2422 5.3 16 20 15 Japan 1175 8.7 5 -4 7Singapore 1730 3.8 20 34 27 Singapore 904 6.7 22 32 22

Above 5 35347 78.0 - - - Above 5 10840 80.4 - - -Taipei, Chinese 1345 3.0 7 -5 11 Taipei, Chinese 320 2.4 8 11 -2Korea, Republic of 1054 2.3 28 45 15 Malaysia 265 2.0 41 76 38Australia 523 1.2 12 18 14 Australia 263 2.0 9 14 19Canada 423 0.9 6 -6 23 Korea, Republic of 229 1.7 3 -9 19Indonesia 340 0.8 40 37 31 Switzerland 217 1.6 11 19 23Thailand 330 0.7 18 1 -7 Thailand 110 0.8 19 23 3Malaysia 324 0.7 11 -5 26 Indonesia 105 0.8 10 2 6Macao, China 308 0.7 20 -17 44 Macao, China 86 0.6 12 -13 46India 279 0.6 -1 80 4 Canada 80 0.6 4 -3 21Philippines 109 0.2 9 -48 49 Philippines 73 0.5 17 13 20

Above 15 40382 89.1 - - - Above 15 12588 93.4 - - -Singapore b, c

World 42992 100.0 21 22 27 World 33136 100.0 14 21 12United States 6484 15.1 31 49 23 United States 10042 30.3 14 8 22European Union (27) 5684 13.2 ... ... ... European Union (27) 7225 21.8 ... ... ...Japan 4095 9.5 ... ... 13 Japan 2566 7.7 4 52 -18Hong Kong, China 2624 6.1 16 3 29 Hong Kong, China 1603 4.8 24 33 25China 2170 5.0 21 15 46 Australia 1071 3.2 18 26 35

Above 5 21058 49.0 - - - Above 5 22507 67.9 - - -Korea, Republic of 1779 4.1 16 5 28 China 885 2.7 16 38 25India 1220 2.8 ... ... 39 India 806 2.4 ... ... 35Australia 1163 2.7 ... ... -2 Korea, Republic of 452 1.4 ... ... 13

Above 8 25220 58.7 - - - Above 8 24650 74.4 - - -Canada d

World 33855 100.0 ... 9 ... World 34969 100.0 ... 8 ...United States 19075 56.3 ... 2 ... United States 23466 67.1 ... 2 ...European Union (27) e 5335 15.8 ... ... ... European Union (27) e 3788 10.8 ... ... ...Bermuda 1508 4.5 ... 24 ... Japan 1817 5.2 ... 40 ...Switzerland 816 2.4 ... 135 ... Bermuda 1254 3.6 ... 8 ...Barbados 712 2.1 ... -21 ... Switzerland 1061 3.0 ... 45 ...

Above 5 27447 81.1 - - - Above 5 31386 89.8 - - -Hong Kong, China 311 0.9 ... 169 ... Barbados 942 2.7 ... 8 ...Japan 309 0.9 ... 4 ... Australia 192 0.5 ... 25 ...Australia 252 0.7 ... 27 ... Norway 150 0.4 ... 37 ...China 227 0.7 ... 3 ... Hong Kong, China 123 0.4 ... -6 ...Mexico 196 0.6 ... -18 ... India 110 0.3 ... 102 ...Russian Federation 160 0.5 ... 45 ... China 108 0.3 ... 3 ...Malaysia 121 0.4 ... 42 ... Singapore 105 0.3 ... 478 ...Brazil 108 0.3 ... 17 ... Russian Federation 72 0.2 ... -16 ...Singapore 95 0.3 ... 67 ... Malaysia 67 0.2 ... 139 ...Korea, Republic of 87 0.3 ... 36 ... Mexico 64 0.2 ... 8 ...

Above 15 29313 86.6 - - - Above 15 33319 95.3 - - -Korea, Republic of f

World 22034 100.0 23 20 31 World 31057 100.0 17 16 19United States 7239 32.9 18 14 33 United States 9966 32.1 14 16 9European Union (27) 5654 25.7 ... ... ... European Union (27) 6954 22.4 ... ... ...Japan 2284 10.4 6 2 12 China 3562 11.5 22 23 25China 1668 7.6 29 51 31 Japan 2225 7.2 10 5 15

Above 4 16846 76.5 - - - Above 4 22706 73.1 - - -

Trade in other commercial services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2007

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

Exports Imports

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

136

Table III.11 (continued)

(Million dollars and percentage)

Value Share Value Share

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

Russian Federation g World 17683 100.0 35 35 34 World 26204 100.0 26 23 39European Union (27) 8430 47.7 36 37 41 European Union (27) 14284 54.5 37 25 48United States 2337 13.2 31 24 34 Turkey 2721 10.4 42 53 37Turkey 901 5.1 47 35 28 United States 2431 9.3 12 35 28Switzerland 606 3.4 37 32 14 Switzerland 846 3.2 19 27 28Kazakhstan 507 2.9 30 31 45 Panama 825 3.1 29 12 24

Above 5 12781 72.3 - - - Above 5 21107 80.5 - - -British Virgin Islands 456 2.6 38 23 60 Ukraine 619 2.4 ... 30 34Ukraine 364 2.1 ... 18 23 Belarus 262 1.0 9 1 34Bermuda 310 1.8 ... 239 143 Serbia 244 0.9 ... ... ...Belarus 238 1.3 27 20 34 British Virgin Islands 194 0.7 46 74 -5Panama 203 1.2 74 134 47 China 186 0.7 62 108 96Cayman Islands 183 1.0 ... 20 20 Kazakhstan 183 0.7 24 9 72Japan 156 0.9 21 57 -26 Korea, Republic of 119 0.5 69 97 -23Uzbekistan 153 0.9 ... 50 123 Canada 113 0.4 38 62 30India 150 0.8 -3 6 -1 Channel Islands 102 0.4 48 60 68Korea, Republic of 133 0.8 22 32 16 Japan 99 0.4 37 18 49

Above 15 15127 85.5 - - - Above 15 23229 88.6 - - -

a Financial intermediation services are not allocated geographically. In 2007, they accounted for 4 per cent of other commercial services exports and 1 per cent of imports.

Note: For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.

b The following transactions are not allocated geographically: financial services exports related to foreign exchange trading and imports of insurance on goods imports.c In 2007, ASEAN countries accounted for 15 per cent of other commercial services exports and for 6 per cent of imports. Exports to Japan and Australia and imports from the Republic of Korea do not include transactions in construction as well as in personal, cultural, and recreational services.

f In 2007, trade in other commercial services not allocated geographically represented 7 per cent of exports and 6 per cent of imports. g In 2007, trade in other commercial services not allocated geographically represented 4 per cent of exports and 5 per cent of imports.

d 2006 instead of 2007. e Excluding Bulgaria and Romania.

Trade in other commercial services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2007

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

Exports Imports

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

137

4.1. Communications services

Table III.12

World exports of communications services by region, 2007

(Billion dollars and percentage)

2007 2000 2007 2000-07 2005 2006 2007

ExportsWorld 80 ... 100.0 ... ... ... 16North America 11 ... 13.8 ... ... ... 10South and Central America 3 ... 3.7 6 12 1 11Europe 45 ... 55.2 15 15 15 17

European Union (27) 42 ... 51.6 ... 16 17 17Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 2 ... 2.6 17 34 20 38Asia 11 ... 13.3 8 16 12 11

Annual percentage changeValue Share

Rank Exporters ValueShare in 15 economies

Annual percentage

change Rank Importers ValueShare in 15 economies

Annual percentage

change

1 European Union (27) 41915 60.7 17 1 European Union (27) 41436 66.6 14 Extra-EU (27) exports 13654 19.8 29 Extra-EU (27) imports 14071 22.6 20

2 United States 8606 12.5 13 2 United States 7897 12.7 133 Kuwait a 4667 6.8 37 3 Canada 1908 3.1 194 India 2288 3.3 10 4 Singapore 1317 2.1 275 Canada 2231 3.2 5 5 Russian Federation 1298 2.1 426 Indonesia 1343 1.9 22 6 China 1082 1.7 427 Russian Federation 1272 1.8 58 7 Hong Kong, China 1080 1.7 18 China 1175 1.7 59 8 Japan 1029 1.7 419 Switzerland 1068 1.5 -3 9 Korea, Republic of 913 1.5 -10

10 Singapore 964 1.4 30 10 Malaysia a 846 1.4 3011 Hong Kong, China 866 1.3 4 11 Switzerland 801 1.3 012 Egypt 757 1.1 53 12 Australia 758 1.2 1813 Bahrain 666 1.0 5 13 India 714 1.1 2214 Malaysia a 599 0.9 -7 14 Indonesia 641 1.0 1215 Australia 598 0.9 -7 15 Egypt 471 0.8 53

Above 15 69015 100.0 - Above 15 62190 100.0 -

a Telecommunications services.Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. See the Metadata.

Major exporters and importers of communications services, 2007

Table III.13

(Million dollars and percentage)

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

138

4.1.1. Telecommunications services

Table III.15

(Million dollars and percentage)

Value Share Value Share

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

European Union (27) United StatesWorld 34028 100.0 17 19 18 World 8283 100.0 ... ... 14European Union (27) 23537 69.2 16 19 12 European Union (27) 2664 32.2 ... ... ...United States 2980 8.8 8 13 18 Brazil 1073 13.0 ... ... 96Switzerland 1108 3.3 15 17 45 Canada 705 8.5 ... ... -2Norway 529 1.6 28 28 13 Mexico 405 4.9 ... ... 5Russian Federation 382 1.1 35 60 30 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 296 3.6 ... ... 38

Above 5 28536 83.9 - - - Above 5 5143 62.1 - - -Australia 291 0.9 26 1 75 Japan 273 3.3 ... ... 4Canada 238 0.7 15 16 32 Argentina 247 3.0 ... ... 27Turkey 207 0.6 39 45 44 Switzerland 178 2.1 ... ... 1India 166 0.5 37 63 34 Philippines 151 1.8 ... ... -11Japan 165 0.5 -22 -62 29 China 146 1.8 ... ... 11South Africa 165 0.5 35 59 43 India 136 1.6 ... ... 10Hong Kong, China 158 0.5 29 15 45 Australia 126 1.5 ... ... -2Brazil 154 0.5 25 39 43 Korea, Republic of 106 1.3 ... ... -17Nigeria 145 0.4 66 124 54 Hong Kong, China 91 1.1 ... ... 28Singapore 136 0.4 34 42 71 Chile 78 0.9 ... ... 20

Above 15 30362 89.2 - - - Above 15 6675 80.6 - - -

Exports of telecommunications services of selected economies by destination, 2007

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

Rank Exporters ValueShare in 15 economies

Annual percentage

change Rank Importers ValueShare in 15 economies

Annual percentage

change

1 European Union (27) 34028 61.8 18 1 European Union (27) 33691 70.5 14 Extra-EU (27) exports 10491 19.0 35 Extra-EU (27) imports 10880 22.8 20

2 United States 8283 15.0 14 2 United States 7334 15.3 153 Kuwait 4667 8.5 37 3 Russian Federation 1271 2.7 414 Canada a 1505 2.7 ... 4 Canada a 1090 2.3 ...5 Russian Federation 1184 2.1 60 5 Malaysia 846 1.8 306 India a 1144 2.1 ... 6 Korea, Republic of 681 1.4 117 Malaysia 599 1.1 -7 7 Australia 409 0.9 28 Hong Kong, China 556 1.0 -2 8 India a 357 0.7 ...9 Philippines 517 0.9 -10 9 Israel 346 0.7 9

10 Turkey 506 0.9 22 10 Hong Kong, China 341 0.7 -211 Korea, Republic of 482 0.9 14 11 South Africa 322 0.7 3912 Norway 465 0.8 46 12 Norway 315 0.7 3913 Morocco 401 0.7 4 13 Argentina 310 0.6 1714 Mexico 400 0.7 -14 14 Turkey 294 0.6 1915 Croatia 360 0.7 23 15 Lebanon 210 0.4 -3

Above 15 55100 100.0 - Above 15 47815 100.0 -

a Secretariat estimate.Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain major traders in communications services do no report the item telecommunications services separately, they may not appear in the list. Transactions on telecommunications services are often reported on a net rather than a gross basis. See the Metadata.

Major exporters and importers of telecommunications services, 2007

Table III.14

(Million dollars and percentage)

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

139

4.2. Construction

Table III.16

World exports of construction by region, 2007

(Billion dollars and percentage)

2007 2000 2007 2000-07 2005 2006 2007

ExportsWorld 70 100.0 100.0 14 20 17 23North America 1 ... 2.1 ... ... ... 62South and Central America 0 1.4 0.3 -9 11 21 -1Europe 41 62.6 58.1 12 23 13 19

European Union (27) 38 ... 54.3 ... 26 12 19Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 4 1.0 5.6 45 37 37 11Asia 21 29.1 29.5 14 12 22 31

Annual percentage changeValue Share

Rank Exporters ValueShare in 15 economies

Annual percentage

change Rank Importers ValueShare in 15 economies

Annual percentage

change

1 European Union (27) 38430 58.4 19 1 European Union (27) 26042 41.2 29 Extra-EU (27) exports 21649 32.9 28 Extra-EU (27) imports 10519 16.6 22

2 Japan 10322 15.7 15 2 Japan 7938 12.6 283 China 5377 8.2 95 3 Russian Federation 6454 10.2 404 Russian Federation 3450 5.2 13 4 Saudi Arabia b 6318 10.0 ...5 Malaysia 1378 2.1 32 5 Kazakhstan 4352 6.9 346 United States a 1170 1.8 76 6 China 2910 4.6 427 Egypt 984 1.5 129 7 Angola 2634 4.2 788 Turkey 856 1.3 -9 8 Malaysia 1699 2.7 299 India b 845 1.3 ... 9 Azerbaijan 1471 2.3 13

10 Singapore 698 1.1 26 10 Indonesia 740 1.2 -2511 Israel 665 1.0 31 11 India b 691 1.1 ...12 Thailand 518 0.8 54 12 Thailand 640 1.0 1013 Indonesia 459 0.7 1 13 United States 612 1.0 414 Hong Kong, China 346 0.5 29 14 Taipei, Chinese 371 0.6 2615 Norway 342 0.5 4 15 New Caledonia 322 0.5 172

Above 15 65840 100.0 - Above 15 63195 100.0 -

b Secretariat estimate.

Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain economies do not report this item separately, they may not appear in the list (e.g., Switzerland, United Arab Emirates). See the Metadata.

a Data are presented net of merchandise exports by the United States for construction (33 million dollars) and net of outlays for wages, services, materials, and other expenses bought in the economy where the construction is taking place (2,256 million dollars).

Major exporters and importers of construction, 2007

Table III.17

(Million dollars and percentage)

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

140

Table III.18

(Million dollars and percentage)

Value Share Value Share

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

European Union (27) JapanWorld 38430 100.0 19 12 19 World 10322 100.0 15 24 15European Union (27) 16782 43.7 15 10 10 United Arab Emirates 1925 18.6 42 31 29Norway 1335 3.5 8 -13 56 Saudi Arabia 1465 14.2 35 172 7Russian Federation 1226 3.2 17 -11 32 Thailand 553 5.4 33 68 -24United States 1157 3.0 -2 -9 -5 Philippines 497 4.8 73 28 271Nigeria 1118 2.9 16 28 -18 Taipei, Chinese 429 4.2 -31 -21 -35

Above 5 21617 56.3 - - - Above 5 4869 47.2 - - -Switzerland 822 2.1 8 13 1 Singapore 354 3.4 9 11 58China 740 1.9 11 -8 -6 European Union (27) 330 3.2 ... ... ...Brazil 555 1.4 71 29 42 Indonesia 307 3.0 -25 24 -41India 481 1.3 27 -17 88 Viet Nam 282 2.7 47 24 -2South Africa 434 1.1 27 39 75 Malaysia 251 2.4 44 -5 111Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 283 0.7 48 42 -28 Russian Federation 193 1.9 59 30 -25Canada 279 0.7 34 66 8 United States 179 1.7 18 49 -30Egypt 264 0.7 31 114 -29 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 176 1.7 7 -17 -27Iran, Islamic Rep. of 261 0.7 -15 -27 -3 China 123 1.2 -32 -35 -30Turkey 235 0.6 13 5 41 Australia 112 1.1 72 49 219

Above 15 25971 67.6 - - - Above 15 7175 69.5 - - -Russian Federation a Singapore b

World 3450 100.0 30 38 13 World 698 100.0 3 2 26European Union (27) 1449 42.0 23 42 31 China 74 10.6 -27 9 -20Turkey 698 20.2 45 28 20 United States 56 8.0 44 -26 88United States 160 4.6 -3 -14 -34 European Union (27) 30 4.2 ... ... ...Cayman Islands 115 3.3 ... 0 23 India 22 3.2 ... ... 138Uzbekistan 95 2.8 ... 146 188 Korea, Republic of 2 0.4 -5 -67 105

Above 5 2518 73.0 - - - Above 5 184 26.4 - - -

b In 2007, ASEAN countries accounted for 44 per cent of construction exports.

Exports of construction of selected economies by destination, 2007

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

a In 2007, construction not allocated geographically represented 3 per cent of exports.

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

141

4.3. Insurance services

Table III.19

World exports of insurance services by region, 2007

(Billion dollars and percentage)

2007 2000 2007 2000-07 2005 2006 2007

ExportsWorld 75 100.0 100.0 17 -13 28 21North America 16 28.8 21.3 12 8 19 9South and Central America 2 4.0 3.0 12 35 8 47Europe 46 51.2 60.9 20 -25 36 27

European Union (27) 40 ... 53.1 ... -27 40 27Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 1 0.2 0.8 39 31 31 7Asia 8 11.8 11.0 16 4 26 13

Annual percentage changeValue Share

Rank Exporters ValueShare in 15 economies

Annual percentage

change Rank Importers ValueShare in 15 economies

Annual percentage

change

1 European Union (27) 40189 57.4 27 1 United States 42761 35.4 14 Extra-EU (27) exports 20257 28.9 41 2 European Union (27) 31482 26.1 14

2 United States 10287 14.7 2 Extra-EU (27) imports 10778 8.9 163 Switzerland 4857 6.9 30 3 Mexico 10936 9.1 184 Canada 3788 5.4 12 4 China 10664 8.8 215 Mexico 1999 2.9 58 5 Canada 6123 5.1 126 Singapore 1697 2.4 7 6 Japan 4118 3.4 -107 India 1504 2.1 35 7 India 3203 2.7 198 Japan 1343 1.9 -15 8 Singapore 2445 2.0 179 China 904 1.3 65 9 Thailand 1916 1.6 7

10 Bahrain 819 1.2 12 10 Turkey 1542 1.3 3511 Turkey 645 0.9 24 11 Brazil 1308 1.1 7312 Australia 599 0.9 13 12 Egypt 1282 1.1 3113 Brazil 543 0.8 67 13 Korea, Republic of 1000 0.8 1714 Hong Kong, China 468 0.7 12 14 Saudi Arabia 991 0.8 6815 Korea, Republic of 415 0.6 52 15 Taipei, Chinese 973 0.8 -3

Above 15 70055 100.0 - Above 15 120745 100.0 -

Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.

Major exporters and importers of insurance services, 2007

Table III.20

(Million dollars and percentage)

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

142

Table III.21

(Million dollars and percentage)

Value Share Value Share

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

European Union (27) United StatesWorld 40189 100.0 9 40 27 World 10287 100.0 12 33 2European Union (27) 19930 49.6 3 15 15 European Union (27) 3042 29.6 ... ... ...United States 11612 28.9 21 ... 88 Canada 1956 19.0 17 16 -3Canada 772 1.9 1 -50 91 Japan 1549 15.1 55 38 42Australia 661 1.6 50 -24 69 Bermuda 968 9.4 16 60 -2Switzerland 588 1.5 -16 -14 -18 Switzerland 545 5.3 100 162 66

Above 5 33563 83.5 - - - Above 5 8060 78.4 - - -Japan 528 1.3 17 102 -16 Mexico 293 2.8 21 63 19South Africa 299 0.7 -1 -12 -1 Australia 213 2.1 0 -21 31Mexico 285 0.7 18 -8 74 Korea, Republic of 201 2.0 40 109 38Norway 273 0.7 -1 111 7 Hong Kong, China 122 1.2 35 -48 -15Turkey 216 0.5 15 56 7 Taipei, Chinese 81 0.8 16 44 3Singapore 215 0.5 11 100 31 Brazil 73 0.7 10 14 12Russian Federation 185 0.5 16 76 5 Singapore 68 0.7 22 5 48China 149 0.4 30 168 5 Chile 57 0.6 0 24 0Chile 147 0.4 13 78 13 Israel 49 0.5 1 24 17Brazil 130 0.3 26 207 14 China 48 0.5 9 39 -9

Above 15 35990 89.6 - - - Above 15 9265 90.1 - - -Singapore a Japan

World 1697 100.0 9 31 7 World 1343 100.0 8 80 -15Australia 186 11.0 6 25 -37 European Union (27) 443 33.0 ... ... ...Korea, Republic of 155 9.1 -3 26 12 United States 373 27.8 20 376 -9Japan 126 7.5 8 5 -5 China 78 5.8 6 10 16European Union (27) 98 5.8 ... ... ... Hong Kong, China 51 3.8 -16 14 -44China 94 5.6 37 64 45 Taipei, Chinese 43 3.2 -7 -6 -9

Above 5 660 38.9 - - - Above 5 988 73.5 - - -Australia b Hong Kong, China

World 599 100.0 6 0 13 World 468 100.0 4 1 12United States 252 42.1 6 0 13 China 127 27.2 28 57 18European Union (27) 114 19.0 ... ... ... Korea, Republic of 83 17.7 23 -21 80New Zealand 60 10.1 6 0 13 Japan 44 9.4 2 50 33Singapore 28 4.8 5 -1 14 European Union (27) 41 8.8 ... ... ...Japan 19 3.2 6 -1 11 Singapore 32 6.8 13 0 3

Above 5 474 79.1 - - - Above 5 327 69.9 - - -Korea, Republic of c Russian Federation d

World 415 100.0 44 62 52 World 379 100.0 16 17 1United States 135 32.5 34 -112 ... European Union (27) 150 39.6 13 16 -4European Union (27) 68 16.4 ... ... ... Kazakhstan 38 10.1 15 -25 37China 29 6.9 5 1 87 Switzerland 22 5.9 -2 40 -57Japan 19 4.5 ... 4 ... Isle of Man 20 5.4 52 -55 ...

Ukraine 17 4.5 ... 5 -14Above 4 250 60.4 - - - Above 5 247 65.5 - - -

b In 2007, insurance services not allocated geographically accounted for 21 per cent of exports.

d In 2007, insurance services not allocated geographically accounted for 9 per cent of exports.

Exports of insurance services of selected economies by destination, 2007

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

a In 2007, ASEAN countries accounted for 30 per cent of insurance services exports.

c In 2007, insurance services not allocated geographically accounted for 17 per cent of exports.

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

143

4.4. Financial services

Table III.22

World exports of financial services by region, 2007

(Billion dollars and percentage)

2007 2000 2007 2000-07 2005 2006 2007

ExportsWorld 290 100.0 100.0 17 18 24 32North America 61 23.2 21.2 15 11 20 23South and Central America 2 0.9 0.8 13 26 19 36Europe 182 61.5 62.7 17 19 25 35

European Union (27) 160 ... 55.1 ... 19 26 36Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 2 0.2 0.6 40 41 50 118Asia 37 12.0 12.8 18 32 31 35

Annual percentage changeValue Share

Rank Exporters ValueShare in 15 economies

Annual percentage

change Rank Importers ValueShare in 15 economies

Annual percentage

change

1 European Union (27) 160187 56.9 36 1 European Union (27) 71061 62.5 26 Extra-EU (27) exports 70270 25.0 35 Extra-EU (27) imports 27996 24.6 29

2 United States 58266 20.7 23 2 United States 18928 16.7 333 Switzerland 20517 7.3 27 3 Canada 4072 3.6 104 Hong Kong, China 12425 4.4 34 4 Japan 3610 3.2 215 Singapore 6547 2.3 52 5 India 3262 2.9 1756 Japan 6207 2.2 1 6 Hong Kong, China 2807 2.5 397 Korea, Republic of 4001 1.4 57 7 Switzerland 1790 1.6 408 India 3886 1.4 121 8 Singapore 1754 1.5 609 Canada 3234 1.1 25 9 Russian Federation 1472 1.3 63

10 Taipei, Chinese 1302 0.5 6 10 Norway 1122 1.0 2811 Russian Federation 1174 0.4 99 11 Ukraine 887 0.8 11812 Brazil 1090 0.4 48 12 Brazil 807 0.7 -613 Norway 1021 0.4 24 13 Taipei, Chinese 782 0.7 -4414 South Africa 876 0.3 24 14 Korea, Republic of 696 0.6 2715 Australia 856 0.3 13 15 Turkey 623 0.5 19

Above 15 281590 100.0 - Above 15 113675 100.0 -

Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.

Major exporters and importers of financial services, 2007

Table III.23

(Million dollars and percentage)

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

144

Table III.24

(Million dollars and percentage)

Value Share Value Share

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

European Union (27) United StatesWorld 160187 100.0 27 26 36 World 58266 100.0 17 19 23European Union (27) 89917 56.1 28 31 37 European Union (27) 24589 42.2 ... ... ...United States 22671 14.2 23 18 38 Canada 3773 6.5 ... ... 31Switzerland 10265 6.4 25 24 32 Japan 2536 4.4 ... ... 8Japan 6034 3.8 28 22 35 Bermuda 2214 3.8 ... ... -11Russian Federation 2203 1.4 50 62 60 Australia 1636 2.8 ... ... 39

Above 5 131090 81.8 - - - Above 5 34748 59.6 - - -Hong Kong, China 1709 1.1 35 27 55 Hong Kong, China 1469 2.5 ... ... 35Norway 1555 1.0 30 19 61 Brazil 1061 1.8 ... ... 54Canada 1334 0.8 34 51 38 Mexico 1017 1.7 ... ... 31Taipei, Chinese 1298 0.8 37 33 64 China 935 1.6 ... ... 41Singapore 1254 0.8 36 40 45 Switzerland 894 1.5 ... ... 4Australia 1211 0.8 30 59 32 Singapore 748 1.3 ... ... 19Korea, Republic of 729 0.5 33 14 44 Korea, Republic of 469 0.8 ... ... 0Turkey 645 0.4 32 12 80 India 399 0.7 ... ... 33South Africa 629 0.4 21 33 58 Norway 398 0.7 ... ... 49China 618 0.4 31 42 33 Taipei, Chinese 396 0.7 ... ... 0

Above 15 142073 88.7 - - - Above 15 42534 73.0 - - -Hong Kong, China a Singapore b, c

World 12425 100.0 40 48 34 World 6547 100.0 39 41 52European Union (27) 3697 29.8 ... ... ... European Union (27) 1510 23.1 ... ... ...United States 3450 27.8 42 61 37 United States 726 11.1 25 54 4Singapore 715 5.8 32 57 33 Hong Kong, China 666 10.2 31 29 57Japan 610 4.9 30 61 43 Japan 351 5.4 57 34 120Korea, Republic of 410 3.3 52 123 14 India 139 2.1 ... ... 46

Above 5 8882 71.5 - - - Above 5 3392 51.8 - - -Japan Russian Federation d

World 6207 100.0 12 22 1 World 1174 100.0 63 51 99United States 2594 41.8 16 21 8 European Union (27) 748 63.7 76 61 93European Union (27) 2366 38.1 ... ... ... Bermuda 172 14.6 ... ... 691Hong Kong, China 471 7.6 -2 -7 -5 United States 94 8.0 43 23 65Cayman Islands 398 6.4 22 42 70 British Virgin Islands 35 3.0 59 108 77Singapore 57 0.9 -6 17 25 Switzerland 22 1.8 97 109 35

Above 5 5886 94.8 - - - Above 5 1072 91.2 - - -Australia e

World 856 100.0 5 -1 13European Union (27) 281 32.9 ... ... ...United States 235 27.5 4 -1 11Singapore 71 8.3 5 -1 11Hong Kong, China 54 6.3 5 -1 13Japan 32 3.7 5 -1 11

Above 5 673 78.6 - - -

a Financial intermediation services are not allocated geographically. In 2007, they accounted for 13 per cent of financial services exports.b Financial services exports related to foreign exchange trading are not allocated geographically.c In 2007, ASEAN countries accounted for 10 per cent of financial services exports.d In 2007, financial services not allocated geographically accounted for 1 per cent of exports. e In 2007, financial services not allocated geographically accounted for 15 per cent of exports.

Exports of financial services of selected economies by destination, 2007

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

145

4.5. Computer and information services

Table III.25

World exports of computer and information services by region, 2007

(Billion dollars and percentage)

2007 2000 2007 2000-07 2005 2006 2007

ExportsWorld 160 100.0 100.0 19 12 21 23North America 17 19.4 10.8 9 11 12 18South and Central America 2 0.9 1.2 25 35 33 35Europe 93 54.2 57.8 20 7 18 23

European Union (27) 89 ... 55.7 ... 6 18 24Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 2 0.2 0.9 51 56 57 75Asia 39 15.4 24.4 27 27 34 28

Annual percentage changeValue Share

Rank Exporters ValueShare in 15 economies

Annual percentage

change Rank Importers ValueShare in 15 economies

Annual percentage

change

1 European Union (27) 89470 58.6 24 1 European Union (27) 44819 55.6 23 Extra-EU (27) exports 34897 22.9 27 Extra-EU (27) imports 14915 18.5 20

2 India a 27668 18.1 ... 2 United States 14815 18.4 93 United States 12728 8.3 23 3 Japan 3607 4.5 164 Israel b 5809 3.8 10 4 India a 3509 4.4 ...5 Canada 4597 3.0 7 5 Canada 2502 3.1 236 China 4345 2.8 47 6 Brazil 2273 2.8 137 Singapore 1375 0.9 13 7 China 2208 2.7 278 Australia 1256 0.8 18 8 Norway b 1678 2.1 329 Norway b 1126 0.7 -18 9 Australia 1256 1.6 34

10 Russian Federation 1097 0.7 74 10 Russian Federation 956 1.2 5611 Japan 966 0.6 0 11 Indonesia 679 0.8 1412 Malaysia b 775 0.5 36 12 Singapore 669 0.8 313 Costa Rica 556 0.4 50 13 Malaysia b 650 0.8 2514 Argentina 523 0.3 42 14 Korea, Republic of 544 0.7 -915 Korea, Republic of 340 0.2 37 15 Hong Kong, China 423 0.5 14

Above 15 152630 100.0 - Above 15 80585 100.0 -

b Computer services.Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain economies do not report this item, they may not appear in the list. For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.

Major exporters and importers of computer and information services, 2007

Table III.26

(Million dollars and percentage)

a Secretariat estimate.

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

146

Table III.27

(Million dollars and percentage)

Value Share Value Share

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

European Union (27) United StatesWorld 89470 100.0 16 18 24 World 12728 100.0 14 10 23European Union (27) 54571 61.0 13 11 22 European Union (27) 6748 53.0 ... ... ...United States 9037 10.1 6 5 6 Canada 1333 10.5 ... ... 0Switzerland 7340 8.2 16 31 38 Japan 650 5.1 ... ... 54Russian Federation 1736 1.9 65 9 96 Australia 461 3.6 ... ... -4Japan 1351 1.5 19 12 41 Switzerland 438 3.4 ... ... 56

Above 5 74036 82.7 - - - Above 5 9630 75.7 - - -Norway 1112 1.2 13 11 26 Brazil 357 2.8 ... ... 20South Africa 818 0.9 21 46 5 China 259 2.0 ... ... 106Australia 788 0.9 39 32 47 Mexico 247 1.9 ... ... 9India 741 0.8 57 102 62 Singapore 202 1.6 ... ... 20China 738 0.8 36 82 73 India 193 1.5 ... ... 28Israel 626 0.7 26 38 45 South Africa 166 1.3 ... ... ...Canada 621 0.7 18 21 -4 Hong Kong, China 134 1.1 ... ... 18Turkey 441 0.5 32 60 37 Korea, Republic of 134 1.1 ... ... 29Mexico 352 0.4 27 20 29 Norway 91 0.7 ... ... 94Egypt 346 0.4 79 57 158 Saudi Arabia 81 0.6 ... ... ...

Above 15 80619 90.1 - - - Above 15 11494 90.3 - - -Singapore a Australia b

World 1375 100.0 42 136 13 World 1256 100.0 10 20 18Japan 271 19.7 97 307 17 United States 341 27.2 8 15 0United States 236 17.2 24 53 47 European Union (27) 117 9.3 ... ... ...Australia 129 9.4 69 288 1 New Zealand 89 7.1 ... 10 53China 117 8.5 83 349 32 Japan 68 5.4 17 64 -8European Union (27) 106 7.7 ... ... ... Singapore 57 4.5 77 -1 278

Above 5 859 62.5 - - - Above 5 672 53.5 - - -Russian Federation c Japan

World 1097 100.0 62 50 74 World 966 100.0 -3 -14 0European Union (27) 500 45.6 57 69 74 United States 519 53.7 -8 -12 -14United States 345 31.5 68 44 80 Singapore 128 13.3 0 -23 50British Virgin Islands 54 5.0 180 101 292 European Union (27) 106 11.0 ... ... ...Kazakhstan 26 2.4 ... 85 102 Korea, Republic of 56 5.8 59 33 133Ukraine 21 2.0 ... 17 70 Switzerland 47 4.8 26 40 -3

Above 5 948 86.4 - - - Above 5 856 88.6 - - -Hong Kong, China

World 277 100.0 4 35 -23China 72 26.0 0 9 -24United States 56 20.2 2 24 -16European Union (27) 46 16.6 ... ... ...Singapore 25 9.0 -1 30 -17Malaysia 12 4.3 20 117 -8

Above 5 211 76.2 - - -

a In 2007, ASEAN countries accounted for 10 per cent of computer and information services exports.

c In 2007, computer and information services not allocated geographically accounted for 2 per cent of exports.

Exports of computer and information services of selected economies by destination, 2007

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

b In 2007, computer and information services not allocated geographically accounted for 40 per cent of exports.

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

147

4.5.1 Computer services

Rank Exporters ValueShare in 15 economies

Annual percentage

change Rank Importers ValueShare in 15 economies

Annual percentage

change

1 European Union (27) 78567 60.5 27 1 European Union (27) 40865 60.7 23 Extra-EU (27) exports 28256 21.8 26 Extra-EU (27) imports 13738 20.4 21

2 India a 27110 20.9 ... 2 United States 14201 21.1 93 United States 8308 6.4 32 3 India 3212 4.8 794 Israel 5809 4.5 10 4 Brazil 2205 3.3 135 Canada 3874 3.0 13 5 Norway 1678 2.5 326 Australia 1233 0.9 18 6 Canada 1343 2.0 -67 Norway 1126 0.9 -18 7 Australia 1232 1.8 348 Russian Federation 1012 0.8 76 8 Russian Federation 754 1.1 599 Malaysia 775 0.6 36 9 Malaysia 650 1.0 25

10 Costa Rica 555 0.4 50 10 Hong Kong, China 346 0.5 1211 Argentina 519 0.4 43 11 Argentina 279 0.4 2712 Philippines 305 0.2 221 12 Korea, Republic of 243 0.4 -2213 Hong Kong, China 207 0.2 -31 13 Serbia 161 0.2 ...14 Korea, Republic of 192 0.1 6 14 Pakistan 113 0.2 8515 Sri Lanka 175 0.1 79 15 Kazakhstan 63 0.1 53

Above 15 129765 100.0 - Above 15 67345 100.0 -

a Secretariat estimate.Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain major traders in computer and information services do not report the item computer services separately, they may not appear in the list. For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.

Major exporters and importers of computer services, 2007

Table III.28

(Million dollars and percentage)

Table III.29

(Million dollars and percentage)

Value Share Value Share

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

European Union (27) United StatesWorld 78567 100.0 16 17 27 World 8308 100.0 34 78 32European Union (27) 50312 64.0 15 12 27 European Union (27) 4431 53.3 ... ... ...United States 8407 10.7 7 6 10 Canada 741 8.9 ... ... -3Switzerland 2494 3.2 3 6 15 Japan 390 4.7 ... ... 81Russian Federation 1701 2.2 67 10 98 Switzerland 339 4.1 ... ... 101Japan 1220 1.6 17 8 40 Australia 271 3.3 ... ... 3

Above 5 64134 81.6 - - - Above 5 6172 74.3 - - -Norway 1015 1.3 11 10 24 Brazil 239 2.9 ... ... 28South Africa 760 1.0 20 39 5 China 209 2.5 ... ... 122China 730 0.9 36 85 74 Mexico 152 1.8 ... ... 16Australia 722 0.9 44 42 50 India 151 1.8 ... ... 59India 698 0.9 56 97 63 Singapore 136 1.6 ... ... 30Israel 582 0.7 25 41 43 Korea, Republic of 116 1.4 ... ... 32Canada 462 0.6 24 14 40 South Africa 114 1.4 ... ... 50Turkey 410 0.5 33 59 44 Hong Kong, China 105 1.3 ... ... 27Mexico 345 0.4 28 19 30 Norway 79 1.0 ... ... 126Egypt 330 0.4 78 51 169 Malaysia 69 0.8 ... ... 73

Above 15 70186 89.3 - - - Above 15 7542 90.8 - - -Russian Federation a

World 1012 100.0 69 54 76European Union (27) 459 45.4 63 76 74United States 336 33.2 72 47 82British Virgin Islands 49 4.8 231 171 306Kazakhstan 22 2.2 ... 98 85Bermuda 18 1.8 ... 132 33

Above 5 884 87.4 - - -

Exports of computer services of selected economies by destination, 2007

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

a In 2007, computer services not allocated geographically accounted for 2 per cent of exports.

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

148

4.6. Royalties and licence fees

Table III.30

World receipts of royalties and license fees by region, 2007

(Billion dollars and percentage)

2007 2000 2007 2000-07 2005 2006 2007

ExportsWorld 190 100.0 100.0 12 13 8 16North America 86 53.8 45.6 10 12 12 14South and Central America 1 0.6 0.6 13 11 24 40Europe 69 29.0 36.7 16 16 2 19

European Union (27) 60 ... 31.5 ... 13 3 21Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 1 0.1 0.3 24 3 20 33Asia 28 14.6 14.9 13 11 11 14

Annual percentage changeValue Share

Rank Exporters ValueShare in 15 economies

Annual percentage

change Rank Importers ValueShare in 15 economies

Annual percentage

change

1 United States 82614 44.8 14 1 European Union (27) 76435 43.5 182 European Union (27) 59647 32.4 21 Extra-EU (27) imports 46312 26.4 24

Extra-EU (27) exports 35541 19.3 21 2 United States 25048 14.3 53 Japan 23229 12.6 16 3 Japan 16678 9.5 84 Switzerland 8926 4.8 13 4 Switzerland 11174 6.4 255 Canada 3505 1.9 10 5 Singapore 8946 5.1 06 Korea, Republic of 1735 0.9 -15 6 Canada 8213 4.7 187 Singapore 821 0.4 29 7 China 8192 4.7 238 Israel 784 0.4 32 8 Korea, Republic of 5134 2.9 109 Norway 700 0.4 4 9 Australia 2873 1.6 31

10 Australia 690 0.4 11 10 Russian Federation 2806 1.6 4011 Russian Federation 396 0.2 32 11 Taipei, Chinese 2575 1.5 1112 Hong Kong, China 358 0.2 38 12 Thailand 2287 1.3 1213 China 343 0.2 68 13 Brazil 2259 1.3 3614 Brazil 319 0.2 113 14 South Africa 1596 0.9 2515 Paraguay 287 0.2 13 15 Hong Kong, China 1504 0.9 11

Above 15 184355 100.0 - Above 15 175720 100.0 -

Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.

Major economies for receipts and payments of royalties and license fees, 2007

Table III.31

(Million dollars and percentage)

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

149

Table III.32

(Million dollars and percentage)

Value Share Value Share

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

United States European Union (27)World 82614 100.0 13 12 14 World 59647 100.0 12 3 21European Union (27) 38772 46.9 ... ... ... European Union (27) 24108 40.4 12 5 20Switzerland 7466 9.0 13 17 20 United States 12300 20.6 6 -9 7Japan 7400 9.0 -2 6 -22 Singapore 4700 7.9 16 11 26Canada 6294 7.6 17 21 11 Switzerland 2681 4.5 0 -11 13Korea, Republic of 2549 3.1 16 9 8 Japan 2462 4.1 2 -16 16

Above 5 62481 75.6 - - - Above 5 46251 77.5 - - -Mexico 2156 2.6 21 12 37 China 1607 2.7 22 60 -12Australia 2106 2.5 25 19 48 Australia 1037 1.7 24 23 81China 1879 2.3 21 35 21 Korea, Republic of 970 1.6 21 36 32Singapore 1879 2.3 -6 53 -51 Russian Federation 684 1.1 64 15 119Bermuda 1713 2.1 23 50 32 Norway 645 1.1 14 3 32Brazil 1475 1.8 30 28 49 Mexico 578 1.0 28 -5 61India 903 1.1 74 61 170 Brazil 564 0.9 20 57 55Taipei, Chinese 803 1.0 -7 24 -54 Canada 544 0.9 -3 -19 35South Africa 539 0.7 31 35 30 India 484 0.8 80 129 86Hong Kong, China 533 0.6 8 16 13 South Africa 436 0.7 2 -13 20

Above 15 76467 92.6 - - - Above 15 53802 90.2 - - -Japan Korea, Republic of a

World 23229 100.0 14 14 16 World 1735 100.0 -2 7 -15United States 9668 41.6 11 15 11 United States 623 35.9 -5 -29 19European Union (27) 4308 18.5 ... ... ... China 470 27.1 1 51 -37China 1802 7.8 37 23 54 European Union (27) 181 10.4 ... ... ...Thailand 1494 6.4 30 30 10 Japan 80 4.6 -17 -39 -15Taipei, Chinese 861 3.7 7 59 2

Above 5 18133 78.1 - - - Above 4 1354 78.0 - - -Singapore b Australia c

World 821 100.0 18 2 29 World 690 100.0 10 12 11United States 153 18.6 88 18 370 United States 277 40.1 13 27 15China 112 13.6 93 31 22 European Union (27) 121 17.6 ... ... ...Japan 98 11.9 6 -5 -1 Canada 16 2.3 ... 10 111Korea, Republic of 58 7.1 -18 18 108 China 15 2.2 -4 26 -29Australia 48 5.9 17 5 30 Japan 15 2.2 60 221 -49

Above 5 469 57.1 - - - Above 5 444 64.4 - - -Russian Federation d

World 396 100.0 20 15 32European Union (27) 138 34.8 78 109 50United States 128 32.2 40 32 15Ukraine 19 4.8 ... 30 65Kazakhstan 11 2.8 40 -5 59Belarus 10 2.6 44 85 64

Above 5 306 77.2 - - -

a In 2007, receipts of royalties and licence fees not allocated geographically accounted for 3 per cent of receipts. b In 2007, ASEAN countries accounted for 17 per cent of receipts of royalties and licence fees. c In 2007, receipts of royalties and licence fees not allocated geographically accounted for 32 per cent of receipts. d In 2007, receipts of royalties and licence fees not allocated geographically accounted for 9 per cent of receipts.

Receipts of royalties and licence fees of selected economies by origin, 2007

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

150

4.7. Other business services

Rank Exporters ValueShare in 15 economies

Annual percentage

change Rank Importers ValueShare in 15 economies

Annual percentage

change

1 European Union (27) 424857 54.7 21 1 European Union (27) 380739 60.4 23 Extra-EU (27) exports 196753 25.3 21 Extra-EU (27) imports 146718 23.3 25

2 United States 86953 11.2 20 2 United States 52606 8.3 143 China 40408 5.2 39 3 Japan 34838 5.5 174 Japan 32918 4.2 7 4 China 30431 4.8 485 India a 30783 4.0 ... 5 Korea, Republic of 21829 3.5 236 Singapore 30652 3.9 24 6 India a 19062 3.0 ...7 Hong Kong, China 30293 3.9 12 7 Singapore 17473 2.8 148 Canada 17164 2.2 9 8 Canada 13238 2.1 29 Taipei, Chinese 16342 2.1 11 9 Russian Federation 11618 1.8 36

10 Korea, Republic of 14421 1.9 37 10 Brazil 10586 1.7 1911 Norway 12517 1.6 37 11 Thailand d 9841 1.6 3412 Switzerland b 11928 1.5 23 12 Taipei, Chinese 9328 1.5 1613 Brazil 11064 1.4 29 13 Norway 7063 1.1 1814 Russian Federation 9624 1.2 34 14 Hong Kong, China 6596 1.0 2015 Lebanon c 6328 0.8 15 15 Angola 5520 0.9 78

Above 15 776250 100.0 - Above 15 630770 100.0 -

b Includes construction and computer and information services. c Includes construction, royalties and license fees and personal, cultural and recreational services. d Includes financial services, computer and information services and personal, cultural and recreational services.Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.

Major exporters and importers of other business services, 2007

Table III.34

(Million dollars and percentage)

a Secretariat estimate.

Table III.33

World exports of other business services by region, 2007

(Billion dollars and percentage)

2007 2000 2007 2000-07 2005 2006 2007

ExportsWorld 830 100.0 100.0 15 15 15 21North America 104 16.1 12.6 11 10 16 18South and Central America 23 2.5 2.7 16 44 23 27Europe 450 51.2 54.2 16 15 13 22

European Union (27) 425 ... 51.3 ... 15 12 21Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 13 0.8 1.5 26 36 28 35Asia 219 26.2 26.4 15 17 19 20

Annual percentage changeValue Share

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

151

Table III.35

(Million dollars and percentage)

Value Share Value Share

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

European Union (27) Japan a World 424857 100.0 16 12 21 World 32918 100.0 15 12 7European Union (27) 228105 53.7 16 13 21 European Union (27) 15224 46.2 ... ... ...United States 55145 13.0 11 9 17 United States 11051 33.6 9 15 5Switzerland 31072 7.3 16 5 28 Singapore 6060 18.4 35 58 13China 9716 2.3 44 -7 102 Taipei, Chinese 3835 11.7 63 10 61Russian Federation 8480 2.0 42 30 58 Korea, Republic of 1810 5.5 45 -16 138

Above 5 332518 78.3 - - - Above 5 37980 115.4 - - -Norway 5562 1.3 19 3 43 Thailand 723 2.2 88 56 178Japan 5334 1.3 -4 -26 14 Canada 695 2.1 23 11 50India 5150 1.2 85 74 66 Switzerland 550 1.7 3 90 -20Singapore 3820 0.9 23 64 -1 India 401 1.2 50 38 80Canada 2960 0.7 22 24 18 Australia 270 0.8 -19 -25 -42Hong Kong, China 2876 0.7 -1 -38 14 Indonesia 235 0.7 37 20 44Turkey 2779 0.7 24 49 17 Philippines 165 0.5 -18 -45 -6Korea, Republic of 2524 0.6 12 5 3 New Zealand 101 0.3 -1 -64 66Australia 2515 0.6 24 25 28 Mexico 71 0.2 4 23 -32Nigeria 2141 0.5 16 56 -22 Cayman Islands 34 0.1 -16 1 -70

Above 15 368179 86.7 - - - Above 15 41226 125.2 - - -Singapore b, c Hong Kong, China

World 30652 100.0 19 16 24 World 30293 100.0 12 11 12United States 5260 17.2 31 50 22 United States 8457 27.9 ... 14 12European Union (27) 3894 12.7 ... ... ... European Union (27) d 5002 16.5 ... ... ...Japan 3250 10.6 10 9 8 Japan 1665 5.5 ... ... 6Hong Kong, China 1793 5.9 13 -1 22 Taipei, Chinese 1026 3.4 ... ... 9China 1671 5.5 22 7 52 Indonesia 272 0.9 ... ... ...

Above 5 15869 51.8 - - - Above 5 16422 54.2 - - -Korea, Republic of e Russian Federation f

World 14421 100.0 21 12 37 World 9624 100.0 35 35 34United States 4876 33.8 16 15 31 European Union (27) 4923 51.2 37 33 42European Union (27) 3104 21.5 ... ... ... United States 1204 12.5 25 35 23Japan 1872 13.0 5 2 12 Switzerland 447 4.6 46 33 22China 1055 7.3 58 60 141 Kazakhstan 323 3.4 25 38 37

British Virgin Islands 306 3.2 34 13 53Above 4 10907 75.6 - - - Above 5 7202 74.8 - - -

a In 2007, exports of other business services are offset by negative values for merchanting. b The geographical breakdown includes communications services. c In 2007, ASEAN countries accounted for 14 per cent of other business services exports.d 2006, excluding Bulgaria and Romania.e In 2007, other business services not allocated geographically accounted for 7 per cent of exports.f In 2007, other business services not allocated geographically accounted for 5 per cent of exports.

Exports of other business services of selected economies by destination, 2007

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

152

Value

Total

Legal, accounting, management

and public relations

Advertising,market

research and public

opinion polling

Research and

development

Architectural,engineering and other technical services

Agricultural,mining and other on-

site processing

services Other a

Exporters European Union (27) 424857 24.2 4.3 71.5 14.2 5.9 9.4 10.9 2.3 28.9 Extra-EU (27) exports 196753 23.6 4.4 72.0 13.8 5.2 10.9 13.3 3.3 25.6United States b 86953 6.1 13.4 80.5 36.8 4.6 16.9 6.1 2.8 13.4China 40408 66.6 ... 33.4 28.7 4.7 ... ... ... ...Japan 32918 60.0 7.0 33.0 ... ... ... ... ... ...India c 30783 9.5 1.7 88.8 19.3 2.6 4.8 11.3 0.8 49.9Singapore 30652 61.8 ... 38.2 26.4 1.5 0.6 5.3 ... 4.4Hong Kong, China 30293 84.2 0.1 15.7 9.7 2.0 ... 0.8 ... 3.2Canada 17164 5.5 2.8 91.7 28.1 3.8 18.1 24.9 ... 16.8Korea, Republic of 14421 17.5 6.5 76.1 6.2 2.5 3.5 2.2 0.1 61.5Norway 12517 13.6 7.6 78.8 2.9 1.7 3.2 17.9 26.1 27.0Brazil 11064 8.6 0.3 91.1 17.1 1.8 1.6 38.1 0.0 32.5Russian Federation 9624 ... 6.1 93.9 19.3 24.3 5.1 21.6 2.5 21.2Australia 5463 12.9 1.2 85.9 16.5 4.2 8.6 22.5 5.8 28.3Malaysia 4180 15.8 11.3 72.9 ... ... ... ... ... ...Argentina 2953 7.7 5.0 87.3 25.7 11.6 6.4 3.3 ... 40.4Philippines 2439 0.7 0.4 98.9 98.4 ... 0.5 ... ... ...Ukraine 1672 7.2 3.9 88.9 13.6 17.3 18.1 12.9 23.0 3.9Chile 1518 41.8 12.5 45.8 ... ... ... ... ... ...Serbia 975 7.5 0.3 92.2 10.9 18.1 3.5 11.1 0.3 48.3Croatia 960 15.0 3.7 81.3 21.4 23.5 2.8 28.8 4.0 0.8ImportersEuropean Union (27) 380739 15.5 6.5 78.0 14.2 9.4 11.2 7.8 1.2 34.1 Extra-EU (27) exports 146718 16.2 6.0 77.8 14.3 10.3 13.6 7.7 1.1 30.8United States b 52606 2.2 2.0 95.8 45.3 3.8 21.7 2.4 2.6 20.1Japan 34838 25.2 0.8 73.9 ... ... ... ... ... ...China 30431 59.9 ... 40.1 35.7 4.4 ... ... ... ...Korea, Republic of 21829 30.1 7.3 62.6 6.6 12.2 4.8 2.7 0.2 36.2India c 19062 14.4 5.5 80.1 19.7 6.2 1.9 15.2 0.3 36.7Singapore 17473 33.4 ... 66.6 34.6 2.6 11.5 5.1 ... 12.7Canada 13238 4.6 9.2 86.2 33.8 2.5 8.7 20.0 ... 21.2Russian Federation 11618 0.9 10.5 88.5 22.9 10.8 0.9 24.1 16.6 13.3Brazil 10586 8.9 54.8 36.3 4.4 1.6 0.2 22.8 0.0 7.4Norway 7063 6.5 1.1 92.4 5.1 3.2 5.6 7.9 38.6 32.1Hong Kong, China 6596 47.2 11.6 41.1 26.9 6.1 ... 0.9 ... 7.3Malaysia 4735 ... 16.8 83.2 ... ... ... ... ... ...Australia 4195 4.6 16.9 78.6 9.7 3.6 2.5 21.3 8.7 32.9Kazakhstan 3149 0.1 14.5 85.4 16.2 0.6 0.3 54.8 11.3 2.2Ukraine 1384 12.0 7.8 80.2 24.6 8.5 10.8 14.2 6.5 15.6New Zealand 1332 8.6 23.1 68.3 18.7 8.4 2.9 ... ... 38.3Argentina 1213 14.5 17.5 68.0 17.8 2.9 3.7 10.4 0.1 33.1Chile 1199 40.0 13.9 46.1 ... ... ... ... ... ...Croatia 1154 12.2 8.3 79.5 27.9 17.9 6.4 23.5 1.6 2.1

Table III.36

Trade in other business services by category in selected economies, 2007

(Million dollars and percentage)

Share

Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. See the Metadata.

a Covers other services not included elsewhere as well as services between related enterprises n.i.e.b Market research and public opinion polling are included in "legal, accounting, management and public relations".

Miscellaneous business, professional and technical services

Total other business services

Merchanting and other traderelated services

Operational leasing services

c Secretariat estimates. Exports of "miscellaneous business, professional and technical services, other" include information technology enabled services.

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

153

4.8. Personal, cultural and recreational services

Rank Exporters ValueShare in 15 economies

Annual percentage

change Rank Importers ValueShare in 15 economies

Annual percentage

change

1 European Union (27) 16449 41.2 18 1 European Union (27) 19420 62.0 6 Extra-EU (27) exports 6544 16.4 13 Extra-EU (27) imports 8071 25.8 -9

2 United States 15661 39.2 24 2 Canada 2195 7.0 63 Canada 2248 5.6 -2 3 United States 1719 5.5 344 Turkey 971 2.4 -3 4 Malaysia 1530 4.9 75 Malaysia 812 2.0 -6 5 Japan 1318 4.2 16 India a 622 1.6 ... 6 Australia 934 3.0 107 Australia 509 1.3 1 7 Korea, Republic of 929 3.0 398 Norway 466 1.2 10 8 Russian Federation 753 2.4 399 Korea, Republic of 448 1.1 21 9 Brazil 651 2.1 22

10 China b 316 0.8 130 10 Norway 569 1.8 -311 Mexico b 308 0.8 -19 11 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 312 1.0 2312 Argentina 298 0.7 16 12 Singapore 278 0.9 613 Russian Federation 291 0.7 25 13 Mexico b 259 0.8 -2114 Hong Kong, China 272 0.7 -3 14 Ukraine 225 0.7 3915 Singapore 239 0.6 18 15 Argentina 212 0.7 24

Above 15 39910 100.0 - Above 15 31305 100.0 -

b Audiovisual and related services.Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. See the Metadata.

Major exporters and importers of personal, cultural and recreational services, 2007

Table III.38

(Million dollars and percentage)

a Secretariat estimate.

Table III.37

World exports of personal, cultural and recreational services by region, 2007

(Billion dollars and percentage)

2007 2000 2007 2000-07 2005 2006 2007

ExportsWorld 45 100.0 100.0 9 0 8 18North America 18 44.2 42.7 8 0 20 19South and Central America 1 1.0 1.8 19 30 23 5Europe 18 44.8 42.6 8 -2 -1 17

European Union (27) 16 ... 38.5 ... -1 -1 18Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 1 0.2 1.3 46 14 48 54Asia 4 7.5 9.1 12 8 -9 21

Annual percentage changeValue Share

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

154

Table III.39

(Million dollars and percentage)

Value Share Value Share

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

European Union (27) Australia aWorld 16449 100.0 5 -1 18 World 509 100.0 7 15 1European Union (27) 9904 60.2 9 0 21 European Union (27) 103 20.2 ... ... ...United States 2327 14.1 -6 -4 8 New Zealand 66 13.0 ... 25 33Switzerland 873 5.3 -10 -27 8 United States 52 10.2 ... -20 -26Japan 420 2.6 -14 -30 -1 Singapore 37 7.2 6 40 -9Norway 350 2.1 5 -14 33 China 31 6.1 19 33 5

Above 5 13875 84.4 - - - Above 5 289 56.7 - - -Australia 264 1.6 2 -12 25 Japan 18 3.6 4 21 -24Russian Federation 138 0.8 36 -14 35 Hong Kong, China 14 2.8 -23 -45 5India 133 0.8 136 260 163 Malaysia 11 2.1 4 17 11Brazil 111 0.7 7 4 18 Canada 8 1.6 42 117 1Singapore 108 0.7 57 -24 55 Fiji 1 0.2 ... ... ...South Africa 90 0.5 25 9 41Korea, Republic of 84 0.5 -3 43 27Canada 83 0.5 4 17 5Hong Kong, China 70 0.4 11 -8 -2Turkey 53 0.3 8 40 27

Above 15 15010 91.3 - - - Above 10 341 67.1 - - -Russian Federation b Hong Kong, China

World 291 100.0 21 24 25 World 272 100.0 -2 4 -3European Union (27) 140 48.3 27 18 47 Malaysia 45 16.6 -8 13 -17United States 33 11.4 28 24 51 United States 38 14.0 33 100 58Switzerland 21 7.3 -1 164 -20 European Union (27) 24 8.8 ... ... ...Ukraine 19 6.5 ... 61 56 China 21 7.7 -16 -9 5Belarus 15 5.1 49 34 37 Japan 8 2.9 ... -17 60

Above 5 228 78.6 - - - Above 5 136 50.1 - - -Singapore c Japan

World 239 100.0 9 13 18 World 156 100.0 29 44 11India 15 6.3 ... ... 324 United States 67 42.9 25 14 4Hong Kong, China 10 4.4 -17 -56 38 European Union (27) 36 22.8 ... ... ...China 10 4.1 0 8 72 Korea, Republic of 14 9.2 20 144 29Korea, Republic of 8 3.6 15 55 -2 Hong Kong, China 14 8.7 94 64 13United States 3 1.1 -22 -21 -16 Switzerland 12 7.6 5 29 25

Above 5 46 19.4 - - - Above 5 142 91.3 - - -

c In 2007, ASEAN countries accounted for 44 per cent of exports.

Exports of personal, cultural and recreational services of selected economies by destination, 2007

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

b In 2007, personal, cultural and recreational services not allocated geographically accounted for 2 per cent of exports.a In 2007, personal, cultural and recreational services not allocated geographically accounted for 33 per cent of exports.

TR

AD

E I

N C

OM

ME

RC

IAL

SE

RV

ICE

S B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y

III

155

4.8.1 Audiovisual services

Rank Exporters ValueShare in 15 economies

Annual percentage

change Rank Importers ValueShare in 15 economies

Annual percentage

change

1 United States 15043 51.5 23 1 European Union (27) 13893 63.7 12 European Union (27) 9962 34.1 14 Extra-EU (27) imports 6315 29.0 -16

Extra-EU (27) exports 4063 13.9 6 2 Canada 2001 9.2 63 Canada 2021 6.9 -3 3 United States 1440 6.6 324 China 316 1.1 130 4 Japan 1044 4.8 65 Mexico 308 1.1 -19 5 Australia 798 3.7 136 Argentina 294 1.0 21 6 Russian Federation 624 2.9 367 Norway 272 0.9 18 7 Brazil 456 2.1 188 Hong Kong, China 249 0.9 -3 8 Korea, Republic of 381 1.7 669 Russian Federation 196 0.7 28 9 Norway 300 1.4 -21

10 Korea, Republic of 183 0.6 8 10 Mexico 259 1.2 -2111 Australia 139 0.5 -8 11 Argentina 212 1.0 2412 Japan 126 0.4 22 12 China 154 0.7 2713 Albania 61 0.2 59 13 Ecuador 126 0.6 914 Ecuador 44 0.1 7 14 Albania 59 0.3 8315 Colombia 21 0.1 -24 15 Croatia 55 0.3 64

Above 15 29235 100.0 - Above 15 21800 100.0 -

Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain major traders in personal, cultural and recreational services do not report the item audiovisual and related services separately, they may not appear in the list. See the Metadata.

Major exporters and importers of audiovisual and related services, 2007

Table III.40

(Million dollars and percentage)

Table III.41

(Million dollars and percentage)

Value Share Value Share

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

United States European Union (27)World 15043 100.0 13 21 23 World 9962 100.0 -1 -8 14European Union (27) 9048 60.1 ... ... ... European Union (27) 5899 59.2 4 -8 20Canada 1218 8.1 20 25 41 United States 1769 17.8 -10 -10 4Japan 1085 7.2 8 19 9 Japan 371 3.7 -15 -33 0Australia 668 4.4 20 31 34 Switzerland 308 3.1 -28 -48 -2Brazil 467 3.1 40 16 66 Norway 245 2.5 -2 -18 20

Above 5 12486 83.0 - - - Above 5 8592 86.2 - - -Mexico 384 2.6 13 0 61 Australia 228 2.3 0 -6 19Korea, Republic of 265 1.8 40 90 79 Brazil 104 1.0 15 4 17China 169 1.1 71 22 177 India 103 1.0 192 ... 194Norway 132 0.9 40 51 59 Korea, Republic of 74 0.7 -4 37 36South Africa 124 0.8 4 21 19 Russian Federation 65 0.7 28 64 30New Zealand 114 0.8 15 32 46 Singapore 64 0.6 93 16 7Switzerland 106 0.7 43 109 58 Canada 57 0.6 0 9 0Taipei, Chinese 89 0.6 26 176 11 South Africa 52 0.5 10 55 -6Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 84 0.6 -9 -14 29 Hong Kong, China 43 0.4 31 6 5Hong Kong, China 77 0.5 22 35 33 Turkey 31 0.3 3 56 22

Above 15 14030 93.3 - - - Above 15 9412 94.5 - - -Hong Kong, China a

World 249 100.0 -1 5 -3Malaysia 44 17.7 ... 0 -8United States 33 13.3 ... ... ...European Union (27) 19 7.6 ... ... ...China 17 6.8 -4 0 31Japan 8 3.2 ... -17 60

Above 5 121 48.6 - - -

Exports of audiovisual and related services of selected economies by destination, 2007

Annual percentage change

Annual percentage change

a Audiovisual and related services not allocated geographically accounted for 48 per cent of exports.

156

157

ME

TAD

ATA

IV

IV. IV. METADATA

This chapter details the methodology and sources for the statistics used in International Trade Statistics 2009.

1. Composition of geographical and economic groupings

WTO members are frequently referred to as “countries”, although some members are not countries in the usual sense of the word but are offi cially “customs territories”. The defi nition of geographical and other groupings in this report does not imply an expression of opinion by the Secretariat concerning the status of any country or territory, the delimitation of its frontiers, nor the rights and obligations of any WTO member in respect of WTO agreements. The colours, boundaries, denominations, and classifi cations in the maps of this publication do not imply, on the part of the WTO, any judgement on the legal or other status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of any boundary.

Throughout this report, South and Central America and the Caribbean is referred to as South and Central America; the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, the Republic of Korea and the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu are referenced as Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela; Hong Kong, China; Korea, Republic of; and Taipei, Chinese respectively.

Table IV.1

Composition of regions and other economic groupings

Regions

North America BermudaCanada* Mexico* United States of America*Other territories in the region not elsewhere specifi ed South and Central America and the CaribbeanAntigua and Barbuda* Brazil* Ecuador* Jamaica* Saint Lucia*Argentina* Chile* El Salvador* Netherlands Antilles Saint Vincent and the Grenadines*Bahamas** Colombia* Grenada* Nicaragua* Suriname*Barbados* Costa Rica* Guatemala* Panama* Trinidad and Tobago* Belize* Cuba* Guyana* Paraguay* Uruguay*Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela* Dominica* Haiti* Peru* Bolivia* Dominican Republic* Honduras* Saint Kitts and Nevis* Other territories in the region not elsewhere specifi edEurope Andorra** Denmark* Iceland* Montenegro** Slovenia*Austria* Estonia* Ireland* Netherlands* Spain*Belgium* Finland* Italy* Norway* Sweden*Bosnia and Herzegovina** France* Latvia* Poland* Switzerland*Bulgaria* FYR Macedonia* Liechtenstein Portugal* Turkey*Croatia* Germany* Lithuania* Romania* United Kingdom*Cyprus* Greece* Luxembourg* Serbia**Czech Republic* Hungary* Malta* Slovak Republic*Other territories in the region not elsewhere specifi ed Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Armenia* Georgia* Moldova* Turkmenistan Azerbaijan** Kazakhstan** Russian Federation** Ukraine*Belarus** Kyrgyz Republic* Tajikistan** Uzbekistan** Other territories in the region not elsewhere specifi edAfrica Algeria** Congo* Guinea* Morocco* South Africa* Angola* Congo, Dem. Rep. of* Guinea-Bissau* Mozambique* Sudan**Benin* Côte d'Ivoire* Kenya* Namibia* Swaziland*Botswana* Djibouti* Lesotho* Niger* Tanzania*Burkina Faso* Egypt* Liberia Nigeria* Togo*Burundi* Equatorial Guinea** Libyan Arab Jamahiriya** Rwanda* Tunisia*Cameroon* Eritrea Madagascar* Sao Tome and Principe** Uganda*

158

ME

TAD

ATA

IV

Table IV.1 (continued)

Composition of regions and other economic groupings (continued)

Regions (continued)Cape Verde* Ethiopia** Malawi* Senegal* Zambia*Central African Republic* Gabon* Mali* Seychelles** Zimbabwe*Chad* Gambia* Mauritania* Sierra Leone* Comoros Ghana* Mauritius* Somalia Other territories in the region not elsewhere specifi ed Middle East Bahrain* Israel* Lebanon** Saudi Arabia* Yemen**Iran, Islamic Rep. of** Jordan* Oman* Syrian Arab Republic Iraq** Kuwait* Qatar* United Arab Emirates*Other territories in the region not elsewhere specifi edAsia Afghanistan** Hong Kong, China* Malaysia* Papua New Guinea* Tonga* Australia* India* Maldives* Philippines* Tuvalu Bangladesh* Indonesia* Mongolia* Samoa** Vanuatu**Bhutan** Japan* Myanmar* Singapore* Viet Nam* Brunei Darussalam* Kiribati Nepal* Solomon Islands* Cambodia* Korea, Republic of* New Zealand* Sri Lanka*China* Lao People's Dem. Rep.** Pakistan* Taipei, Chinese* Fiji* Macao, China* Palau Thailand*Other territories in the region not elsewhere specifi ed

* WTO members** Observer governments

Regional integration agreements

Andean Community (CAN)BoliviaColombiaEcuadorPeruASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) / AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area)Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Malaysia Philippines ThailandCambodia Lao People's Dem. Rep. Myanmar Singapore Viet NamCACM (Central American Common market) Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Honduras NicaraguaCARICOM (Caribbean Community and Common Market)Antigua and Barbuda Belize Guyana Montserrat Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesBahamas Dominica Haiti Saint Kitts and Nevis SurinameBarbados Grenada Jamaica Saint Lucia Trinidad and TobagoCEMAC (Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa) Cameroon Chad Congo Equatorial Guinea GabonCentral African RepublicCOMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa)Burundi Egypt Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Rwanda UgandaComoros Eritrea Madagascar Seychelles ZambiaCongo, Dem. Rep. of Ethiopia Malawi Sudan ZimbabweDjibouti Kenya Mauritius SwazilandECCAS (Economic Community of Central African States) Angola Central African Republic Congo, Dem. Rep. of Gabon Sao Tome and PrincipeBurundi Chad Equatorial Guinea RwandaCameroon CongoECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States)Benin Côte d'Ivoire Guinea Mali SenegalBurkina Faso Gambia Guinea- Bissau Niger Sierra LeoneCape Verde Ghana Liberia Nigeria TogoEFTA (European Free Trade Association) Iceland Liechtenstein Norway SwitzerlandEuropean Union (27)Austria Estonia Ireland Netherlands SpainBelgium Finland Italy Poland SwedenBulgaria France Latvia Portugal United KingdomCyprus Germany Lithuania RomaniaCzech Republic Greece Luxembourg Slovak RepublicDenmark Hungary Malta Slovenia

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Table IV.1 (continued)

Composition of regions and other economic groupings (continued)

Regional integration agreements (continued)

GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) Bahrain Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Kuwait MERCOSUR (Southern Common Market) Argentina Brazil Paraguay Uruguay NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) Canada Mexico United States SAPTA (South Asian Preferential Trade Arrangement)Bangladesh India Nepal Pakistan Sri LankaBhutan MaldivesSADC (Southern African Development Community) Angola Lesotho Mauritius South Africa ZambiaBotswana Madagascar Mozambique Swaziland ZimbabweCongo, Dem. Rep. of Malawi Namibia United Republic of TanzaniaWAEMU (West African Economic and Monetary Union)Benin Côte d'Ivoire Mali Senegal TogoBurkina Faso Guinea- Bissau Niger

Other groups

ACP (African, Caribbean and Pacific countries) Angola Côte d’Ivoire Haiti Niger South AfricaAntigua and Barbuda Cuba Jamaica Nigeria SudanBahamas Djibouti Kenya Niue SurinameBarbados Dominica Kiribati Palau SwazilandBelize Dominican Republic Lesotho Papua New Guinea Timor LesteBenin Equatorial Guinea Liberia Rwanda TogoBotswana Eritrea Madagascar Saint Kitts and Nevis TongaBurkina Faso Ethiopia Malawi Saint Lucia Trinidad and Tobago

Burundi Fiji Mali Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Tuvalu

Cameroon Gabon Marshall Islands Samoa UgandaCentral African Republic Gambia Mauritania Sao Tome and Principe United Republic of TanzaniaChad Ghana Mauritius Senegal VanuatuComoros Grenada Micronesia Seychelles ZambiaCongo Guinea Mozambique Sierra Leone ZimbabweDem. Rep. of the Congo Guinea-Bissau Namibia Solomon IslandsCook Islands Guyana Nauru SomaliaAfricaNorth AfricaAlgeria Egypt Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Morocco TunisiaSub- Saharan Africa Western AfricaBenin Gambia Guinea-Bissau Mauritania SenegalBurkina Faso Ghana Liberia Niger Sierra LeoneCape Verde Guinea Mali Nigeria TogoCôte d’IvoireCentral AfricaBurundi Central African Republic Congo Equatorial Guinea RwandaCameroon Chad Dem. Rep. of the Congo Gabon Sao Tome and PrincipeEastern AfricaComoros Ethiopia Mauritius Somalia United Republic of TanzaniaDjibouti Kenya Seychelles Sudan UgandaEritrea MadagascarSouthern AfricaAngola Lesotho Mozambique South Africa ZambiaBotswana Malawi Namibia Swaziland ZimbabweTerritories in Africa not elsewhere specifi edAsiaEast Asia (including Oceania): Australia Indonesia Mongolia Samoa TuvaluBrunei Darussalam Japan Myanmar Singapore VanuatuCambodia Kiribati New Zealand Solomon Islands Viet NamChina Lao People’s Dem. Rep. Papua New Guinea Taipei, Chinese

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Table IV.1 (continued)

Composition of regions and other economic groupings

Other groups (continued)Fiji Macao, China Philippines ThailandHong Kong, China Malaysia Republic of Korea TongaWest Asia: Afghanistan Bhutan Maldives Pakistan Sri LankaBangladesh India NepalOther countries and territories in Asia and the Pacifi c not elsewhere specifi edLDCs (Least-developed countries)Afghanistan Comoros Kiribati Myanmar SudanAngola Congo, Dem. Rep. of Lao People’s Dem. Rep. Nepal Timor Leste Bangladesh Djibouti Lesotho Niger TogoBenin Equatorial Guinea Liberia Rwanda TuvaluBhutan Eritrea Madagascar Samoa UgandaBurkina Faso Ethiopia Malawi Sao Tome and Principe United Republic of TanzaniaBurundi Gambia Maldives Senegal VanuatuCambodia Guinea Mali Sierra Leone YemenCentral African Republic Guinea-Bissau Mauritania Solomon Islands Zambia Chad Haiti Mozambique Somalia Six East Asian traders Hong Kong, China Republic of Korea Singapore Taipei, Chinese Thailand Malaysia

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2. Defi nitions and methodology

2.1 Merchandise trade

2.1.1 Exports and imports

Two systems of recording merchandise exports and imports are in common use. They are referred to as general trade and special trade and differ mainly in the way warehoused and re-exported goods are treated. General trade fi gures are larger than the corresponding special trade fi gures because the latter exclude certain trade fl ows, such as goods shipped through bonded warehouses.

To the extent possible, total merchandise trade is defi ned in this report according to the general trade defi nition. It covers all types of inward and outward movement of goods through a country or territory including movements through customs warehouses and free zones. Goods include all merchandise that either add to or substract from the stock of material resources of a country or territory by entering (imports) or leaving (exports) the country’s economic territory. For further explanations, see United Nations International Trade Statistics, Concepts and Defi nitions, Series M, N° 52, Revision 2.

Unless otherwise indicated, exports are valued at transaction value, including the cost of transportation and insurance to bring the merchandise to the frontier of the exporting country or territory (“free on board” valuation). Imports are valued at transaction value plus the cost of transportation and insurance to the frontier of the importing country or territory (“cost, insurance and freight” valuation).

2.1.2 Products

All product groups are defi ned according to Revision 3 of the Standard International Trade Classifi cation (SITC).

Table IV.2

Products

A. Primary products(i) Agricultural products (SITC sections 0, 1, 2 and 4 minus divisions 27 and 28)

of which, - Food (SITC sections 0, 1, 4 and division 22)of which, 0 - Food and live animals1 - Beverages and tobacco4 - Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes22 - Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits

- - Fish (SITC division 03)- - Other food products and live animals ( SITC sections 0, 1, 4 and division 22 minus division 03)

- Raw materials (SITC divisions 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 29)of which, 21 - Hides, skins and furskins, raw23 - Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)24 - Cork and wood25 - Pulp and waste paper26 - Textile fi bres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)29 - Crude animal and vegetable materials, not elsewhere specifi ed

(ii) Fuels and mining products (SITC section 3 and divisions 27, 28, 68)of which, - Ores and other minerals (SITC divisions 27, 28)of which, 27 - Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)28 - Metalliferous ores and metal scrap- Fuels (SITC section 3)- Non-ferrous metals (SITC division 68)

B. Manufactures (SITC sections 5, 6, 7, 8 minus division 68 and group 891)(i) Iron and steel (SITC division 67)(ii) Chemicals (SITC section 5)

of which, - Pharmaceuticals (SITC division 54)

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Table IV.2 (continued)

Products (continued)

- Other chemicals (SITC divisions 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59)of which, 51 - Organic chemicals52 - Inorganic chemicals53 - Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials55 - Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleaning preparations 56 - Fertilizers (other than those of Group 272, i.e Fertilizers, crude)57 - Plastics in primary forms58 - Plastics in non-primary forms59 - Chemical materials and products, not elsewhere specifi ed

(iii) Other semi-manufactures (SITC divisions 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 69)of which, 61 - Leather, leather manufactures, not elsewhere specifi ed and dressed furskins62 - Rubber manufactures, not elsewhere specifi ed63 - Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)64 - Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard66 - Non-metallic mineral manufactures, not elsewhere specifi ed69 - Manufactures of metals, not elsewhere specifi ed

(iv) Machinery and transport equipment (SITC section 7) - Office and telecommunication equipment (SITC divisions 75, 76 and group 776)of which,

- - Electronic data processing and office equipment (SITC division 75) - - Telecommunications equipment (SITC division 76) - - Integrated circuits, and electronic components (SITC group 776)

- Transport equipment (SITC group 713, sub-group 7783 and divisions 78, 79)of which, 78 - Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)79 - Other transport equipment

- - Automotive products (SITC groups 781, 782, 783, 784 and subgroups 7132, 7783)of which, 781 - Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons (other than public-transport type vehicles), including station wagons and racing cars782 - Motor vehicles for the transport of goods and special purpose motor vehicles783 - Road motor vehicles, not elsewhere specifi ed784 - Parts and accessories of the motor vehicles and tractors7132 - Internal combustion piston engines for propelling vehicles listed above - -Other transport equipment (SITC division 79, groups 713, 785, 786 minus sub-group 7132)of which, 79 - Other transport equipment713 - Internal combustion piston engines, and parts thereof, not elsewhere specifi ed785 - Motorcycles and cycles, motorized and non-motorized786 - Trailers and semi-trailers, other vehicles (not mechanically propelled), and specially designed and equipped transport containers

- Other machinery (SITC divisions 71, 72, 73, 74, 77 minus groups 713, 776 minus sub-group 7783)of which,

- - Power generating machinery (SITC division 71 minus group 713)of which, 71 - Power generating machinery and equipmentminus713 - Internal combustion piston engines, and parts thereof, not elsewhere specifi ed - - Non-electrical machinery (SITC divisions 72, 73, 74)of which, 72 - Machinery specialized for particular industries73 - Metal working machinery74 - General industrial machinery and equipment, not elsewhere specifi ed and machine parts, not elsewhere specifi ed - - Electrical machinery (SITC division 77 minus group 776 and subgroup 7783)of which, 77 - Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, not elsewhere specifi ed and electrical parts thereofminus776 - Thermionic, cold cathode or photo-cathode valves and tubes7783 - Electrical equipment, not elsewhere specifi ed, for internal combustion engines and vehicles; and parts thereof

(v) Textiles (SITC division 65)(vi) Clothing (SITC division 84)(vii) Other manufactures (SITC divisions 81, 82, 83, 85, 87, 88, 89 excluding group 891)of which,

- Personal and household goods (SITC divisions 82, 83 and 85)of which, 82 - Furniture and parts thereof, bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings83 - Travel goods, handbags and similar containers

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Table IV.2 (continued)

Products (continued)

85 - Footwear - Scientific and controlling instruments (SITC division 87) - Miscellaneous manufactures (SITC divisions 81, 88 and 89 minus group 891)of which, 81 - Prefabricated buildings, sanitary plumbing, heating and lighting fi xtures and fi ttings, not elsewhere specifi ed88 - Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, not elsewhere specifi ed; watches and clocks89 - Miscellaneous manufactured articles, not elsewhere specifi ed

C. Other products: commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere (including gold); arms and ammunition (SITC section 9 and group 891)9- Commodities and transactions not classfi ed elsewhere in SITC 891 - Arms and Ammunition

Throughout this report, other food products and live animals; beverages and tobacco; animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes; oilseeds and oleaginous fruit are referred to as other food products; electronic data processing and offi ce equipment is referred to as EDP and offi ce equipment; and integrated circuits and electronic components is referred to as integrated circuits.

2.1.3 World trade network

The world merchandise trade network by region and product from which Appendix tables A2 and A10 are derived is based on export data. The network is constructed in the following way:

First, total merchandise exports from each of the seven regions are aggregated from the individual country or territory fi gures published in Appendix table A6.

Next, the total merchandise exports of each region are distributed by destination and then by product. The regional and commodity breakdown is based on UNSD Comtrade database, EUROSTAT, GTIS GTA database, national statistics and Secretariat estimates.

During this process, the principal adjustments to the fi gures are as follows:

(i) Exports of ships to the open registry countries Panama and Liberia are re-allocated from each region’s exports to South and Central America and Africa to “unspecifi ed destinations” (a category not shown separately).

(ii) China’s exports are adjusted to approximate their fi nal destination.

(iii) Exports of non-monetary gold, where known, are included. When they cannot be broken down by destination, they are allocated to “unspecifi ed destinations”.

(iv) South Africa’s trade does not include trade with the former Southern African Customs Union members.

2.1.4 Merchandise trade of selected major traders by product, region and major trading partner (Appendix tables A18 to A28)

These tables are derived from UNSD Comtrade and EUROSTAT. For trade by product, world totals include shipments which have not been distinguished by origin or destination. For trade by region and partner, world totals include goods which have not been specifi ed by product.

The following adjustment has been made to the fi gures:

Exports of ships to the open registry countries Panama and Liberia are reallocated from each economy’s exports to South and Central America and Africa to “unspecifi ed destinations” (a category not shown separately).

The selection of each economy’s major trading partners is based on a ranking of total trade (exports plus imports) of each economy with their trading partners in 2008 (member States of the EU (27) are counted as one trading partner).

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2.1.5 Merchandise trade and the goods account in balance of payments statistics

Merchandise trade statistics serve as an input for the compilation of the goods account in the balance of payments (BOP) and the rest of the world account in the System of National Accounts (SNA).

The compilation of international merchandise trade statistics (IMTS) relies principally on customs records complemented, as appropriate, by additional sources to enhance their coverage (for instance, to include electricity, or trade in vessels and aircrafts). These statistics essentially refl ect the physical movement of goods across borders, while National Accounts and BOP statistics record transactions that involve change in ownership.

The goods account in the BOP is generally compiled on the basis of IMTS after they have been adjusted for coverage, timing, and valuation.

Coverage differences between BOP statistics and IMTS concern mainly:

items such as blueprints, videos, and tapes which are regarded as services within the BOP (hence are excluded from goods) whereas they are included in merchandise trade statistics at the value of the material support;

goods that for practical reasons are excluded from merchandise trade but should in theory be recorded in BOP statistics, such as fi sh and salvage sold abroad by resident vessels, or imports of bunkers and stores acquired abroad for mobile equipment operated by residents;

goods under the improvement and repair trade regime should be excluded from IMTS, but they are to be included in the goods account at the value of the repair under the BPM5;

Another coverage difference concerns goods that are imported in an economy where they undergo processing operations, and are thereafter re-exported. IMTS recommends that these movements be recorded on a gross basis, whereas BPM5 distinguishes between goods that return to the country of origin (included within the goods account but reported separately) and those that are sent to a third economy (such fl ows are considered as trade in general merchandise between the economy of origin and fi nal destination, and should be excluded from the goods account of the economy where the processing takes place)

The physical movement of goods across border measured in IMTS do not necessarily coincide in timing with changes in the ownership of goods. BPM5 therefore recommends the application of specifi c adjustments for such cases.

As far as valuation is concerned, the issue that affects most data comparability concerns the point of valuation, namely, whether goods are valued at the importer’s border - that is at the cost, insurance and freight value - or at the free on board value at the exporter’s border. IMTS guidelines recommend the adoption of the c.i.f. valuation for imports whereas the fi fth edition of the IMF’s Balance of Payments Manual (BPM5) requires the f.o.b. valuation. Additional adjustments may be made by BOP compilers to conform to the BPM5 requirement for a market price for valuing trade, processing trade, and with respect to currency conversion.

Once adjusted, merchandise trade is recorded in the goods category of the current account, along with services, income, and current transfers. Therefore, within the balance of payments framework transactions in both goods and services are harmonized and provide for comparable statistical series. Strictly speaking, it is not correct to aggregate the fi gures for commercial services and merchandise shown elsewhere in this report.

It should be noted that some economies still apply the concepts of the fourth edition of the Balance of Payments Manual, and thus do not include goods for processing and goods procured in port carriers in the goods account.

2.2 Trade in commercial services

Depending on the location of the supplier and the consumer, the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) defi nes four modes of supply. In addition to the cross-border supply (mode 1), where both the supplier and the consumer remain in their respective home territories, GATS also covers cases where consumers are outside their home territory to consume services (mode 2 – consumption abroad), or cases where service suppliers are in the territory of the consumers to provide their services, whether by establishing affi liates through direct investment abroad (mode 3 – commercial presence), or through the presence of natural persons (mode 4).

A country’s balance of payments, that is the services account, can be used to derive estimates covering trade in commercial services for modes 1, 2 and 4. The Balance of Payments does however not include most of the information

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on the local deliveries of services through foreign affi liates that is required to estimate the size of mode 3. A framework for collecting these data, the “Foreign Affi liates Trade in Services (FATS) statistics”, has been developed and adopted by the international statistical community in 2002. Further information on these “new” statistics is developed below.

2.2.1 Trade in commercial services between residents and non residents of an economy

Exports and imports

Exports (credits or receipts) and imports (debits or payments) of commercial services derived from statistics on international service transactions are included in the balance of payments statistics, in conformity with the concepts, defi nitions and classifi cation of the fi fth (1993) edition of the IMF Balance of Payments Manual.

Defi nition of commercial services in the balance of payments

In the fi fth edition of the Balance of Payments Manual, the current account is subdivided into goods, services (including government services, not included elsewhere), income (investment income and compensation of employees), and current transfers. The commercial services category in this report is defi ned as being equal to services minus government services, not included elsewhere. Commercial services is further sub-divided into transportation services, travel, and other commercial services.

Transportation services covers sea, air and other including land, internal waterway, space and pipeline transport services that are performed by residents of one economy for those of another, and that involve the carriage of passengers, the movement of goods (freight), rentals (charters) of carriers with crew, and related supporting and auxiliary services

Travel includes goods and services acquired by personal travellers, for health, education or other purposes, and by business travellers. Unlike other services, travel is not a specifi c type of service, but an assortment of goods and services consumed by travellers. The most common goods and services covered are lodging, food and beverages, entertainment and transportation (within the economy visited), gifts and souvenirs.

Other commercial services corresponds to the following components defi ned in BPM5:

(i) communications services includes telecommunications, postal and courier services. Telecommunications services encompasses the transmission of sound, images or other information by telephone, telex, telegram, radio and television cable and broadcasting, satellite, electronic mail, facsimile services etc., including business network services, teleconferencing and support services. It does not include the value of the information transported. Also included are cellular telephone services, Internet backbone services and on-line access services, including provision of access to the Internet;

(ii) construction covers work performed on construction projects and installation by employees of an enterprise in locations outside the territory of the enterprise (the one-year rule to determine residency is to be applied fl exibly). In addition goods used by construction companies for their projects are included which implies that the “true” services component tends to be overestimated;

(iii) insurance services covers the provision of various types of insurance to non residents by resident insurance enterprises, and vice versa, for example, freight insurance, direct insurance (e.g. life) and reinsurance;

(iv) fi nancial services covers fi nancial intermediation and auxiliary services provided by banks, stock exchanges, factoring enterprises, credit card enterprises, and other enterprises;

(v) computer and information services is subdivided into computer services (hardware and software related services and data processing services), news agency services (provision of news, photographs, and feature articles to the media), and other information provision services (database services and web search portals);

(vi) royalties and licence fees, covering payments and receipts for the use of intangible non-fi nancial assets and proprietary rights, such as patents, copyrights, trademarks, industrial processes, and franchises;

(vii) other business services, comprising trade-related services, operational leasing (rentals), and miscellaneous business, professional and technical services such as legal, accounting, management consulting, public relations services, advertising, market research and public opinion polling, research and development services, architectural, engineering, and other technical services, agricultural, mining and on-site processing; and

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(viii) personal, cultural, and recreational services is subdivided into two categories, (i) audiovisual services and (ii) other cultural and recreational services. The fi rst component includes services and fees related to the production of motion pictures, radio and television programmes, and musical recordings. Other personal, cultural, and recreational services includes services such as those associated with museums, libraries, archives, and other cultural, sporting, and recreational activities.

Coverage and comparability

With the implementation of BPM5, the coverage and comparability of services trade data have improved over time. However, given that these improvements have been made gradually, they also resulted in a number of breaks in series and are subject to signifi cant distortions.

First, some countries do not collect statistics for certain service categories. Second, some service transactions are simply not registered. If central bank records are used, situations where no fi nancial intermediaries are employed are not counted. In the case of surveys, the coverage of trading establishments is often incomplete. A particularly serious problem is that services transmitted electronically are frequently unregistered as well as when the transactions take place within multinational corporations. Third, statistics may be reported on a net rather than on a gross basis, often as a result of compensation arrangements such as in rail transport or in communication services. Fourth some services transactions may be diffi cult to capture. It is often easier for compilers to collect more complete and reliable information on trade in services exports rather than on imports given the large number and diversity of importers compared to that of exporters, e.g. fi nancial services, computer services. Fifth, some particular service transactions may not be classifi ed to the appropriate BPM5 services classifi cation. Methodologies to build estimates for certain service categories may also differ between economies, notably due to the continuing efforts to improve these statistics. Some economies have made progress in the estimation of insurance services to take into account premium supplements and claim volatility (i.e. in the case of catastrophic events). Sixth, the alternate sources used for countries which are not members of the IMF do not necessarily comply with the IMF concepts and defi nitions. Seventh, misclassifi cation of transactions may lead to an underestimation of commercial services when service transactions are registered as income, transfers or trade in merchandise rather than trade in services or, conversely, to an overestimation of commercial services when transactions pertaining to income, transfers or offi cial transactions are registered in the private service categories.

These distortions may be particularly signifi cant at the detailed level, i.e., for a detailed service category, and may lead to considerable asymmetries between countries’ reported trade fl ows by origin and destination.

The estimation of world trade by services components has been based on reported economy data as shown in the following table:

Table IV.3

Number of economies reporting Balance of Payments services components for 2007

Exports Imports

Total commercial services 176 177Transportation services 160 163Travel 162 162Other commercial services 159 161

Communications services 141 141Telecommunications services 99 97

Construction 91 106Insurance services 137 151Financial services 109 116Computer and information services 101 116

Computer services 69 77Royalties and license fees 98 124Other business services 140 142Personal, cultural, and recreational services 92 95

Audiovisual and related services 62 63

First, total trade in commercial services from each of the seven regions is aggregated from the individual economy fi gures published. The breakdown of these data is then applied to missing countries before aggregating regional and world totals. Tables on major traders are based on reported data only.

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Bilateral trade

As from 2007, available reporters’ bilateral trade with the European Union refers to the EU(27).

Intra-trade of the European Union

The principal source for trade in commercial services are the IMF’s Balance-of-Payments statistics. Intra-EU trade fi gures have been estimated from statistics included in the New Cronos database, July 2009.

2.2.2 Foreign affi liates trade in services statistics

The new statistical framework on Foreign Affi liates Trade in Services (FATS) statistics is developed in the Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services. The acronym FATS is also used for “foreign affi liates statistics”. Both refer to the same statistical framework, the former focusing on services trade. It analyses the universe of foreign affi liates for which foreign investors own more than 50 per cent of the voting power or equity interest. Depending on the compiler’s view, one can distinguish inward FATS, that is, activities of foreign-owned affi liates in the compiling economy, or, outward FATS, that is, foreign affi liates of the compiling economy active abroad. Variables such as sales, value added, number of employees, etc. are used to describe the affi liates’ activities. These variables are broken down by country of origin or destination of investments and also by type of primary activity. Australia and the United States also provide a breakdown of sales into total goods and total services products. FATS statistics are currently available mainly for OECD and a small number of non-OECD economies. However, given the recent development of these statistics, comparability and coverage of individual economy data may not always be complete. Availability of detailed data and long-time series varies considerably between economies. From a GATS perspective, the size of mode 3 in a given country can be approximated through the sales of foreign-owned affi liates.

2.3 Other defi nitions and methods

2.3.1. Annual changes

Throughout this report, average annual percentage changes are analogous to compound interest rates. In calculating the average annual rate of change between 2000 and 2008, for example, data for calendar year 2000 were taken as the starting point, and data for calendar year 2008 as the end point.

2.3.2 Prices

Commodity price movements are primarily described by indices largely based on spot market prices, and therefore exclude transactions governed by longer-term contracts. Price indices for such commodities as food, beverages, agricultural raw materials, minerals, non-ferrous metals, fertilizers and crude petroleum are obtained from IMF International Financial Statistics. Aggregates for all primary commodities and for non-fuel primary commodities are calculated using IMF weights (Appendix table A33).

Export and import prices by commodity group of Germany, Japan and the United States are sourced from national statistics. Aggregates are calculated by weighting the countries’ price indices with the respective export and import values of the previous year (Appendix tables A34 and A35).

2.3.3 World merchandise trade indices

The volume and unit value indices are taken from a range of different international and national sources. The reported volume and unit value indices may not always be available for the most recent years or may differ in product coverage from the corresponding value indices.

Aggregation of the indices to obtain a world total is a two-tier process. First, export and import unit values from national and international sources are completed with Secretariat estimates for missing data. They are then aggregated to obtain regional totals. The volume index for each region is obtained by dividing the respective trade value index for each region by the corresponding regional unit value index.

Second, to obtain the total world merchandise volume index, regional unit value indices are aggregated and the

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world trade value is defl ated by the world unit value index. Throughout the aggregation process trade values of the previous year are used as weights.

2.3.4 World production

Production of agriculture (including hunting, forestry and fi sh), mining and manufacturing is defi ned according to major Categories A, B, C and D of the International Standard Industrial Classifi cation of all Economic Activities Revision 3 (ISIC). World production in these sectors is estimated by combining production indices published by the FAO, OECD, UNIDO and UNSD. The world index is derived through aggregation of the three sectors by using value added shares in 2000 as weights.

2.3.5 World gross domestic product

World GDP growth is estimated as a weighted average of economies’ real GDP growth. The weights used are shares of economies in 2000 world nominal GDP converted to dollars at market exchange rates.

The use of offi cial exchange rates which are not market-based for some major economies, together with the fl uctuations of the United States dollar vis-à-vis major currencies, can have a signifi cant impact on the weighting pattern. The increasing use of weights based on purchasing power parities (PPP) by other international organizations is meant to attenuate “anomalies” linked to these factors. In a period of widely diverging growth rates among countries and regions, the choice of the weighting pattern can have a marked infl uence on the global growth estimate. For the 2000-2008 period, global growth estimates based on PPP-weights indicate a signifi cantly faster growth than estimates using weights based on GDP data measured at market exchange rates. This is because of differences in the two weighting patterns. Relative to weights based on GDP at market exchange rates, PPP weights are low for the transition economies - especially the successor States of the former USSR with a poor growth record, and high for major developing countries (in particular China) with above average growth.

2.3.6 Re-exports and re-imports

Under the system of general trade adopted in this report, re-exports are included in total merchandise trade (seeSection II.1).

However, in the case of Hong Kong, China, the magnitude of its re-exports (amounting in 2008 to $353 billion), if included in regional or world aggregates, would adversely affect the analytical value of the statistics by introducing a signifi cant element of double counting. Therefore, Hong Kong, China’s re-exports are excluded from the world and from Asia aggregates (unless otherwise indicated); only Hong Kong, China’s domestic exports and retained imports are included in the totals. For this reason, the fi gures for world exports and for exports of Asia shown in Appendix tables A2 and A10 are smaller than those in Appendix table A6. When retained imports are not published, an approximation is made on the basis of re-export values.

China reports imports from China (re-imports), a trade fl ow which accounted for 8.2 per cent ($92.3 billion) of its total merchandise imports in 2008. These imports consist of products which have been produced in China and thereafter temporarily exported. The product structure of China’s imports from China indicates that in absolute terms offi ce and telecom equipment is the largest category ($47.5 billion) in this particular trade fl ow. The share of re-imports is particularly large in the imports of telecommunications equipment (38.3 per cent), EDP and offi ce equipment (34.4 per cent), electrical machinery (26.0 per cent) and in textiles (19.1 per cent). Further information on these imports is provided in Box 2 of the International Trade Statistics 2005.

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3. Specifi c notes for selected economies

3.1 Merchandise trade statistics of the European Union

Beginning with the 2002 report, EU data compiled according to national statistical practices have been replaced, starting 1993, with data compiled by Eurostat in accordance with EU legislation. The concepts and defi nitions adopted by the EU are in line with the United Nations’ International Trade Statistics, Concepts and Defi nitions, Series M, N° 52, Revision 2. As a result, the conceptual differences between EU member states’ data have been substantially reduced. Moreover, for the EU as a whole, Eurostat data are more timely than the previous source, thus reducing substantially the amount of estimation included in the EU aggregate.

Since January 1993, statistics on the trade between the member states of the EU have been collected through the “Intrastat” system (see GATT 1994, International Trade Trends and Statistics). The coverage of this system, which relies on reports submitted by fi rms for transactions above a minimum value, is not as wide as the previous one, which was based on customs declarations. This is particularly noticeable on the import side. For example, prior to the adoption of the Intrastat system, reported intra-EU imports (c.i.f.) closely matched reported intra-EU exports (f.o.b.). However, from 1993 onwards, the reported value of intra-EU imports has been on average around 3 per cent lower than the value of intra-EU exports, indicating a substantial under-reporting of intra-EU imports. As a result of this inconsistency, the Secretariat has substituted intra-EU exports data for intra-EU imports at the aggregate EU level when estimating regional and world totals. However, this adjustment is not allocated between EU member countries. Hence, the sum of reported imports of individual EU members does not add to the fi gure for EU imports as a whole. This adjustment is also refl ected in the volume estimates for the EU as a whole.

3.2 Trade of South Africa with SACU (South African Customs Union)

South Africa’s merchandise exports (and imports) exclude shipments to (from) other SACU members (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland). Partner statistics indicate that South African shipments amount to 80 percent of these countries’ total merchandise imports in 2002. This share – most likely – increased thereafter and represents an important trade fl ow for the African region. If South Africa’s exports would be adjusted for these shipments to SACU members, its total exports would increase by about $5 billion in 2008 and intra-African trade would be substantially higher, with intra-SACU trade being the largest intra trade fl ow for regional trade agreements in Africa.

3.3 Major breaks in data continuity of merchandise trade

Beginning 2003, Singapore includes merchandise trade with Indonesia.

With respect to the Russian Federation, considerable uncertainty remains about the accuracy of foreign trade statistics, especially as regards imports. A large proportion of the reported data on imports consists of offi cial estimates of infl ows of goods which enter the economy without being registered by the customs authorities. Such adjustments to import data accounted for 9 per cent of the offi cially reported totals in 2008; and, on the export side, for about 1 per cent of total reported exports.

Merchandise trade fl ows between the European Union member States include trade associated with fraudulent VAT declaration, which concerns mainly offi ce and telecommunications equipment. Between 2006 and 2007, intra-EU merchandise trade statistics have been particularly affected by a considerable reduction in this fraudulent trade in the United Kingdom.

3.4 Trade in services of the United States

Over recent years the United States Bureau of Economic Analysis has continuously improved its trade in commercial services estimates.

The latest major revision (in 2008) is the compilation of trade in commercial services covering affi liated as well as unaffi liated trade for individual services items (previously affi liated trade data for a number of other commercial services items where grouped under a single heading in US statistics). A number of changes in terms of content were also introduced. Beginning with 2006 and continuing with 2007 surveys of transactions in selected services and transactions

170

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in fi nancial services, transactions with affi liated and unaffi liated persons are collected on the same form and in the same detail. This in particular reduces the potential for duplicate reporting or omissions. It is important to note that given this major revision, some time series were signifi cantly revised and for some other detailed services items, including both affi liated and non affi liated trade, data are not available prior to 2006.

Another major revision was introduced in 2003, when the United States revised its methodology for estimating trade in insurance services. The new methodology measures insurance services as premiums less normal claims. Normal claims comprise two components: “regularly occurring claims” that are calculated as an average of all claims paid during the previous six years, and a share of “catastrophic claims” that is added-on to “regularly occurring claims” in equal increments over the two decades following their event.

As comprehensive data collection on insurance services started in 1986, the fi rst six-year average of “regularly occurring claims” could only be calculated for 1992. As a result, time series on trade in insurance services, and consequently on other commercial services, have been revised back to 1992. To complete the 2003 revision, in 2004 the United States added to insurance services an estimate of premium supplements (or income earned on technical reserves of insurance companies). Insurance companies provide fi nancial protection to policy holders through the pooling of risk and provide fi nancial intermediation services through the investment of reserves. The income is treated as accruing to the policy holders who pay it back to the insurers as supplements to premiums to cover the full cost of insurance. The investment income of insurance companies is not output in and of itself; it is used to impute the value of the implicit component of insurance services attributable to fi nancial intermediation.

3.5 Travel exports and transportation services exports and imports of Japan

In order to enhance the coverage of estimates of travel exports and imports, the Bank of Japan and the Japanese Ministry of Finance reviewed their compilation methodology, notably by including results from a new expenditure survey of foreign travellers as of 2003. This revision had a major impact on the estimates for travel exports. This methodology was reviewed in 2007 based on the results of a new survey (International Travelers’ Survey on Expenditures) which are used in the new compilation method to directly estimate the amounts spent by travelers to pay for goods and services. This applies to exports and imports data as from 2006. In order to maintain consistent growth rates, data shown in this report for Japanese 1995-2005 travel trade and trade in commercial services include provisional Secretariat estimates referring to the new compilation methodology (i.e. after January 2006) applied by the Japanese authorities and therefore they differ from 1995-2005 fi gures available elsewhere.

Data shown for transportation services in this report are consistent with revised 1996-2004 data published in 2006 by the Bank of Japan (based on a new methodology for measuring sea freight fares).

3.6 Trade in other commercial services of India

In the course of 2004, the Reserve Bank of India released new data following the introduction of a new reporting system to improve the coverage of Indian trade in services statistics (mainly affecting the item other business services).

3.7 Trade in commercial services of United Arab Emirates

Commercial services trade statistics of United Arab Emirates only cover transportation and travel.

3.8 Trade in commercial services of Nigeria

New data from 2005 compiled on the basis of BPM5 recommendations were released by the Bank of Nigeria in 2007. This results in a break in series for Nigerian data in 2005.

3.9 Trade in commercial services of South Africa

In 2006 the Reserve Bank of South Africa improved its commercial services estimates, and revised its data back to 2001 (resulting in a break in series for that year).

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3.10 Trade in other commercial services of Bahrain

New data compiled from 2004 for other commercial services items, resulting in a break in series for that year.

3.11 Trade in other commercial services of Oman

In 2008 new data compiled (new national data from new survey of corporate fi rms in 2007) for other commercial services items, resulting in a break in series for 2005 for exports and 2003 for imports.

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4. Statistical sources

Most frequently used sources for statistics are:

EUROSTAT, Comext and New Cronos databases

FAO, FAOSTAT Agriculture database

FAO, Production Yearbook

GTIS, Global Trade Atlas database

IMF, Balance of Payments Statistics

IMF, International Financial Statistics

IMF, World Economic Outlook database

OECD, Main Economic Indicators

OECD, Measuring Globalisation: The Role of Multinationals in OECD Economies

OECD, Monthly Statistics of International Trade

OECD, National Accounts

OECD, Statistics on International Trade in Services

OECD/IEA, Energy Prices & Taxes

UNECE, Economic Survey of Europe

UNECLAC, Overview of the Economies of Latin America and the Caribbean

UNIDO, National Accounts Statistics Database

UNSD, Comtrade database (for OECD members the UNSD-OECD Joint Trade Data Collection and Processing

system)

UNSD, International Trade Statistics Yearbook

UNSD, Monthly Bulletin of Statistics

World Bank, World Development Indicators

These sources are supplemented by national publications and other international databases and Secretariat estimates.

Figures for total merchandise trade are largely derived from IMF, International Financial Statistics. Data on merchandise trade by origin, destination and product are mainly obtained from Eurostat’s Comext database, the Global Trade Atlas and UNSD’s Comtrade database. Some inconsistencies in the aggregate export and import data for the same country or territory between sources are inevitable. These can be attributed to the use of different systems of recording trade, to the way in which for example IMF and UNSD have converted data expressed in national currencies into dollars, and revisions which can be more readily incorporated in the IMF data.

Statistics on trade in commercial services are mainly drawn from the IMF Balance of Payments Statistics. For economies that do not report to the IMF (e.g., Chinese Taipei) data are drawn from national sources. Estimations for missing data are mainly based on national statistics. Statistics on trade in commercial services by origin and destination are also derived from national statistics.

GDP series in current dollars are mainly derived from the World Bank World Development Indicators, supplemented in some cases with statistics from the IMF World Economic Outlook database.

Acknowledgements are due to the Food and Agriculture Organization, the International Monetary Fund, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the Statistical Offi ce of the European Communities, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, the United Nations Statistics Division, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, the World Intellectual Property Organization and the World Bank whose assistance in supplying advance information has greatly facilitated the work of the Secretariat. Acknowledgements are also due to national institutions for providing advance statistics.

Closing date for merchandise trade statistics (Customs basis) and commercial services (Balance of Payments basis) is 15 July 2009. For foreign affi liates trade in services statistics the closing date is 31 August 2009.

Appendix

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Table A1

(Index, 2000=100)

GDP

Total aAgricultural

products

Fuels and mining

products Manufactures Total aAgricultural

products

Fuels and mining

products Manufactures Total Agriculture Mining Manufacturing

1950 1 5 1 0 5 17 12 2 14 29 25 10 151951 1 7 1 1 5 18 13 3 15 30 27 11 161952 1 6 2 1 5 18 15 3 16 31 28 11 161953 1 6 2 1 6 19 16 3 17 32 29 12 171954 1 6 2 1 6 19 17 3 17 33 29 12 181955 1 6 2 1 7 21 18 4 19 34 32 14 191956 2 6 2 1 7 21 19 4 20 35 34 15 201957 2 7 2 1 8 23 21 4 20 35 34 15 201958 2 7 2 1 8 24 20 4 20 38 34 15 201959 2 7 2 1 9 27 21 5 22 39 35 17 221960 2 7 2 1 10 28 26 5 23 40 38 18 231961 2 7 3 1 10 30 27 6 24 40 41 19 241962 2 7 3 2 11 30 28 6 26 42 44 21 251963 2 8 3 2 12 31 30 7 28 43 46 22 271964 3 9 3 2 13 32 32 8 30 45 49 25 281965 3 9 4 2 14 34 33 9 32 45 51 27 301966 3 9 4 2 15 35 35 9 34 46 54 29 321967 3 9 4 3 16 36 39 10 36 48 55 31 331968 4 10 5 3 18 38 44 12 38 49 59 33 351969 4 10 5 3 20 40 46 13 40 49 61 35 371970 5 12 6 4 22 41 52 15 42 51 65 37 391971 6 12 7 5 24 42 53 16 44 52 68 39 411972 7 15 8 5 25 45 56 18 46 52 70 42 431973 9 22 11 7 29 46 62 20 50 55 74 46 461974 13 26 25 10 30 43 61 22 51 56 75 47 471975 14 27 24 10 28 44 54 21 50 58 71 45 471976 16 30 28 12 31 47 57 24 54 58 77 49 501977 18 34 31 14 33 49 59 25 56 60 79 51 521978 21 38 32 16 34 52 62 26 58 62 80 54 541979 26 47 47 20 36 55 66 28 60 63 87 56 561980 32 54 67 23 37 58 62 29 60 63 85 57 581981 32 53 65 23 36 61 55 30 60 65 78 57 591982 30 49 58 22 36 60 52 30 59 67 73 56 601983 29 48 53 22 37 60 52 31 61 67 72 58 621984 31 51 53 24 40 62 54 35 64 71 75 62 641985 31 48 51 25 41 61 54 36 66 73 74 64 671986 34 53 39 30 42 60 58 38 68 74 76 66 691987 39 61 43 36 45 64 59 40 71 75 77 69 711988 45 69 44 42 48 65 63 44 74 76 81 73 751989 48 72 50 45 52 67 66 47 77 79 85 75 781990 54 76 58 51 54 68 69 50 78 81 86 76 791991 55 76 55 53 56 70 72 52 77 81 85 75 801992 59 82 54 57 58 74 75 54 77 83 86 75 811993 59 78 52 57 61 75 77 56 77 83 88 75 821994 67 91 55 66 66 81 82 63 79 86 89 77 841995 80 107 63 79 71 85 85 68 83 88 91 81 861996 84 109 72 82 75 89 89 72 86 91 94 84 881997 87 108 74 86 82 94 95 80 90 94 97 89 911998 85 103 59 88 86 95 97 84 92 95 98 91 931999 89 99 68 91 90 96 97 88 95 98 96 94 962000 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1002001 96 100 90 96 100 102 99 100 99 102 100 98 1012002 101 106 91 101 103 105 101 103 100 103 100 100 1032003 117 124 113 117 109 109 107 109 104 106 104 103 1062004 143 142 151 142 120 113 113 122 110 111 108 110 1102005 163 154 210 155 127 119 117 131 114 113 110 114 1142006 188 171 268 176 138 127 122 144 118 115 111 120 1182007 218 205 309 203 147 133 126 155 120 118 111 122 1222008 250 243 411 223 149 137 126 159 120 121 112 121 124

Note : See the Metadata for the estimation of world aggregates of merchandise exports, production and GDP.

World merchandise exports, production and gross domestic product, 1950-2008

Volume

a Includes unspecified products.

Value

Exports Exports Production

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Table A.1 (continued)

(Annual percentage change)

GDP

Total aAgricultural

products

Fuels and mining

products Manufactures Total aAgricultural

products

Fuels and mining

products Manufactures Total Agriculture Mining Manufacturing

1950-63 7.4 3.7 8.5 10.1 7.7 4.5 7.2 8.6 5.2 2.9 4.8 6.6 4.71964 11.8 6.9 11.8 15.0 10.9 5.4 8.8 14.9 9.1 4.8 8.6 10.0 7.21965 8.3 4.3 7.1 10.9 6.6 5.1 3.2 7.4 5.6 0.0 3.9 9.1 4.11966 9.2 4.1 9.8 10.8 7.7 3.7 6.2 10.3 6.6 3.4 5.1 8.3 6.51967 5.2 -0.2 5.7 7.7 5.7 2.4 10.3 4.7 4.9 3.3 2.4 5.1 3.71968 11.0 4.1 14.2 14.9 10.8 5.7 12.0 17.9 5.9 3.2 7.1 7.3 5.91969 14.2 6.9 9.2 16.5 12.2 5.4 6.0 16.5 5.6 0.0 2.2 8.0 6.71970 14.6 10.6 13.6 15.4 8.7 3.1 12.4 8.7 5.3 3.1 7.5 5.3 5.11971 11.7 7.4 11.3 13.7 7.0 2.0 1.0 9.0 5.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 4.41972 18.3 20.3 14.1 19.4 8.4 6.9 6.9 10.1 4.8 0.0 2.9 6.7 5.61973 38.4 45.5 47.4 34.1 12.1 0.9 10.2 14.2 8.2 4.9 6.5 9.8 6.91974 44.9 21.7 122.9 31.3 5.4 -4.5 -1.7 8.8 2.5 1.9 1.8 3.3 2.11975 4.3 1.0 -4.0 8.8 -7.3 1.0 -12.0 -4.0 -1.6 3.6 -6.0 -3.9 1.41976 13.1 10.5 16.3 12.8 11.8 7.5 6.8 12.6 6.7 0.9 8.3 8.2 5.11977 13.7 13.5 10.6 14.7 4.2 3.5 2.7 5.0 3.9 2.6 3.4 4.5 4.21978 15.8 13.3 3.7 21.6 4.7 6.8 5.3 5.9 4.5 3.4 0.8 5.1 4.61979 27.0 24.4 47.0 21.3 5.2 4.8 5.9 5.0 3.6 0.8 8.9 4.1 4.01980 22.4 13.8 41.8 15.9 2.3 6.8 -6.3 5.9 -0.7 0.9 -2.6 0.7 2.91981 -1.2 -1.9 -3.2 -0.7 -0.6 5.0 -9.9 4.0 0.1 3.6 -7.9 0.2 2.01982 -6.4 -7.5 -10.6 -3.6 -2.2 -2.0 -5.8 -2.1 -1.0 3.2 -6.9 -1.4 0.81983 -2.0 -1.4 -8.0 0.5 2.6 0.2 -0.9 5.1 2.2 0.1 -0.9 3.1 2.91984 5.9 5.3 -0.9 8.1 8.4 2.8 4.8 10.8 6.5 5.3 3.8 7.2 4.61985 -0.3 -5.7 -3.2 3.8 2.6 -1.2 -1.2 4.8 2.8 2.4 -1.1 3.4 3.51986 9.4 11.1 -23.8 20.3 4.0 -1.7 9.1 4.1 2.8 1.8 3.0 3.1 3.41987 17.4 14.9 11.0 19.7 5.5 5.6 1.7 6.3 3.5 1.0 1.3 4.4 3.71988 13.7 13.1 0.9 16.1 8.5 2.7 5.6 9.5 4.9 1.7 5.3 5.7 4.51989 7.8 4.3 15.5 6.9 6.4 3.1 4.4 7.8 3.5 3.4 4.5 3.4 3.81990 12.9 4.7 16.2 14.4 3.9 0.7 5.7 5.5 1.3 2.5 1.0 1.0 2.51991 1.5 0.8 -6.2 3.3 3.7 3.3 3.3 3.6 -0.4 0.4 -0.5 -0.6 0.81992 6.7 7.1 -0.9 8.0 4.8 6.0 4.3 4.7 0.1 2.3 0.8 -0.5 1.11993 0.0 -4.1 -3.5 0.0 4.4 1.0 3.5 4.1 -0.1 0.6 2.0 -0.6 0.91994 13.6 15.8 5.1 15.6 9.3 8.7 6.7 11.1 2.8 2.9 1.6 2.9 2.21995 19.4 17.7 15.2 20.0 7.4 4.6 3.6 9.0 4.6 2.1 2.2 5.5 2.31996 4.6 2.5 14.2 3.5 5.1 3.9 3.9 5.3 3.5 4.3 2.7 3.5 3.31997 3.4 -1.3 2.7 4.6 10.1 5.9 7.1 11.0 4.9 2.4 3.3 5.7 3.41998 -1.5 -4.6 -20.6 2.3 4.6 1.5 2.5 4.8 2.2 1.6 1.1 2.4 2.11999 3.9 -3.7 15.6 3.3 4.6 1.0 -0.7 5.1 3.1 3.3 -1.3 3.6 2.92000 12.9 1.0 46.4 10.3 10.8 4.0 3.5 13.6 5.2 1.9 3.7 6.2 4.22001 -4.1 0.3 -9.8 -3.7 -0.2 1.7 -0.9 -0.4 -1.1 1.6 -0.1 -1.9 1.52002 4.8 5.8 1.2 5.3 3.5 3.3 2.1 3.8 1.3 1.6 0.1 1.5 1.92003 16.9 16.5 23.3 15.8 5.6 3.6 5.3 5.9 3.6 2.7 3.6 3.8 2.62004 21.7 14.9 34.4 20.5 9.7 3.8 6.0 11.5 5.6 5.0 4.4 6.0 3.92005 13.9 8.2 38.6 9.8 6.5 5.8 3.8 7.3 3.6 2.0 1.7 4.3 3.32006 15.6 11.2 28.0 13.1 8.3 6.2 3.8 10.3 4.1 1.5 1.0 5.3 3.72007 15.6 19.8 15.1 15.3 6.2 5.0 3.4 7.6 1.6 2.5 0.1 1.7 3.52008 15.1 18.9 33.0 9.9 1.7 2.5 0.7 2.2 -0.4 2.8 1.1 -1.3 1.7

a Includes unspecified products.Note : See the Metadata for the estimation of world aggregates of merchandise exports, production and GDP.

World merchandise exports, production and gross domestic product, 1950-2008

Exports Exports Production

VolumeValue

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176

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Table A2

Network of world merchandise trade by region, 2006-2008

(Billion dollars)

Destination World aSouth and C. America

Origin Total Total EU (27) Total

World 2006 11812.00 2365.19 1816.55 362.78 5137.32 4727.53 409.79 293.93 163.222007 13656.00 2517.69 1922.82 447.93 5971.19 5475.37 495.82 401.73 227.902008 15717.00 2708.31 2058.99 582.70 6735.57 6160.04 575.53 516.72 287.44

North America 2006 1664.08 902.39 528.41 106.22 276.20 249.52 26.68 8.26 5.522007 1840.30 951.60 555.06 129.52 325.28 291.01 34.26 12.17 8.512008 2035.68 1014.49 587.86 164.88 369.06 323.26 45.81 16.03 10.86

United States 2006 1025.97 364.92 . 87.25 235.84 212.72 23.11 7.06 4.702007 1148.20 385.42 . 105.35 272.46 244.17 28.30 10.50 7.282008 1287.44 413.15 . 134.98 311.08 271.81 39.27 13.82 9.33

South and Central America 2006 435.28 145.63 126.94 101.48 89.25 81.99 7.25 6.17 5.552007 497.60 149.71 130.80 122.87 105.70 96.51 9.19 6.56 5.792008 599.66 169.19 149.35 158.62 121.30 109.43 11.87 8.98 7.49

Europe 2006 4975.97 430.25 363.75 66.03 3667.21 3394.48 272.74 143.18 96.352007 5791.34 458.10 384.60 80.04 4262.83 3939.39 323.43 190.29 129.672008 6446.55 475.35 394.64 96.44 4695.03 4331.41 363.62 239.96 164.58

European Union (27) 2006 4591.18 393.03 334.37 61.48 3394.36 3135.56 258.80 131.66 89.902007 5338.69 419.30 354.29 74.17 3942.90 3638.02 304.89 174.47 120.832008 5898.44 434.71 362.67 88.99 4313.51 3973.53 339.99 218.34 153.16

Other Europe 2006 384.48 37.22 29.38 4.55 272.85 258.91 13.94 11.51 6.452007 452.65 38.79 30.31 5.87 319.92 301.37 18.55 15.81 8.842008 548.11 40.64 31.97 7.45 381.52 357.89 23.63 21.62 11.43

CIS 2006 430.91 23.86 21.20 5.74 257.40 215.65 41.74 79.42 21.482007 519.28 27.61 24.98 6.43 295.90 240.86 55.04 103.00 29.022008 702.76 36.12 32.78 10.05 405.55 338.41 67.14 134.67 35.52

Russian Federation 2006 303.55 20.54 18.66 4.28 193.73 164.53 29.20 43.38 . 2007 354.40 19.86 18.20 4.25 220.53 184.77 35.76 53.83 . 2008 471.60 26.91 25.14 5.26 297.79 254.92 42.87 71.15 .

Africa 2006 369.66 83.31 75.69 10.02 155.71 143.06 12.65 0.65 0.502007 434.60 98.00 87.83 12.83 167.54 155.78 11.77 0.95 0.672008 557.81 121.65 105.31 18.50 218.11 202.22 15.89 1.47 0.91

Middle East 2006 661.32 74.60 71.43 3.84 91.15 79.40 11.74 6.45 1.312007 769.18 79.96 76.21 4.00 98.86 84.83 14.03 8.95 1.482008 1021.22 116.49 111.42 6.88 125.50 106.98 18.52 7.20 1.74

Asia 2006 3275.11 705.15 629.13 69.46 600.40 563.42 36.98 49.81 32.512007 3803.58 752.71 663.35 92.25 715.08 666.98 48.10 79.82 52.762008 4353.04 775.02 677.62 127.33 801.01 748.33 52.68 108.41 66.33

Japan 2006 646.73 164.72 145.47 12.00 100.69 94.00 6.69 8.30 7.052007 714.33 164.47 143.66 15.00 112.67 105.44 7.23 12.51 10.762008 782.05 158.14 137.39 19.22 119.35 110.24 9.10 19.27 16.49

China 2006 968.98 284.20 254.97 26.64 244.26 231.36 12.90 28.00 15.832007 1218.62 326.21 289.36 39.32 317.69 299.17 18.52 48.00 28.472008 1428.33 349.93 308.18 56.62 371.47 351.71 19.76 64.55 33.01

Australia & New Zealand 2006 145.85 13.08 10.54 1.76 19.63 18.79 0.84 0.73 0.602007 168.29 14.28 11.41 2.04 22.05 19.89 2.16 0.83 0.662008 217.84 15.86 13.32 3.27 25.11 23.55 1.56 1.51 1.10

Other Asia 2006 1513.56 243.15 218.14 29.07 235.82 219.26 16.55 12.79 9.032007 1702.34 247.76 218.93 35.88 262.67 242.49 20.19 18.48 12.872008 1924.83 251.10 218.74 48.23 285.08 262.83 22.25 23.07 15.73

Other Europe

Russian Federation

North America Europe

United States

CIS

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Table A2 (continued)

Network of world merchandise trade by region, 2006-2008

(Billion dollars)

Middle East

Total Total Total China Other Origin

294.08 68.56 225.52 396.87 2833.94 542.54 147.79 2143.62 624.84 1518.78 2006 World 363.99 78.83 285.16 490.94 3294.22 613.61 171.47 2509.14 746.06 1763.08 2007 457.73 89.92 367.82 618.11 3903.39 708.55 205.54 2989.29 879.29 2111.78 2008

21.53 5.20 16.33 40.08 308.34 68.36 22.78 217.20 62.22 154.98 2006 North America 27.65 6.40 21.25 48.87 343.55 71.68 24.49 247.38 73.68 173.71 2007 33.62 7.55 26.06 60.18 375.51 77.66 27.93 269.92 81.55 188.37 2008

18.82 4.46 14.36 37.19 274.21 58.46 20.35 195.40 53.65 141.75 2006 United States 24.05 5.52 18.53 45.12 304.40 61.16 21.89 221.35 62.91 158.45 2007 28.77 6.49 22.28 55.00 329.41 65.14 24.75 239.51 69.71 169.80 2008

11.30 2.67 8.63 7.89 60.60 12.84 1.00 46.76 23.50 23.26 2006 South and Central America 13.72 3.16 10.56 9.12 79.82 15.86 1.43 62.53 33.99 28.54 2007 16.75 3.06 13.70 11.85 100.56 17.14 2.43 80.99 44.21 36.78 2008

121.02 25.93 95.09 129.37 368.74 62.25 31.83 274.66 84.91 189.75 2006 Europe 148.11 29.20 118.92 153.01 433.72 65.93 37.05 330.74 104.59 226.15 2007 185.51 31.12 154.39 188.59 486.46 69.12 43.60 373.74 122.90 250.84 2008

113.33 24.59 88.74 113.16 337.62 55.22 29.81 252.58 79.14 173.43 2006 European Union (27) 138.45 27.65 110.80 132.29 395.93 58.45 34.52 302.96 97.31 205.65 2007 171.85 28.94 142.91 156.12 440.55 60.36 40.68 339.50 113.67 225.82 2008

7.69 1.33 6.35 16.21 31.13 7.02 2.02 22.09 5.77 16.32 2006 Other Europe 9.66 1.54 8.12 20.72 37.79 7.48 2.53 27.77 7.28 20.50 2007 13.66 2.18 11.48 32.47 45.91 8.75 2.92 34.24 9.22 25.02 2008

5.00 0.04 4.96 13.09 44.92 6.47 0.08 38.36 20.92 17.45 2006 CIS 7.43 0.05 7.39 16.61 59.83 12.42 0.09 47.32 24.72 22.60 2007 10.49 0.18 10.31 24.99 76.75 13.35 0.20 63.20 31.19 32.01 2008

2.35 0.02 2.33 4.05 35.13 5.99 0.03 29.11 15.80 13.31 2006 Russian Federation 4.12 0.01 4.11 7.02 44.39 9.51 0.05 34.82 17.72 17.10 2007 5.33 0.04 5.29 8.62 54.90 11.99 0.09 42.83 21.43 21.40 2008

34.20 7.45 26.75 9.15 68.78 11.82 1.81 55.14 25.45 29.69 2006 Africa 41.78 9.22 32.56 10.21 82.39 12.51 1.55 68.33 32.13 36.20 2007 53.44 11.65 41.79 14.00 113.86 17.28 2.44 94.14 47.91 46.23 2008

29.28 6.95 22.33 85.98 343.43 110.39 3.20 229.85 36.61 193.23 2006 Middle East 31.84 7.54 24.30 102.57 408.70 144.13 4.04 260.53 42.57 217.96 2007 36.60 11.28 25.32 122.10 568.86 172.14 5.46 391.25 75.05 316.20 2008

71.75 20.32 51.43 111.31 1639.13 270.41 87.09 1281.63 371.22 910.42 2006 Asia 93.45 23.26 70.19 150.54 1886.20 291.09 102.80 1492.31 434.38 1057.93 2007 121.32 25.07 96.25 196.40 2181.40 341.87 123.47 1716.06 474.71 1241.35 2008

8.68 4.06 4.62 19.17 322.16 . 14.58 307.57 111.52 196.05 2006 Japan 10.55 4.61 5.94 26.23 360.99 . 16.72 344.27 129.67 214.61 2007 12.52 4.63 7.89 34.02 406.24 . 19.83 386.41 144.39 242.03 2008

26.19 5.77 20.43 29.56 329.45 112.03 18.78 198.64 . 198.64 2006 China 36.52 7.43 29.09 43.98 405.32 124.80 24.68 255.84 . 255.84 2007 50.16 8.59 41.56 58.36 476.15 138.50 29.88 307.77 . 307.77 2008

3.66 1.86 1.81 5.38 99.32 26.72 11.33 61.27 16.61 44.66 2006 Australia & New Zealand 4.16 2.26 1.90 6.63 115.24 29.06 13.76 72.42 21.99 50.44 2007 4.77 2.24 2.53 8.80 155.24 45.14 15.03 95.07 29.15 65.91 2008

33.22 8.64 24.58 57.21 888.20 131.67 42.39 714.15 243.09 471.06 2006 Other Asia 42.23 8.97 33.26 73.71 1004.65 137.23 47.64 819.78 282.73 537.05 2007 53.87 9.61 44.27 95.21 1143.76 158.23 58.73 926.80 301.17 625.64 2008

a Includes unspecified destinations.Note : For sources and methods see the Metadata.

South Africa

DestinationAfrica Asia

JapanOther AsiaAustralia/

New ZealandOther Africa

178

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A3

(Billion dollars)

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

European Union (27)Total exports 2453 2469 2638 3149 3762 4065 4591 5339 5898

Intra-exports 1668 1677 1794 2166 2577 2756 3136 3638 3974Extra-exports 785 792 843 983 1185 1310 1456 1701 1925

Total imports 2580 2549 2672 3214 3855 4222 4830 5603 6256Intra-imports 1663 1673 1786 2156 2576 2754 3133 3638 3974Extra-imports 917 877 886 1058 1278 1468 1697 1965 2282

NAFTATotal exports 1225 1148 1106 1163 1320 1476 1664 1840 2036

Intra-exports 680 633 621 650 739 824 901 950 1013Extra-exports 544 515 486 513 581 651 763 890 1022

Total imports 1687 1583 1604 1727 2012 2287 2545 2706 2911Intra-imports 671 629 620 642 718 793 867 918 968Extra-imports 1016 954 984 1085 1294 1494 1678 1788 1943

ASEANTotal exports a 432 388 407 475 569 656 770 864 990

Intra-exports a 99 87 92 117 142 165 192 218 252Extra-exports 333 301 315 358 427 491 578 645 738

Total imports a 381 347 367 412 514 603 688 775 937Intra-imports a 86 77 84 101 125 151 174 194 229Extra-imports 294 270 282 310 387 452 514 582 708

MERCOSURTotal exports 85 88 89 106 136 164 190 224 278

Intra-exports 18 15 10 13 17 21 26 32 42Extra-exports 67 73 79 93 119 143 164 191 237

Total imports 90 84 62 69 95 114 141 184 259Intra-imports 18 16 11 13 18 22 26 34 45Extra-imports 72 68 52 56 77 91 114 150 214

Andean CommunityTotal exports 26 25 26 30 39 51 65 77 94

Intra-exports 2 2 3 3 3 5 5 6 7Extra-exports 24 23 23 27 36 47 60 71 87

Total imports 25 27 28 31 37 46 56 71 93Intra-imports 2 3 3 3 4 5 6 7 9Extra-imports 22 25 25 27 33 41 50 64 85

Merchandise trade of selected regional trade agreements, 2000-2008

a Excludes Singapore's trade with Indonesia in 2000-2001.

179

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A4

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

ExportsWorld a 5501.4 5712.2 6456.4 6191.2 6492.7 7585.8 9218.5 10489.4 12112.2 13987.2 16070.0North America and Europe

EFTA 121.2 127.8 142.5 143.4 153.6 175.5 208.2 237.8 273.5 313.2 378.2European Union (27) ... 2357.0 2452.6 2469.5 2637.6 3148.9 3762.4 4065.3 4591.2 5338.7 5898.4NAFTA 1013.9 1070.6 1224.9 1147.5 1106.2 1162.9 1319.6 1475.8 1664.0 1840.3 2035.6

South and Central AmericaAndean Community 21.9 23.2 26.2 25.3 26.0 30.0 38.9 51.4 64.8 76.7 94.1CACM 14.0 14.8 15.5 14.4 16.7 18.0 19.9 21.7 24.2 27.0 29.3CARICOM 5.8 6.4 8.1 7.8 7.3 9.0 11.0 14.9 20.2 20.0 24.8MERCOSUR 81.4 74.3 84.6 87.8 88.8 106.1 135.8 164.0 190.2 223.7 278.3

AfricaCEMAC 5.8 6.7 8.4 8.4 8.9 11.6 16.6 23.0 26.9 30.0 43.2COMESA 21.9 22.6 30.8 28.0 28.6 37.5 49.2 66.1 81.8 98.4 126.1ECCAS 10.9 12.7 17.2 16.0 18.5 22.5 32.0 49.4 61.3 77.3 114.6ECOWAS 20.4 24.4 30.3 27.6 29.5 37.0 53.7 67.1 78.1 86.1 105.5SADC 42.4 44.0 50.5 48.5 51.5 61.7 79.4 97.5 115.9 143.3 179.6WAEMU 7.6 7.7 6.7 7.0 8.7 9.8 11.6 12.7 14.2 14.7 17.6

Middle East and AsiaASEAN 331.1 362.1 432.0 387.6 407.4 474.8 568.9 656.0 769.6 863.7 990.2GCC 96.0 118.2 176.0 160.2 167.9 212.7 285.2 397.6 480.7 558.9 751.8SAPTA 52.6 55.0 64.2 64.4 70.8 84.0 105.2 132.6 158.1 186.9 223.5

Memorandum:ACP 88.0 95.2 113.1 107.3 112.2 136.6 181.5 226.8 269.7 314.7 394.3LDCs 25.6 28.8 36.3 36.1 40.4 46.1 61.3 83.4 103.9 128.7 173.5WTO Members (153) a 5356.3 5550.1 6218.2 5971.5 6267.2 7306.4 8840.4 9979.8 11465.8 13218.8 15038.3

ImportsWorld a 5682.7 5921.2 6727.3 6485.4 6744.7 7864.5 9570.9 10857.1 12430.1 14273.4 16422.5North America and Europe

EFTA 120.1 116.5 119.5 119.3 124.3 143.1 168.0 187.0 211.8 248.2 278.7European Union (27) ... 2419.1 2579.9 2549.4 2672.1 3214.2 3854.5 4221.7 4830.4 5602.6 6255.8NAFTA 1281.4 1425.7 1686.8 1582.7 1604.3 1726.6 2011.7 2287.4 2544.9 2705.5 2910.9

South and Central AmericaAndean Community 30.4 22.3 24.5 27.2 28.4 30.6 36.9 46.3 56.4 70.7 93.3CACM 19.6 20.2 21.9 23.1 26.2 28.2 32.1 36.2 41.5 47.4 54.4CARICOM 12.5 12.4 14.1 14.0 14.1 15.1 17.0 20.2 22.9 26.0 31.8MERCOSUR 99.2 82.7 89.9 84.2 62.3 69.1 95.1 113.9 140.7 184.1 259.0

AfricaCEMAC 4.1 3.9 3.8 5.1 5.9 6.0 6.9 7.9 10.4 13.0 15.2COMESA 40.5 37.1 35.5 36.5 35.6 39.8 51.2 64.7 75.3 94.6 119.9ECCAS 7.7 7.9 7.9 9.6 11.2 13.5 15.2 19.3 23.0 31.1 42.1ECOWAS 21.1 21.8 20.9 23.6 19.7 25.9 32.7 43.1 46.9 59.8 79.2SADC 47.7 45.4 48.2 46.9 48.9 65.5 84.8 98.6 118.7 139.6 167.4WAEMU 7.8 8.1 7.4 7.4 7.9 10.2 12.4 14.8 15.7 19.0 23.1

Middle East and AsiaASEAN 287.3 309.8 380.7 347.1 366.8 411.8 513.8 602.9 688.0 775.5 936.7GCC 84.0 78.3 85.4 90.4 99.3 117.3 154.3 188.3 225.1 292.6 368.0SAPTA 67.4 73.5 80.6 77.6 84.5 105.2 140.7 194.4 232.8 283.8 379.1

Memorandum:ACP 110.2 108.1 113.7 117.0 115.3 141.0 175.8 215.4 253.9 301.4 370.5LDCs 39.8 42.0 43.9 47.7 50.2 59.8 71.5 87.4 100.7 124.3 158.4WTO Members (153) a 5532.4 5793.7 6581.5 6319.7 6566.6 7652.7 9285.2 10513.7 12025.1 13756.1 15753.0

a Includes significant re-exports or imports for re-export.

Merchandise trade by selected groups of economies, 1998-2008

(Billion dollars)

180

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A5

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

ExportsWorld 1340.8 1394.8 1481.3 1484.4 1596.4 1832.4 2220.7 2480.3 2816.9 3372.4 3777.9North America and Europe

EFTA 42.1 45.6 47.9 47.0 50.0 57.2 69.1 80.1 88.8 107.5 122.9European Union (27) 611.7 629.6 643.3 667.1 735.5 879.5 1061.0 1165.6 1313.3 1586.6 1753.9NAFTA 283.1 305.9 330.9 317.1 325.2 339.8 393.2 432.7 484.0 553.9 604.6

South and Central AmericaAndean Community 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.2 4.6 5.4 6.2 7.2 8.3 9.2CACM 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 5.1 5.9 6.7 7.7 8.6CARICOM 6.5 7.1 7.3 6.8 7.1 7.6 8.5 9.1 9.6 10.2 10.7MERCOSUR 13.7 13.2 15.6 14.8 13.5 15.3 18.5 23.3 27.9 35.5 43.8

AfricaCEMAC 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2COMESA 11.5 13.4 13.8 13.0 13.5 15.6 20.1 21.6 23.8 29.7 36.3ECCAS 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.8 2.1ECOWAS 2.8 2.9 3.7 3.8 4.8 6.1 6.4 I 6.6 7.9 11.1 ...SADC 8.9 8.9 8.8 8.8 9.0 12.7 15.0 17.0 18.3 21.5 21.4WAEMU 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.9 ...

Middle East and AsiaASEAN 57.4 62.8 68.0 67.3 74.0 78.5 104.1 116.0 135.4 169.6 180.1GCC 9.1 9.9 9.9 10.6 11.0 12.8 16.0 21.3 29.2 33.6 ...SAPTA 14.3 17.3 19.3 20.4 22.7 27.6 42.5 56.9 76.2 93.2 109.1

Memorandum:ACP 26.2 28.0 29.2 29.0 30.4 37.1 42.4 49.8 54.3 64.1 67.9LDCs 5.6 5.9 6.1 6.3 6.7 7.3 8.9 9.7 11.3 14.3 ...WTO Members (153) 1311.8 1369.1 1453.6 1453.7 1558.7 1784.8 2164.4 2415.5 2741.5 3279.9 3660.8

ImportsWorld 1312.5 1365.0 1454.2 1473.2 1560.4 1781.3 2119.4 2352.3 2627.6 3113.9 3489.2North America and Europe

EFTA 30.6 31.0 30.5 32.0 35.0 40.3 49.3 58.5 61.9 75.1 83.0European Union (27) 586.8 605.2 619.5 640.9 694.0 827.2 965.2 1050.6 1153.5 1371.6 1512.6NAFTA 216.4 237.6 268.2 264.2 270.9 291.7 335.9 365.9 408.7 446.7 479.3

South and Central AmericaAndean Community 7.3 6.8 7.1 7.6 7.5 7.9 9.0 10.4 11.8 13.7 16.4CACM 3.3 3.6 4.0 4.0 4.3 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.3 7.1 7.8CARICOM 4.0 4.1 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.7 5.2 5.7 6.2 6.8 7.2MERCOSUR 26.2 23.2 25.8 25.2 19.2 20.7 23.5 31.0 36.7 46.8 58.9

AfricaCEMAC 3.3 3.2 3.4 4.1 4.2 4.5 5.9 6.7 7.7 9.5 11.0COMESA 12.0 11.6 13.3 12.8 13.2 13.4 16.5 20.8 23.4 28.6 34.1ECCAS 6.4 5.8 6.1 7.7 7.5 7.8 10.9 14.0 15.9 22.5 25.6ECOWAS 8.0 7.3 6.6 8.2 8.7 10.6 11.7 I 12.5 15.6 22.5 ...SADC 13.1 12.5 12.6 13.0 13.0 15.6 20.5 25.1 28.1 36.7 40.1WAEMU 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.9 3.6 4.2 4.5 4.9 5.9 ...

Middle East and AsiaASEAN 66.5 74.9 86.6 88.6 93.5 103.6 124.5 137.9 155.8 181.9 202.6GCC 24.5 24.3 26.7 24.2 25.8 29.7 38.0 49.1 63.7 88.4 ...SAPTA 19.1 22.0 24.5 25.5 26.1 31.5 44.7 59.1 71.6 85.5 100.5

Memorandum:ACP 34.7 32.9 33.5 35.9 36.8 42.1 51.1 60.1 70.0 89.9 99.6LDCs 12.9 12.4 13.1 15.2 15.1 16.6 21.0 26.2 29.9 39.6 ...WTO Members (153) 1278.7 1333.8 1417.4 1430.3 1507.8 1717.4 2040.4 2260.1 2521.3 2980.3 3325.7

Trade in commercial services by selected groups of economies, 1998-2008

(Billion dollars)

181

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A6

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

World a 5501000 5712000 6456000 6191000 6493000 7586000 9219000 10489000 12112000 13987000 16070000North America 1013975 1070690 1224975 1147545 1106240 1162965 1319700 1475825 1664075 1840300 2035675

Canada 214327 238446 276635 259858 252394 272739 316762 360475 388091 420235 456464Mexico 117460 136391 166367 158547 160682 165396 187980 214207 249961 271821 291729United States 682138 695797 781918 729100 693103 724771 814875 901082 1025967 1148199 1287442

South and Central America 165800 166000 197800 190700 193100 221500 287900 359500 435300 497600 599700Antigua and Barbuda 36 38 52 41 39 45 57 83 74 76 80Argentina 26441 23333 26341 26543 25650 29566 34576 40351 46546 55779 70023Bahamas 300 462 576 423 446 425 477 549 694 802 989Barbados 252 264 272 259 242 250 278 359 441 474 395Belize 172 186 218 169 169 205 213 208 274 267 310Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 17707 20963 33529 26667 26781 27230 39668 55716 65210 69165 93542Bolivia 1104 1051 1230 1285 1299 1598 2146 2791 3875 4458 6448Brazil 51140 48011 55086 58223 60362 73084 96678 118529 137807 160649 197942Chile 16323 17162 19210 18272 18180 21664 32520 41267 58680 67666 66456Colombia 10852 11576 13040 12290 11911 13080 16224 21190 24391 29991 37626Costa Rica 5511 6577 5865 5021 5264 6102 6301 7026 8200 9337 9504Cuba 1512 1496 1676 1661 1421 1688 2332 2319 3159 3998 3500Dominica 63 54 53 44 43 40 42 42 41 37 40Dominican Republic 4989 5137 5737 5276 5165 5471 5936 6145 6610 7160 6949Ecuador 4203 4451 4927 4678 5042 6223 7753 10100 12728 14321 18511El Salvador 2452 2510 2941 2864 2996 3128 3305 3418 3706 3984 4549Grenada 35 36 48 43 38 42 32 28 25 33 31Guatemala 2582 2398 2696 2466 | 4162 4459 5036 5381 6013 6898 7738Guyana 484 523 498 478 487 513 593 553 588 698 799Haiti 320 334 318 274 280 347 391 470 509 522 490Honduras 2929 2777 3343 3423 3745 3754 4534 5048 5277 5594 6046Jamaica 1312 1240 1304 1220 1114 1180 1402 1532 1983 2169 2703Netherlands Antilles 1169 1451 2009 2398 1609 1161 | 521 608 695 676 1140Nicaragua 573 545 645 589 561 605 756 866 1050 1225 1489Panama 784 822 859 911 846 864 944 1018 1093 1164 1180Paraguay 1014 741 869 990 951 1242 1627 1688 1906 2785 4434Peru 5757 6113 7028 7013 7714 9091 12809 17368 23830 27882 31529Saint Kitts and Nevis 28 28 33 31 39 41 40 34 40 39 38Saint Lucia 62 56 43 44 44 62 80 64 94 108 164Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 50 49 47 41 38 38 37 40 38 48 52Suriname 436 342 399 403 469 638 874 997 1260 1359 1743Trinidad and Tobago 2258 2804 4274 4280 3880 5178 6517 9942 14151 13396 16929Uruguay 2771 2237 2295 2060 1861 2206 2931 3422 3989 4514 5949

Europe 2513200 2521770 2633985 2655665 2839425 3386535 4051100 4397005 4975965 5791340 6446555Albania 208 351 258 307 340 448 605 658 798 1078 1355Austria 64085 66061 67710 70751 78673 97146 118376 125182 136751 163620 180966Belgium - 179152 188371 190349 216127 255617 306866 334400 366935 432087 475550Belgium-Luxembourg - - - - - - - - - - -Bosnia and Herzegovina 605 751 1069 1032 1005 1340 1793 2400 3323 4166 5064Bulgaria 4300 3979 4852 5118 5733 7543 9932 11739 15064 18518 22470Croatia 4517 4303 4432 4666 4904 6187 8024 8773 10377 12364 14112Cyprus 1061 997 951 976 843 923 948 1465 1333 1394 1599Czech Republic 25855 26556 29094 33324 38492 48702 68986 78110 94929 122498 146321Denmark 49013 50296 51292 51705 57495 66512 77079 85121 92558 102654 116759Estonia 3245 3017 3830 4015 4336 5622 | 5932 7716 9692 11010 12451Finland 43752 42243 46102 43237 45145 53171 61520 65498 77206 90025 96455France 320631 325526 327611 323379 331719 392039 452106 463428 495868 551882 605403FYR Macedonia 1311 1191 1323 1158 1116 1367 1676 2041 2401 3356 3978

World merchandise exports by region and selected economy, 1998-2008

(Million dollars)

182

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A6 (continued)

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Germany 543752 543539 551810 571645 615831 751560 909887 970914 1108107 1321214 1461853Greece 10867 11070 11751 11352 10414 13382 15308 17278 20749 23580 25242Hungary 23005 25032 28192 30436 34517 43094 55567 62936 75255 95400 107709Iceland 1931 2004 1901 2019 2229 2381 2839 3091 3453 4772 5382Ireland 64330 71239 77413 82835 88265 92755 104788 109657 108726 121543 124101Italy 245801 235564 240518 244490 254427 299333 353782 373135 416875 499882 538028Latvia 1810 1723 1868 2001 2285 2893 4009 5161 6155 8308 10112Lithuania 3710 3004 3810 4583 5475 7162 | 9302 11807 14142 17144 23632Luxembourg - 8203 8378 9759 10214 13297 16250 18797 22903 22415 25385Malta 1834 1978 2453 1822 2028 2252 2517 2399 2796 3078 2797Montenegro - - - - - - - - 813 905 784Netherlands 213977 218579 233130 230855 244058 296012 357417 406372 463629 550755 633006Norway 40402 45479 60058 59191 59662 68321 82527 103759 122208 136357 172517Poland 28230 27359 31747 35998 41133 53762 75047 89437 110780 140146 168042Portugal 24793 24541 24363 24108 25908 31757 35787 38150 43332 51515 55833Romania 8300 8518 10412 11394 13877 17662 23553 27688 32458 40488 49393Serbia - - - - - - - - 6428 8825 10972Serbia and Montenegro 2858 1498 1723 1903 2275 2650 3979 5065 - - -Slovak Republic 10724 10211 11832 12595 14405 21837 27745 31889 41851 58171 70962Slovenia 9048 8560 8770 9267 10366 12766 16361 19248 23230 30102 34105Spain 111973 104433 115251 116660 125687 156147 182623 192644 213717 253297 268339Sweden 84767 84889 87132 75645 81499 102104 123267 130962 147793 168870 183356Switzerland 78856 80300 80500 82144 91699 104822 122844 130930 147856 172078 200334Turkey 26974 26588 27775 31334 36059 47253 63167 73476 85535 107272 132002United Kingdom 273949 272167 285425 272715 280195 305627 347493 384477 448653 439091 458572

European Union (27) b ... 2356999 2452621 2469464 2637595 3148935 3762448 4065347 4591173 5338688 5898440extra-EU(27) exports ... 728029 784819 792343 843379 983280 1185380 1309688 1455610 1700670 1924912

European Union (15) 2233600 2237500 2316260 2319485 2465660 2926460 ... ... ... ... ...extra-EU(15) exports 822240 810215 870070 882840 943035 1108095 ... ... ... ... ...

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 106800 106460 145725 144315 153200 194595 265495 343705 430915 519285 702760Armenia 221 232 294 343 505 686 723 974 985 1152 1069Azerbaijan 605 929 1745 2314 2167 2592 3615 7649 13015 21269 30586Belarus 7070 5909 7326 7451 8021 9946 13774 15979 19734 24275 32902Georgia 191 238 323 318 346 461 647 865 993 1240 1498Kazakhstan 5334 5872 8812 8639 9670 12927 20093 27849 38250 47755 71172Kyrgyz Republic 514 454 505 476 486 582 719 672 794 1135 1642Moldova 630 465 472 568 644 790 985 1091 1052 1342 1591Russian Federation 74884 75665 105565 101884 107301 135929 183207 243798 303551 354403 471603Tajikistan 595 690 785 650 738 797 915 909 1399 1468 1406Turkmenistan 590 1187 2506 2700 2850 3632 3870 4944 7155 7920 11920Ukraine 12637 11582 14573 16265 17957 23067 32666 34228 38368 49296 67003Uzbekistan 3530 3235 2817 2708 2513 3189 4280 4749 5617 8029 10369

Africa 106100 116700 148600 138800 144800 179400 239700 311200 369700 434600 557800Algeria 10209 12525 22031 19133 18799 23163 31304 46002 54613 60163 79298Angola 3543 5157 7921 6534 8328 9508 13475 24109 31862 44396 67100Benin 407 422 392 374 448 541 569 578 735 875 1050Botswana 2058 2644 2675 2510 2425 2810 3513 4425 4509 5161 4875Burkina Faso 319 255 209 223 247 321 479 468 588 623 550Burundi 65 54 50 39 30 38 47 58 58 53 57Cameroon 1671 1601 1833 1749 1802 2283 2477 2861 3576 3604 4350Cape Verde 10 11 11 10 11 13 15 18 21 19 32Central African Republic 151 146 161 142 147 128 134 135 157 178 195Chad 262 243 183 189 185 601 2191 3081 3408 3662 4650Comoros 6 9 14 17 19 27 19 12 10 13 13Congo 1365 1560 2489 2055 2280 2677 3433 4745 6066 5735 9050

World merchandise exports by region and selected economy, 1998-2008

(Million dollars)

183

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A6 (continued)

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Congo, Dem. Rep. of 1422 809 824 901 1132 1374 1850 2190 2320 2650 3950Côte d'Ivoire 4606 4661 3888 3946 5275 5788 6919 7697 8477 8476 10100Djibouti 28 28 32 32 36 37 38 40 55 58 69Egypt 3130 3559 | 5276 4825 5546 7408 9661 12912 16728 19224 23995Equatorial Guinea 439 709 1097 1735 2117 2801 4599 7064 8207 10210 16300Eritrea 28 21 37 19 52 7 11 11 11 15 17Ethiopia 561 467 486 455 480 496 678 903 1040 1285 1602Gabon 1916 2394 2598 2524 2409 3062 3728 5065 5450 6600 8700Gambia 21 12 15 10 12 8 10 8 11 13 14Ghana 1795 1720 1671 1716 1850 2324 2450 2802 3727 4195 5275Guinea 693 636 666 731 709 609 744 853 1074 1145 1360Guinea-Bissau 27 51 62 63 54 65 76 89 74 85 98Kenya 2008 1747 1734 1944 2116 2411 2684 3420 3502 4081 4972Lesotho 194 172 220 280 358 476 708 651 695 805 900Liberia 425 469 329 | 128 176 109 104 131 158 200 242Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 6659 7947 13380 11014 9803 14647 20410 31358 39246 46970 63050Madagascar 538 584 824 928 486 856 992 855 985 1237 1340Malawi 431 453 379 449 407 525 483 509 543 710 770Mali 556 571 545 725 874 928 976 1101 1550 1524 1650Mauritania 387 358 355 355 332 318 440 625 1367 1430 1750Mauritius 1645 1554 1557 1628 1801 1898 1993 2143 2329 2238 2399Morocco 7153 7367 7432 7144 7849 8778 9925 11190 12744 15340 20145Mozambique 230 263 364 703 810 1045 1504 1783 2381 2412 2653Namibia 1232 1234 1320 1179 1072 1262 1827 2070 2647 2922 2804Niger 334 287 283 272 279 352 437 489 523 710 880Nigeria 9855 13856 20975 18045 17975 24031 38631 50467 58726 65600 80750Rwanda 60 60 52 86 65 63 98 125 147 177 250Sao Tome and Principe 5 2 3 3 5 7 5 7 8 7 11Senegal 968 1027 920 1003 1067 1257 1509 1578 1594 1671 2350Seychelles 122 145 194 216 228 274 291 340 380 360 390Sierra Leone 7 6 13 29 49 92 139 158 231 245 220Somalia 197 191 193 285 297 223 300 300 290 290 290South Africa c 26362 26707 29983 29258 29723 36482 46146 51626 58175 69784 80782Sudan 596 780 1807 1699 1949 2542 3778 4824 5657 8879 12050Swaziland 973 937 910 1054 1029 1638 1949 1770 1790 1880 1790Tanzania 589 543 | 734 851 980 1216 1479 1679 | 1918 2227 3037Togo 420 391 363 357 427 598 601 660 650 700 900Tunisia 5738 5872 5850 6631 6874 8027 9685 10494 11694 15163 19319Uganda 501 519 460 456 481 563 759 1017 1188 1686 2180Zambia 1032 1063 892 985 930 981 1576 1810 3770 4619 | 5089Zimbabwe 2111 1887 1925 1207 2012 1670 1887 1850 2000 2300 2150

Middle East 144500 182300 268000 239800 248200 302500 401400 542000 661300 769200 1021200Bahrain 3270 4363 6195 5577 5794 6632 7558 10242 12200 13634 18150Iran, Islamic Rep. of 13118 17128 28739 25689 24440 33750 41697 56252 77012 88733 113401Iraq 5500 12800 20603 12872 12219 9711 17810 23697 30529 39590 59700Israel 22993 25794 31404 29048 29347 31784 38618 42770 46789 54092 60825Jordan 1802 1832 1899 2293 2770 3082 3883 4302 5204 5725 7785Kuwait 9554 12164 19436 16203 15369 20678 28599 44869 56010 62672 87090Lebanon 662 677 715 | 1093 1238 1813 2199 2337 2814 3574 4454Oman 5508 7238 11319 11074 11172 11669 13342 18692 21585 24692 37719Qatar 5030 7214 11594 10871 10978 13382 18684 25762 34051 42020 63830Saudi Arabia 38822 50761 77583 68064 72453 93245 125997 180711 211306 234951 313440Syrian Arab Republic 2890 3464 4634 5248 6536 5731 | 7378 8708 10919 11546 14300United Arab Emirates 33837 36474 49835 48414 52163 67135 90997 117287 145587 180897 231550Yemen 1496 2440 4079 3374 3684 3924 4676 6413 7316 7050 8977

World merchandise exports by region and selected economy, 1998-2008

(Million dollars)

184

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A6 (continued)

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Asia a 1451100 1548300 1837300 1674400 1807700 2138300 2653200 3060100 3575000 4134900 4706300Afghanistan 159 166 137 68 100 144 305 384 408 497 610Australia 55893 56080 63870 63387 65033 70377 86565 106097 123437 141358 187259Bangladesh 5121 5497 6389 6080 6149 6990 8305 9297 11802 12453 15357Bhutan 108 116 103 106 113 133 183 258 414 674 521Brunei Darussalam 2058 2579 3903 3640 3702 4421 5057 6249 7636 7668 11100Cambodia 800 1129 1389 1500 1923 2118 2798 3092 3514 4089 4300China 183712 194931 249203 266098 325596 438228 593326 761953 968978 1218623 1428332Fiji 512 609 585 537 515 668 693 701 679 755 923Hong Kong, China 174864 174403 202683 191066 201928 228708 265543 292119 322669 349386 370242

domestic exports 24588 22381 23536 20273 18328 19591 19978 20050 22765 18110 16958re-exports 150276 152022 179147 170793 183600 209117 245565 272069 299904 331276 353284

India 33437 35667 42379 43361 49250 58963 76649 99616 120968 147034 177499Indonesia 50370 51243 65403 57361 59166 64108 70767 86996 103527 118014 139278Japan 387927 417610 479249 403496 416726 471817 565675 594941 646725 714327 782047Kiribati 6 9 4 5 3 3 2 4 6 10 15Korea, Republic of 132313 143686 172267 150439 162471 193817 253845 284419 325465 371489 422007Lao People's Dem. Rep. 370 311 330 320 301 335 363 553 882 923 1095Macao, China 2141 2200 2539 2300 2356 2581 2812 2476 2557 2543 1997Malaysia 73305 84455 98229 88005 94058 104705 126511 140980 160676 176211 199516Maldives 96 91 109 110 132 152 181 162 225 228 331Mongolia 462 454 536 521 524 616 870 1065 1543 1889 2539Myanmar 1077 1136 1646 2381 3046 2483 2380 3813 4589 6338 6937Nepal 474 602 804 737 568 662 772 863 838 888 1050New Caledonia 378 468 604 443 492 785 1033 1093 1352 2104 1361New Zealand 12070 12455 13272 13730 14383 16527 20344 21730 22409 26931 30578Northern Mariana Islands 1085 1062 1038 959 825 838 826 691 509 329 115Pakistan 8514 8424 9028 9238 9913 11930 13379 16051 16930 17838 20323Palau 11 7 12 17 20 8 6 13 14 11 7Papua New Guinea 1772 1875 2096 1805 1641 2207 2552 3273 4166 4681 5721Philippines 29414 36576 39783 32664 35208 36231 39681 41255 47410 50466 49025Samoa 15 20 14 15 14 15 11 12 11 15 11Singapore 109895 114680 137804 121751 125177 | 159902 198637 229649 271807 299298 338176

domestic exports 63381 68682 78703 66172 66836 86419 106663 124546 143176 156028 175702re-exports 46514 45998 59101 55579 58341 | 73483 91974 105103 128631 143270 162474

Solomon Islands 118 126 69 47 58 74 97 103 121 168 190Sri Lanka 4809 4594 5430 4816 4699 5125 5757 6347 6886 7740 8450Taipei, Chinese 112467 123626 151357 125900 135080 150298 182432 198432 224017 246677 255629Thailand 54456 58440 69057 64968 68108 80324 96248 110936 129722 152098 177844Tonga 8 13 9 7 15 18 15 10 10 8 10Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Vanuatu 34 26 26 20 20 27 37 38 37 30 42Viet Nam 9361 11541 14483 15029 16706 20149 26485 32442 39826 48576 62906

Memorandum items:World excluding a

intra-EU (27) exports ... 4083000 4789000 4514000 4698000 5420000 6641000 7734000 8977000 10349000 12096000intra-EU (15) exports 4090000 4285000 5010000 4755000 4970000 5767000 ... ... ... ... ...

Europe excludingintra-EU (27) exports ... 892800 966180 978550 1045210 1220880 1474030 1641350 1840400 2153320 2473030intra-EU (15) exports 1101840 1094480 1187800 1219030 1316800 1568170 ... ... ... ... ...

a Includes significant re-exports.b Prior to 2004, European Union (27) individual country data do not add up to the reported aggregate due to Eurostat's use of different methodologies for Cyprus, Estonia and Lithuania.

It should be noted that the World and Asia totals contain a significant element of double counting due to the use of the general system of recording merchandise trade statistics which includes re-exports.Recent figures for a number of countries and territories have been estimated by the Secretariat.

c Beginning with 1998, figures refer to South Africa only and no longer to the Southern African Customs Union.Note : Breaks in the continuity of the value series for particular countries and regional groupings are indicated by an 'I'. They result mainly from changes in the methods of collecting and reporting merchandise trade statistics.

(Million dollars)

World merchandise exports by region and selected economy, 1998-2008

185

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A7

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

World a 5683000 5921000 6727000 6485000 6745000 7865000 9571000 10857000 12430000 14273000 16422000North America 1282060 1426495 1687580 1583440 1605140 1727465 2012740 2288415 2546090 2706770 2912185

Canada b 206066 220183 244786 227291 227499 245021 279931 322411 358755 389911 418311Mexico 130948 146084 182702 176185 176607 178503 206060 232245 268093 295201 323151United States 944353 1059440 1259300 1179180 1200230 1303050 1525680 1732706 1918077 2020403 2169487

South and Central America 216300 186800 207400 205400 181000 191400 243500 300100 365400 457900 595600Antigua and Barbuda 385 414 407 386 400 422 454 506 624 728 770Argentina 31404 25508 25154 20320 8990 13834 22445 28689 34152 44707 57423Bahamas 1873 1757 2074 1912 1728 1762 1905 2312 2727 2956 3123Barbados 1010 1108 1156 1087 1039 1195 1413 1604 1629 1710 1892Belize 295 370 524 517 525 552 520 593 660 684 837Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 15817 14064 16213 18323 12963 9256 16679 24027 33616 46097 49640Bolivia 1983 1755 1830 1708 1770 1616 1844 2341 2814 3457 4987Brazil 61135 51909 59053 58640 49716 50859 66433 77628 95836 126564 182408Chile 19880 15988 18507 17429 17091 19322 24794 32735 38406 47164 61903Colombia 14635 10659 11539 12834 12711 13889 16746 21204 26162 32897 39669Costa Rica 6230 6320 6372 6569 7188 7663 8268 9824 11547 12963 15372Cuba 4197 4365 4843 4839 4176 4673 5615 8084 10258 10890 14500Dominica 136 141 148 131 116 128 144 165 167 196 225Dominican Republic b 7597 8041 9479 8779 8838 7627 7888 9869 12174 13597 16095Ecuador 5576 3017 3721 5363 6431 6703 8226 10287 12114 13893 18686El Salvador 3962 4095 4947 5027 5184 5754 6329 6690 7663 8712 9755Grenada 200 202 239 212 199 254 233 328 299 365 363Guatemala 4651 4382 4791 5607 | 7659 8127 9475 10499 11915 13576 14549Guyana 540 480 573 584 563 576 651 788 889 1059 1300Haiti 797 1025 1036 1013 1130 1188 1306 1454 1642 1852 2148Honduras 3233 3530 3988 4152 4382 4774 5827 6545 7303 8556 10389Jamaica 3035 2899 3326 3360 3533 3639 3940 4739 5650 6459 8549Netherlands Antilles 2062 1745 2862 2826 2268 2606 | 1723 1950 2209 2543 3130Nicaragua 1492 1862 1805 1775 1754 1879 2212 2623 3026 3598 4338Panama 3398 3516 3379 2964 2982 3086 3594 4180 4831 6872 9050Paraguay 2897 1906 2193 2182 1672 2228 3097 3715 5879 7200 10200Peru 8220 6823 7415 7316 7493 8414 10101 12502 15312 20494 29981Saint Kitts and Nevis 149 153 196 189 201 199 183 210 250 272 285Saint Lucia 328 355 355 355 309 403 422 486 592 614 656Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 193 201 163 186 174 201 226 240 271 327 373Suriname 552 486 526 461 492 704 742 1050 1009 1044 1304Trinidad and Tobago 2999 2741 3308 3569 3643 3892 4858 5694 6484 7663 9973Uruguay 3811 3357 3466 3061 1964 2190 3114 3879 4806 5628 8933

Europe 2559180 2596490 2774855 2733570 2875295 3461510 4161265 4573175 5238515 6089795 6819995Albania 842 1154 1090 1327 1504 1864 2309 2618 3058 4188 5251Austria 69504 71321 72394 74633 78299 99532 119905 127327 137212 163037 183441Belgium - 164810 177511 178664 198311 234945 285621 318700 351979 413109 469486Belgium-Luxembourg - - - - - - - - - - -Bosnia and Herzegovina 2910 3305 3107 3354 3872 4801 5915 7070 7345 9772 12282Bulgaria 4949 5478 6544 7279 7954 10871 14453 18163 23270 29961 37261Croatia 8276 7799 7887 9147 10722 14209 16589 18560 21502 25839 30728Cyprus 3685 3618 3846 3923 4086 4466 5502 6316 6928 8615 10616Czech Republic 28340 28463 31974 36297 40656 51728 69967 76512 93191 118169 141493Denmark 46873 45753 45557 45322 50320 57429 68157 75581 85507 98558 110827Estonia 4787 4109 5052 5230 5863 7967 | 8336 10238 13449 15678 16028Finland 32960 32114 34443 32639 34218 42513 51443 58766 69375 81704 91781France 307771 315748 338940 328608 329262 398840 470945 504124 541919 619475 705577FYR Macedonia 1915 1776 2094 1694 1995 2306 2932 3228 3763 5228 6852

World merchandise imports by region and selected economy, 1998-2008

(Million dollars)

186

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A7 (continued)

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Germany 471474 474047 497197 486119 490283 604612 715742 777073 906684 1054983 1203787Greece 30293 30529 33480 32011 31570 44852 52760 54436 63619 76247 79049Hungary 25705 28015 32172 33617 37755 47808 60538 66552 78262 95565 107910Iceland 2482 2516 2589 2269 2275 2827 3643 4979 6137 6704 6205Ireland 43191 46769 51041 50556 52399 53886 61814 68565 73118 83822 83177Italy 218465 220637 238757 236220 247015 297519 355301 384790 442555 511662 554909Latvia 3190 2954 3202 3506 4046 5234 7096 8697 11541 15322 16090Lithuania 5795 4835 5457 6353 7709 9803 | 12387 15548 19373 24412 30923Luxembourg - 11218 11278 12331 12651 16165 20046 21893 26572 27528 31592Malta 2668 2843 3413 2531 2646 3227 3641 3681 4307 4760 4587Montenegro - - - - - - - - 1879 2774 2918Netherlands 195639 206162 218267 208638 219265 264704 319669 363822 416832 492616 573188Norway 37478 34173 34392 32955 34873 40055 48534 55488 64261 80298 89293Poland 47055 45883 49029 50184 55299 68272 89696 101639 126989 165710 204279Portugal 38435 39974 39952 39490 40156 47200 54948 61184 66673 78195 89975Romania 11821 10417 13148 15568 17854 23983 32691 40518 51160 70314 82725Serbia - - - - - - - - 13172 18554 22999Serbia and Montenegro 4849 3296 3711 4837 6320 7952 11752 11635 - - -Slovak Republic b 13078 11318 12760 14760 16564 22523 29862 34649 44823 60218 73389Slovenia 10110 10102 10147 10160 10944 13845 17759 20337 24141 31559 36970Spain 136662 135346 156143 154650 165105 208602 258331 288786 328696 389301 401384Sweden 68403 68580 72880 63200 66955 83540 100433 111697 127547 152583 167152Switzerland 80094 79857 82521 84102 87189 100239 115799 126574 141400 161180 183192Turkey 45921 40671 54503 41399 51554 69340 97540 116774 139576 170063 201961United Kingdom 321231 324899 348058 343786 364075 399401 470633 513673 601424 622897 632017

European Union (27) ... 2419075 2579869 2549434 2672086 3214192 3854541 4221746 4830438 5602648 6255767extra-EU(27) imports ... 792206 916856 876922 886001 1057950 1278135 1467501 1697232 1964630 2282239

European Union (15) 2212010 2262540 2404840 2361815 2462350 2946525 ... ... ... ... ...extra-EU(15) imports 796575 831135 954480 921030 935335 1122915 ... ... ... ... ...

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 95260 70570 81555 94440 103960 132275 172975 215610 279560 377115 497800Armenia 902 800 882 874 987 1280 1351 1802 2192 3268 4412Azerbaijan 1076 1036 1172 1431 1666 2626 3516 4350 5269 6045 7575Belarus 8549 6674 8646 8286 9092 11558 16491 16708 22351 28693 39483Georgia 887 585 709 753 796 1141 1846 2490 3678 5217 6058Kazakhstan 4314 3655 5040 6446 6584 8409 12781 17353 23677 32756 37889Kyrgyz Republic 842 600 554 467 587 717 941 1102 1718 2417 4072Moldova 1018 585 777 892 1038 1399 1769 2292 2693 3690 4899Russian Federation b 58015 39537 44659 53764 60966 76070 97382 125434 164281 223486 291861Tajikistan 710 663 675 688 721 881 1191 1330 1723 2455 3270Turkmenistan 980 1478 1786 2250 2120 2512 3320 2947 2560 3620 5670Ukraine 14676 11846 13956 15775 16977 23020 28997 36136 45039 60618 85534Uzbekistan 3290 3110 2697 2814 2425 2662 3392 3666 4380 4848 7076

Africa 132900 128300 130100 135000 136000 165000 212300 255600 297100 368300 465600Algeria 9400 9162 9171 9940 11969 12380 18169 20357 21456 27631 39479Angola b 2079 3109 3040 3179 3760 5480 5832 8353 8778 13661 21100Benin 736 749 613 623 725 892 894 1018 1228 1600 1990Botswana 2251 2198 2081 1809 1845 2448 3231 3161 3057 4049 5165Burkina Faso 732 678 611 656 739 925 1270 1260 1319 1620 1800Burundi 158 118 148 139 129 157 176 269 431 319 403Cameroon 1495 1318 1489 1852 1866 2163 2406 2735 3150 3680 4360Cape Verde 228 246 230 234 276 351 431 438 542 750 825Central African Republic 146 131 117 107 120 118 151 169 202 249 310Chad 356 316 317 679 1646 790 953 950 1350 1500 1830Comoros 54 55 43 51 53 70 86 99 115 140 180Congo b 680 821 | 465 682 675 831 969 1304 2000 2860 2990

World merchandise imports by region and selected economy, 1998-2008

(Million dollars)

187

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A7 (continued)

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Congo, Dem. Rep. of 1102 568 697 807 1081 1594 1986 2270 2740 3300 4100Côte d'Ivoire b 2991 3252 2785 | 2418 2456 3231 4291 5251 5368 6160 7150Djibouti b 196 194 207 196 197 238 261 277 336 473 580Egypt 16166 16022 | 14578 13376 12770 12950 15950 22449 27300 37100 47540Equatorial Guinea 317 425 451 813 507 908 1092 1310 2020 2760 3270Eritrea 508 510 471 423 538 433 480 490 495 510 530Ethiopia 1517 1538 1262 1815 1622 2119 3087 4127 4805 5749 7700Gabon 1103 841 950 1002 1135 1206 1347 1471 1725 2000 2450Gambia 228 192 187 134 161 156 229 260 259 321 329Ghana 2563 3480 2973 3154 2720 3210 4074 5347 6754 8074 10261Guinea 537 556 612 601 667 640 780 820 950 1200 1600Guinea-Bissau b 63 51 59 | 62 59 65 83 106 127 136 160Kenya 3197 2832 3105 3192 3245 3725 4553 5846 7233 8989 11074Lesotho 941 866 809 743 815 1121 1440 1410 1500 1738 2040Liberia 470 520 668 | 229 178 170 337 310 467 499 813Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 5466 4158 3732 4397 4396 4330 6326 6079 6040 7750 11500Madagascar b 693 742 | 1097 1118 627 1304 1680 1706 1804 2636 4040Malawi 515 673 532 563 695 786 933 1165 1207 1378 1650Mali 761 824 806 990 928 1271 1364 1544 1820 2185 2550Mauritania 399 385 454 465 431 542 923 1428 1167 1520 1750Mauritius 2073 2247 2093 1987 2159 2363 2771 3157 3627 3895 4666Morocco 10290 9925 11534 11038 11864 14250 17822 20790 23980 32010 41752Mozambique 790 1139 1158 1063 1543 1753 2035 2408 2869 3050 3804Namibia 1648 1610 1550 1547 1470 1980 2396 2577 2884 3520 4020Niger 471 410 395 412 468 622 750 943 949 1060 1400Nigeria 9211 8588 8721 11586 7547 10853 14164 20754 21809 29500 41700Rwanda 285 253 211 281 248 259 284 430 548 737 1139Sao Tome and Principe 17 38 30 28 31 41 41 50 71 79 114Senegal 1455 1564 1519 1730 1958 2391 2839 | 3498 3671 4871 6528Seychelles 384 434 342 476 420 412 497 675 757 859 912Sierra Leone 95 81 149 182 264 303 286 345 389 445 560Somalia 280 340 343 449 454 517 610 610 660 680 790South Africa c 29242 26696 29695 28248 29267 39748 53466 62304 78715 88450 99480Sudan 1925 1415 1553 1958 2446 2882 4075 6757 8074 8775 9150Swaziland 1083 1068 1046 1129 955 1519 1925 1900 1920 2020 2200Tanzania 1453 1556 1524 1712 1660 2125 2726 3287 4246 5337 7081Togo 588 597 562 553 591 775 880 1200 1250 1400 1540Tunisia 8350 8474 8567 9529 9526 10910 12818 13177 15043 19101 24622Uganda 1416 1342 1536 1594 1053 1375 1726 2054 2557 3493 4526Zambia 1100 822 993 1307 1253 1574 2152 2558 3074 3971 | 5106Zimbabwe 2701 2126 1863 1715 1751 1710 2204 2350 2250 2550 2950

Middle East 149000 147500 167400 175100 184300 210200 280600 335400 375800 467200 586200Bahrain 3566 3698 4633 4306 5013 5657 7385 9393 10515 11488 12500Iran, Islamic Rep. of 14323 13324 13898 16709 20617 24798 31976 40041 40772 44942 57411Iraq 4400 6900 13384 13120 9817 9934 21302 23532 20892 21516 31200Israel 29342 33166 37686 35449 35517 36303 42864 47142 50334 59039 67656Jordan 3828 3717 4597 4871 5076 5743 8179 10498 11548 13681 16942Kuwait 8619 7617 7157 7869 9001 10987 12631 15801 17233 20366 24874Lebanon 7070 6207 6230 7380 6560 7315 9609 9633 9647 12251 16754Oman 5826 4801 5131 5933 6296 6801 8796 8971 11039 16025 22990Qatar 3409 2500 3252 3758 4052 4897 6005 10061 16440 22005 26850Saudi Arabia 30013 28011 30238 31223 32293 36915 47376 59459 69800 90215 115147Syrian Arab Republic 3895 3832 3815 4752 4488 5111 | 8411 10862 11488 14655 18320United Arab Emirates 32588 31721 35009 37293 42652 52074 72082 84654 100057 132494 165620Yemen 2167 2008 2324 2466 2921 3675 3986 5378 6074 8514 9960

World merchandise imports by region and selected economy, 1998-2008

(Million dollars)

188

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A7 (continued)

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Asia a 1248000 1365200 1678400 1558400 1659100 1976700 2487600 2888800 3327600 3806300 4545200Afghanistan 462 1012 1176 1696 2452 2101 2177 2471 2582 2819 3350Australia 64630 69158 71529 63888 72690 89084 109384 125281 139253 165336 200338Bangladesh 7495 8331 8883 9018 8592 10434 12036 13889 16034 18596 23838Bhutan 134 182 175 191 197 249 411 386 420 526 543Brunei Darussalam 1552 1342 1107 1159 1556 1327 1422 1491 1676 2101 2300Cambodia b 1166 1591 1939 2094 2318 2560 3193 3927 4749 5424 6600China 140237 165699 225094 243553 295170 412760 561229 659953 791461 956139 1132488Fiji 722 903 830 886 901 1205 1446 1607 1804 1800 2266Hong Kong, China 186759 180711 214042 202008 207969 233249 272893 300160 335754 370132 392962

retained imports 62833 58464 71863 65251 59352 61018 70044 75269 86097 93791 97649India 42980 46979 51523 50392 56517 72558 99775 142870 172797 216760 293374Indonesia 35280 33321 43595 37534 38340 42196 54877 75533 80346 92778 126160Japan 280484 309995 379511 349089 337194 382930 454542 515866 579064 622243 762589Kiribati 33 41 40 41 50 52 59 74 63 70 55Korea, Republic of 93282 119752 160481 141098 152126 178827 224463 261238 309383 356846 435275Lao People's Dem. Rep. 553 525 535 510 447 462 713 882 1060 1065 1302Macao, China 1955 2040 2255 2386 2530 2755 3478 3913 4565 5366 5365Malaysia 58319 64966 81963 73866 79869 83300 105283 114625 131152 146982 156896Maldives 354 402 389 393 392 471 642 745 927 1096 1388Mongolia 503 513 615 638 691 801 1021 1184 1486 2117 3616Myanmar 2695 2323 2401 2877 2348 2091 2196 1927 2564 3312 4288Nepal 1246 1422 1573 1473 1419 1754 1938 2283 2492 2904 3600New Caledonia 929 1006 924 931 1008 1541 1636 1774 2117 2809 3233New Zealand 12495 14299 13906 13308 15047 18559 23195 26219 26424 30890 34367Northern Mariana Islands 526 523 607 554 646 660 664 591 489 300 160Pakistan 9330 10207 10864 10191 11233 13038 17949 25357 29825 32590 42326Palau 63 104 124 100 97 88 107 105 115 110 130Papua New Guinea 1240 1188 1151 1071 1137 1367 1680 1729 2260 2990 3480Philippines b 31496 32568 37027 34921 | 41092 42576 46102 49487 54078 57996 60290Samoa 97 115 106 130 135 137 163 187 219 227 249Singapore 101732 111060 134545 116000 116441 | 136218 173599 200047 238710 263155 319780

retained imports 55218 65062 75444 60421 58100 62735 81625 94944 110079 119885 157306Solomon Islands 128 110 92 90 67 94 121 185 217 286 295Sri Lanka 5905 5961 7177 5973 6105 6672 7973 8834 10258 11301 14008Taipei, Chinese 105442 111449 140642 107944 113331 128130 169250 182614 202698 219252 240448Thailand 42971 50342 61924 61962 64645 75824 94410 118178 128773 139966 178655Tonga 69 73 70 73 89 94 105 121 116 143 170Tuvalu 10 8 5 4 11 8 11 13 13 16 26Vanuatu 93 98 87 90 90 105 128 149 160 202 287Viet Nam 11500 11742 15638 16218 19746 25256 31969 36761 44891 62678 80416

Memorandum items:World excluding a

intra-EU (27) imports ... 4294000 5064000 4813000 4959000 5708000 6995000 8103000 9297000 10635000 12449000intra-EU (15) imports 4267000 4490000 5277000 5045000 5218000 6041000 ... ... ... ... ...

Europe excludingintra-EU (27) imports ... 969620 1111840 1061060 1089210 1305270 1584860 1818930 2105310 2451780 2846470intra-EU (15) imports 1143750 1165080 1324500 1292780 1348280 1637900 ... ... ... ... ...

a Includes significant imports for re-export.b Imports are valued f.o.b. See the Metadata on f.o.b. valuation of other economies.c Beginning with 1998, figures refer to South Africa only and no longer to the Southern African Customs Union.

It should be noted that the World and Asia totals contain a significant element of double counting due to the use of the general system of recording merchandise trade statistics which includes re-exports.Recent figures for a number of countries and territories have been estimated by the Secretariat.

World merchandise imports by region and selected economy, 1998-2008

(Million dollars)

Note : Breaks in the continuity of the value series for particular countries and regional groupings are indicated by an 'I'. They result mainly from changes in the methods of collecting and reporting merchandise trade statistics.

189

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A8

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 World 1340800 1394800 1481300 1484400 1596400 1832400 2220700 2480300 2816900 3372400 3777900 North America 283100 305900 330900 317100 325200 339800 393200 432700 484000 553900 604600 Canada 33040 35228 39271 37862 39567 43131 49058 54418 59015 63648 64795

Mexico 11534 11606 13567 12550 12474 12477 13973 16098 16372 17598 18474 United States 238517 259059 278090 266661 273209 284173 330185 362134 408663 472680 521378 South and Central America 41500 42700 46700 45700 44600 49500 57400 70000 79600 94000 108300 Antigua and Barbuda 424 427 406 393 389 413 470 454 465 485 509 Argentina 4702 4557 4775 4469 3428 4419 5202 6519 7871 10211 11870 Aruba 877 906 991 975 983 1033 1232 1287 1304 1473 1658 Bahamas 1517 1778 1946 1776 2035 2028 2211 2460 2403 2566 2503 Barbados 995 997 1055 1032 1003 1124 1181 1411 1541 1729 ... Belize 122 130 135 143 161 196 223 284 339 369 358

Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 1286 1207 1057 1242 913 791 1024 1247 1469 1552 1708Bolivia 235 243 207 221 242 348 401 473 462 484 482

Brazil 7083 6873 8961 8718 8790 9570 11615 14856 17946 22615 28822 Chile 3859 3780 3995 4071 4315 4990 5949 7040 7726 8841 10645 Colombia 1892 1876 1984 2122 1799 1852 2188 2594 3301 3559 3967 Costa Rica 1329 1643 1911 1899 1841 1990 2207 2585 2940 3598 4164 Cuba 2155 2628 2643 2416 2350 2845 3634 7075 7201 8588 9129 Dominica 84 97 87 75 78 76 86 85 99 98 101 Dominican Republic 2421 2767 3143 3024 2982 3401 3435 3865 4496 4740 4883 Ecuador 631 681 793 799 820 812 940 940 959 1087 1288 El Salvador 576 620 673 680 750 907 1039 1098 1388 1454 1482 Grenada 116 141 146 129 128 132 156 115 129 146 145 Guatemala 581 653 702 948 1053 954 1015 1222 1410 1619 1649 Guyana 142 147 169 172 172 157 161 148 148 173 ... Haiti 163 173 158 123 125 114 110 93 149 152 193 Honduras 332 427 487 488 525 573 635 684 671 732 902 Jamaica 1743 1949 1988 1867 1881 2103 2262 2296 2613 2665 2735 Netherlands Antilles 1495 1506 1593 1605 1575 1648 1753 1791 1936 2048 2028 Nicaragua 152 181 187 188 191 222 250 271 305 333 357 Panama 1757 1747 1961 1958 2241 2503 2758 3193 3895 4854 5794 Paraguay 606 554 573 525 531 550 597 610 726 887 999 Peru 1674 1518 1445 1326 1342 1600 1872 2164 2519 3209 3502 Saint Kitts and Nevis 98 98 95 94 86 104 131 158 168 155 160 Saint Lucia 318 307 323 272 248 317 366 409 332 345 362 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 106 126 126 131 135 131 143 156 169 179 178 Suriname 67 73 85 56 35 52 129 183 211 210 233 Trinidad and Tobago 574 592 543 563 598 672 838 883 800 910 ... Uruguay 1309 1235 1249 1099 745 746 1086 1285 1361 1781 2131 Europe 682600 696600 716400 736100 807300 966200 1166200 1286600 1443900 1743300 1936900 Albania 83 253 429 495 552 695 997 1154 1481 1924 2419

Austria 22918 23184 22865 23734 25566 32090 37572 42201 45675 54968 61673 Belgium - - - - 36285 43352 50621 54092 57209 74031 86139 Belgium-Luxembourg 36688 44073 48556 48970 - - - - - - -

Bosnia and Herzegovina 457 461 448 495 522 719 861 987 1137 1455 1658 Bulgaria 1766 1760 2129 2120 2162 2921 3984 4389 5287 6498 8000 Croatia 3948 3708 4056 4883 5581 8568 9372 9920 10801 12485 15164 Cyprus 3297 3655 3798 4067 4236 5009 5877 6177 6772 8303 10218 Czech Republic 7518 6928 6751 7034 7024 7754 9607 11730 13906 17144 22179 Denmark 15212 19982 23721 25134 26667 31672 36304 43372 51961 61608 71960 Estonia 1476 1486 1458 1576 1672 2189 2806 3139 3466 4336 5048 Faeroe Islands 51 56 54 57 71 77 86 132 174 ... ... Finland 6632 6457 7669 9148 10350 11383 15064 16898 17414 23066 24229

France 84164 80994 79901 79597 85326 98020 113772 121351 125395 144680 160464 FYR Macedonia 148 249 290 198 220 360 429 489 581 799 992 Germany 79967 80173 79659 84270 96785 116216 138256 157342 184574 216958 241590 Greece 10068 I 16464 19181 19384 20044 24202 32986 33806 35671 42984 50377 Hungary 5361 5171 5836 6949 7336 9131 10704 12732 13283 16981 19958

Iceland 847 826 936 1003 1034 1281 1527 1955 1773 2207 2134 Ireland 16504 15526 18326 23266 29666 41785 52213 59402 68659 88994 99235 Italy 66621 58018 55998 57098 59562 70602 83302 88094 97554 110468 121890 Latvia 1103 1020 1131 1161 1221 1487 1751 2134 2613 3633 4508

Lithuania 1096 1083 1052 1147 1451 1864 2431 3074 3583 3980 4710

World exports of commercial services by region and selected economy, 1998-2008

(Million dollars)

190

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A8 (continued)

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Luxembourg - - - - 20291 25237 33638 40510 50578 65523 68909

Malta 1159 1198 1081 1108 1220 1421 1669 1977 2635 3377 3714Montenegro - - - - - - - - 524 923 1104

Netherlands 48570 50835 48361 50121 54700 61317 71782 78182 82698 94212 101613 Norway 15379 16118 17528 18152 19228 21357 24964 29620 33114 40357 45595 Poland 10810 8331 10395 9745 10030 11170 13437 16212 20530 28694 35309 Portugal 8735 9144 8896 9251 10219 12188 14507 15028 18235 23097 26135 Romania 1201 1340 1720 2007 2326 3000 3590 5056 7005 9455 12819

Serbia - - - - - - - - 2089 3140 4005 Serbia and Montenegro 914 471 624 740 829 1130 1678 1909 - - - Slovak Republic 2275 1886 2218 2454 2787 3270 3713 4380 5403 7022 8469 Slovenia 2023 1873 1883 1958 2311 2786 3449 3970 4337 5643 7624 Spain 48124 51982 52112 55292 59599 73679 85303 93853 105869 127085 142612 Sweden 17675 19691 20014 21758 23757 30337 38624 42474 49342 63324 71592 Switzerland 25893 I 28628 29443 27888 29747 34529 42608 48513 53929 64947 75194 Turkey 23204 16230 19267 15084 13979 17909 22706 26328 24998 28253 34492 United Kingdom 110721 117357 118567 118786 132937 155455 194026 204062 233615 280565 282961 European Union (27) 611700 629600 643300 667100 735500 879500 1061000 1165600 1313300 1586600 1753900 Extra-EU (27) exports a - - - - - - 438500 486400 548400 668300 743200 European Union (15) 572600 593900 603800 625800 691800 827500 998000 1090700 1224500 1471600 1611400 Extra-EU (15) exports a 263400 268600 274000 283100 308500 369900 451000 505700 ... ... ... Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 19700 16100 17100 19300 23200 26900 34800 41900 51600 65700 84200 Armenia 118 129 130 179 176 199 324 403 475 571 636 Azerbaijan 320 236 234 256 321 392 453 625 841 1172 1454 Belarus 919 745 989 1124 1317 1477 1726 2055 2380 3256 4224 Georgia 354 217 206 299 370 418 508 648 801 976 1159 Kazakhstan 904 933 905 1093 1363 1528 1817 1999 2584 3242 3936 Kyrgyz Republic 58 60 57 76 120 137 193 234 351 654 884 Moldova 148 126 155 160 206 231 320 384 471 631 831 Russian Federation 12372 9067 9565 11215 13450 16088 20469 24741 30866 39119 50694

Tajikistan 60 52 63 62 60 66 81 103 110 116 ... Ukraine 3922 3869 3800 3897 4583 5013 7460 8913 10822 13651 17302 Africa 28100 30500 31500 32200 34400 42600 51600 I 56400 63600 77900 87800 Algeria 973 1010 927 884 1191 1287 1591 1825 2248 2474 3101 Angola 122 153 267 203 207 201 323 177 ... 311 ... Benin 127 155 126 133 141 163 204 179 196 281 ... Botswana 240 305 306 326 439 626 774 842 771 922 992 Burundi 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 7 6 7 3 Cameroon 508 414 575 844 921 593 829 573 556 476 552 Cape Verde 74 95 101 120 144 190 220 253 361 468 528 Central African Republic 9 13 9 9 6 11 18 19 22 26 29 Congo 112 139 130 137 158 185 183 206 251 303 364 Côte d'Ivoire 533 507 415 509 513 560 641 697 706 775 845 Djibouti 61 65 69 74 79 87 87 95 97 92 115 Egypt 7832 9276 9687 8815 9127 10837 14046 14449 15834 19660 24674 Eritrea 77 44 54 113 118 ... ... ... ... ... ... Ethiopia 308 392 387 391 450 588 800 789 890 1183 1770 Gabon 194 249 171 143 74 167 136 120 113 128 149 Gambia 83 78 62 61 61 84 73 80 92 114 ... Ghana 427 454 490 515 539 612 684 1083 1256 1614 1579 Guinea 66 36 27 72 43 55 31 32 34 44 ... Kenya 631 720 727 824 773 876 1227 1523 1979 2409 2520 Lesotho 46 37 36 35 30 43 64 44 51 68 ... Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 31 50 119 134 275 329 351 419 385 ... ... Madagascar 264 290 314 273 279 253 358 420 512 796 874 Malawi 32 49 34 44 49 40 41 43 80 ... ... Mali 71 94 92 140 150 208 227 253 291 359 ... Mauritania 24 25 30 36 46 44 52 80 87 ... ... Mauritius 911 1030 1066 1218 1146 1274 1449 1604 1663 2194 2530 Morocco 2558 2803 2854 3787 4098 5126 6304 7570 9269 11490 12374 Mozambique 286 295 325 249 336 300 246 316 355 404 488 Namibia 315 311 212 285 265 399 456 391 505 580 528 Nigeria 884 980 1833 1653 2524 3473 3336 I 2887 3729 5788 ... Rwanda 32 36 41 45 48 48 65 83 74 126 ... Senegal 366 351 330 345 389 488 604 690 716 1097 ...

World exports of commercial services by region and selected economy, 1998-2008

(Million dollars)

191

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A8 (continued)

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Seychelles 237 261 273 280 297 311 308 347 409 446 458 Sierra Leone 13 18 39 47 38 66 61 78 43 42 ... South Africa 5213 5041 4888 I 4728 4863 8120 9444 10898 11712 13242 12159 Sudan 14 82 I 24 14 130 31 35 101 220 342 457 Swaziland 87 51 271 112 90 200 235 273 274 447 ... Tanzania 534 576 575 854 860 900 1079 1215 1467 1675 1935 Togo 65 54 46 53 72 72 122 145 159 197 242 Tunisia 2607 2769 2680 2829 2603 2842 3520 3901 4162 4757 5572 Uganda 176 188 205 208 216 255 358 494 475 528 554 Zambia 102 107 114 143 114 142 161 207 228 279 ... Zimbabwe 609 633 326 240 208 ... ... ... ... ... ... Middle East 27400 30300 33800 32900 34800 43800 51400 60200 71800 81600 97400 Bahrain 725 859 933 950 1068 1260 I 2676 3048 3322 3524 3740 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 1380 977 1429 2257 3740 4369 4859 5167 5665 6138 6763 Israel 10019 12213 15319 12811 12159 13622 16005 17406 19210 21091 23763 Jordan 1810 1689 1602 1396 1743 1717 2052 2239 2850 3299 4291 Kuwait 1500 1299 1571 1401 1373 1763 2516 3840 7495 9104 10301 Oman 388 413 452 606 606 655 736 I 939 1311 1631 1974

Qatar ... 209 337 649 606 1011 1633 2557 3489 ... ... Saudi Arabia 4723 5373 4779 5008 5177 5713 5852 6677 7297 7901 ... Syrian Arab Republic 1422 1415 1480 1566 1347 1181 2343 2560 2649 3563 ...

United Arab Emirates ... 1767 1843 2014 2191 2350 2560 4277 6259 7434 8958 Yemen 133 141 174 130 129 244 292 285 ... I 578 593 Asia 258300 272700 304900 301200 326800 363700 466200 532400 622400 755900 858700 Australia 16822 18550 19413 17689 19161 23227 27841 30378 32438 39728 45601 Bangladesh 252 266 283 243 305 398 420 474 603 685 891 Bhutan 15 18 20 24 23 20 28 42 52 60 53 Cambodia 173 289 423 517 596 541 788 1064 1244 1510 1606 China 23879 26165 30146 32901 39381 46375 62056 73909 91421 121654 146446 Fiji 472 505 397 387 478 585 668 790 740 733 ... Hong Kong, China 33790 35568 40362 41056 44546 46500 55103 63651 72674 84643 92318 India 11067 14006 16030 16799 19125 23633 I 37931 I 52199 70926 87516 102648 Indonesia 4340 4452 5061 5361 6519 5143 ... ... ... ... ... Japan b 63053 61447 69430 64769 66054 71784 89668 102071 115140 127060 146440 Korea, Republic of 24828 25766 29746 28103 27345 31753 40505 43711 48382 61729 74107 Lao People's Dem. Rep. 116 101 150 141 159 126 168 200 194 299 ... Macao, China 2845 2710 3280 3768 4758 5605 8063 8612 10538 14411 18081 Malaysia 11400 11800 13812 14331 14753 13459 16999 19463 21722 28184 29336 Maldives 329 340 345 351 360 429 505 317 549 622 671 Mongolia 75 73 74 109 179 203 329 409 483 571 ... Myanmar 618 496 459 387 403 228 232 237 256 ... ... Nepal 433 454 410 303 192 302 356 271 252 340 494 New Zealand 3688 4280 4355 4388 5338 6788 8046 8500 8011 9161 8842 Pakistan 1303 1264 1284 1302 1496 1476 1719 2043 2245 2221 2314 Papua New Guinea 318 248 243 285 162 219 181 285 298 340 342 Philippines ... 3468 3377 3072 3428 3389 4043 4525 6444 9766 10194 Samoa 58 47 ... ... ... ... 94 113 133 138 ... Singapore 22457 24845 28075 27307 29428 36243 46732 53151 63977 80490 82934 Solomon Islands 52 51 45 47 15 24 26 37 51 66 63 Sri Lanka 892 940 915 1334 1247 1389 1506 1519 1604 1755 1982 Taipei, Chinese 16660 17037 19890 19760 21501 23028 25545 25574 28860 31015 33569 Thailand 13074 14542 13785 12932 15304 15694 18932 20011 24636 30124 33393 Tonga 23 19 14 18 18 22 21 30 22 26 ... Vanuatu 108 106 118 112 90 108 118 135 140 177 212 Viet Nam 2616 2493 2702 2810 2948 3272 3867 4176 5100 6030 6300 Memorandum items: World excluding intra-EU (27) exports a - - - - - - 1598200 1801000 2052000 2454100 2767100 intra-EU (15) exports a 1031600 1069500 1151500 1141700 1213100 1374700 1673700 1895300 ... ... ... Europe excluding intra-EU (27) exports a - - - - - - 543700 607400 679000 825000 926200 intra-EU (15) exports a 373500 371300 386500 393400 424100 508500 619300 701700 ... ... ... Note: Due to frequent revisions to the services data, there are numerous breaks in the continuity of the data series at the country and regional levels. See the Metadata.

World exports of commercial services by region and selected economy, 1998-2008

a See the Metadata for estimation of intra and extra-EU trade.b Secretariat estimates for exports from 1995 to 2005 are based on the new methodology applied by the Bank of Japan. See the Metadata

(Million dollars)

192

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A9

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 World 1312500 1365000 1454200 1473200 1560400 1781300 2119400 2352300 2627600 3113900 3489200 North America 216400 237600 268200 264200 270900 291700 335900 365900 408700 446700 479300 Canada 37671 40060 43597 43236 44455 51771 58023 64906 71919 81758 86644

Mexico 12569 14061 16718 16521 17031 17571 19250 20915 22329 23228 24701 United States 166145 183484 207881 204479 209397 222347 258674 280091 314442 341673 367911 South and Central America 53500 50600 54900 55100 48800 51200 58600 71300 81300 98200 117500 Antigua and Barbuda 166 170 147 159 163 174 182 218 249 284 296 Argentina 9079 8599 8960 8262 4775 5462 6374 7364 8250 10535 12579 Aruba 528 633 621 590 575 691 762 889 968 907 1076 Bahamas 939 884 969 896 929 1009 1169 1209 1510 1502 1254 Barbados 409 433 460 471 466 492 520 636 679 755 ... Belize 94 99 116 111 121 127 139 147 143 159 161

Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 3842 3982 4236 4509 3837 3251 4265 5183 5797 7243 7821Bolivia 423 436 450 382 417 534 590 664 808 883 1018

Brazil 15743 13357 15574 15825 13496 14350 16111 22409 27149 34700 44396 Chile 4260 4474 4664 4848 4953 5555 6653 7572 8250 9711 11143 Colombia 3354 3082 3242 3535 3234 3298 3873 4704 5428 6170 7108 Costa Rica 1099 1185 1261 1167 1170 1231 1370 1502 1612 1799 1966 Cuba 891 964 821 689 585 655 770 1018 1263 1330 ... Dominica 48 54 48 47 50 41 45 48 50 57 62 Dominican Republic 1300 1224 1340 1249 1271 1179 1168 1431 1511 1692 1775 Ecuador 1208 1140 1225 1395 1559 1575 1889 2079 2265 2481 2888 El Salvador 723 800 912 938 1007 1040 1130 1193 1479 1706 1958 Grenada 64 78 85 79 86 77 79 88 94 104 109 Guatemala 759 760 786 891 1018 1085 1324 1428 1756 2017 2125 Guyana 174 178 193 192 196 172 208 201 245 273 ... Haiti 203 222 270 252 251 247 307 296 365 476 558 Honduras 437 491 688 705 726 746 840 923 972 1027 1203 Jamaica 1258 1286 1391 1480 1552 1538 1677 1676 1969 2205 2341 Netherlands Antilles 611 662 728 787 788 801 787 805 749 794 869 Nicaragua 253 319 334 346 336 353 385 424 451 524 572 Panama 1211 1102 1096 1053 1256 1253 1412 1759 1673 2050 2532 Paraguay 549 463 390 362 321 318 287 329 365 439 563 Peru 2299 2105 2165 2274 2325 2493 2603 2996 3297 4133 5425 Saint Kitts and Nevis 58 66 72 71 73 75 76 90 97 109 118 Saint Lucia 121 137 126 125 124 141 143 169 165 173 181 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 74 59 52 54 54 61 69 72 81 91 95 Suriname 174 136 177 164 152 188 251 339 250 292 367 Trinidad and Tobago 235 253 363 339 340 335 314 471 311 320 ... Uruguay 831 760 842 773 593 602 748 901 937 1083 1373 Europe 629700 647700 660700 681800 738700 879600 1030500 1126600 1234500 1472000 1625500 Albania 119 152 413 422 561 734 991 1318 1552 1893 2361

Austria 17941 17144 16383 17491 18645 23645 27897 30625 33407 39112 42578 Belgium - - - - 35288 42163 48260 50408 52387 70142 81942 Belgium-Luxembourg 34095 38815 41444 42856 - - - - - - -

Bosnia and Herzegovina 262 277 256 262 298 375 422 425 459 590 632 Bulgaria 1398 1473 1660 1894 1740 2424 3213 3382 4097 5473 6696 Croatia 1850 2055 1782 1918 2378 2950 3523 3349 3491 3858 4513 Cyprus 1476 1537 1563 1592 1635 2089 2552 2614 2850 3635 4572 Czech Republic 5690 5772 5364 5487 6372 7240 8932 10110 11809 14308 17256 Denmark 15779 18402 21063 22121 24305 28254 33401 37002 45123 53889 62269 Estonia 814 829 870 949 1081 1370 1716 2125 2407 3022 3352 Faeroe Islands 90 95 97 105 131 146 161 224 267 ... ... Finland 7643 7491 8323 7994 9763 12020 14422 17591 18618 22094 23119

France 66432 62102 59581 61439 68177 81809 97238 104711 112688 129464 139359 FYR Macedonia 202 226 260 253 267 370 485 527 545 745 970 Germany 131244 139388 135812 140593 143769 171136 194125 206894 221030 256020 283028 Greece 4976 I 8831 10918 11189 9447 10730 13560 14292 15899 19783 24392 Hungary 4139 4283 4708 5470 6749 9022 10043 11275 11606 15432 18469

Iceland 948 1012 1149 1058 1105 1481 1818 2538 2542 2942 2498 Ireland 29459 26474 31212 35281 42765 54520 65328 71386 78460 94472 106189 Italy 62887 56240 54632 56087 61110 73107 81673 88364 98107 118261 131748 Latvia 717 628 680 662 692 917 1164 1541 1962 2678 3169 Lithuania 816 747 655 669 878 1215 1578 1989 2462 3282 4114

World imports of commercial services by region and selected economy, 1998-2008

(Million dollars)

193

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A9 (continued)

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Luxembourg - - - - 12388 15511 20912 24564 30188 38135 40664Malta 686 722 735 735 769 861 1034 1186 1750 2253 2252Montenegro - - - - - - - - 277 320 514Netherlands 46252 48121 49941 52166 56492 62954 68565 72413 74676 83769 90833Norway 14662 15214 14832 15667 17834 20415 23871 28709 31227 38941 43928Poland 6479 6837 8862 8853 9165 10810 I 13213 15310 19438 23696 29925Portugal 6631 7064 6810 6644 6992 8118 9572 10291 11879 14119 16497Romania 1796 1759 1948 2113 2304 2913 3829 5425 6901 8757 11520Serbia - - - - - - - - 2114 3456 4231Serbia and Montenegro 421 243 293 323 537 795 1192 1478 - - -Slovak Republic 2272 1812 1779 1971 2321 3012 3415 4015 4605 6449 9089Slovenia 1510 1506 1423 1443 1715 2163 2579 2889 3222 4186 4902Spain 28242 31544 32837 34903 38445 47607 58822 66739 78175 95886 104262Sweden 21620 22511 23367 22920 23856 28647 32990 35141 39432 47870 54280Switzerland 14952 I 14760 14533 15256 16023 18393 23610 27251 28159 33209 36623Turkey 9439 8449 7624 5633 5528 6690 9188 10182 10447 14160 16234United Kingdom 85797 93170 96893 97352 107177 122948 145172 158325 170273 195402 196167

European Union (27) 586800 605200 619500 640900 694000 827200 965200 1050600 1153500 1371600 1512600Extra-EU (27) imports a - - - - - - 386000 419900 459100 548000 620700

European Union (15) 559000 577300 589200 609000 658600 783200 911900 988700 1080300 1278400 1397300Extra-EU (15) imports a 252600 259800 266800 273600 286000 338000 401600 440000 ... ... ...

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 23200 19500 23500 28800 33900 39500 50300 59800 69800 91000 114200Armenia 190 183 177 192 217 264 419 517 600 772 952Azerbaijan 692 476 475 650 1283 2027 2702 2625 2784 3324 3826Belarus 438 431 524 782 826 820 943 1057 1638 2009 2583Georgia 335 224 216 231 323 355 440 584 687 872 1152Kazakhstan 1154 1104 1831 2609 3506 3712 5058 7375 8621 11370 10794Kyrgyz Republic 173 152 144 121 145 157 219 287 456 577 988Moldova 190 168 190 195 243 268 331 390 455 593 779Russian Federation 16456 13351 16230 19819 22852 26487 32216 37795 43679 57684 74572Tajikistan 40 43 57 70 103 120 205 250 393 590 ...Ukraine 2545 2292 2590 3167 3143 3979 6162 6962 8582 11055 15104

Africa 37400 35800 37600 40200 41400 47100 58700 I 69900 80400 104700 120900Algeria 1069 989 1411 1413 1511 1510 2493 2997 3132 4540 7194Angola 2395 2194 2271 3176 2766 2774 4285 6191 6860 11610 ...Benin 191 213 186 186 203 244 273 267 342 491 ...Botswana 517 515 538 512 508 652 784 840 834 970 1076Burundi 34 18 36 31 34 38 75 125 193 168 173Cameroon 807 699 934 1056 1198 1177 1442 1429 1416 1413 1708Cape Verde 85 112 97 113 138 183 194 201 242 285 333Central African Republic 136 107 113 96 90 88 106 105 120 145 175Congo 853 854 728 842 917 866 1012 1413 2422 3523 3767Côte d'Ivoire 1408 1358 1142 1188 1447 1657 1896 1982 2087 2263 2444Djibouti 74 60 65 60 55 60 70 76 81 99 137Egypt 5886 5959 7161 6356 6013 6038 7470 9507 10288 13088 16322Eritrea 179 101 24 28 25 ... ... ... ... ... ...Ethiopia 442 463 479 516 556 689 932 1178 1154 1737 2371Gabon 980 854 846 695 741 821 921 1020 1051 1241 1467Gambia 63 62 61 55 54 36 46 45 94 77 ...Ghana 533 555 514 538 548 730 881 1140 1442 1808 1977Guinea 274 258 183 220 156 188 195 194 221 248 ...Kenya 632 505 665 712 588 575 803 955 1235 1479 1663Lesotho 50 47 41 38 45 69 86 88 75 88 ...Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 650 887 815 964 1343 1528 1753 2128 2324 2438 ...Madagascar 326 336 395 424 561 479 474 462 432 748 1159Malawi 162 185 167 171 222 189 211 222 222 ... ...Mali 332 351 324 414 380 478 528 583 672 774 ...Mauritania 130 152 168 194 220 187 260 379 406 ... ...Mauritius 706 719 748 799 775 875 1005 1193 1312 1562 1910Morocco 1482 1537 1520 1705 1903 2350 2805 3103 3562 4527 5482Mozambique 396 392 439 607 559 553 511 627 729 819 901Namibia 449 431 320 265 224 269 411 359 421 505 592Nigeria 4054 3311 3144 4420 4688 5715 5973 I 6203 8389 13902 ...Rwanda 99 106 113 113 124 104 123 176 214 259 ...Senegal 432 419 396 403 457 567 684 777 808 1205 ...

World imports of commercial services by region and selected economy, 1998-2008

(Million dollars)

194

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A9 (continued)

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Seychelles 127 152 186 212 209 213 211 231 265 299 361Sierra Leone 33 79 82 93 76 89 87 86 78 86 ...South Africa 5465 5580 5657 I 5109 5376 7847 10063 11863 13949 16208 16505

Sudan 200 270 I 632 638 784 805 1023 1801 2728 2873 2552Swaziland 262 161 300 192 202 342 363 396 365 494 ...

Tanzania 885 723 620 635 611 685 923 1131 1212 1424 1631Togo 149 130 116 129 147 204 237 249 261 303 389Tunisia 1121 1106 1119 1332 1353 1510 1869 2075 2338 2662 3001Uganda 728 419 459 506 550 488 513 618 759 961 1177Zambia 282 298 322 353 361 388 418 446 560 886 ...Zimbabwe 622 647 494 439 447 ... ... ... ... ... ...

Middle East 42800 43800 48800 46900 51100 60500 75000 89500 108600 141400 167900Bahrain 652 716 757 766 945 907 I 1248 1416 1605 1701 2030Iran, Islamic Rep. of 2571 1905 2161 2451 5381 6432 7081 7697 9406 10676 12011

Israel 9056 10047 11703 11644 10701 10978 12611 13498 14636 17587 19600 Jordan 1588 1485 1463 1520 1627 1690 1972 2465 2854 3327 3913 Kuwait 4247 3867 4115 4520 4881 5534 6202 7444 8805 10494 12149 Oman 1891 1714 1759 1899 1880 2573 3152 3145 3898 4876 6122

Qatar ... 823 870 966 1050 1283 1667 3640 5680 ... ... Saudi Arabia 8648 9426 10928 7155 7152 7936 11057 14520 19390 30798 ...

Syrian Arab Republic 1299 1416 1468 1494 1675 1697 2071 2274 2437 2964 ...United Arab Emirates ... 7757 8275 8893 9934 11440 14655 18891 24322 33372 42773

Yemen 649 672 757 794 883 947 1004 1183 1800 1811 2128 Asia 309500 329900 360500 356200 375600 411800 510300 569400 644300 759900 864000 Australia 17605 18385 18555 17020 18023 21476 27377 29909 31600 38614 45491 Bangladesh 1164 1318 1523 1423 1318 1595 1835 2011 2111 2673 3684 Bhutan 37 34 46 42 60 108 103 128 108 107 108 Cambodia 214 285 321 340 368 425 502 632 760 889 958 China 26467 30967 35858 39032 46080 54852 71602 83173 100327 129254 158004 Fiji 331 364 321 285 272 382 463 503 514 497 ... Hong Kong, China 24962 23759 24588 24797 25833 25994 30983 33838 36905 42450 45849 India 14192 17045 18896 19792 20776 24679 I 35293 I 47025 58190 70736 83599 Indonesia 11871 12139 15381 15596 16770 17171 ... ... ... ... ... Japan b 101070 103151 105230 98762 97865 99906 119925 122369 133900 148685 167443 Korea, Republic of 24112 26773 32957 32473 36132 39928 49373 58055 68023 82108 91768 Lao People's Dem. Rep. 92 91 87 87 97 108 132 155 183 229 ... Macao, China 612 703 812 876 1046 1147 1334 1537 1836 2675 3253 Malaysia 12973 14622 16603 16539 16248 17323 18967 21750 23493 27784 29081 Maldives 98 107 108 108 110 119 155 209 225 264 342 Mongolia 142 140 158 198 260 249 496 468 514 631 ... Myanmar 353 277 310 345 296 403 444 486 547 ... ... Nepal 189 202 193 205 231 258 376 424 488 716 840 New Zealand 4377 4482 4429 4265 4715 5667 7121 8121 7696 8940 9473 Pakistan 2044 1894 2109 2216 2095 3102 I 5101 7206 8094 8395 8985 Papua New Guinea 794 728 772 662 678 862 968 1151 1458 1799 1714 Philippines ... 5013 5175 5298 5386 5322 5764 5797 6211 7391 8547 Samoa 29 19 ... ... ... ... 41 55 56 55 ... Singapore 19897 25119 29379 31650 33314 39867 49550 54902 64472 74687 78868 Solomon Islands 54 86 70 80 49 62 42 57 83 123 148 Sri Lanka 1328 1388 1592 1735 1553 1646 1872 2051 2359 2568 2967 Taipei, Chinese 23246 23285 25507 23435 23852 24803 29859 31420 31752 34265 33627 Thailand 11874 13464 15329 14475 16572 17999 22909 26881 32841 38173 46314 Tonga 30 30 18 24 28 40 45 44 50 44 ... Vanuatu 53 65 62 67 47 56 61 69 66 70 89

Viet Nam 3146 3040 3252 3382 3698 4050 4739 4472 5108 6924 8615Memorandum items:

World excluding intra-EU (27) imports a - - - - - - 1540200 1721500 1933300 2290300 2597300 intra-EU (15) imports a 1006100 1047500 1131800 1137800 1187800 1336100 1609000 1803500 ... ... ...

Europe excluding intra-EU (27) imports a - - - - - - 451300 495800 540200 648400 733600

intra-EU (15) imports a 323300 330200 338300 346400 366100 434400 520100 577800 ... ... ...

a See the Metadata for estimation of intra and extra-EU trade.

Note : Due to frequent revisions to the services data, there are numerous breaks in the continuity of the data series at the country and regional levels. See the Metadata.

World imports of commercial services by region and selected economy, 1998-2008

(Million dollars)

b Secretariat estimates for exports from 1995 to 2005 are based on the new methodology applied by the Bank of Japan. See the Metadata

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Table A10

Network of world merchandise trade by product and region, 2006-2008

(Billion dollars)

Destination

Origin 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008

WorldAgricultural products 942.35 1128.73 1341.56 138.51 150.52 165.07 30.38 39.88 54.15 454.39 547.29 632.11

Food 754.71 914.82 1114.02 109.29 121.92 136.94 26.03 34.67 48.28 374.08 452.20 532.63Fish 83.12 89.52 97.65 15.09 15.50 16.48 1.33 1.68 2.00 37.55 41.09 43.78Other food products 671.59 825.30 1016.37 94.20 106.42 120.46 24.70 32.99 46.28 336.53 411.10 488.84

Raw materials 187.64 213.91 227.55 29.22 28.59 28.14 4.35 5.21 5.87 80.31 95.10 99.48Fuels and mining products 2305.23 2653.32 3530.22 434.22 487.15 625.84 71.76 83.71 123.12 894.31 994.35 1307.45

Ores and other minerals 204.82 257.70 307.98 17.15 19.52 23.45 4.12 5.07 6.63 81.01 100.89 113.45Fuels 1789.55 2029.66 2861.89 362.35 410.22 549.19 62.06 71.57 108.76 662.39 713.60 1024.44Non-ferrous metals 310.86 365.97 360.35 54.72 57.40 53.21 5.58 7.07 7.73 150.91 179.86 169.56

Manufactures 8259.69 9520.23 10458.11 1741.02 1826.20 1862.55 250.39 310.29 389.14 3680.03 4306.19 4661.81Iron and steel 375.91 479.14 587.19 56.53 55.33 71.09 10.05 12.73 20.37 178.33 237.08 265.97Chemicals 1245.24 1480.55 1705.45 198.36 216.98 241.25 47.12 60.28 80.10 639.59 769.92 868.52

Pharmaceuticals 312.73 372.46 426.67 57.05 66.94 72.01 8.61 11.05 13.18 195.98 233.40 268.70Other chemicals 932.51 1108.09 1278.77 141.31 150.04 169.24 38.51 49.23 66.92 443.61 536.51 599.82

Other semi-manufactures 786.46 917.87 1004.48 159.73 163.44 159.50 21.24 26.28 33.05 383.81 463.34 499.56Machinery and transport equipment 4374.18 4963.46 5347.84 992.47 1033.82 1030.29 134.26 163.65 200.56 1811.89 2071.13 2198.86

Office and telecom equipment 1456.07 1519.46 1561.38 309.90 318.35 318.96 32.29 34.58 40.75 533.99 529.28 547.88EDP and office equipment 519.33 547.71 548.20 131.38 135.43 131.97 9.50 11.37 12.55 224.70 231.71 233.08Telecommunications equipment 545.90 559.04 596.25 136.29 144.80 149.94 18.23 19.16 23.74 232.49 216.13 223.52Integrated circuits 390.84 412.71 416.94 42.24 38.13 37.05 4.56 4.04 4.45 76.79 81.43 91.29

Transport equipment 1458.03 1706.93 1840.59 385.32 397.16 374.12 54.21 68.67 81.60 693.71 828.05 878.45Automotive products 1022.51 1202.67 1233.54 310.67 316.83 289.06 31.69 42.72 49.01 493.24 595.69 593.48Other transport equipment 435.52 504.26 607.05 74.65 80.33 85.05 22.52 25.95 32.59 200.46 232.36 284.97

Other machinery 1460.08 1737.07 1945.86 297.24 318.31 337.21 47.76 60.40 78.22 584.19 713.80 772.52Textiles 220.37 240.36 250.20 33.97 33.60 32.64 10.08 12.12 13.64 85.81 96.40 95.95Clothing 309.14 345.83 361.89 84.51 86.18 82.84 5.94 7.79 7.91 150.56 165.61 180.23Other manufactures 948.39 1093.03 1201.06 215.46 236.86 244.95 21.69 27.43 33.51 430.05 502.71 552.73 Personal and household goods 198.98 232.15 254.38 53.03 56.95 58.07 3.87 5.10 6.46 102.46 121.92 130.98 Scientific and controlling instruments 240.23 280.10 308.42 49.31 56.10 61.26 5.54 7.59 9.76 89.59 105.53 115.30 Miscellaneous manufactures 509.19 580.77 638.27 113.11 123.81 125.63 12.28 14.75 17.29 238.00 275.26 306.45

Total merchandise exports b 11812.00 13656.00 15717.00 2365.19 2517.69 2708.31 362.78 447.93 582.70 5137.32 5971.19 6735.57

North AmericaAgricultural products 151.42 178.03 212.15 69.10 74.99 83.93 9.11 12.00 16.42 17.75 20.78 22.77

Food 109.83 134.31 169.00 52.04 58.75 69.07 7.36 10.00 14.28 11.57 13.67 16.20Fish 8.55 8.73 8.70 3.64 3.77 3.88 0.12 0.16 0.16 1.64 1.76 1.68Other food products 101.27 125.58 160.29 48.40 54.98 65.20 7.24 9.84 14.12 9.93 11.92 14.51

Raw materials 41.59 43.72 43.15 17.06 16.24 14.86 1.75 2.01 2.14 6.18 7.11 6.58Fuels and mining products 221.85 258.50 345.90 154.34 172.97 225.81 12.97 16.33 24.64 25.17 32.64 49.25

Ores and other minerals 31.48 41.94 51.11 8.40 8.89 11.92 0.51 0.83 1.31 8.36 14.01 16.18Fuels 151.24 172.52 253.43 121.07 136.63 187.74 11.80 14.67 22.45 10.57 11.85 26.91Non-ferrous metals 39.12 44.04 41.36 24.87 27.44 26.16 0.66 0.82 0.88 6.24 6.78 6.17

Manufactures 1223.37 1325.77 1389.21 648.95 671.64 669.70 79.22 95.16 117.54 214.15 246.61 265.19Iron and steel 23.18 26.96 35.52 17.49 18.92 23.81 1.20 1.67 3.75 1.83 2.75 3.17Chemicals 174.09 199.78 228.91 68.58 72.58 79.90 16.08 20.10 26.56 48.94 58.49 63.40

Pharmaceuticals 35.28 41.27 45.99 8.39 9.43 9.16 2.09 2.55 2.83 20.10 24.18 28.37Other chemicals 138.81 158.52 182.92 60.19 63.15 70.75 13.99 17.55 23.73 28.83 34.31 35.03

Other semi-manufactures 104.17 110.61 116.94 67.13 66.30 65.31 5.65 6.65 8.00 13.20 16.21 18.10Machinery and transport equipment 743.91 800.47 814.52 405.63 421.99 408.53 44.14 53.17 64.22 112.14 127.81 136.09

Office and telecom equipment 197.61 203.64 208.07 89.28 94.21 96.50 15.72 17.48 19.94 28.38 28.91 29.05EDP and office equipment 65.39 63.95 61.41 29.28 28.75 27.93 6.88 8.02 8.46 13.39 12.30 11.28Telecommunications equipment 74.80 85.16 91.41 47.54 54.86 57.48 6.56 7.35 8.79 8.97 10.44 11.72Integrated circuits 57.42 54.53 55.24 12.45 10.60 11.09 2.27 2.12 2.68 6.02 6.17 6.05

Transport equipment 314.12 342.67 332.56 195.34 203.00 182.39 12.43 16.02 19.05 48.30 59.36 64.11Automotive products 204.24 220.19 209.37 166.80 170.95 151.23 6.09 8.10 9.13 15.68 20.87 23.30Other transport equipment 109.88 122.48 123.19 28.55 32.05 31.16 6.34 7.91 9.92 32.62 38.49 40.81

Other machinery 232.18 254.16 273.89 121.01 124.78 129.64 15.99 19.67 25.23 35.45 39.54 42.94Textiles 17.24 16.96 16.48 10.49 9.97 9.17 3.24 3.41 3.53 1.42 1.48 1.50Clothing 13.01 11.04 10.68 10.03 8.44 8.09 1.42 1.00 0.74 0.72 0.78 0.90Other manufactures 147.77 159.95 166.16 69.60 73.44 74.88 7.49 9.16 10.74 35.90 39.08 42.02 Personal and household goods 18.11 18.19 17.35 15.27 15.13 14.11 0.51 0.63 0.71 0.76 0.83 0.87 Scientific and controlling instruments 54.46 58.46 62.17 17.92 18.83 20.54 2.39 3.16 3.80 16.13 17.09 18.55 Miscellaneous manufactures 75.19 83.30 86.65 36.42 39.48 40.23 4.59 5.38 6.23 19.01 21.16 22.60

Total merchandise exports b 1664.08 1840.30 2035.68 902.39 951.60 1014.49 106.22 129.52 164.88 276.20 325.28 369.06

EuropeSouth & Central AmericaNorth AmericaWorld a

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Table A10 (continued)

Network of world merchandise trade by product and region, 2006-2008

(Billion dollars)

Destination

2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 Origin

World34.01 42.90 55.24 37.34 49.90 64.89 39.57 49.31 69.06 205.15 244.25 295.16 Agricultural products30.82 38.95 50.33 32.90 44.23 58.47 36.25 44.95 64.28 143.05 174.34 218.49 Food2.25 2.97 3.57 1.67 2.11 2.66 0.96 1.08 1.35 24.10 24.85 27.38 Fish

28.57 35.98 46.76 31.23 42.12 55.81 35.29 43.88 62.92 118.95 149.49 191.11 Other food products3.19 3.95 4.91 4.45 5.68 6.42 3.32 4.36 4.79 62.10 69.91 76.67 Raw materials

35.33 44.43 65.28 46.75 54.19 75.71 43.78 41.08 59.11 736.19 885.33 1201.99 Fuels and mining products3.74 4.77 7.08 3.28 3.89 7.55 2.97 2.94 4.67 90.74 118.29 142.12 Ores and other minerals

28.48 35.78 53.98 40.28 45.83 63.16 34.69 30.79 45.02 559.05 662.13 950.27 Fuels3.11 3.88 4.23 3.19 4.47 5.01 6.12 7.35 9.43 86.39 104.91 109.60 Non-ferrous metals

220.98 308.94 390.29 201.07 249.35 303.23 300.20 384.89 469.15 1828.06 2086.81 2320.48 Manufactures11.89 17.31 22.46 12.31 16.11 22.86 24.11 34.70 48.02 81.94 104.96 135.20 Iron and steel31.22 39.78 48.81 28.31 35.26 43.82 29.34 36.49 44.43 263.69 311.01 363.69 Chemicals8.18 9.68 12.96 7.18 9.06 10.41 6.24 7.64 9.15 27.41 31.97 37.60 Pharmaceuticals

23.04 30.09 35.85 21.13 26.21 33.41 23.10 28.85 35.28 236.28 279.04 326.09 Other chemicals24.41 32.07 39.97 21.74 27.88 34.07 40.76 50.25 60.90 132.11 151.10 173.65 Other semi-manufactures

110.33 158.20 203.20 103.14 126.71 155.68 154.51 197.86 240.21 1043.70 1183.51 1280.95 Machinery and transport equipment20.25 24.94 27.05 19.22 21.00 23.07 31.88 35.53 37.62 507.77 553.74 563.97 Office and telecom equipment6.61 8.02 7.73 5.56 6.17 6.58 9.12 11.37 12.46 132.33 143.47 143.69 EDP and office equipment

12.76 15.97 18.36 12.16 13.29 14.89 21.06 22.66 23.33 112.37 125.25 140.61 Telecommunications equipment0.87 0.95 0.96 1.50 1.54 1.60 1.69 1.50 1.82 263.07 285.02 279.67 Integrated circuits

39.92 62.80 84.22 39.94 49.60 59.18 57.48 74.13 94.94 166.86 203.79 237.47 Transport equipment31.66 52.38 69.15 29.86 36.46 42.56 38.95 54.26 69.69 83.95 101.63 117.75 Automotive products8.25 10.43 15.06 10.08 13.14 16.62 18.53 19.86 25.25 82.91 102.17 119.71 Other transport equipment

50.17 70.45 91.94 43.99 56.11 73.43 65.15 88.20 107.65 369.07 425.98 479.51 Other machinery 6.92 8.48 10.74 12.63 14.69 16.47 12.51 14.29 16.75 57.56 59.74 63.10 Textiles

12.23 20.77 24.15 5.97 7.64 6.69 8.34 11.94 13.13 40.65 44.72 45.96 Clothing23.98 32.34 40.95 16.98 21.06 23.65 30.63 39.35 45.72 208.40 231.78 257.93 Other manufactures8.06 10.89 14.59 4.06 5.22 5.93 5.55 6.87 9.03 21.74 24.93 28.97 Personal and household goods3.79 5.37 6.89 3.85 4.90 5.46 5.56 7.07 8.26 82.31 93.22 101.18 Scientific and controlling instruments

12.13 16.08 19.47 9.07 10.94 12.26 19.52 25.42 28.43 104.36 113.63 127.79 Miscellaneous manufactures293.93 401.73 516.72 294.08 363.99 457.73 396.87 490.94 618.11 2833.94 3294.22 3903.39 Total merchandise exports b

North America1.42 2.14 3.05 4.38 7.07 8.76 3.45 5.02 7.02 46.06 55.67 70.00 Agricultural products1.34 2.04 2.88 4.01 6.58 8.15 3.08 4.49 6.43 30.33 38.45 51.80 Food0.16 0.21 0.22 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 2.93 2.78 2.70 Fish1.17 1.83 2.66 3.98 6.56 8.12 3.06 4.47 6.40 27.40 35.67 49.10 Other food products0.09 0.10 0.17 0.38 0.49 0.61 0.37 0.53 0.59 15.73 17.22 18.20 Raw materials0.12 0.22 0.42 1.16 1.70 3.18 1.37 1.34 2.11 26.67 32.99 39.93 Fuels and mining products0.03 0.04 0.11 0.29 0.33 0.83 0.13 0.15 0.22 13.76 17.68 20.55 Ores and other minerals0.04 0.13 0.20 0.80 1.22 2.28 0.86 0.75 1.27 6.08 6.97 12.03 Fuels0.05 0.05 0.11 0.06 0.15 0.07 0.39 0.44 0.62 6.83 8.33 7.35 Non-ferrous metals6.49 9.55 12.27 14.68 17.61 20.33 33.11 39.70 47.99 226.26 244.79 255.39 Manufactures0.12 0.09 0.11 0.49 0.54 0.55 0.59 0.70 0.75 1.46 2.28 3.34 Iron and steel0.59 0.81 1.09 1.59 2.02 2.31 1.94 2.72 3.22 36.29 42.95 52.29 Chemicals0.13 0.15 0.16 0.29 0.23 0.25 0.38 0.46 0.54 3.88 4.28 4.67 Pharmaceuticals0.46 0.67 0.93 1.29 1.78 2.06 1.56 2.26 2.68 32.41 38.67 47.62 Other chemicals0.25 0.32 0.49 0.99 1.00 1.28 5.35 6.51 7.75 11.52 13.54 15.89 Other semi-manufactures4.78 7.27 9.43 10.44 12.64 14.64 22.32 26.39 32.27 144.22 150.85 148.97 Machinery and transport equipment0.49 0.57 0.51 1.49 1.20 1.28 2.11 2.28 2.72 60.06 58.91 57.99 Office and telecom equipment0.28 0.36 0.25 0.43 0.39 0.47 0.82 0.92 1.02 14.30 13.20 12.00 EDP and office equipment0.17 0.16 0.21 0.96 0.74 0.75 0.91 1.04 1.33 9.62 10.51 11.06 Telecommunications equipment0.04 0.04 0.06 0.10 0.07 0.06 0.39 0.32 0.38 36.14 35.20 34.93 Integrated circuits1.93 2.99 3.92 4.13 5.40 6.12 12.97 13.12 17.11 38.91 42.54 39.59 Transport equipment1.00 1.79 2.53 1.63 2.67 3.56 5.27 6.28 9.71 7.71 9.31 9.74 Automotive products0.93 1.20 1.40 2.51 2.74 2.56 7.70 6.84 7.41 31.20 33.23 29.85 Other transport equipment2.37 3.71 4.99 4.81 6.03 7.25 7.24 10.98 12.43 45.25 49.41 51.39 Other machinery 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.12 0.14 0.15 0.17 1.80 1.80 1.92 Textiles0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.17 0.14 0.21 0.62 0.62 0.68 Clothing0.67 0.98 1.07 1.07 1.31 1.40 2.59 3.09 3.62 30.35 32.76 32.31 Other manufactures0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.11 0.21 0.24 0.33 1.26 1.22 1.15 Personal and household goods0.32 0.38 0.50 0.54 0.70 0.71 1.46 1.52 1.74 15.71 16.77 16.32 Scientific and controlling instruments0.33 0.55 0.52 0.47 0.52 0.58 0.92 1.33 1.56 13.39 14.77 14.83 Miscellaneous manufactures8.26 12.17 16.03 21.53 27.65 33.62 40.08 48.87 60.18 308.34 343.55 375.51 Total merchandise exports b

CIS AsiaMiddle East Africa

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Table A10 (continued)

Network of world merchandise trade by product and region, 2006-2008

(Billion dollars)

Destination

Origin 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008

South and Central AmericaAgricultural products 101.98 125.83 156.87 18.79 20.24 21.47 14.74 19.71 27.21 32.19 40.78 49.18

Food 90.11 111.43 140.77 14.85 16.40 17.52 13.57 18.26 25.56 28.83 36.24 44.23Fish 8.17 8.33 9.41 2.64 2.61 2.63 0.70 0.87 1.09 2.93 2.89 3.36Other food products 81.94 103.10 131.35 12.21 13.79 14.89 12.87 17.39 24.47 25.90 33.35 40.87

Raw materials 11.87 14.41 16.10 3.93 3.84 3.95 1.17 1.45 1.65 3.36 4.53 4.96Fuels and mining products 182.28 204.14 255.79 72.79 77.63 94.15 37.38 41.48 58.84 35.55 37.65 42.35

Ores and other minerals 40.07 50.45 56.76 4.30 5.57 5.52 3.18 3.67 4.33 11.80 13.30 16.04Fuels 110.19 117.15 163.28 59.14 63.67 81.09 30.40 33.18 49.58 12.03 12.09 14.46Non-ferrous metals 32.02 36.53 35.75 9.35 8.39 7.54 3.80 4.64 4.93 11.73 12.26 11.86

Manufactures 134.99 153.57 172.55 51.94 51.01 53.56 49.15 60.78 72.45 18.40 23.10 23.93Iron and steel 16.33 19.26 21.78 5.65 5.48 5.56 3.92 4.68 5.87 3.38 4.66 3.92Chemicals 25.95 30.21 36.94 8.39 8.72 11.58 11.43 13.87 16.80 3.76 4.96 5.69

Pharmaceuticals 2.43 3.07 3.68 0.30 0.37 0.47 1.76 2.35 2.63 0.25 0.21 0.38Other chemicals 23.51 27.14 33.27 8.09 8.36 11.11 9.67 11.52 14.17 3.51 4.75 5.31

Other semi-manufactures 18.65 21.32 22.65 6.21 6.05 5.53 6.69 8.37 10.25 2.98 3.64 3.62Machinery and transport equipment 48.10 54.70 61.98 14.60 14.40 15.25 21.05 25.52 29.76 6.23 7.41 8.05

Office and telecom equipment 6.86 5.90 5.96 1.53 1.23 1.27 2.88 2.36 2.68 0.65 0.46 0.55EDP and office equipment 1.44 1.63 1.65 0.56 0.61 0.59 0.33 0.24 0.33 0.33 0.31 0.27Telecommunications equipment 3.83 2.77 3.11 0.79 0.50 0.49 2.50 2.10 2.30 0.26 0.11 0.20Integrated circuits 1.59 1.49 1.20 0.18 0.12 0.19 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.09

Transport equipment 25.94 30.58 35.11 7.85 7.54 8.20 11.98 15.48 17.56 3.36 4.52 4.67Automotive products 18.94 20.90 23.14 4.65 3.46 3.14 10.62 13.55 15.15 1.82 2.00 2.62Other transport equipment 7.00 9.68 11.97 3.20 4.08 5.06 1.37 1.93 2.41 1.54 2.52 2.05

Other machinery 15.31 18.22 20.92 5.22 5.64 5.78 6.18 7.68 9.52 2.21 2.43 2.82Textiles 2.79 3.39 3.83 0.79 0.89 0.85 1.64 2.14 2.62 0.21 0.20 0.19Clothing 12.64 12.71 12.42 11.37 10.60 10.12 0.89 1.67 1.89 0.27 0.33 0.31Other manufactures 10.53 11.98 12.94 4.92 4.86 4.69 3.52 4.54 5.27 1.59 1.91 2.14 Personal and household goods 3.94 4.28 4.45 1.79 1.54 1.23 1.00 1.40 1.69 0.94 1.10 1.21 Scientific and controlling instruments 2.18 2.41 2.58 1.37 1.44 1.48 0.44 0.49 0.59 0.27 0.35 0.36 Miscellaneous manufactures 4.41 5.29 5.91 1.77 1.88 1.99 2.08 2.65 3.00 0.38 0.45 0.57

Total merchandise exports b 435.28 497.60 599.66 145.63 149.71 169.19 101.48 122.87 158.62 89.25 105.70 121.30

EuropeAgricultural products 437.32 521.74 602.62 22.41 23.87 23.72 3.95 4.63 5.64 351.32 422.40 484.98

Food 366.27 438.46 514.11 19.66 21.26 21.36 3.46 4.05 4.92 295.41 356.07 415.53Fish 29.08 32.74 35.08 0.59 0.66 0.66 0.34 0.39 0.46 24.31 27.18 28.44Other food products 337.18 405.72 479.02 19.06 20.60 20.70 3.12 3.66 4.46 271.10 328.89 387.09

Raw materials 71.05 83.29 88.51 2.75 2.61 2.37 0.49 0.58 0.72 55.91 66.33 69.45Fuels and mining products 537.61 608.71 767.86 45.86 51.13 59.26 3.25 3.94 3.78 437.98 487.43 615.59

Ores and other minerals 54.87 68.40 73.87 1.73 2.00 2.11 0.22 0.19 0.28 43.28 54.00 57.64Fuels 361.33 394.99 551.95 36.38 40.68 49.19 2.27 2.78 2.42 294.06 313.16 443.66Non-ferrous metals 121.41 145.33 142.05 7.76 8.45 7.97 0.77 0.97 1.08 100.63 120.27 114.30

Manufactures 3901.58 4545.39 4953.55 353.77 375.08 382.77 57.72 70.15 85.47 2822.59 3289.22 3530.68Iron and steel 179.00 229.60 263.77 11.08 11.03 12.69 1.90 2.23 3.50 140.52 183.81 201.69Chemicals 742.37 882.40 992.72 87.07 96.40 101.76 12.11 15.06 18.79 532.75 638.47 715.35

Pharmaceuticals 248.93 296.11 339.47 39.94 47.26 51.72 4.07 5.22 6.54 169.41 201.30 229.73Other chemicals 493.43 586.29 653.25 47.13 49.14 50.04 8.03 9.84 12.26 363.33 437.17 485.63

Other semi-manufactures 412.70 489.89 529.00 27.56 28.15 26.18 4.81 5.91 7.27 310.70 372.40 402.45Machinery and transport equipment 1930.72 2212.93 2382.64 172.27 180.92 184.56 33.08 39.79 47.62 1367.36 1549.87 1630.22

Office and telecom equipment 434.58 408.96 414.62 18.16 17.61 17.27 3.63 3.33 3.63 337.27 307.48 312.67EDP and office equipment 165.64 160.57 158.57 7.92 6.93 6.45 0.46 0.57 0.64 137.02 131.14 129.88Telecommunications equipment 204.78 182.29 188.48 6.00 6.57 7.00 2.31 2.19 2.61 160.32 136.17 140.85Integrated circuits 64.16 66.10 67.57 4.25 4.12 3.82 0.85 0.57 0.38 39.93 40.16 41.94

Transport equipment 751.14 893.15 959.39 73.75 75.02 73.38 13.57 16.26 18.41 565.58 676.10 710.52Automotive products 552.78 663.86 676.91 52.69 53.87 50.13 5.47 7.17 8.52 431.67 521.93 517.44Other transport equipment 198.36 229.29 282.49 21.06 21.14 23.25 8.10 9.09 9.89 133.92 154.17 193.08

Other machinery 745.00 910.83 1008.63 80.36 88.29 93.91 15.89 20.21 25.57 464.51 566.29 607.03Textiles 83.53 93.13 92.05 4.65 4.69 4.16 0.62 0.74 0.80 63.34 70.67 68.86Clothing 106.99 123.05 130.52 4.76 4.86 4.59 0.28 0.36 0.41 89.44 102.65 107.97Other manufactures 446.28 514.39 562.85 46.39 49.02 48.82 4.92 6.06 7.08 318.49 371.35 404.14 Personal and household goods 97.85 115.66 122.91 6.47 7.13 6.64 0.39 0.51 0.62 79.38 93.49 98.23 Scientific and controlling instruments 95.72 111.74 122.95 14.68 15.74 17.33 1.76 2.20 2.59 57.03 67.14 72.29 Miscellaneous manufactures 252.71 286.99 316.99 25.24 26.15 24.85 2.77 3.35 3.87 182.08 210.72 233.61

Total merchandise exports b 4975.97 5791.34 6446.55 430.25 458.10 475.35 66.03 80.04 96.44 3667.21 4262.83 4695.03

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Table A10 (continued)

Network of world merchandise trade by product and region, 2006-2008

(Billion dollars)

Destination

2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 Origin

South and Central America5.53 5.74 7.62 5.86 7.20 9.46 5.21 6.39 8.11 19.32 25.26 32.99 Agricultural products5.40 5.57 7.41 5.76 7.07 9.30 5.09 6.17 7.86 16.28 21.22 28.21 Food0.13 0.17 0.21 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.05 0.04 0.06 1.52 1.49 1.78 Fish5.27 5.40 7.20 5.62 6.92 9.14 5.04 6.13 7.80 14.77 19.73 26.43 Other food products0.13 0.17 0.22 0.10 0.12 0.15 0.12 0.22 0.24 3.04 4.04 4.78 Raw materials0.13 0.20 0.51 1.90 2.16 2.39 0.89 0.91 1.51 31.94 42.92 53.39 Fuels and mining products0.12 0.19 0.22 0.70 0.67 0.86 0.54 0.57 1.18 19.40 26.49 28.62 Ores and other minerals0.01 0.00 0.29 1.11 1.39 1.47 0.24 0.27 0.21 5.60 5.37 13.55 Fuels0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.10 0.07 0.11 0.08 0.12 6.94 11.06 11.22 Non-ferrous metals0.47 0.61 0.84 3.54 4.30 4.86 1.77 1.81 2.23 9.29 11.37 14.13 Manufactures0.05 0.08 0.07 0.63 0.76 0.67 0.47 0.39 0.75 2.22 3.20 4.92 Iron and steel0.06 0.06 0.06 0.46 0.55 0.59 0.12 0.17 0.14 1.63 1.74 1.94 Chemicals0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.06 0.09 Pharmaceuticals0.04 0.04 0.05 0.44 0.53 0.56 0.10 0.15 0.12 1.58 1.68 1.85 Other chemicals0.04 0.06 0.09 0.44 0.53 0.65 0.16 0.21 0.24 1.97 2.26 2.12 Other semi-manufactures0.27 0.36 0.56 1.82 2.17 2.60 0.94 0.94 0.97 3.13 3.80 4.69 Machinery and transport equipment0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 1.66 1.82 1.41 Office and telecom equipment0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.47 0.45 EDP and office equipment0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.18 0.04 0.09 Telecommunications equipment0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.28 1.31 0.87 Integrated circuits0.18 0.24 0.37 1.18 1.43 1.48 0.68 0.55 0.63 0.67 0.77 2.17 Transport equipment0.18 0.24 0.34 1.02 1.05 1.23 0.22 0.26 0.26 0.41 0.31 0.38 Automotive products0.00 0.00 0.03 0.16 0.38 0.25 0.46 0.29 0.37 0.26 0.46 1.79 Other transport equipment0.09 0.12 0.19 0.53 0.71 1.10 0.24 0.38 0.32 0.81 1.22 1.11 Other machinery 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.09 0.09 Textiles0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.05 Clothing0.03 0.04 0.05 0.15 0.25 0.29 0.08 0.08 0.11 0.21 0.24 0.32 Other manufactures0.01 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.09 0.13 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.10 Personal and household goods0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.07 0.09 Scientific and controlling instruments0.00 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.12 0.12 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.09 0.13 Miscellaneous manufactures6.17 6.56 8.98 11.30 13.72 16.75 7.89 9.12 11.85 60.60 79.82 100.56 Total merchandise exports b

Europe13.15 16.52 21.04 12.34 15.25 20.63 9.50 10.96 14.15 23.51 26.84 31.15 Agricultural products11.93 14.92 18.99 10.26 12.52 17.43 8.36 9.47 12.57 16.42 19.26 22.33 Food1.19 1.49 1.77 0.69 0.85 1.18 0.10 0.13 0.15 1.85 2.03 2.41 Fish

10.75 13.43 17.21 9.56 11.67 16.25 8.26 9.35 12.41 14.57 17.24 19.92 Other food products1.21 1.59 2.06 2.08 2.73 3.21 1.14 1.49 1.58 7.09 7.58 8.82 Raw materials3.58 4.90 6.74 11.23 14.82 21.88 6.79 7.33 10.01 18.35 23.31 28.22 Fuels and mining products0.44 0.56 0.70 0.99 0.95 1.70 0.62 0.64 0.86 7.54 9.90 10.45 Ores and other minerals1.85 2.79 4.37 8.81 12.10 18.22 4.73 5.16 7.22 3.19 3.15 5.28 Fuels1.29 1.55 1.67 1.43 1.77 1.97 1.45 1.54 1.93 7.62 10.26 12.49 Non-ferrous metals

124.73 166.62 209.05 96.04 116.31 140.06 110.98 132.10 160.88 320.40 374.93 418.50 Manufactures2.49 3.42 3.95 4.99 6.51 10.27 8.15 10.32 17.46 9.44 11.76 13.71 Iron and steel

21.40 26.88 32.89 14.78 17.88 21.05 14.41 16.95 19.77 54.72 63.21 72.57 Chemicals7.03 8.34 11.36 5.02 6.12 6.99 4.77 5.77 7.02 16.90 19.67 23.69 Pharmaceuticals

14.37 18.55 21.53 9.76 11.76 14.06 9.64 11.18 12.76 37.82 43.54 48.88 Other chemicals13.76 18.23 22.26 9.51 11.64 14.63 13.55 16.48 17.80 31.17 35.21 36.37 Other semi-manufactures65.50 89.35 115.62 52.97 63.83 75.78 60.21 70.62 83.14 172.95 209.42 234.48 Machinery and transport equipment13.88 16.15 16.98 10.64 11.57 11.75 14.49 13.47 12.49 36.20 38.74 39.40 Office and telecom equipment5.08 5.88 5.54 3.64 4.07 4.21 4.45 4.42 4.36 7.02 7.45 7.46 EDP and office equipment8.23 9.64 10.84 6.09 6.55 6.54 9.46 8.58 7.72 12.12 12.11 12.53 Telecommunications equipment0.56 0.64 0.60 0.91 0.95 1.01 0.58 0.46 0.42 17.06 19.19 19.41 Integrated circuits

17.79 27.26 39.66 16.25 19.13 21.93 14.76 16.51 23.96 45.40 57.54 64.52 Transport equipment14.38 23.11 32.38 13.06 14.71 16.57 8.94 10.66 15.56 25.23 31.18 34.66 Automotive products3.40 4.15 7.28 3.20 4.42 5.36 5.82 5.86 8.40 20.17 26.36 29.86 Other transport equipment

33.83 45.94 58.98 26.08 33.13 42.09 30.96 40.63 46.69 91.34 113.15 130.57 Other machinery 3.22 3.86 4.32 4.45 5.25 5.70 1.55 1.70 2.06 5.19 5.61 5.62 Textiles4.41 5.99 7.18 1.33 1.36 1.52 1.85 2.29 2.87 4.31 4.90 5.38 Clothing

13.96 18.89 22.82 8.00 9.84 11.10 11.28 13.75 17.78 42.63 44.82 50.35 Other manufactures3.58 4.91 6.13 1.15 1.43 1.66 1.57 1.98 2.68 5.25 6.13 6.86 Personal and household goods2.51 3.74 4.73 2.55 3.15 3.48 2.88 3.46 4.28 14.12 16.10 18.04 Scientific and controlling instruments7.87 10.24 11.95 4.29 5.25 5.96 6.83 8.31 10.82 23.26 22.59 25.45 Miscellaneous manufactures

143.18 190.29 239.96 121.02 148.11 185.51 129.37 153.01 188.59 368.74 433.72 486.46 Total merchandise exports b

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Table A10 (continued)

Network of world merchandise trade by product and region, 2006-2008

(Billion dollars)

Destination

Origin 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)Agricultural products 29.54 39.67 47.72 0.74 0.79 0.67 0.05 0.03 0.12 8.19 10.74 13.85Fuels and mining products 285.68 337.30 470.02 15.51 20.25 26.05 2.96 2.24 3.63 206.71 234.99 324.86Manufactures 105.95 132.47 174.78 7.26 6.27 9.07 2.73 3.93 6.30 36.32 46.09 60.77Total merchandise exports b 430.91 519.28 702.76 23.86 27.61 36.12 5.74 6.43 10.05 257.40 295.90 405.55

AfricaAgricultural products 28.87 32.50 37.94 1.69 1.65 2.04 0.14 0.25 0.27 14.25 15.86 18.08Fuels and mining products 254.82 300.04 393.90 74.37 88.39 109.55 8.65 11.08 15.87 101.95 106.67 149.81Manufactures 69.64 81.23 99.87 6.94 7.65 9.65 1.23 1.49 2.35 36.24 41.15 46.49Total merchandise exports b 369.66 434.60 557.81 83.31 98.00 121.65 10.02 12.83 18.50 155.71 167.54 218.11

Middle EastAgricultural products 15.24 17.97 24.25 0.34 0.44 0.51 0.06 0.10 0.15 2.13 2.59 2.60Fuels and mining products 485.84 548.35 756.53 52.59 56.38 90.56 2.49 2.37 4.49 63.91 66.77 86.95Manufactures 142.80 177.73 220.30 20.15 20.69 24.85 1.14 1.16 2.16 20.03 23.40 32.28Total merchandise exports b 661.32 769.18 1021.22 74.60 79.96 116.49 3.84 4.00 6.88 91.15 98.86 125.50

AsiaAgricultural products 177.98 213.00 260.03 25.45 28.54 32.72 2.33 3.15 4.35 28.56 34.15 40.63

Food 134.52 163.85 204.98 20.51 23.17 26.37 1.46 2.08 3.07 21.19 25.86 31.52Fish 29.19 31.10 35.15 7.74 7.94 8.90 0.13 0.23 0.25 5.10 5.57 6.32Other food products 105.33 132.75 169.83 12.77 15.22 17.47 1.33 1.86 2.82 16.08 20.29 25.20

Raw materials 43.46 49.14 55.05 4.94 5.38 6.35 0.86 1.07 1.28 7.37 8.29 9.11Fuels and mining products 337.15 396.29 540.21 18.76 20.40 20.46 4.06 6.27 11.87 23.05 28.20 38.63

Ores and other minerals 52.37 64.92 77.69 1.88 1.83 2.36 0.05 0.09 0.13 6.07 6.95 6.26Fuels 219.08 255.08 386.10 11.34 13.12 12.80 3.77 5.87 11.32 11.11 13.48 24.73Non-ferrous metals 65.70 76.29 76.42 5.54 5.45 5.30 0.25 0.32 0.42 5.87 7.77 7.63

Manufactures 2681.36 3104.07 3447.83 652.02 693.87 712.96 59.21 77.62 102.86 532.30 636.62 702.47Iron and steel 106.30 140.58 180.85 17.39 16.74 24.18 1.83 3.06 5.63 14.21 23.07 24.37Chemicals 236.55 287.27 325.46 26.88 30.74 35.13 5.22 7.21 10.76 35.78 45.04 50.18

Pharmaceuticals 20.98 25.99 29.90 5.73 7.06 6.62 0.66 0.88 1.14 5.64 6.90 9.29Other chemicals 215.57 261.28 295.57 21.14 23.68 28.51 4.55 6.33 9.62 30.14 38.14 40.89

Other semi-manufactures 189.34 220.94 250.01 47.69 50.98 50.48 3.89 5.04 7.16 36.36 46.26 50.18Machinery and transport equipment 1562.84 1784.42 1952.97 395.42 411.77 414.31 34.74 44.24 57.62 307.88 365.89 399.13

Office and telecom equipment 800.13 882.81 909.77 199.79 204.79 202.31 9.82 11.30 14.13 164.29 189.49 201.22EDP and office equipment 282.92 316.14 320.36 93.40 98.92 96.59 1.77 2.48 3.08 73.42 87.45 90.77Telecommunications equipment 251.20 277.84 299.12 81.06 82.62 83.92 6.68 7.48 9.71 61.07 67.99 68.08Integrated circuits 266.00 288.82 290.29 25.32 23.25 21.80 1.37 1.34 1.34 29.79 34.05 42.37

Transport equipment 332.63 394.34 460.32 107.04 109.93 106.90 15.58 20.56 26.07 70.42 81.84 91.79Automotive products 224.14 264.88 289.91 85.98 87.77 82.72 9.42 13.70 15.95 41.68 48.26 46.97Other transport equipment 108.50 129.46 170.41 21.07 22.16 24.18 6.16 6.86 10.12 28.74 33.58 44.82

Other machinery 430.08 507.27 582.88 88.59 97.05 105.11 9.34 12.38 17.42 73.18 94.57 106.13Textiles 105.62 114.04 123.92 17.37 17.44 17.74 4.53 5.79 6.61 18.26 21.13 22.28Clothing 159.67 179.88 188.26 54.87 58.90 56.94 3.33 4.75 4.84 50.96 51.15 59.67Other manufactures 321.04 376.93 426.35 92.41 107.29 114.18 5.67 7.53 10.24 68.85 84.08 96.65 Personal and household goods 73.57 87.37 102.65 29.34 33.01 35.95 1.96 2.55 3.44 19.55 24.40 28.37 Scientific and controlling instruments 84.45 102.95 115.51 14.69 19.41 21.21 0.92 1.67 2.70 15.29 19.86 22.86 Miscellaneous manufactures 163.02 186.60 208.19 48.37 54.88 57.01 2.80 3.30 4.10 34.01 39.81 45.42

Total merchandise exports b 3275.11 3803.58 4353.04 705.15 752.71 775.02 69.46 92.25 127.33 600.40 715.08 801.01

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Table A10 (continued)

Network of world merchandise trade by product and region, 2006-2008

(Billion dollars)

Destination

2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 Origin

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)9.17 12.24 15.26 1.24 2.91 2.72 1.68 2.51 3.68 8.29 10.03 10.69 Agricultural products

30.46 37.77 55.46 0.52 0.62 2.53 6.09 5.85 11.07 23.24 35.12 45.00 Fuels and mining products38.76 51.12 62.60 3.18 3.51 4.96 5.20 7.89 9.54 12.24 13.12 20.14 Manufactures79.42 103.00 134.67 5.00 7.43 10.49 13.09 16.61 24.99 44.92 59.83 76.75 Total merchandise exports b

Africa0.45 0.57 0.80 5.40 6.34 7.87 1.42 1.55 2.11 5.07 5.30 6.11 Agricultural products0.04 0.15 0.33 13.21 16.81 19.90 1.78 1.75 2.35 53.27 65.27 90.92 Fuels and mining products0.16 0.21 0.31 12.89 15.67 21.86 2.71 3.25 4.75 8.53 9.39 12.94 Manufactures0.65 0.95 1.47 34.20 41.78 53.44 9.15 10.21 14.00 68.78 82.39 113.86 Total merchandise exports b

Middle East0.60 0.81 0.97 1.11 1.44 1.84 9.10 10.89 15.59 1.70 1.50 1.76 Agricultural products0.12 0.11 0.17 12.66 11.28 15.97 17.91 11.77 15.87 313.62 372.30 513.77 Fuels and mining products5.56 7.54 5.76 15.21 18.44 17.75 55.71 75.94 85.23 23.28 28.42 47.75 Manufactures6.45 8.95 7.20 29.28 31.84 36.60 85.98 102.57 122.10 343.43 408.70 568.86 Total merchandise exports b

Asia3.68 4.89 6.50 7.02 9.71 13.62 9.21 11.99 18.42 101.19 119.65 142.46 Agricultural products3.35 4.51 6.02 6.37 8.89 12.62 8.34 10.90 17.21 72.82 87.65 106.93 Food0.48 0.76 0.95 0.42 0.54 0.81 0.48 0.58 0.73 14.77 15.39 17.09 Fish2.87 3.75 5.07 5.95 8.35 11.81 7.86 10.32 16.48 58.05 72.26 89.84 Other food products0.34 0.38 0.48 0.65 0.81 0.99 0.87 1.09 1.21 28.38 32.00 35.53 Raw materials0.87 1.08 1.65 6.07 6.80 9.85 8.95 12.13 16.19 269.11 313.44 430.76 Fuels and mining products0.18 0.21 0.46 0.10 0.12 0.30 0.30 0.29 0.54 42.35 53.80 65.63 Ores and other minerals0.32 0.40 0.58 5.31 5.62 8.38 6.21 8.65 12.20 176.19 201.62 307.29 Fuels0.38 0.47 0.61 0.66 1.06 1.17 2.43 3.19 3.45 50.57 58.02 57.84 Non-ferrous metals

44.82 73.29 99.45 55.55 73.51 93.41 90.71 124.19 158.53 1228.05 1404.78 1551.64 Manufactures1.09 2.20 3.64 2.57 3.82 5.96 7.45 12.62 15.95 61.75 79.04 101.02 Iron and steel3.23 4.41 5.43 5.59 7.75 9.58 5.53 7.73 9.79 152.80 182.87 203.25 Chemicals0.53 0.60 0.72 1.44 2.10 2.37 0.40 0.56 0.70 6.42 7.82 9.00 Pharmaceuticals2.70 3.81 4.71 4.15 5.66 7.20 5.13 7.17 9.09 146.38 175.05 194.26 Other chemicals3.56 4.88 7.47 6.15 8.43 10.59 12.54 15.91 20.50 79.10 89.35 103.37 Other semi-manufactures

20.89 35.69 48.98 27.25 35.54 47.77 44.55 61.72 81.75 715.44 811.41 879.04 Machinery and transport equipment4.26 6.63 7.93 4.91 6.08 7.88 8.96 10.45 13.41 407.84 452.81 461.60 Office and telecom equipment0.85 1.25 1.57 0.88 1.01 1.27 2.22 3.09 4.09 110.35 121.91 122.94 EDP and office equipment3.23 5.22 6.17 3.59 4.59 6.14 6.26 6.95 8.73 89.15 101.82 115.18 Telecommunications equipment0.18 0.15 0.18 0.43 0.48 0.47 0.47 0.41 0.60 208.34 229.08 223.48 Integrated circuits

11.25 19.85 27.39 13.16 17.57 21.93 19.90 28.34 38.09 78.96 99.46 125.30 Transport equipment10.23 18.18 25.76 9.88 12.93 15.80 17.65 24.70 32.86 48.31 58.28 69.10 Automotive products1.02 1.67 1.63 3.28 4.64 6.12 2.25 3.64 5.23 30.66 41.18 56.21 Other transport equipment5.38 9.21 13.66 9.19 11.90 17.97 15.69 22.93 30.25 228.63 259.14 292.14 Other machinery 2.39 3.23 4.97 6.21 7.37 8.81 6.76 7.35 8.67 49.91 51.59 54.71 Textiles7.23 14.11 16.14 3.32 4.87 3.66 4.35 7.01 7.29 35.59 39.05 39.68 Clothing6.43 8.77 12.82 4.46 5.72 7.05 9.54 11.85 14.58 133.46 151.48 170.55 Other manufactures3.60 4.84 7.18 1.75 2.30 2.86 2.33 2.85 4.10 14.95 17.31 20.60 Personal and household goods0.42 0.56 0.83 0.53 0.68 0.79 0.76 1.28 1.36 51.80 59.46 65.72 Scientific and controlling instruments2.41 3.36 4.81 2.18 2.74 3.40 6.45 7.72 9.11 66.71 74.70 84.23 Miscellaneous manufactures

49.81 79.82 108.41 71.75 93.45 121.32 111.31 150.54 196.40 1639.13 1886.20 2181.40 Total merchandise exports b

a Includes unspecified destinations.b Includes unspecified products.Note : For sources and methods, see the Metadata.

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Table A11

(Billion dollars)

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

ExportsWorld 680.4 692.8 781.9 729.1 693.1 724.8 814.9 901.1 1026.0 1148.2 1287.4North America 233.5 251.3 289.0 265.0 258.7 267.7 301.0 332.6 364.9 385.4 413.2

Canada 154.1 163.9 176.4 163.3 160.8 169.5 189.1 211.4 230.2 248.4 260.9Mexico 79.0 87.0 112.0 101.3 97.5 97.6 110.7 120.2 133.7 135.9 151.2

South and Central America 62.7 54.6 58.8 57.6 50.9 51.5 60.7 71.5 87.2 105.4 135.0Brazil 15.2 13.2 15.4 15.9 12.4 11.2 13.9 15.4 18.9 24.2 32.3Other South and Central America 47.5 41.3 43.4 41.7 38.5 40.2 46.8 56.1 68.4 81.2 102.7

Europe 166.2 168.9 184.8 177.7 160.1 168.9 187.0 204.0 235.8 272.5 311.1European Union (27) 152.7 155.0 168.8 162.6 147.3 155.2 171.9 186.0 212.7 244.2 271.8Other Europe 13.4 13.9 16.0 15.1 12.8 13.8 15.0 17.9 23.1 28.3 39.3

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 4.6 2.8 3.3 3.8 3.8 3.7 4.8 5.9 7.1 10.5 13.8Russian Federation 3.6 1.8 2.3 2.7 2.4 2.4 3.0 4.0 4.7 7.3 9.3Other CIS 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.8 1.9 2.4 3.2 4.5

Africa 11.2 9.9 11.0 12.3 10.7 10.7 13.4 15.5 18.8 24.1 28.8South Africa 3.1 3.7 3.1 3.0 2.5 2.8 3.2 3.9 4.5 5.5 6.5Other Africa 8.1 6.2 7.9 9.4 8.1 7.9 10.2 11.6 14.4 18.5 22.3

Middle East 23.6 20.9 19.1 19.2 18.9 19.4 23.5 31.5 37.2 45.1 55.0Asia 178.2 184.0 215.6 193.1 189.7 202.7 224.1 239.5 274.2 304.4 329.4

China 14.3 13.1 16.3 19.2 22.1 28.4 34.4 41.2 53.7 62.9 69.7Japan 57.9 57.5 65.3 57.5 51.4 52.1 53.6 54.7 58.5 61.2 65.1Six East Asian traders 77.5 85.0 102.5 87.3 85.0 88.6 100.2 103.7 116.8 125.8 131.0Other Asia 28.6 28.4 31.5 29.0 31.2 33.6 35.9 40.0 45.3 54.6 63.6

ImportsWorld 944.4 1059.2 1259.3 1179.2 1200.2 1303.1 1525.7 1732.7 1918.1 2020.4 2169.5North America 274.0 312.5 370.7 352.6 349.2 366.5 417.7 464.6 507.9 531.6 559.0

Canada 177.9 201.4 232.7 219.9 213.5 227.6 259.7 291.9 307.7 317.5 339.1Mexico 96.1 111.1 137.6 132.7 135.9 139.5 157.9 172.5 200.4 213.3 218.6

South and Central America 53.8 61.8 77.5 71.7 73.7 83.8 105.2 129.9 140.4 141.8 167.4Brazil 10.6 11.9 14.6 15.2 16.7 18.9 22.7 26.2 28.0 27.2 32.1Other South and Central America 43.1 49.9 62.9 56.4 57.0 64.9 82.5 103.7 112.4 114.6 135.2

Europe 202.5 224.5 255.5 252.8 259.7 282.0 317.5 346.8 369.9 393.5 409.6European Union (27) 186.4 206.1 235.0 233.6 239.5 260.8 292.4 319.7 341.2 364.9 377.9Other Europe 16.1 18.4 20.6 19.3 20.2 21.2 25.1 27.1 28.7 28.6 31.7

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 7.1 7.2 9.8 8.1 8.4 10.4 14.9 19.8 25.3 26.5 38.5Russian Federation 6.0 6.0 8.0 6.5 7.1 9.1 12.6 16.2 20.7 20.2 27.9Other CIS 1.1 1.1 1.8 1.5 1.2 1.3 2.3 3.6 4.6 6.3 10.5

Africa 17.0 18.0 29.1 26.8 23.3 33.9 48.3 67.9 83.8 95.2 117.3South Africa 3.7 2.8 4.4 4.6 4.2 4.8 6.2 6.1 7.7 9.3 10.1Other Africa 13.3 15.2 24.7 22.2 19.1 29.1 42.2 61.8 76.1 85.9 107.1

Middle East 20.3 26.8 40.9 38.7 35.8 43.9 54.2 65.7 74.7 80.3 115.3Asia 369.6 408.5 475.7 428.6 450.2 482.6 567.7 638.0 716.0 751.4 762.4

China 75.1 87.8 107.6 109.4 133.4 163.2 210.5 259.8 305.7 340.3 356.6Japan 125.1 134.9 150.7 129.6 124.5 121.1 133.4 142.0 152.2 149.6 143.6Six East Asian traders 122.2 136.0 159.4 135.2 135.5 138.3 157.1 162.3 174.9 173.0 167.0Other Asia 47.2 49.8 58.0 54.4 56.8 60.0 66.7 73.9 83.2 88.5 95.3

Merchandise trade by region and selected economies, 1998-2008 - United States

203

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A12

(Billion dollars)

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2000-08 2005 2006 2007 2008

ExportsWorld 3762.5 4065.3 4591.2 5338.7 5898.4 12 8 13 16 10North America 337.1 362.5 393.0 419.3 434.7 7 8 8 7 4

United States 290.3 311.0 334.4 354.3 362.7 7 7 8 6 2Other North America 46.8 51.4 58.7 65.0 72.0 10 10 14 11 11

South and Central America 46.7 53.5 61.5 74.2 89.0 10 15 15 21 20Brazil 17.4 19.7 21.9 28.5 37.6 12 13 11 30 32Other South and Central America 29.3 33.8 39.6 45.7 51.4 8 15 17 15 12

Europe 2787.8 2987.9 3394.4 3942.9 4313.5 12 7 14 16 9European Union (27) 2577.1 2755.6 3135.6 3638.0 3973.5 11 7 14 16 9Other Europe 210.8 232.3 258.8 304.9 340.0 12 10 11 18 12

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 82.0 100.8 131.7 174.5 218.3 28 23 31 33 25Russian Federation 56.6 70.1 89.9 120.8 153.2 29 24 28 34 27Other CIS 25.5 30.8 41.8 53.6 65.2 26 21 36 28 22

Africa 92.7 105.9 113.3 138.5 171.8 14 14 7 22 24South Africa 19.4 22.3 24.6 27.7 28.9 13 15 10 12 5Other Africa 73.4 83.7 88.7 110.8 142.9 15 14 6 25 29

Middle East 93.7 108.4 113.2 132.3 156.1 14 16 4 17 18Asia 285.0 305.5 337.6 395.9 440.5 11 7 11 17 11

China 59.4 63.7 79.1 97.3 113.7 22 7 24 23 17Japan 52.9 53.4 55.2 58.5 60.4 5 1 3 6 3Six East Asian traders 100.7 108.6 117.7 133.5 145.6 9 8 8 13 9Other Asia 71.9 79.8 85.6 106.7 120.9 13 11 7 25 13

ImportsWorld 3854.5 4222.3 4830.4 5602.6 6255.8 12 10 14 16 12North America 227.4 238.1 257.3 296.4 323.7 5 5 8 15 9

United States 197.1 203.3 219.0 248.0 268.3 5 3 8 13 8Other North America 30.3 34.7 38.3 48.4 55.5 11 15 10 26 15

South and Central America 68.9 76.6 93.7 109.4 128.6 14 11 22 17 17Brazil 27.0 29.9 34.1 44.8 52.1 15 11 14 31 16Other South and Central America 41.9 46.7 59.7 64.6 76.5 14 11 28 8 18

Europe 2769.2 2969.6 3377.6 3919.9 4298.9 12 7 14 16 10European Union (27) 2576.4 2754.2 3133.2 3638.0 3973.5 12 7 14 16 9Other Europe 192.8 215.4 244.4 281.8 325.4 13 12 13 15 15

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 132.4 176.8 224.6 252.4 329.5 21 34 27 12 31Russian Federation 105.3 142.7 178.5 197.9 254.0 20 36 25 11 28Other CIS 27.1 34.1 46.1 54.5 75.6 26 26 35 18 39

Africa 103.1 128.9 146.5 164.3 214.2 14 25 14 12 30South Africa 19.5 20.7 23.0 28.4 32.3 12 7 11 23 14Other Africa 83.6 108.2 123.5 135.9 181.8 15 29 14 10 34

Middle East 59.9 82.9 87.0 93.0 111.0 11 38 5 7 19Asia 468.9 520.0 602.3 717.0 784.5 12 11 16 19 9

China 160.0 199.2 244.4 317.5 363.7 23 25 23 30 15Japan 92.8 92.1 96.9 107.3 109.9 3 -1 5 11 2Six East Asian traders 137.0 145.4 165.1 179.7 184.9 8 6 14 9 3Other Asia 79.0 83.3 96.0 112.6 125.9 11 5 15 17 12

Value Annual percentage change

Merchandise trade by region and selected economies, 2004-2008 - European Union (27)

204

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A13

(Billion dollars)

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

ExportsWorld 388.1 417.6 479.2 403.5 416.7 471.8 565.7 594.9 646.7 714.3 782.0North America 130.4 141.1 156.9 133.4 131.5 128.6 142.5 151.7 164.7 164.5 158.1

United States 118.4 119.8 144.0 122.6 120.4 117.5 128.7 135.9 145.5 143.7 137.4Other North America 12.0 21.3 12.9 10.9 11.1 11.1 13.8 15.8 19.3 20.8 20.7

South and Central America 15.3 13.5 8.0 7.6 6.7 6.5 8.1 9.4 12.0 15.0 19.2Brazil 2.6 2.0 2.5 2.5 1.8 1.9 2.3 2.7 3.0 4.0 5.9Other South and Central America 12.7 11.4 5.5 5.1 4.9 4.6 5.8 6.6 9.0 11.0 13.3

Europe 78.7 81.2 85.4 70.2 67.2 80.0 94.8 93.5 100.7 112.7 119.3European Union (27) 73.3 76.5 80.6 66.7 64.0 75.7 89.3 87.8 94.0 105.4 110.2Other Europe 5.4 4.7 4.8 3.5 3.2 4.3 5.5 5.7 6.7 7.2 9.1

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 1.2 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.2 2.2 3.8 5.2 8.3 12.5 19.3Russian Federation 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.8 3.1 4.5 7.1 10.8 16.5Other CIS 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.7 1.2 1.7 2.8

Africa 5.7 5.3 4.2 3.7 3.9 4.8 6.6 7.0 8.7 10.5 12.5South Africa 1.6 2.1 1.9 1.5 1.6 2.0 2.9 3.3 4.1 4.6 4.6Other Africa 4.1 3.2 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.8 3.7 3.7 4.6 5.9 7.9

Middle East 12.4 9.8 9.7 10.5 11.4 12.9 14.5 16.5 19.2 26.2 34.0Asia 144.1 165.9 207.3 171.7 189.5 231.2 288.7 303.5 322.2 361.0 406.2

China ... ... 42.5 42.3 52.5 72.9 92.9 98.4 111.5 129.7 146.2Six East Asian traders ... ... 130.0 99.1 105.9 122.6 153.6 161.2 167.0 179.8 196.9Other Asia 27.0 30.2 34.8 30.3 31.1 35.7 42.3 43.8 43.6 51.5 63.2

ImportsWorld 280.6 310.0 379.5 349.1 337.2 382.9 454.5 516.7 579.1 622.2 762.6North America 76.4 77.1 83.6 73.5 67.7 69.2 74.2 77.0 80.4 84.1 94.3

United States 76.0 67.5 72.5 63.7 58.7 59.9 63.6 65.5 68.0 70.9 77.7Other North America 0.4 9.6 11.1 9.8 9.0 9.3 10.6 11.5 12.4 13.1 16.6

South and Central America 7.7 7.6 8.2 7.1 6.8 7.7 10.4 12.1 16.2 19.6 22.2Brazil 2.9 2.7 3.0 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.7 4.4 5.1 6.0 8.7Other South and Central America 4.8 5.0 5.2 4.6 4.2 4.8 6.8 7.7 11.1 13.6 13.5

Europe 44.2 48.5 52.6 50.3 49.6 55.7 64.5 65.7 66.8 72.5 79.6European Union (27) 39.6 43.3 47.7 45.6 44.8 50.1 58.0 58.9 59.8 64.9 70.3Other Europe 4.5 5.2 4.9 4.7 4.8 5.6 6.5 6.8 7.0 7.6 9.3

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 3.1 4.0 4.9 4.2 3.6 4.6 6.2 6.8 7.4 11.5 14.8Russian Federation 2.9 3.8 4.6 3.9 3.3 4.2 5.7 6.2 6.7 10.6 13.3Other CIS 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.5

Africa 3.9 4.0 4.9 4.5 5.7 6.4 8.7 9.9 13.5 15.3 21.4South Africa 2.7 3.6 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.6 4.6 5.5 6.6 7.7 9.0Other Africa 1.2 0.5 1.9 1.7 2.8 2.9 4.1 4.3 6.9 7.6 12.4

Middle East 25.5 30.3 49.2 44.3 40.7 51.2 62.7 87.5 109.1 114.0 166.7Asia 119.7 138.3 176.0 165.2 163.1 188.1 227.8 257.6 283.3 303.2 361.1

China 37.1 42.9 55.1 57.9 61.8 75.4 94.3 108.6 118.0 127.5 143.3Six East Asian traders 45.6 55.8 71.5 61.4 57.1 63.3 74.6 81.4 88.9 91.2 104.6Other Asia 37.0 39.6 49.4 45.9 44.3 49.3 59.0 67.6 76.3 84.5 113.2

Merchandise trade by region and selected economies, 1998-2008 - Japan

205

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A14

(Billion dollars)

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

ExportsWorld 183.8 194.9 249.2 266.1 325.6 438.2 593.3 762.0 969.0 1218.6 1428.3North America 40.8 45.2 73.9 77.5 100.4 130.4 176.2 226.0 284.2 326.2 349.9

United States 38.0 42.0 68.2 71.1 91.4 119.2 159.7 204.9 255.0 289.4 308.2Other North America 2.8 3.2 5.7 6.4 9.0 11.2 16.4 21.1 29.2 36.8 41.7

South and Central America 4.6 4.4 5.7 6.3 6.5 8.4 13.0 17.7 26.6 39.3 56.6Brazil 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.5 2.1 3.7 4.8 7.4 11.4 18.8Other South and Central America 3.5 3.5 4.5 5.0 5.0 6.3 9.3 12.9 19.3 27.9 37.9

Europe 31.8 34.0 51.6 55.4 67.2 100.8 140.5 186.8 244.3 317.7 371.5European Union (27) 29.8 32.1 49.1 53.4 64.7 96.5 134.4 178.3 231.4 299.2 351.7Other Europe 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.5 4.2 6.0 8.5 12.9 18.5 19.8

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 2.4 2.2 3.2 3.5 5.1 9.3 13.8 21.4 28.0 48.0 64.6Russian Federation 1.8 1.5 2.2 2.7 3.5 6.0 9.1 13.2 15.8 28.5 33.0Other CIS 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.6 3.3 4.7 8.2 12.2 19.5 31.5

Africa 4.0 4.1 4.9 5.9 6.9 10.1 13.6 18.5 26.2 36.5 50.2South Africa 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 2.0 3.0 3.8 5.8 7.4 8.6Other Africa 3.1 3.2 3.9 4.8 5.6 8.1 10.7 14.7 20.4 29.1 41.6

Middle East 4.1 4.6 6.2 7.1 9.5 13.3 16.9 22.2 29.6 44.0 58.4Asia 96.1 100.4 103.5 110.3 130.0 165.9 219.1 269.2 329.5 405.3 476.2

Japan 29.7 32.4 44.3 49.0 55.3 70.8 89.6 102.4 112.0 124.8 138.5Six East Asian traders 55.7 56.2 42.6 43.6 52.4 64.6 86.5 111.7 145.8 180.2 212.0Other Asia 10.8 11.7 16.7 17.7 22.2 30.5 43.0 55.2 71.6 100.3 125.7

ImportsWorld 140.2 165.7 225.1 243.6 295.2 412.8 561.2 660.0 791.5 956.1 1132.5North America 19.3 22.0 26.6 31.0 32.0 40.0 54.2 58.5 69.6 83.8 98.2

United States 16.9 19.5 22.4 26.2 27.3 33.9 44.8 48.7 59.3 69.5 81.7Other North America 2.4 2.5 4.2 4.8 4.7 6.1 9.5 9.7 10.3 14.2 16.5

South and Central America 2.8 2.8 4.9 5.9 7.2 13.2 19.5 24.4 31.5 47.7 67.5Brazil 1.1 1.0 1.6 2.3 3.0 5.8 8.7 10.0 12.9 18.3 29.6Other South and Central America 1.7 1.9 3.3 3.6 4.2 7.3 10.9 14.4 18.6 29.4 37.8

Europe 22.0 27.4 33.5 39.0 43.1 59.1 76.2 79.9 97.2 120.0 144.6European Union (27) 20.9 25.8 31.3 36.4 39.8 55.0 70.5 74.0 90.6 110.9 132.8Other Europe 1.2 1.6 2.2 2.6 3.3 4.2 5.7 5.9 6.6 9.0 11.8

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 4.3 5.3 7.4 9.6 10.6 13.1 16.2 20.7 22.8 28.0 33.9Russian Federation 3.6 4.2 5.8 8.0 8.4 9.7 12.1 15.9 17.6 19.7 23.8Other CIS 0.7 1.1 1.6 1.7 2.2 3.4 4.1 4.8 5.2 8.3 10.0

Africa 1.5 2.4 5.6 4.8 5.4 8.4 15.6 21.1 28.8 36.4 55.9South Africa 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.8 3.0 3.4 4.1 6.6 9.2Other Africa 0.8 1.5 4.5 3.6 4.2 6.5 12.7 17.6 24.7 29.7 46.7

Middle East 3.2 3.6 10.0 9.2 9.5 14.4 21.6 31.0 40.8 47.9 80.0Asia 84.0 98.1 137.1 144.0 187.3 264.5 357.7 424.3 500.8 592.2 651.5

China 28.3 33.8 7.2 8.8 15.0 25.1 38.7 55.2 73.3 85.8 92.3Japan 47.6 54.1 41.5 42.8 53.5 74.1 94.3 100.4 115.7 133.9 150.6Six East Asian traders 8.1 10.3 73.1 76.2 99.3 136.9 182.5 214.3 246.8 286.5 306.2Other Asia 0.0 0.0 15.4 16.3 19.6 28.4 42.2 54.4 65.0 86.0 102.3

Merchandise trade by region and selected economies, 1998-2008 - China

206

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A15

(Billion dollars and percentage)

1963 1973 1983 1993 2003 2008 1963 1973 1983 1993 2003 2008

Value

World 22.9 72.4 205.6 464.8 724.8 1287.4 17.1 70.3 269.9 1303.1 2169.5

World 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100North America 21.2 26.4 25.4 30.6 36.9 32.1 25.7 28.6 26.1 25.6 28.1 25.8South and Central America 11.6 9.5 7.9 7.9 7.1 10.5 20.1 10.3 9.5 6.1 6.4 7.7Europe 29.7 28.8 26.8 24.9 23.3 24.2 27.5 27.6 21.1 20.1 21.6 18.9

European Union (27) - - - ... 21.4 21.1 - - - ... 20.0 17.4Other Europe - - - ... 1.9 3.1 - - - ... 1.6 1.5

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) - - - 0.8 0.5 1.1 - - - 0.4 0.8 1.8Russian Federation - - - 0.6 0.3 0.7 - - - 0.3 0.7 1.3

Africa 4.3 3.1 3.7 2.0 1.5 2.2 4.7 4.3 5.6 2.6 2.6 5.4South Africa 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.5 1.5 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.5Other Africa 3.1 2.1 2.7 1.5 1.1 1.7 3.2 3.8 4.8 2.3 2.2 4.9

Middle East 2.4 3.0 6.5 3.6 2.7 4.3 1.8 2.4 2.8 2.7 3.4 5.3Asia 20.6 23.3 26.0 30.1 28.0 25.6 19.6 26.1 34.5 42.5 37.0 35.1

Japan 7.5 11.4 10.1 10.3 7.2 5.1 8.8 13.8 16.1 18.3 9.3 6.6China 0.0 0.0 1.4 1.9 3.9 5.4 0.0 0.1 0.9 5.6 12.5 16.4Six East Asian traders 3.0 5.6 9.2 13.4 12.2 10.2 2.9 7.5 12.2 14.4 10.6 7.7Other Asia 10.1 6.3 5.3 4.5 4.6 4.9 7.9 4.8 5.3 4.1 4.6 4.4

Total merchandise 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Agricultural products 29.8 28.7 21.6 13.3 10.5 10.9 33.3 18.3 10.3 7.3 5.9 5.3

Food 21.5 23.2 17.3 10.1 8.1 8.7 23.3 13.6 7.8 5.3 4.7 4.4Fish 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.3 2.3 2.0 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.7Other food products 21.4 22.8 16.8 9.4 7.6 8.4 21.0 11.6 6.4 4.3 3.8 3.7

Raw materials 6.3 5.5 4.3 3.2 2.4 2.1 10.0 4.7 2.5 2.0 1.3 1.0Fuels and mining products 8.1 6.0 7.6 4.1 3.9 9.8 22.9 18.6 26.4 12.1 14.2 25.7

Ores and other minerals 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.0 1.0 2.5 6.1 2.4 1.3 0.7 0.4 0.6Fuels 4.1 2.3 4.7 2.1 1.9 6.0 11.6 12.8 22.3 9.8 12.5 23.1Non-ferrous metals 1.7 1.5 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.3 5.3 3.5 2.8 1.5 1.3 2.0

Manufactures 61.4 62.8 66.8 76.6 81.3 74.8 40.5 60.5 60.5 77.1 76.0 65.3Iron and steel 2.3 1.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.6 3.8 4.3 2.7 1.8 1.1 2.3Chemicals 8.6 8.1 9.9 9.9 13.0 14.0 3.3 11.1 4.2 5.1 8.0 8.3

Pharmaceuticals 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.3 2.6 3.0 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.7 2.4 2.8Other chemicals 7.4 7.2 8.6 8.6 10.3 11.0 3.0 10.9 3.7 4.4 5.5 5.6

Other semi-manufactures 5.6 5.2 4.9 5.3 6.0 5.8 10.9 8.8 6.9 6.8 7.0 5.8Machinery and transport equipment 35.9 40.0 42.7 48.4 48.5 42.5 10.8 31.1 33.0 44.0 41.0 34.0

Office and telecom equipment 4.2 6.2 10.8 9.8 15.5 10.7 2.3 6.3 8.9 15.3 13.9 12.0EDP and office equipment ... ... 5.7 6.7 5.7 3.7 ... ... 2.6 7.3 6.3 4.8Telecommunications equipment ... ... 1.8 3.1 3.3 3.1 ... ... 4.3 4.6 5.6 5.9Integrated circuits ... ... 2.3 4.3 6.6 3.9 ... ... 2.0 3.5 2.0 1.2

Transport equipment 13.3 18.6 16.7 16.4 16.6 16.8 4.7 17.9 16.4 17.2 16.5 11.3Automotive products 7.5 11.0 8.4 9.2 9.6 8.7 3.5 15.2 14.4 14.9 13.9 9.2Other transport equipment 5.7 7.6 8.3 0.1 7.0 8.1 1.1 2.7 1.9 2.3 2.6 2.1

Other machinery 18.4 15.3 15.3 22.2 16.4 15.1 3.8 6.8 7.7 11.5 10.6 10.7Power generating machinery 0.6 0.5 2.6 4.2 2.9 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.7 1.5 1.3 1.6Non-electrical machinery 14.2 11.0 9.3 9.0 8.5 9.4 2.8 4.4 4.3 5.8 5.1 5.3Electrical machinery 3.6 3.8 3.4 9.0 5.0 4.1 1.0 2.3 2.6 4.2 4.2 3.9

Textiles 2.1 1.8 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.0 4.0 2.2 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.1Clothing 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.1 0.8 0.3 2.3 3.1 3.9 5.9 5.5 3.8Other manufactures 6.5 5.4 6.8 9.9 10.6 9.6 5.4 7.5 8.6 12.2 12.1 10.0

Personal and household goods ... ... ... 0.8 0.7 0.6 ... ... ... 3.5 3.7 2.9Scientific and controlling instruments ... ... ... 3.4 4.3 3.8 ... ... ... 1.4 1.8 1.7Miscellaneous manufactures ... ... ... 5.7 5.6 5.2 ... ... ... 7.2 6.5 5.3

Merchandise trade of the United States by region and by product, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003 and 2008

Exports Imports

Share

207

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A16

(Billion dollars and percentage)

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

World 4051.1 4397.0 4976.0 5791.3 6446.6 4161.3 4573.6 5238.5 6089.8 6820.0 World 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Intra-Europe 73.8 73.3 73.7 73.6 72.8 71.7 70.1 69.5 69.6 68.2

European Union (27) 68.4 67.8 68.2 68.0 67.2 66.8 65.1 64.6 64.6 63.1Other Europe 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.1

Inter-regional trade 25.2 25.7 25.3 25.3 25.9 27.6 29.2 29.6 29.6 30.8North America 9.1 9.0 8.6 7.9 7.4 5.9 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.3South and Central America 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 2.2 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.7 3.6 4.4 4.9 4.9 5.7

Russian Federation 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.6 2.9 3.5 3.9 3.8 4.4Africa 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.9 2.7 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.4

South Africa 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5Other Africa 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.8

Middle East 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.9 1.6 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.9Asia 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.5 7.5 12.1 12.3 12.4 12.8 12.6

Japan 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.8China 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.9 4.1 4.7 5.0 5.6 5.8Australia and New Zealand 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3Six East Asian traders 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.0Other Asia 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7

Total merchandise 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Agricultural products 9.2 9.1 8.8 9.0 9.3 9.7 9.4 9.0 9.3 9.6

Food 7.7 7.6 7.4 7.6 8.0 8.0 7.7 7.3 7.7 8.1Fish 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7Other food products 7.1 7.0 6.8 7.0 7.4 7.2 7.0 6.6 6.9 7.4

Raw materials 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5Fuels and mining products 7.8 9.4 10.8 10.5 11.9 12.2 15.2 17.4 16.7 19.4

Ores and other minerals 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.8Fuels 5.2 6.7 7.3 6.8 8.6 8.8 11.8 12.9 11.9 15.1Non-ferrous metals 1.7 1.8 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.9 2.9 2.4

Manufactures 80.8 79.4 78.4 78.5 76.8 75.7 73.5 71.8 72.2 69.3Iron and steel 3.3 3.4 3.6 4.0 4.1 3.1 3.2 3.4 4.0 3.9Chemicals 14.9 15.1 14.9 15.2 15.4 12.6 12.7 12.4 12.8 12.8

Pharmaceuticals 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.3 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.9Other chemicals 9.9 10.0 9.9 10.1 10.1 8.7 8.8 8.6 9.0 8.9

Other semi-manufactures 8.6 8.4 8.3 8.5 8.2 7.9 7.7 7.5 7.8 7.4Machinery and transport equipment 40.2 39.1 38.8 38.2 37.0 37.8 36.1 35.3 34.4 32.3

Office and telecom equipment 8.3 8.7 8.7 7.1 6.4 10.5 10.5 10.7 9.1 8.3EDP and office equipment 3.4 3.4 3.3 2.8 2.5 4.7 4.6 4.6 3.8 3.4Telecommunications equipment 3.4 3.8 4.1 3.1 2.9 3.9 4.3 4.7 4.1 3.7Integrated circuits 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.2

Transport equipment 16.8 15.6 15.1 15.4 14.9 15.1 13.7 12.9 13.2 12.3Automotive products 12.0 11.5 11.1 11.5 10.5 10.5 9.8 9.4 9.7 8.6Other transport equipment 4.7 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.4 4.6 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.7

Other machinery 15.1 14.8 15.0 15.7 15.6 12.2 11.8 11.6 12.2 11.7Textiles 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.4 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.4Clothing 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.8Other manufactures 9.4 9.2 9.0 8.9 8.7 9.2 9.1 8.7 8.8 8.6

Personal and household goods 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1Scientific and controlling instruments 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6Miscellaneous manufactures 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.0 4.9 5.1 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.9

Share

Merchandise trade of Europe by region and by product, 2004-2008

Imports Exports

Value

208

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A17

(Billion dollars and percentage)

1963 1973 1983 1993 2003 2008 1963 1973 1983 1993 2003 2008

Value

World 5.5 36.9 147.0 362.2 471.8 782.0 6.7 38.3 126.4 241.6 382.9 762.6

World 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100North America 30.7 29.2 32.4 32.2 27.3 20.2 37.6 30.2 24.6 26.9 18.1 12.4South and Central America 5.3 5.2 2.3 3.3 1.4 2.5 6.4 4.4 3.5 2.8 2.0 2.9Europe 13.3 17.9 15.8 18.3 17.0 15.3 10.0 10.6 8.8 15.5 14.5 10.4

European Union (27) ... ... ... 16.9 16.0 14.1 ... ... ... ... 13.1 9.2Other Europe ... ... ... 1.4 0.9 1.2 ... ... ... ... 1.5 1.2

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) - - - 0.5 0.5 2.5 - - - 1.2 1.2 1.9Russian Federation - - - 0.4 0.4 2.1 - - - 1.1 1.1 1.7

Africa 6.3 4.1 3.6 2.0 1.0 1.6 3.9 4.5 2.6 1.6 1.7 2.8South Africa 1.5 1.6 1.2 0.6 0.4 0.6 1.9 1.5 1.3 0.8 0.9 1.2Other Africa 4.8 2.4 2.4 1.5 0.6 1.0 2.0 3.1 1.3 0.8 0.7 1.6

Middle East 3.2 4.1 10.8 3.3 2.7 4.4 11.2 12.5 26.5 11.3 13.4 21.9Asia 34.9 31.6 31.0 40.1 49.0 51.9 28.2 34.5 32.6 40.3 49.1 47.4

China a 1.1 2.8 3.3 4.8 15.4 18.7 1.1 2.5 4.0 8.5 19.7 18.8Six East Asian traders 15.8 18.0 17.8 28.3 26.0 25.2 8.4 9.8 9.7 17.0 16.5 13.7Australia and New Zealand 3.7 3.9 3.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 8.5 10.2 6.0 5.8 4.5 6.6Other Asia 14.2 6.9 6.3 4.6 5.1 5.5 10.3 12.0 12.9 9.1 8.4 8.3

Total merchandise 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Agricultural products 8.8 4.1 1.8 1.0 1.0 1.1 44.5 36.0 20.7 24.6 15.3 10.6

Food 5.9 2.4 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.5 20.8 18.9 13.5 17.3 12.3 8.7Fish 3.7 1.4 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 2.6 3.1 5.8 3.3 1.8Other food products 2.2 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 20.2 16.3 10.5 11.6 9.0 6.8

Raw materials 3.0 1.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 23.7 17.1 7.1 7.3 2.9 1.9Fuels and mining products 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.7 4.8 32.9 37.8 55.9 26.8 26.1 42.8

Ores and other minerals 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.7 13.0 11.6 5.9 3.6 2.7 4.7Fuels 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 2.4 18.0 21.8 46.7 20.4 21.2 35.0Non-ferrous metals 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.9 1.7 1.9 4.3 3.2 2.7 2.2 3.1

Manufactures 88.8 93.1 95.6 95.5 93.0 88.8 22.4 25.6 21.5 46.1 57.0 44.9Iron and steel 12.9 14.4 8.7 4.0 3.8 5.7 1.3 0.6 1.1 1.7 0.9 1.5Chemicals 5.8 5.8 4.6 5.6 8.3 8.8 5.5 4.9 5.5 7.3 7.7 7.3

Pharmaceuticals 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.6 1.6 1.5Other chemicals 5.3 5.5 4.4 5.1 7.6 8.4 4.9 3.9 4.6 5.7 6.1 5.8

Other semi-manufactures 11.7 7.0 6.3 4.4 4.3 4.3 1.2 3.9 2.1 4.9 4.3 3.4Machinery and transport equipment 27.4 51.7 63.8 71.8 66.8 62.1 12.0 8.3 7.0 16.9 27.6 20.8

Office and telecom equipment 6.8 12.7 18.4 23.3 19.1 13.3 2.1 2.1 1.9 6.8 14.2 9.5EDP and office equipment ... ... 4.8 9.1 5.1 3.1 ... ... 0.8 2.9 6.3 3.2Telecommunications equipment ... ... 11.1 8.1 6.5 4.5 ... ... 0.4 1.8 3.4 3.2Integrated circuits ... ... 2.5 6.1 7.5 5.7 ... ... 0.7 2.2 4.5 3.1

Transport equipment 12.2 26.1 28.6 28.3 27.4 27.4 2.4 1.8 2.1 4.5 4.7 3.5Automotive products 3.4 12.0 20.9 22.1 21.8 21.9 0.5 0.6 0.5 2.7 2.9 2.1Other transport equipment 8.7 14.1 7.7 6.2 5.6 5.6 1.9 1.2 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.4

Other machinery 8.4 12.9 16.8 20.1 20.4 21.3 7.5 4.4 3.0 5.6 8.7 7.9Power generating machinery 0.2 0.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.5 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.1Non-electrical machinery 4.6 8.1 10.3 12.4 12.6 13.7 5.4 2.8 1.6 2.7 4.1 3.4Electrical machinery 3.6 4.3 5.1 6.4 6.6 6.0 1.3 1.3 0.9 2.1 3.4 3.4

Textiles 16.8 6.6 3.6 1.9 1.4 0.9 0.6 3.0 1.2 1.6 1.3 0.9Clothing 3.9 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.5 1.2 5.2 5.1 3.4Other manufactures 10.3 6.5 8.1 7.7 8.4 7.0 1.7 3.6 3.3 8.5 10.2 7.6

Personal and household goods 1.7 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.6 2.4 2.7 1.9Scientific and controlling instruments 3.1 3.7 1.4 2.1 3.1 2.8 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.5 2.5 1.9Miscellaneous manufactures 5.5 2.4 6.5 5.4 5.1 4.0 0.6 2.1 1.9 4.6 5.0 3.8

a Includes significant shipments recorded as exports to Hong Kong, China with China as final destination.

Merchandise trade of Japan by region and by product, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003 and 2008

Exports Imports

Share

209

AP

PE

ND

IX

210

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A18

(Billion dollars)

exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp

Agricultural products 2007 28.97 17.17 1.36 2.62 3.96 3.50 0.30 0.12 1.20 0.45 1.03 0.08 11.90 3.45 2008 30.27 19.10 1.82 2.85 4.26 3.76 0.53 0.11 1.89 0.54 1.57 0.07 13.79 3.81

Food 2007 19.04 14.45 1.28 2.34 2.41 3.21 0.29 0.10 1.05 0.40 0.88 0.07 6.97 2.74 2008 22.20 16.49 1.74 2.55 2.94 3.48 0.52 0.08 1.72 0.48 1.40 0.07 8.83 3.00

Fish 2007 2.27 0.71 0.05 0.17 0.57 0.09 0.09 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.67 0.88 2008 2.30 0.74 0.05 0.17 0.47 0.09 0.12 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.71 0.87

Other food products 2007 16.77 13.74 1.23 2.16 1.85 3.12 0.20 0.06 1.04 0.39 0.88 0.07 6.30 1.86 2008 19.90 15.75 1.68 2.39 2.47 3.40 0.40 0.04 1.72 0.47 1.40 0.06 8.12 2.13

Raw materials 2007 9.93 2.72 0.09 0.28 1.55 0.29 0.01 0.02 0.15 0.05 0.15 0.01 4.93 0.71 2008 8.07 2.62 0.08 0.29 1.32 0.28 0.01 0.03 0.17 0.06 0.17 0.00 4.96 0.81 Fuels and mining products 2007 103.58 18.35 0.77 4.32 10.55 12.21 0.02 1.34 0.17 6.98 0.15 3.24 8.50 1.36

2008 136.87 25.05 1.39 4.24 11.64 14.18 0.03 2.68 0.33 10.98 0.25 4.48 10.76 1.84 Ores and other minerals 2007 3.06 3.80 0.14 1.66 6.71 0.39 0.01 0.00 0.10 0.34 0.05 0.00 3.33 0.50

2008 4.41 4.54 0.49 1.58 5.81 0.34 0.01 0.00 0.31 0.13 0.11 0.00 4.20 0.52 Fuels 2007 83.96 10.80 0.49 1.90 1.13 11.36 0.01 1.25 0.01 6.56 0.04 3.23 1.86 0.27

2008 117.08 16.83 0.78 1.91 3.94 13.33 0.01 2.59 0.02 10.76 0.04 4.47 3.98 0.66 Non-ferrous metals 2007 16.56 3.75 0.14 0.75 2.72 0.46 0.00 0.10 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.01 3.31 0.60

2008 15.38 3.68 0.12 0.75 1.88 0.51 0.00 0.09 0.01 0.09 0.10 0.01 2.58 0.66 Manufactures 2007 186.04 183.23 3.91 3.07 19.14 37.18 1.12 0.37 1.70 0.89 1.73 0.93 10.85 68.26 2008 173.39 181.72 4.77 2.77 18.18 40.60 1.41 0.60 1.70 0.89 2.29 1.27 12.55 72.95

Iron and steel 2007 6.46 6.59 0.10 0.29 0.26 1.46 0.01 0.09 0.03 0.09 0.05 0.01 0.21 2.02 2008 8.30 7.82 0.22 0.41 0.42 1.69 0.01 0.16 0.06 0.14 0.05 0.01 0.27 2.29

Chemicals 2007 25.49 24.37 0.60 0.54 4.90 10.32 0.05 0.14 0.10 0.29 0.16 0.30 3.40 3.03 2008 28.31 25.32 1.13 0.78 3.27 10.70 0.07 0.29 0.16 0.37 0.18 0.56 4.79 3.00

Pharmaceuticals 2007 4.82 3.56 0.08 0.07 0.95 6.00 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.06 0.22 0.22 0.44 2008 4.59 3.22 0.09 0.10 1.16 6.68 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.07 0.25 0.22 0.50

Other chemicals 2007 20.67 20.81 0.51 0.47 3.95 4.32 0.04 0.14 0.07 0.29 0.10 0.09 3.18 2.60 2008 23.72 22.10 1.04 0.68 2.11 4.02 0.05 0.29 0.14 0.37 0.11 0.32 4.57 2.50

Other semi-manufactures 2007 25.85 17.50 0.78 0.32 3.10 3.12 0.07 0.05 0.18 0.03 0.23 0.16 0.77 5.61 2008 24.18 18.14 0.92 0.35 3.80 3.12 0.08 0.06 0.25 0.05 0.37 0.18 0.92 6.29

Machinery and transport equipment 2007 108.15 111.71 2.09 1.46 8.86 16.89 0.84 0.05 1.27 0.33 1.12 0.28 5.32 37.55 2008 93.92 106.77 2.15 0.81 8.84 19.46 1.09 0.05 1.07 0.20 1.46 0.31 5.37 39.48

Office and telecom equipment 2007 10.66 12.29 0.35 0.09 2.20 1.19 0.07 0.00 0.10 0.01 0.14 0.14 1.67 17.60 2008 10.63 12.15 0.27 0.09 1.78 1.29 0.08 0.00 0.10 0.01 0.16 0.13 1.29 18.66

EDP and office equipment 2007 3.00 4.64 0.13 0.02 0.71 0.53 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.03 0.34 7.97 2008 2.81 4.40 0.13 0.02 0.65 0.54 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.08 0.03 0.36 8.02

Telecommunications equipment 2007 6.00 6.10 0.21 0.01 1.26 0.49 0.02 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.08 0.10 0.94 7.52 2008 5.49 6.29 0.14 0.01 0.85 0.54 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.07 0.10 0.64 8.30

Integrated circuits 2007 1.66 1.55 0.01 0.05 0.24 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.40 2.11 2008 2.33 1.47 0.01 0.05 0.29 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.28 2.35

Transport equipment 2007 73.59 65.52 0.71 1.06 3.10 5.73 0.21 0.04 0.71 0.02 0.33 0.01 1.21 10.36 2008 58.66 59.37 0.66 0.39 3.22 6.67 0.22 0.03 0.43 0.02 0.42 0.05 1.23 10.36

Automotive products 2007 63.89 53.80 0.40 0.33 0.57 3.98 0.10 0.00 0.30 0.01 0.09 0.00 0.47 8.67 2008 50.27 47.62 0.31 0.26 0.44 4.44 0.08 0.00 0.20 0.01 0.14 0.01 0.31 8.70

Other transport equipment 2007 9.69 11.72 0.30 0.73 2.53 1.75 0.10 0.03 0.41 0.01 0.24 0.01 0.73 1.69 2008 8.40 11.74 0.35 0.13 2.79 2.23 0.14 0.03 0.23 0.01 0.27 0.05 0.92 1.66

Other machinery 2007 23.90 33.90 1.03 0.32 3.57 9.97 0.56 0.01 0.46 0.30 0.64 0.13 2.44 9.59 2008 24.62 35.25 1.22 0.33 3.83 11.51 0.79 0.02 0.54 0.17 0.89 0.13 2.85 10.46

Power generating machinery 2007 3.88 4.00 0.16 0.05 1.28 1.92 0.03 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.13 0.04 0.34 0.49 2008 4.28 4.22 0.20 0.05 1.55 2.61 0.03 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.22 0.04 0.42 0.61

Non-electrical machinery 2007 14.70 20.28 0.71 0.17 1.74 6.51 0.50 0.01 0.35 0.28 0.42 0.04 1.54 5.28 2008 15.18 21.66 0.82 0.19 1.73 7.04 0.72 0.01 0.40 0.13 0.56 0.05 1.87 5.54

Electrical machinery 2007 5.32 9.61 0.16 0.10 0.54 1.54 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.02 0.09 0.05 0.56 3.82 2008 5.16 9.37 0.20 0.09 0.55 1.86 0.04 0.01 0.06 0.04 0.10 0.05 0.56 4.31

Textiles 2007 2.03 2.47 0.06 0.05 0.10 0.49 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.10 1.36 2008 1.73 2.33 0.04 0.03 0.08 0.50 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.11 1.40

Clothing 2007 1.39 0.75 0.01 0.19 0.13 0.58 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.02 0.04 5.98 2008 1.07 0.82 0.01 0.20 0.12 0.56 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.04 6.56

Other manufactures 2007 16.68 19.83 0.27 0.22 1.80 4.33 0.13 0.02 0.12 0.05 0.15 0.12 1.02 12.70 2008 15.88 20.54 0.30 0.19 1.65 4.58 0.14 0.02 0.13 0.04 0.21 0.14 1.04 13.93

Personal and household goods 2007 5.42 3.17 0.03 0.11 0.12 0.90 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.05 4.23 2008 4.68 3.06 0.03 0.07 0.09 0.93 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.05 4.63

Scientific and controlling 2007 2.69 5.44 0.12 0.05 0.74 1.36 0.05 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.09 0.03 0.56 1.04 instruments 2008 3.00 5.52 0.15 0.05 0.77 1.51 0.05 0.01 0.08 0.00 0.12 0.04 0.64 1.17 Miscellaneous manufactures 2007 8.57 11.21 0.13 0.07 0.94 2.07 0.07 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.41 7.43

2008 8.19 11.96 0.12 0.06 0.79 2.14 0.08 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.06 0.09 0.36 8.13 Total merchandise a 2007 336.58 225.61 6.18 12.82 38.16 53.91 1.44 1.89 3.14 8.45 3.13 4.25 31.59 73.41

2008 359.40 234.20 8.10 12.90 40.13 60.24 1.99 3.51 4.01 12.56 4.41 5.94 37.65 78.88

AsiaEurope CIS Africa Middle EastNorth AmericaSouth & Central

America

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Canada

211

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A18 (continued)

(Billion dollars)

exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp

Agricultural products 2007 27.67 15.98 3.70 3.22 2.80 1.00 4.13 0.08 1.29 1.12 0.90 0.08 48.73 27.39 2008 28.70 18.11 3.74 3.46 3.32 1.04 5.01 0.09 1.56 0.91 0.93 0.11 54.14 30.25

Food 2007 17.84 13.31 2.24 2.94 1.06 0.74 2.80 0.06 1.20 1.11 0.35 0.04 31.92 23.30 2008 20.73 15.53 2.49 3.19 1.54 0.78 3.70 0.06 1.46 0.89 0.42 0.04 39.36 26.16

Fish 2007 2.27 0.70 0.53 0.04 0.22 0.31 0.28 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.01 3.65 1.90 2008 2.30 0.72 0.45 0.04 0.24 0.29 0.28 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.01 3.67 1.92

Other food products 2007 15.56 12.61 1.71 2.89 0.84 0.43 2.52 0.04 1.20 1.10 0.32 0.03 28.26 21.40 2008 18.43 14.81 2.04 3.15 1.30 0.50 3.43 0.04 1.46 0.88 0.38 0.03 35.69 24.24

Raw materials 2007 9.84 2.68 1.46 0.29 1.75 0.26 1.33 0.03 0.09 0.02 0.54 0.05 16.81 4.09 2008 7.97 2.58 1.24 0.27 1.78 0.26 1.31 0.03 0.10 0.02 0.51 0.07 14.77 4.09

Fuels and mining products 2007 103.38 17.50 7.08 7.44 2.56 0.53 2.97 0.18 0.20 0.76 1.14 0.08 123.74 47.80 2008 136.46 24.00 8.20 8.64 2.93 0.81 4.14 0.10 0.41 1.01 1.86 0.22 161.27 63.46

Ores and other minerals 2007 3.00 3.78 3.58 0.33 1.28 0.06 1.06 0.01 0.06 0.02 0.37 0.00 13.39 6.70 2008 4.28 4.51 3.45 0.30 1.89 0.06 1.01 0.01 0.12 0.02 0.45 0.00 15.34 7.10

Fuels 2007 83.93 10.04 0.98 6.70 0.17 0.06 0.93 0.15 0.03 0.71 0.53 0.03 87.49 35.36 2008 116.92 15.87 3.16 7.90 0.24 0.28 2.20 0.05 0.16 0.94 1.21 0.17 125.86 50.56

Non-ferrous metals 2007 16.45 3.69 2.52 0.41 1.11 0.41 0.98 0.02 0.11 0.02 0.24 0.05 22.85 5.74 2008 15.25 3.62 1.60 0.44 0.79 0.47 0.93 0.04 0.13 0.05 0.19 0.04 20.06 5.80

Manufactures 2007 182.93 166.33 17.80 34.49 3.48 34.24 1.42 14.17 3.05 14.00 0.74 4.81 224.50 293.94 2008 169.83 164.80 16.83 37.34 3.59 38.25 1.22 14.20 3.49 14.36 0.81 5.31 214.30 300.81

Iron and steel 2007 6.20 6.43 0.25 1.35 0.04 0.95 0.01 0.42 0.25 0.12 0.01 0.30 7.11 10.54 2008 7.92 7.60 0.39 1.47 0.05 1.14 0.02 0.44 0.38 0.16 0.02 0.28 9.33 12.52

Chemicals 2007 25.13 23.89 4.49 9.16 1.78 0.79 0.27 0.42 0.36 0.29 0.22 0.17 34.70 39.00 2008 27.88 24.87 2.89 9.28 1.94 1.11 0.34 0.38 0.42 0.31 0.21 0.19 37.92 41.02

Pharmaceuticals 2007 4.80 3.43 0.63 5.42 0.01 0.10 0.04 0.13 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.00 6.18 10.29 2008 4.57 3.13 0.85 5.88 0.02 0.16 0.05 0.06 0.01 0.07 0.02 0.00 6.18 10.74

Other chemicals 2007 20.33 20.46 3.87 3.73 1.78 0.68 0.22 0.28 0.34 0.25 0.17 0.17 28.52 28.71 2008 23.31 21.74 2.04 3.40 1.92 0.95 0.29 0.32 0.41 0.24 0.19 0.18 31.74 30.27

Other semi-manufactures 2007 25.58 16.79 2.94 2.92 0.10 3.32 0.14 0.67 0.25 0.45 0.07 0.31 30.97 26.81 2008 23.91 17.40 3.61 2.89 0.10 3.81 0.12 0.81 0.25 0.46 0.05 0.33 30.53 28.18

Machinery and transport equipment 2007 106.17 98.45 8.34 16.36 1.32 14.72 0.77 11.70 1.97 11.06 0.30 3.75 127.65 168.28 2008 91.70 93.47 8.23 18.79 1.22 16.24 0.55 11.61 2.20 11.47 0.41 4.23 113.90 167.08

Office and telecom equipment 2007 10.20 7.56 2.12 1.11 0.27 9.27 0.32 1.76 0.46 3.91 0.13 1.31 15.19 31.33 2008 9.96 7.30 1.72 1.22 0.22 10.17 0.21 1.75 0.67 4.23 0.11 1.64 14.31 32.33

EDP and office equipment 2007 2.97 3.66 0.69 0.50 0.07 5.00 0.07 0.87 0.03 0.77 0.03 0.15 4.31 13.20 2008 2.78 3.47 0.63 0.52 0.09 5.28 0.07 0.81 0.03 0.87 0.03 0.15 4.11 13.00

Telecommunications equipment 2007 5.77 2.65 1.20 0.44 0.14 4.08 0.17 0.72 0.23 3.12 0.08 0.57 8.58 14.22 2008 5.29 2.67 0.81 0.50 0.09 4.72 0.08 0.76 0.19 3.34 0.05 0.66 7.28 15.24

Integrated circuits 2007 1.46 1.25 0.23 0.17 0.06 0.20 0.08 0.17 0.19 0.03 0.03 0.60 2.31 3.90 2008 1.88 1.17 0.28 0.20 0.04 0.17 0.06 0.18 0.45 0.02 0.03 0.84 2.92 4.08

Transport equipment 2007 72.41 60.06 2.94 5.68 0.39 1.16 0.22 6.95 1.17 4.47 0.03 1.60 79.85 82.73 2008 57.64 53.96 2.98 6.59 0.25 1.24 0.15 6.78 1.02 4.54 0.07 1.70 64.84 76.89

Automotive products 2007 63.04 49.49 0.54 3.96 0.30 0.78 0.04 6.05 0.85 3.96 0.01 1.55 65.83 66.78 2008 49.43 43.20 0.42 4.42 0.16 0.82 0.03 5.93 0.83 4.09 0.01 1.61 51.74 61.04

Other transport equipment 2007 9.37 10.57 2.40 1.72 0.09 0.37 0.18 0.90 0.32 0.51 0.01 0.05 14.02 15.95 2008 8.20 10.77 2.57 2.17 0.09 0.42 0.12 0.85 0.20 0.45 0.06 0.09 13.10 15.85

Other machinery 2007 23.55 30.83 3.27 9.57 0.66 4.29 0.23 2.99 0.34 2.68 0.15 0.84 32.61 54.22 2008 24.10 32.21 3.53 10.98 0.76 4.83 0.20 3.08 0.51 2.70 0.23 0.89 34.74 57.86

Power generating machinery 2007 3.85 3.66 1.19 1.89 0.09 0.22 0.03 0.14 0.03 0.23 0.01 0.03 5.88 6.50 2008 4.26 3.92 1.42 2.56 0.10 0.26 0.04 0.18 0.03 0.22 0.02 0.03 6.78 7.52

Non-electrical machinery 2007 14.46 19.45 1.59 6.24 0.43 1.74 0.14 2.20 0.23 0.64 0.08 0.58 19.96 32.58 2008 14.78 20.76 1.59 6.72 0.52 1.94 0.11 2.15 0.39 0.71 0.17 0.60 21.29 34.60

Electrical machinery 2007 5.24 7.72 0.49 1.44 0.14 2.33 0.06 0.64 0.08 1.81 0.06 0.23 6.76 15.14 2008 5.07 7.53 0.52 1.71 0.14 2.63 0.05 0.75 0.09 1.77 0.05 0.26 6.68 15.74

Textiles 2007 2.01 2.31 0.09 0.42 0.03 0.75 0.00 0.04 0.02 0.14 0.02 0.08 2.32 4.43 2008 1.71 2.19 0.08 0.43 0.03 0.80 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.11 0.03 0.08 1.99 4.32

Clothing 2007 1.38 0.46 0.12 0.44 0.00 4.07 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.29 0.00 0.05 1.59 7.61 2008 1.07 0.52 0.11 0.43 0.00 4.44 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.29 0.00 0.05 1.27 8.25

Other manufactures 2007 16.47 18.00 1.57 3.85 0.20 9.65 0.21 0.93 0.19 1.65 0.10 0.16 20.17 37.27 2008 15.63 18.75 1.52 4.06 0.24 10.71 0.18 0.92 0.23 1.55 0.10 0.15 19.35 39.44

Personal and household goods 2007 5.34 2.52 0.11 0.87 0.01 3.51 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.64 0.00 0.02 5.65 8.46 2008 4.60 2.50 0.08 0.89 0.01 3.83 0.01 0.04 0.07 0.55 0.00 0.02 4.90 8.73

Scientific and controlling 2007 2.64 4.88 0.68 1.26 0.13 0.40 0.08 0.33 0.05 0.51 0.06 0.03 4.31 7.93 instruments 2008 2.92 4.94 0.70 1.39 0.18 0.50 0.08 0.31 0.08 0.51 0.07 0.03 4.81 8.30 Miscellaneous manufactures 2007 8.49 10.60 0.79 1.72 0.06 5.73 0.11 0.57 0.07 0.50 0.04 0.10 10.20 20.88

2008 8.11 11.32 0.74 1.78 0.05 6.38 0.08 0.56 0.07 0.49 0.03 0.10 9.64 22.41 Total merchandise a 2007 331.87 206.09 32.50 46.10 8.87 35.80 8.60 14.45 4.63 16.05 2.81 5.01 420.23 380.35

2008 353.79 213.85 34.30 50.93 9.88 40.15 10.47 14.40 5.52 16.85 3.62 5.65 455.71 408.23

EU (27) China Japan Mexico

Note: Imports are valued f.o.b. For sources and methods, see the Metadata

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Canada

a Includes unspecified products.b Includes unspecified destinations and origins.

United StatesKorea, Rep. of World b

212

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A19

(Billion dollars)

exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp

Agricultural products 2007 33.32 39.43 9.73 19.76 15.94 21.63 1.82 0.71 5.50 1.76 3.98 0.40 42.89 25.88 2008 39.62 41.09 13.38 20.73 17.50 21.32 2.49 0.61 6.20 2.16 5.38 0.36 55.41 29.66

Food 2007 27.62 29.17 7.90 16.29 10.52 19.26 1.73 0.63 5.17 1.38 3.60 0.32 30.72 20.62 2008 33.44 32.60 11.45 17.31 12.39 19.20 2.33 0.50 5.77 1.71 4.96 0.30 42.26 23.56

Fish 2007 0.97 2.74 0.09 2.93 1.13 0.62 0.12 0.43 0.02 0.13 0.01 0.03 1.95 7.46 2008 0.98 2.79 0.09 2.84 1.17 0.57 0.10 0.31 0.02 0.12 0.03 0.02 1.88 8.16

Other food products 2007 26.65 26.43 7.82 13.37 9.39 18.64 1.61 0.19 5.14 1.26 3.59 0.29 28.77 13.16 2008 32.45 29.81 11.35 14.47 11.21 18.64 2.23 0.19 5.74 1.59 4.94 0.28 40.38 15.40

Raw materials 2007 5.70 10.26 1.82 3.47 5.42 2.37 0.09 0.09 0.33 0.38 0.38 0.08 12.17 5.26 2008 6.18 8.49 1.93 3.41 5.11 2.11 0.16 0.10 0.44 0.45 0.42 0.06 13.15 6.10 Fuels and mining products 2007 29.53 137.81 12.31 76.36 17.72 38.85 0.19 19.11 1.51 85.07 1.12 54.47 21.81 17.48

2008 41.74 179.06 20.26 97.74 32.85 44.41 0.34 27.92 2.83 104.33 1.73 88.13 26.20 16.71 Ores and other minerals 2007 4.72 3.86 0.37 2.52 6.91 1.09 0.03 0.02 0.22 0.94 0.10 0.12 13.04 1.77

2008 6.27 5.35 0.49 2.56 9.94 1.41 0.09 0.29 0.52 1.48 0.10 0.07 14.81 2.25 Fuels 2007 17.18 114.56 11.50 67.50 7.10 30.41 0.12 15.04 1.20 79.78 0.64 53.76 4.21 11.20

2008 27.58 155.53 19.27 88.69 19.00 36.29 0.19 24.19 2.26 99.49 1.11 87.58 7.13 10.10 Non-ferrous metals 2007 7.62 19.40 0.44 6.34 3.70 7.35 0.04 4.05 0.09 4.34 0.38 0.59 4.56 4.51

2008 7.89 18.18 0.51 6.49 3.92 6.71 0.06 3.44 0.05 3.35 0.52 0.49 4.26 4.36 Manufactures 2007 307.30 327.00 78.39 41.15 222.28 312.45 8.38 6.49 15.44 8.05 38.71 23.16 238.74 691.14 2008 316.44 309.47 96.33 43.25 239.86 320.81 10.73 9.51 18.34 10.18 47.01 24.69 244.65 698.81

Iron and steel 2007 9.71 8.47 0.97 4.63 1.91 8.84 0.04 2.32 0.36 0.85 0.40 0.05 1.75 13.09 2008 12.18 11.07 2.14 5.74 2.20 9.78 0.08 3.89 0.40 1.36 0.52 0.12 2.64 17.75

Chemicals 2007 41.71 28.53 15.92 7.13 52.56 84.74 0.75 2.78 1.87 1.24 2.53 4.49 38.92 30.26 2008 46.13 31.52 20.98 9.43 59.06 92.39 1.01 4.16 2.10 1.63 3.00 6.34 46.60 35.44

Pharmaceuticals 2007 4.05 4.99 1.55 0.13 23.09 38.84 0.13 0.00 0.19 0.01 0.39 2.66 3.98 7.32 2008 4.14 4.93 1.72 0.16 27.04 43.32 0.14 0.00 0.22 0.01 0.47 3.81 4.36 7.63

Other chemicals 2007 37.66 23.54 14.37 6.99 29.47 45.90 0.62 2.78 1.68 1.23 2.14 1.83 34.95 22.93 2008 41.99 26.59 19.26 9.26 32.02 49.07 0.87 4.16 1.89 1.62 2.53 2.54 42.24 27.81

Other semi-manufactures 2007 30.53 33.58 4.81 4.94 12.91 24.43 0.24 0.62 0.78 1.77 6.26 10.19 12.65 53.85 2008 31.56 31.40 5.63 4.18 14.31 23.63 0.41 0.64 0.99 1.78 7.37 10.18 14.89 54.60

Machinery and transport equipment 2007 181.03 215.04 44.38 9.40 115.83 142.00 6.43 0.37 11.15 1.30 26.28 4.46 151.70 381.40 2008 180.07 197.32 54.04 9.71 121.97 143.22 8.24 0.32 13.45 2.67 32.31 4.52 146.80 378.88

Office and telecom equipment 2007 35.62 45.68 14.03 1.20 25.62 12.60 0.51 0.02 1.08 0.13 2.12 1.53 56.38 201.43 2008 37.11 45.23 16.20 1.08 25.00 13.49 0.44 0.02 1.14 0.14 2.56 1.32 55.66 198.66

EDP and office equipment 2007 15.27 9.08 7.36 0.54 10.85 4.81 0.32 0.00 0.34 0.01 0.85 0.56 12.23 95.62 2008 16.07 8.43 7.87 0.51 10.15 4.76 0.21 0.00 0.42 0.02 0.93 0.37 11.38 90.63

Telecommunications equipment 2007 13.13 34.76 4.62 0.43 8.80 4.51 0.15 0.01 0.67 0.03 0.96 0.82 9.23 84.18 2008 13.70 35.08 5.72 0.33 9.06 5.41 0.18 0.01 0.67 0.03 1.25 0.87 9.65 87.19

Integrated circuits 2007 7.23 1.84 2.05 0.22 5.97 3.28 0.04 0.01 0.07 0.10 0.31 0.14 34.92 21.62 2008 7.33 1.72 2.61 0.24 5.79 3.32 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.09 0.38 0.08 34.62 20.85

Transport equipment 2007 82.91 112.49 11.19 3.90 44.56 58.38 2.73 0.21 4.60 0.64 13.63 0.98 44.08 89.91 2008 77.70 95.92 13.16 4.18 47.16 54.51 3.60 0.18 5.65 2.07 17.91 1.08 38.19 86.50

Automotive products 2007 68.59 99.82 4.88 1.33 17.24 43.75 1.56 0.01 2.28 0.56 6.18 0.06 8.08 75.23 2008 63.17 84.19 5.34 1.08 18.86 39.95 2.38 0.01 3.27 1.97 9.55 0.08 8.63 71.96

Other transport equipment 2007 14.32 12.67 6.31 2.56 27.32 14.63 1.18 0.21 2.31 0.08 7.46 0.92 36.01 14.68 2008 14.52 11.73 7.81 3.10 28.30 14.56 1.22 0.17 2.38 0.11 8.35 1.00 29.56 14.54

Other machinery 2007 62.50 56.87 19.15 4.30 45.65 71.03 3.19 0.13 5.47 0.52 10.52 1.94 51.25 90.06 2008 65.26 56.17 24.68 4.45 49.81 75.23 4.20 0.13 6.66 0.46 11.85 2.13 52.95 93.72

Power generating machinery 2007 5.98 6.91 3.29 0.65 14.57 15.15 0.32 0.04 0.61 0.02 3.00 0.47 8.53 6.79 2008 6.68 7.35 4.79 0.87 16.95 17.19 0.37 0.02 0.74 0.02 2.65 0.44 9.47 7.95

Non-electrical machinery 2007 33.74 23.51 11.67 1.93 20.44 41.18 2.65 0.06 4.40 0.43 5.91 0.59 30.45 43.24 2008 36.82 24.57 15.06 1.84 21.89 42.94 3.53 0.05 5.35 0.37 7.41 0.75 31.04 43.89

Electrical machinery 2007 22.78 26.46 4.19 1.72 10.64 14.69 0.22 0.03 0.46 0.07 1.61 0.89 12.26 40.03 2008 21.76 24.25 4.83 1.73 10.97 15.09 0.30 0.05 0.57 0.07 1.79 0.94 12.45 41.88

Textiles 2007 5.96 3.60 3.17 0.67 1.33 4.01 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.23 0.14 0.58 1.68 14.95 2008 5.72 3.02 3.28 0.62 1.37 3.61 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.22 0.16 0.59 1.79 15.02

Clothing 2007 1.98 5.86 0.97 10.12 0.62 3.70 0.01 0.08 0.03 2.26 0.13 1.62 0.57 61.22 2008 2.20 5.08 0.70 9.63 0.69 3.30 0.02 0.05 0.03 2.17 0.19 1.35 0.64 60.89

Other manufactures 2007 36.37 31.92 8.19 4.26 37.12 44.74 0.85 0.27 1.19 0.41 2.99 1.79 31.46 136.38 2008 38.59 30.06 9.56 3.94 40.27 44.88 0.93 0.40 1.26 0.34 3.46 1.58 31.30 136.23

Personal and household goods 2007 4.90 9.80 0.50 1.61 0.83 6.28 0.03 0.02 0.08 0.08 0.23 0.11 1.17 47.97 2008 5.11 8.45 0.60 1.18 0.91 5.93 0.04 0.03 0.10 0.06 0.31 0.08 1.12 47.82

Scientific and controlling 2007 9.41 8.75 3.02 1.14 16.40 13.43 0.34 0.05 0.64 0.04 1.48 0.76 16.32 12.09 instruments 2008 10.25 8.94 3.60 1.20 17.82 14.16 0.45 0.05 0.63 0.03 1.66 0.70 15.94 12.87 Miscellaneous manufactures 2007 22.06 13.38 4.66 1.51 19.89 25.02 0.48 0.20 0.47 0.29 1.28 0.92 13.97 76.33

2008 23.23 12.68 5.36 1.56 21.53 24.79 0.43 0.32 0.53 0.25 1.49 0.80 14.25 75.54 Total merchandise a 2007 385.59 530.39 106.45 141.60 276.11 392.52 10.64 26.53 23.66 95.22 46.33 80.21 313.26 750.64

2008 413.24 557.28 136.29 167.03 315.05 408.22 13.82 38.43 28.63 117.22 56.77 115.21 335.88 761.42

North AmericaSouth & Central

America

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - United States

AsiaEurope CIS Africa Middle East

213

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A19 (continued)

(Billion dollars)

exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp

Agricultural products 2007 13.78 20.01 18.96 27.32 12.09 5.91 14.25 12.10 12.92 0.94 4.47 0.67 113.6 109.6 2008 14.91 19.53 21.52 28.25 16.22 6.53 17.98 12.83 15.99 1.05 6.51 0.79 140.2 115.9

Food 2007 9.41 17.78 15.90 17.58 6.34 4.71 11.61 11.59 11.42 0.61 3.36 0.35 87.7 87.7 2008 10.63 17.56 18.49 20.31 9.94 5.38 14.83 12.29 14.40 0.71 5.35 0.38 112.8 95.2

Fish 2007 1.08 0.30 0.89 2.22 0.54 2.13 0.07 0.52 0.79 0.23 0.35 0.08 4.3 14.32008 1.12 0.30 0.90 2.27 0.56 2.28 0.08 0.52 0.78 0.27 0.27 0.09 4.3 14.8

Other food products 2007 8.33 17.48 15.02 15.36 5.79 2.59 11.54 11.07 10.63 0.38 3.00 0.27 83.4 73.32008 9.51 17.25 17.58 18.04 9.39 3.10 14.76 11.78 13.62 0.44 5.08 0.29 108.5 80.4

Raw materials 2007 4.37 2.23 3.06 9.75 5.75 1.19 2.64 0.51 1.50 0.33 1.11 0.31 25.9 21.92008 4.28 1.97 3.03 7.95 6.28 1.15 3.15 0.54 1.58 0.35 1.16 0.41 27.4 20.7

Fuels and mining products 2007 15.03 33.61 18.39 99.39 8.02 3.14 11.11 38.42 3.83 2.40 3.03 4.38 84.2 429.22008 24.58 39.55 25.31 132.66 8.08 4.99 16.37 46.39 4.46 1.69 3.85 2.51 126.0 558.3

Ores and other minerals 2007 5.32 1.02 3.90 3.03 6.68 0.56 0.82 0.83 1.62 0.29 1.72 0.02 25.4 10.32008 6.06 1.34 4.70 4.29 6.52 0.74 1.57 1.06 1.79 0.30 2.16 0.07 32.2 13.4

Fuels 2007 6.16 26.15 10.37 80.04 0.30 0.72 6.77 34.52 0.53 1.42 0.78 4.11 42.0 372.32008 14.80 32.18 16.43 113.02 0.44 2.19 11.09 42.51 1.32 0.78 1.10 2.23 76.5 501.9

Non-ferrous metals 2007 3.55 6.43 4.11 16.32 1.05 1.85 3.51 3.07 1.68 0.69 0.54 0.24 16.8 46.62008 3.72 6.04 4.18 15.35 1.11 2.06 3.70 2.82 1.35 0.61 0.59 0.21 17.2 43.0

Manufactures 2007 205.81 292.46 200.99 173.12 44.47 326.97 105.86 153.88 43.95 141.74 26.19 43.31 909.3 1409.52008 220.83 297.61 203.96 159.65 46.48 340.48 111.93 149.82 44.21 136.85 23.53 45.41 973.4 1416.7

Iron and steel 2007 1.77 8.27 7.24 5.84 0.63 5.27 2.46 2.63 0.13 1.98 0.16 1.80 15.1 38.22008 2.00 8.62 8.78 7.58 1.13 7.71 3.39 3.49 0.12 2.47 0.28 2.70 20.1 49.7

Chemicals 2007 48.23 79.82 25.01 24.75 8.31 7.85 16.67 3.78 9.16 8.90 5.25 2.08 154.3 159.22008 54.55 86.00 27.07 27.48 9.30 11.46 19.02 4.04 10.62 9.04 5.05 2.38 178.9 180.9

Pharmaceuticals 2007 20.73 35.97 3.36 4.78 0.38 0.95 0.69 0.20 1.58 1.64 0.33 0.09 33.4 54.02008 24.43 39.41 3.20 4.66 0.46 1.60 0.93 0.26 1.76 1.59 0.37 0.12 38.1 59.9

Other chemicals 2007 27.50 43.84 21.65 19.97 7.93 6.90 15.98 3.57 7.57 7.26 4.92 1.98 120.9 105.22008 30.11 46.59 23.88 22.82 8.83 9.87 18.09 3.78 8.86 7.45 4.68 2.26 140.8 121.0

Other semi-manufactures 2007 11.59 22.44 19.77 24.77 2.00 29.42 10.71 8.81 2.40 5.80 0.88 3.04 68.2 129.42008 12.74 21.53 20.75 23.05 2.24 29.95 10.76 8.35 2.39 5.65 0.98 3.07 75.2 126.4

Machinery and transport equipment 2007 109.85 136.88 120.54 100.35 29.00 151.07 60.21 114.69 23.18 112.81 15.83 32.89 536.8 754.02008 113.69 137.31 117.09 85.73 28.60 156.47 62.62 111.59 22.13 107.87 13.63 33.65 556.9 736.7

Office and telecom equipment 2007 24.70 12.04 18.30 7.01 10.21 103.76 17.26 38.66 5.91 20.05 5.45 14.29 135.4 262.62008 23.97 12.64 18.38 6.70 10.32 105.36 18.67 38.53 5.32 19.23 4.60 15.75 138.1 259.9

EDP and office equipment 2007 10.51 4.66 8.74 2.13 2.19 54.60 6.50 6.95 2.15 8.55 0.74 3.34 47.2 110.62008 9.82 4.57 8.66 1.95 2.12 53.99 7.38 6.47 1.73 8.38 0.68 2.69 47.0 104.7

Telecommunications equipment 2007 8.40 4.21 7.09 3.95 1.51 46.77 6.00 30.81 1.98 7.82 0.95 8.43 37.5 124.72008 8.62 4.95 7.13 3.90 1.69 49.17 6.54 31.19 1.92 7.21 0.82 10.41 40.2 128.9

Integrated circuits 2007 5.79 3.17 2.47 0.93 6.51 2.39 4.76 0.91 1.79 3.68 3.77 2.53 50.6 27.22008 5.52 3.13 2.59 0.85 6.51 2.20 4.75 0.87 1.67 3.63 3.10 2.65 50.8 26.3

Transport equipment 2007 42.19 57.60 63.99 71.97 9.76 8.02 18.74 40.52 9.02 65.12 4.37 11.54 203.7 266.52008 42.92 53.77 58.37 57.30 7.96 8.65 19.10 38.62 8.65 60.78 3.21 10.75 203.4 244.4

Automotive products 2007 16.80 43.49 52.60 62.81 2.11 4.64 15.98 37.02 1.68 56.54 0.92 11.01 108.8 220.82008 18.31 39.71 46.94 49.05 2.01 4.75 16.23 35.13 1.71 53.16 0.75 10.16 111.2 199.2

Other transport equipment 2007 25.39 14.11 11.39 9.17 7.65 3.38 2.76 3.50 7.34 8.58 3.45 0.53 94.9 45.72008 24.61 14.05 11.43 8.25 5.95 3.90 2.87 3.48 6.94 7.62 2.46 0.59 92.2 45.2

Other machinery 2007 42.96 67.24 38.25 21.36 9.03 39.29 24.21 35.51 8.25 27.65 6.00 7.05 197.7 224.92008 46.80 70.90 40.35 21.73 10.31 42.47 24.86 34.44 8.16 27.86 5.83 7.15 215.4 232.3

Power generating machinery 2007 13.84 14.68 3.94 3.53 0.85 2.13 2.04 3.38 1.89 2.76 0.81 0.64 36.3 30.02008 16.10 16.63 4.25 3.96 1.23 2.61 2.42 3.40 2.19 3.34 0.90 0.59 41.6 33.9

Non-electrical machinery 2007 19.11 38.84 23.53 13.06 6.00 14.79 10.18 10.45 4.24 18.03 4.02 3.80 109.3 110.92008 20.38 40.32 25.40 13.28 6.65 15.63 11.39 11.29 3.85 17.57 3.72 3.89 121.1 114.4

Electrical machinery 2007 10.01 13.72 10.78 4.78 2.19 22.38 11.99 21.68 2.12 6.86 1.16 2.61 52.2 83.92008 10.32 13.95 10.70 4.49 2.43 24.23 11.04 19.76 2.12 6.95 1.21 2.67 52.7 84.0

Textiles 2007 1.27 3.26 2.70 1.84 0.50 7.66 3.25 1.75 0.25 0.59 0.15 0.90 12.4 24.12008 1.30 2.92 2.63 1.52 0.55 7.88 3.08 1.50 0.25 0.58 0.14 0.80 12.5 23.1

Clothing 2007 0.58 2.93 1.26 1.12 0.03 28.53 0.71 4.74 0.26 0.11 0.08 0.73 4.3 84.92008 0.65 2.72 1.49 0.83 0.04 28.58 0.70 4.25 0.27 0.09 0.09 0.60 4.5 82.5

Other manufactures 2007 32.51 38.86 24.46 14.45 4.00 97.16 11.83 17.47 8.58 11.54 3.83 1.88 118.2 219.82008 35.90 38.51 26.13 13.46 4.63 98.42 12.36 16.60 8.43 11.15 3.36 2.22 125.4 217.4

Personal and household goods 2007 0.78 6.07 4.01 4.85 0.18 39.50 0.87 4.95 0.40 0.28 0.12 0.20 7.7 65.92008 0.84 5.70 4.09 4.11 0.19 39.15 1.00 4.34 0.31 0.33 0.13 0.18 8.2 63.5

Scientific and controlling 2007 15.32 12.23 6.15 2.28 2.42 3.73 3.25 6.46 4.26 3.95 2.32 0.51 47.6 36.3instruments 2008 16.77 12.85 6.41 2.48 2.82 4.11 3.83 6.46 4.15 3.90 1.99 0.85 50.4 37.9Miscellaneous manufactures 2007 16.41 20.56 14.30 7.32 1.40 53.93 7.71 6.06 3.91 7.30 1.39 1.17 62.8 117.7

2008 18.30 19.96 15.64 6.87 1.63 55.16 7.53 5.81 3.97 6.92 1.24 1.19 66.8 116.0Total merchandise a 2007 247.70 364.02 248.41 317.48 65.24 340.11 136.52 212.88 62.66 149.42 34.70 49.32 1162.5 2017.1

2008 275.19 376.66 260.89 339.07 71.46 356.30 151.52 218.07 66.57 143.35 34.81 49.82 1299.90 2164.83

Note: For sources and methods, see the Metadata.

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - United States

a Includes unspecified products.b Includes unspecified destinations and origins.

EU (27) Rep. of Korea World bCanada China Mexico Japan

214

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A20

(Billion dollars)

exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp

Agricultural products 2007 4.44 0.90 3.00 3.85 18.86 1.28 3.78 0.05 3.48 0.14 4.56 0.02 10.18 1.04 2008 4.55 1.29 4.81 4.92 21.87 1.65 4.83 0.07 4.46 0.15 4.96 0.02 15.91 1.59

Food 2007 3.08 0.40 2.60 3.59 16.31 1.05 3.73 0.01 3.42 0.09 4.53 0.01 8.46 0.40 2008 3.11 0.75 4.40 4.62 18.99 1.34 4.76 0.00 4.40 0.14 4.91 0.01 13.72 0.70

Fish 2007 0.12 0.01 0.02 0.28 0.14 0.24 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 2008 0.10 0.01 0.03 0.35 0.11 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.04

Other food products 2007 2.96 0.39 2.58 3.31 16.17 0.82 3.73 0.00 3.42 0.08 4.52 0.01 8.43 0.39 2008 3.02 0.75 4.38 4.28 18.89 1.07 4.76 0.00 4.40 0.11 4.91 0.01 13.69 0.66

Raw materials 2007 1.36 0.50 0.39 0.26 2.55 0.23 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.01 1.72 0.64 2008 1.43 0.54 0.41 0.30 2.88 0.31 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.01 2.20 0.89 Fuels and mining products 2007 5.37 2.36 6.59 8.06 9.01 2.01 0.02 0.62 1.52 10.29 0.50 2.40 9.18 2.42

2008 6.83 3.95 9.69 10.23 11.44 2.26 0.05 1.24 1.64 13.83 1.31 4.77 13.05 5.47 Ores and other minerals 2007 1.05 0.18 0.87 1.68 4.77 0.13 0.01 0.04 0.46 0.14 0.38 0.08 6.72 0.03

2008 1.33 0.70 1.31 1.60 6.82 0.18 0.04 0.20 0.69 0.36 1.15 0.27 9.89 0.07 Fuels 2007 3.68 1.96 5.04 3.99 2.16 1.26 0.00 0.53 0.98 10.04 0.04 2.31 1.38 2.24

2008 4.98 3.02 7.71 5.88 2.66 1.42 0.00 0.98 0.91 13.34 0.04 4.50 2.40 5.16 Non-ferrous metals 2007 0.64 0.22 0.68 2.39 2.07 0.63 0.00 0.05 0.08 0.11 0.07 0.00 1.08 0.15

2008 0.52 0.24 0.68 2.74 1.97 0.66 0.00 0.06 0.05 0.13 0.12 0.00 0.76 0.25 Manufactures 2007 20.85 18.29 27.41 7.36 15.03 25.61 0.47 2.10 3.51 0.89 1.33 0.76 6.31 22.11 2008 21.80 27.04 32.28 10.52 16.11 35.55 0.65 4.03 4.02 1.77 1.78 1.45 9.78 41.37

Iron and steel 2007 3.20 0.30 2.21 0.22 2.22 0.89 0.03 0.12 0.35 0.11 0.14 0.00 1.99 0.77 2008 3.73 0.73 2.85 0.40 2.19 1.32 0.03 0.20 0.24 0.19 0.50 0.00 4.12 1.51

Chemicals 2007 2.05 6.79 4.61 2.19 2.47 7.64 0.03 1.93 0.46 0.63 0.13 0.59 0.93 3.15 2008 2.69 9.30 5.33 3.00 3.03 10.53 0.03 3.75 0.46 1.35 0.09 1.20 1.00 4.84

Pharmaceuticals 2007 0.22 0.99 0.45 0.17 0.12 2.40 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.43 2008 0.25 1.08 0.56 0.18 0.17 3.08 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.60

Other chemicals 2007 1.84 5.80 4.16 2.02 2.36 5.25 0.03 1.92 0.44 0.62 0.13 0.57 0.91 2.72 2008 2.43 8.22 4.76 2.82 2.86 7.45 0.03 3.74 0.44 1.35 0.08 1.18 0.97 4.24

Other semi-manufactures 2007 3.29 1.30 3.15 0.67 2.65 2.26 0.06 0.04 0.44 0.03 0.18 0.03 1.41 1.52 2008 3.04 1.67 3.69 0.93 2.69 2.97 0.07 0.06 0.56 0.04 0.21 0.04 1.35 2.32

Machinery and transport equipment 2007 10.12 8.15 15.16 3.71 6.12 12.54 0.32 0.01 2.00 0.09 0.80 0.09 1.76 12.00 2008 10.66 13.12 17.86 5.49 6.47 17.88 0.47 0.02 2.44 0.15 0.89 0.15 3.04 25.42

Office and telecom equipment 2007 0.42 0.88 2.11 0.03 0.09 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.04 4.30 2008 0.44 2.09 2.42 0.22 0.17 1.37 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.07 0.11 12.53

EDP and office equipment 2007 0.11 0.52 0.16 0.01 0.03 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 1.83 2008 0.10 0.69 0.26 0.01 0.03 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 3.32

Telecommunications equipment 2007 0.31 0.28 1.93 0.02 0.03 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 1.84 2008 0.32 1.07 2.12 0.03 0.12 0.79 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.06 5.65

Integrated circuits 2007 0.01 0.08 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.63 2008 0.02 0.32 0.04 0.17 0.02 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.04 3.55

Transport equipment 2007 6.24 2.42 8.50 3.28 3.98 4.20 0.22 0.00 1.32 0.06 0.49 0.01 0.68 2.38 2008 6.73 4.31 9.84 4.67 3.87 6.07 0.32 0.00 1.37 0.09 0.59 0.02 2.00 4.18

Automotive products 2007 2.53 1.06 7.40 3.16 1.56 2.65 0.22 0.00 0.97 0.03 0.20 0.00 0.24 1.45 2008 2.30 1.80 8.56 4.47 1.99 4.07 0.29 0.00 1.12 0.05 0.25 0.00 0.24 2.79

Other transport equipment 2007 3.71 1.36 1.10 0.12 2.42 1.55 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.03 0.29 0.01 0.44 0.94 2008 4.44 2.50 1.28 0.20 1.88 2.00 0.02 0.00 0.25 0.03 0.34 0.02 1.76 1.39

Other machinery 2007 3.46 4.85 4.55 0.40 2.06 7.91 0.10 0.01 0.67 0.03 0.30 0.05 1.04 5.31 2008 3.49 6.72 5.61 0.60 2.43 10.43 0.15 0.01 1.06 0.04 0.28 0.07 0.93 8.72

Power generating machinery 2007 0.82 1.77 0.28 0.01 0.34 0.57 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.12 0.24 2008 0.95 2.33 0.40 0.02 0.45 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.13 0.44

Non-electrical machinery 2007 2.19 2.33 3.06 0.30 1.42 5.94 0.07 0.01 0.48 0.02 0.23 0.03 0.82 2.71 2008 2.19 3.33 3.82 0.48 1.68 7.92 0.12 0.01 0.76 0.02 0.21 0.04 0.68 4.75

Electrical machinery 2007 0.45 0.75 1.21 0.08 0.30 1.40 0.02 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.05 0.02 0.10 2.36 2008 0.35 1.06 1.38 0.11 0.30 1.85 0.03 0.01 0.22 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.12 3.53

Textiles 2007 0.48 0.16 0.77 0.21 0.12 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.05 1.53 2008 0.43 0.19 0.76 0.25 0.10 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.04 2.15

Clothing 2007 0.08 0.01 0.11 0.03 0.07 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.48 2008 0.05 0.01 0.11 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.71

Other manufactures 2007 1.63 1.59 1.41 0.32 1.38 1.95 0.03 0.00 0.23 0.00 0.07 0.02 0.17 2.66 2008 1.20 2.02 1.68 0.40 1.57 2.46 0.04 0.01 0.27 0.01 0.09 0.02 0.21 4.42

Personal and household goods 2007 1.12 0.10 0.71 0.01 1.01 0.16 0.02 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.07 0.42 2008 0.77 0.14 0.84 0.02 1.12 0.20 0.03 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.09 0.66

Scientific and controlling 2007 0.18 0.96 0.20 0.07 0.13 1.02 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.05 1.49 instruments 2008 0.16 1.20 0.25 0.09 0.15 1.33 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.07 2.14 Miscellaneous manufactures 2007 0.33 0.53 0.50 0.24 0.24 0.77 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.76

2008 0.28 0.67 0.59 0.28 0.30 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.05 1.63 Total merchandise a 2007.0 32.0 22.6 37.5 19.5 43.3 29.7 4.3 2.8 8.6 11.3 6.4 3.2 25.8 31.5

2008.0 33.9 32.3 46.9 25.7 50.0 39.5 5.5 5.3 10.2 15.8 8.1 6.2 38.8 48.4

AsiaEurope CIS Africa Middle EastNorth AmericaSouth & Central

America

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Brazil

215

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Table A20 (continued)

(Billion dollars)

exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp

Agricultural products 2007 17.8 1.0 3.9 0.7 4.2 0.1 0.6 2.7 1.5 0.0 0.2 0.3 48.3 7.3 2008 20.6 1.4 4.0 1.0 7.5 0.3 0.7 3.3 2.3 0.0 0.2 0.4 61.4 9.7

Food 2007 15.5 0.8 2.6 0.3 3.5 0.1 0.4 2.6 1.3 0.0 0.1 0.3 42.1 5.6 2008 17.9 1.1 2.6 0.5 6.6 0.2 0.5 3.2 2.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 54.3 7.6

Fish 2007 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.62008 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.7

Other food products 2007 15.3 0.7 2.5 0.3 3.5 0.1 0.4 2.4 1.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 41.8 5.02008 17.8 1.0 2.5 0.5 6.6 0.2 0.5 3.0 2.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 54.0 6.9

Raw materials 2007 2.3 0.2 1.3 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.2 1.72008 2.7 0.3 1.4 0.5 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.1 2.1

Fuels and mining products 2007 7.9 1.5 4.7 2.0 5.0 0.3 1.4 1.9 2.1 0.1 1.5 2.7 32.2 28.22008 10.1 2.0 6.0 3.1 7.0 0.8 1.9 2.0 2.8 0.2 1.6 3.1 44.0 41.8

Ores and other minerals 2007 4.2 0.1 0.5 0.1 3.9 0.0 0.5 0.1 1.3 0.0 0.0 1.2 14.3 2.32008 6.0 0.2 0.6 0.2 5.3 0.0 0.8 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.0 1.2 21.2 3.4

Fuels 2007 2.2 0.8 3.7 1.7 0.8 0.2 0.6 1.6 0.0 0.1 1.4 0.0 13.3 22.32008 2.6 1.2 5.0 2.7 1.7 0.6 0.7 1.9 0.0 0.2 1.5 0.0 18.7 34.3

Non-ferrous metals 2007 1.5 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 1.5 4.6 3.62008 1.5 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 1.9 4.1 4.1

Manufactures 2007 14.4 23.5 15.5 15.4 1.6 9.9 12.2 5.7 0.7 4.1 2.6 0.5 74.9 77.12008 15.3 32.8 17.0 21.7 1.9 18.9 15.1 7.9 1.0 6.6 3.0 0.7 86.4 121.7

Iron and steel 2007 2.2 0.8 2.7 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 10.1 2.42008 2.1 1.3 3.3 0.6 0.5 0.9 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.0 13.7 4.3

Chemicals 2007 2.3 6.5 1.7 5.6 0.2 1.4 2.0 1.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.3 10.7 22.92008 2.9 9.3 2.2 7.1 0.2 2.4 2.1 1.8 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4 12.6 34.0

Pharmaceuticals 2007 0.1 1.8 0.1 0.9 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 4.02008 0.2 2.4 0.1 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.1 5.0

Other chemicals 2007 2.2 4.7 1.5 4.7 0.2 1.3 1.9 1.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 9.9 18.92008 2.7 6.8 2.1 6.2 0.2 2.1 2.0 1.7 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 11.6 29.0

Other semi-manufactures 2007 2.6 2.2 2.7 1.1 0.6 0.7 1.1 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.1 11.2 5.92008 2.6 2.8 2.4 1.3 0.5 1.2 1.3 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.1 11.6 8.0

Machinery and transport equipment 2007 5.9 11.9 6.5 6.9 0.4 4.9 7.3 3.6 0.1 2.9 1.4 0.1 36.3 36.62008 6.1 16.9 7.7 10.7 0.7 10.6 9.3 5.0 0.1 4.8 1.6 0.1 41.8 62.2

Office and telecom equipment 2007 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.0 2.2 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 2.7 5.72008 0.2 1.3 0.3 1.4 0.1 5.9 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.2 0.0 3.2 16.3

EDP and office equipment 2007 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.0 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 2.62008 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.0 1.9 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.4 4.3

Telecommunications equipment 2007 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 2.3 2.32008 0.1 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.0 3.2 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 2.6 7.6

Integrated circuits 2007 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.82008 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 4.4

Transport equipment 2007 3.9 4.1 3.6 1.6 0.2 0.3 4.7 3.2 0.0 1.3 0.8 0.0 21.4 12.42008 3.7 5.9 4.8 3.0 0.3 0.7 6.3 4.5 0.1 1.9 0.8 0.1 24.7 19.3

Automotive products 2007 1.5 2.6 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.1 4.4 3.1 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.0 13.1 8.32008 2.0 4.0 0.8 0.6 0.0 0.3 6.0 4.4 0.0 1.1 0.7 0.0 14.7 13.2

Other transport equipment 2007 2.4 1.5 2.8 1.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.0 8.3 4.02008 1.8 1.9 4.1 2.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.1 0.0 10.0 6.1

Other machinery 2007 1.9 7.4 2.6 4.6 0.2 2.4 1.7 0.3 0.1 1.4 0.5 0.0 12.2 18.62008 2.2 9.7 2.6 6.3 0.3 4.0 1.9 0.5 0.1 2.2 0.6 0.0 14.0 26.6

Power generating machinery 2007 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.7 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 2.62008 0.4 0.6 0.8 2.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 2.0 3.5

Non-electrical machinery 2007 1.3 5.6 1.6 2.2 0.1 1.0 1.1 0.3 0.0 1.0 0.3 0.0 8.3 11.32008 1.5 7.3 1.4 3.1 0.2 1.8 1.2 0.4 0.1 1.7 0.4 0.0 9.5 16.5

Electrical machinery 2007 0.3 1.3 0.3 0.7 0.0 1.3 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 2.2 4.62008 0.3 1.7 0.3 0.9 0.0 2.0 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.0 2.4 6.6

Textiles 2007 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.4 2.22008 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 2.9

Clothing 2007 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.62008 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.9

Other manufactures 2007 1.3 1.8 1.4 1.5 0.0 1.4 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 4.9 6.62008 1.5 2.2 1.0 1.8 0.0 2.4 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.0 5.1 9.3

Personal and household goods 2007 1.0 0.2 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 3.1 0.72008 1.1 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 3.0 1.0

Scientific and controlling 2007 0.1 1.0 0.1 0.9 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.6 3.6instruments 2008 0.1 1.2 0.1 1.1 0.0 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.7 4.8Miscellaneous manufactures 2007 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.3 2.3

2008 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.4 3.5Total merchandise a 2007 40.5 26.7 25.3 18.9 10.7 12.6 14.4 10.4 4.3 4.6 4.3 3.5 160.6 120.6

2008 46.5 36.2 27.7 25.8 16.4 20.0 17.6 13.3 6.1 6.8 4.8 4.2 197.9 173.2

United States China Argentina Japan

Note: Imports are valued f.o.b. For sources and methods, see the Metadata.

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Brazil

a Includes unspecified products.b Includes unspecified destinations and origins.

EU (27) Chile World b

216

AP

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Table A21

(Billion dollars)

exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp

Agricultural products 2007 22.36 19.42 4.22 46.03 401.05 400.53 14.13 8.12 14.28 20.99 9.02 2.91 24.79 33.69 2008 21.83 21.31 5.17 55.00 461.33 458.65 17.98 9.84 19.29 23.13 11.19 2.82 28.49 40.43

Food 2007 19.80 13.01 3.65 40.62 337.18 338.44 12.58 3.71 11.62 17.02 7.57 2.38 17.43 25.10 2008 19.51 15.15 4.47 49.30 394.49 393.74 15.99 5.85 16.18 18.97 9.65 2.25 19.96 30.99

Fish 2007 0.34 1.79 0.13 3.52 20.67 26.49 0.53 0.55 0.68 3.72 0.07 0.13 1.03 5.822008 0.36 1.81 0.17 3.97 21.29 27.31 0.56 0.52 0.88 4.00 0.08 0.11 1.15 6.42

Other food products 2007 19.46 11.22 3.52 37.10 316.51 311.95 12.05 3.16 10.93 13.30 7.50 2.25 16.40 19.282008 19.15 13.34 4.29 45.34 373.20 366.43 15.43 5.33 15.30 14.97 9.57 2.14 18.81 24.58

Raw materials 2007 2.56 6.41 0.57 5.41 63.87 62.09 1.55 4.41 2.66 3.96 1.45 0.53 7.37 8.59 2008 2.32 6.16 0.70 5.69 66.84 64.91 1.99 3.99 3.11 4.16 1.53 0.57 8.53 9.43Fuels and mining products 2007 40.38 26.99 3.49 37.14 382.01 435.51 4.27 205.94 13.96 100.57 5.91 64.91 19.07 25.98

2008 49.63 39.82 3.54 44.98 472.52 542.55 5.67 273.78 20.81 144.72 7.86 81.54 22.75 32.59Ores and other minerals 2007 1.82 10.46 0.18 13.79 50.21 51.04 0.37 5.45 0.93 5.76 0.58 0.98 8.95 8.00

2008 1.96 11.41 0.26 16.69 53.54 53.21 0.38 6.63 1.66 7.45 0.80 1.22 9.21 6.54Fuels 2007 31.07 11.21 2.35 11.04 227.12 273.23 2.53 188.45 11.32 87.49 4.06 62.27 2.46 10.65

2008 40.38 23.70 2.22 18.21 320.69 384.85 3.83 257.78 17.25 131.58 5.48 78.84 4.21 19.29Non-ferrous metals 2007 7.49 5.31 0.95 12.30 104.68 111.24 1.37 12.04 1.71 7.32 1.27 1.67 7.66 7.33

2008 7.29 4.72 1.06 10.08 98.29 104.48 1.46 9.37 1.90 5.69 1.59 1.48 9.33 6.76Manufactures 2007 349.21 233.81 65.27 25.35 3102.11 3025.72 153.94 34.94 108.65 40.98 115.34 24.33 344.26 653.82 2008 354.13 244.12 78.87 26.97 3321.16 3237.50 191.67 40.72 129.75 43.65 134.30 25.81 381.37 707.07

Iron and steel 2007 10.46 3.22 2.14 4.86 173.71 170.82 2.97 14.01 5.32 4.01 6.80 0.45 11.38 21.32 2008 11.55 3.63 3.02 4.28 190.32 187.41 3.45 18.23 8.28 4.87 8.45 0.44 12.99 21.12

Chemicals 2007 88.15 54.79 13.14 4.35 592.55 583.98 24.39 8.42 16.42 4.06 14.67 8.34 55.48 40.95 2008 92.50 56.59 16.30 5.66 662.64 656.65 29.65 10.24 19.19 5.01 16.83 10.38 63.14 44.67

Pharmaceuticals 2007 42.01 20.59 4.06 0.29 176.73 179.24 7.32 0.03 5.33 0.14 4.50 0.76 15.80 5.92 2008 45.69 22.27 5.04 0.38 200.10 204.50 9.96 0.04 5.95 0.11 5.37 0.93 18.82 7.35

Other chemicals 2007 46.14 34.20 9.09 4.06 415.82 404.74 17.08 8.38 11.09 3.92 10.17 7.59 39.67 35.04 2008 46.81 34.32 11.26 5.28 462.54 452.15 19.69 10.20 13.24 4.91 11.46 9.44 44.33 37.32

Other semi-manufactures 2007 25.61 14.39 5.64 3.82 353.81 342.44 16.57 5.62 10.86 9.28 14.43 6.11 33.68 51.602008 23.76 15.85 6.87 3.64 381.40 368.58 19.71 5.03 13.46 8.39 15.07 5.89 34.37 56.32

Machinery and transport equipment 2007 174.60 123.63 38.11 9.82 1485.68 1432.14 85.02 3.98 60.94 10.72 65.88 5.69 198.08 356.452008 177.02 128.42 45.46 10.73 1557.90 1499.50 109.02 4.56 72.15 11.99 77.05 5.69 221.33 380.09

Office and telecom equipment 2007 17.01 31.66 3.25 2.55 301.18 288.24 16.00 0.64 11.45 1.23 13.24 1.97 38.00 195.062008 16.59 29.03 3.54 2.89 306.09 291.55 16.81 0.69 11.60 1.25 12.22 1.91 38.51 208.51

EDP and office equipment 2007 6.79 11.88 0.55 2.10 129.76 122.33 5.85 0.06 4.05 0.24 4.39 0.61 7.31 80.362008 6.31 11.18 0.61 2.51 128.35 120.53 5.52 0.08 4.18 0.23 4.31 0.61 7.33 83.16

Telecommunications equipment 2007 6.24 14.40 2.16 0.29 132.21 127.64 9.54 0.53 6.47 0.53 8.39 1.24 11.79 87.002008 6.68 12.62 2.59 0.29 137.16 131.41 10.72 0.56 6.43 0.61 7.52 1.23 12.12 90.68

Integrated circuits 2007 3.99 5.38 0.54 0.16 39.21 38.27 0.62 0.04 0.93 0.46 0.45 0.12 18.90 27.702008 3.60 5.23 0.34 0.09 40.58 39.62 0.57 0.05 0.99 0.40 0.40 0.07 19.06 34.67

Transport equipment 2007 73.75 40.32 15.49 4.86 651.82 629.84 25.94 1.10 18.26 2.37 15.56 0.58 55.65 66.422008 71.62 43.09 17.66 5.27 683.62 660.50 37.26 1.16 20.85 2.89 22.67 0.62 62.45 68.10

Automotive products 2007 53.58 15.99 7.02 2.02 506.27 491.18 21.91 0.29 14.02 1.85 10.10 0.25 30.98 41.242008 49.84 16.72 8.38 2.69 500.53 485.00 30.21 0.31 15.81 2.22 14.77 0.16 34.38 39.16

Other transport equipment 2007 20.17 24.33 8.47 2.84 145.56 138.67 4.03 0.81 4.23 0.52 5.46 0.33 24.67 25.192008 21.78 26.37 9.28 2.58 183.09 175.50 7.06 0.86 5.05 0.67 7.90 0.45 28.07 28.94

Other machinery 2007 83.84 51.65 19.37 2.41 532.68 514.06 43.08 2.24 31.23 7.11 37.09 3.14 104.43 94.972008 88.81 56.30 24.27 2.57 568.19 547.45 54.95 2.72 39.70 7.85 42.16 3.16 120.37 103.48

Power generating machinery 2007 18.69 19.02 1.61 0.48 45.27 44.19 1.87 0.44 3.38 0.36 5.82 0.82 12.16 7.362008 21.66 20.88 2.52 0.55 49.99 48.39 2.55 0.50 4.97 0.62 5.92 0.76 15.76 8.38

Non-electrical machinery 2007 47.15 21.40 14.22 1.45 321.63 307.50 31.36 0.98 20.39 3.13 23.75 1.12 70.16 43.872008 48.84 23.83 17.72 1.55 342.80 327.28 40.60 1.15 25.77 3.35 27.14 1.15 79.63 47.77

Electrical machinery 2007 18.00 11.23 3.54 0.48 165.78 162.37 9.85 0.82 7.46 3.62 7.52 1.21 22.11 43.742008 18.31 11.59 4.03 0.47 175.40 171.78 11.80 1.06 8.95 3.88 9.09 1.25 24.99 47.33

Textiles 2007 3.96 1.43 0.68 0.19 63.62 64.84 2.56 0.47 4.77 1.17 0.97 0.73 5.11 16.622008 3.49 1.42 0.74 0.18 61.76 62.59 2.74 0.42 5.13 1.15 1.12 0.69 5.08 17.47

Clothing 2007 3.92 0.76 0.34 0.40 87.73 95.73 5.54 1.00 1.11 8.72 1.93 0.40 4.48 57.972008 3.87 0.82 0.38 0.42 92.93 99.78 6.66 0.95 1.23 9.10 2.37 0.38 4.85 66.27

Other manufactures 2007 42.53 35.59 5.22 1.92 345.01 335.77 16.88 1.45 9.24 3.04 10.66 2.60 36.05 108.892008 41.94 37.38 6.10 2.06 374.21 362.99 20.44 1.29 10.31 3.16 13.42 2.34 39.60 121.12

Personal and household goods 2007 6.92 0.94 0.50 1.19 89.22 85.41 4.68 0.51 1.38 1.65 1.67 0.17 5.83 35.512008 6.41 0.90 0.60 1.24 93.51 89.09 5.81 0.56 1.57 1.74 2.25 0.17 6.50 38.60

Scientific and controlling 2007 14.59 17.85 2.07 0.34 61.94 60.70 3.53 0.20 3.01 0.43 3.22 0.90 14.73 11.62instruments 2008 15.94 19.28 2.40 0.34 66.45 64.98 4.51 0.24 3.31 0.44 3.94 0.87 16.26 14.12Miscellaneous manufactures 2007 21.01 16.79 2.65 0.39 193.86 189.65 8.67 0.74 4.86 0.96 5.77 1.53 15.49 61.77

2008 19.59 17.20 3.10 0.48 214.26 208.92 10.12 0.49 5.43 0.98 7.23 1.30 16.84 68.40Total merchandise a 2007 419.30 296.37 74.17 109.43 3942.90 3919.86 174.47 252.39 138.45 164.29 132.29 92.98 395.94 717.00

2008 434.71 323.72 88.99 128.57 4313.51 4298.89 218.34 329.53 171.85 214.17 156.12 110.95 440.55 784.50

AsiaEurope CIS Africa Middle EastNorth AmericaSouth & Central

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Table A21 (continued)

(Billion dollars)

exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp

Agricultural products 2007 381.98 108.88 150.11 18.35 14.08 4.46 7.10 10.79 4.90 7.57 4.07 490.87 532.09 2008 438.69 127.63 173.05 17.55 15.75 5.32 8.04 13.22 4.75 9.12 4.82 566.32 611.75

Food 2007 322.38 88.18 118.14 16.17 9.55 1.68 5.04 9.75 1.49 6.21 3.48 410.56 440.52 2008 376.24 104.81 140.41 15.63 11.24 2.02 5.77 11.88 1.62 7.67 4.21 481.05 516.65

Fish 2007 19.95 3.51 22.10 0.30 1.15 0.31 1.69 0.38 0.49 0.36 0.00 23.45 42.042008 20.49 4.02 23.65 0.31 1.22 0.35 1.88 0.40 0.45 0.42 0.00 24.51 44.13

Other food products 2007 302.43 84.67 96.05 15.88 8.39 1.37 3.36 9.38 1.00 5.85 3.48 387.10 398.482008 355.75 100.79 116.77 15.32 10.02 1.67 3.89 11.49 1.17 7.25 4.21 456.54 472.52

Raw materials 2007 59.61 20.70 31.97 2.18 4.53 2.78 2.05 1.04 3.41 1.36 0.59 80.31 91.572008 62.46 22.82 32.64 1.92 4.51 3.30 2.27 1.34 3.13 1.45 0.61 85.28 95.09

Fuels and mining products 2007 353.67 130.56 573.30 33.42 14.93 7.07 5.51 1.74 169.64 10.88 6.64 484.22 926.962008 436.09 167.70 765.16 41.10 24.19 7.51 6.09 1.99 221.65 14.56 7.38 603.79 1201.25

Ores and other minerals 2007 46.43 16.76 49.73 1.18 6.06 4.47 1.34 0.19 3.28 0.62 1.35 63.19 96.172008 48.47 19.44 55.76 1.48 6.32 4.49 1.51 0.20 3.92 0.73 1.41 67.91 104.24

Fuels 2007 209.03 86.49 459.14 25.30 5.73 0.14 0.93 0.73 156.86 6.94 3.00 295.52 668.172008 296.34 118.25 653.93 32.94 14.64 0.28 1.40 0.89 209.92 9.75 3.76 414.59 950.27

Non-ferrous metals 2007 98.21 27.31 64.42 6.94 3.13 2.46 3.25 0.83 9.50 3.33 2.29 125.52 162.632008 91.28 30.01 55.47 6.68 3.24 2.74 3.18 0.90 7.81 4.08 2.21 121.29 146.75

Manufactures 2007 2850.88 1405.93 1194.36 296.47 205.20 84.53 304.15 106.98 20.79 102.72 90.64 4256.81 4045.242008 3047.57 1566.74 1287.45 296.61 212.88 99.26 348.57 136.08 23.79 113.11 99.18 4614.31 4335.02

Iron and steel 2007 161.03 52.20 57.72 7.93 2.18 3.42 11.65 1.83 7.62 4.03 1.78 213.23 218.752008 176.71 61.73 63.31 8.84 2.31 3.80 11.24 2.07 9.61 4.42 2.05 238.44 240.02

Chemicals 2007 541.66 270.51 165.16 76.41 49.16 10.10 10.32 16.97 6.16 26.56 34.67 812.17 706.832008 609.56 301.08 186.30 79.72 52.23 12.49 13.65 20.68 7.82 25.82 38.13 910.63 795.85

Pharmaceuticals 2007 157.66 100.49 49.49 35.42 19.53 1.58 1.49 5.05 0.01 13.61 20.63 258.15 207.152008 180.56 112.77 59.91 38.38 20.86 2.61 2.20 7.11 0.02 12.58 23.05 293.33 240.47

Other chemicals 2007 384.00 170.02 115.67 40.99 29.63 8.52 8.83 11.93 6.15 12.95 14.04 554.02 499.682008 429.00 188.30 126.39 41.33 31.37 9.88 11.45 13.57 7.80 13.24 15.08 617.30 555.39

Other semi-manufactures 2007 324.99 137.13 108.41 21.11 11.05 5.51 27.80 10.95 4.16 12.31 8.19 462.12 433.392008 349.81 146.47 114.07 19.09 11.94 5.81 31.15 13.19 3.57 13.78 8.87 496.28 463.87

Machinery and transport equipment 2007 1373.82 742.44 572.56 147.62 108.73 58.43 147.05 59.39 2.02 35.64 25.80 2116.27 1946.382008 1434.80 835.03 608.08 146.90 110.93 68.50 168.67 78.49 2.10 41.83 28.53 2269.82 2042.88

Office and telecom equipment 2007 282.62 118.09 240.22 15.17 27.62 6.87 96.36 11.04 0.14 6.98 2.00 400.71 522.842008 286.07 119.69 250.09 14.63 24.16 6.84 108.93 12.03 0.14 7.94 1.98 405.76 536.16

EDP and office equipment 2007 121.19 37.59 96.42 6.18 10.20 1.45 44.95 4.30 0.03 3.62 0.86 158.79 217.612008 119.47 37.15 98.85 5.63 9.53 1.56 49.72 4.16 0.04 4.00 0.76 156.63 218.32

Telecommunications equipment 2007 123.89 53.39 109.20 5.29 12.33 2.51 45.48 6.37 0.08 2.58 0.59 177.28 233.092008 127.93 55.66 109.78 5.66 9.76 2.17 47.40 7.50 0.07 3.03 0.62 183.59 237.71

Integrated circuits 2007 37.54 27.11 34.61 3.69 5.09 2.90 5.93 0.37 0.03 0.78 0.55 64.65 72.152008 38.67 26.88 41.47 3.34 4.87 3.11 11.82 0.38 0.03 0.91 0.60 65.55 80.14

Transport equipment 2007 608.40 252.70 139.22 62.41 34.53 17.55 8.08 18.06 0.75 10.88 3.58 861.11 747.632008 636.56 285.75 146.43 59.12 35.98 20.09 10.66 27.91 0.60 13.43 4.04 922.31 782.98

Automotive products 2007 475.69 169.19 77.20 46.14 12.30 9.19 2.43 15.44 0.18 8.21 1.62 644.88 552.892008 468.18 187.21 78.17 41.74 12.30 11.49 3.12 22.79 0.16 9.16 1.62 655.39 546.35

Other transport equipment 2007 132.71 83.51 62.03 16.27 22.23 8.37 5.65 2.62 0.57 2.68 1.96 216.22 194.742008 168.38 98.54 68.26 17.39 23.68 8.60 7.54 5.12 0.44 4.27 2.41 266.92 236.64

Other machinery 2007 482.80 371.65 193.11 70.04 46.58 34.01 42.60 30.29 1.13 17.77 20.22 854.45 675.912008 512.17 429.58 211.57 73.14 50.80 41.58 49.08 38.56 1.37 20.46 22.51 941.75 723.73

Power generating machinery 2007 41.02 47.79 31.66 16.01 17.04 2.98 2.45 1.40 0.39 1.89 2.03 88.82 72.682008 44.35 59.09 35.75 18.23 18.77 4.06 2.92 1.89 0.43 2.36 2.58 103.43 80.10

Non-electrical machinery 2007 289.66 241.02 89.90 38.44 19.54 23.54 15.10 21.90 0.47 10.74 12.95 530.68 379.562008 307.43 277.43 98.76 39.38 21.77 28.47 18.20 28.24 0.59 12.32 14.06 584.86 406.19

Electrical machinery 2007 152.12 82.84 71.55 15.59 10.01 7.50 25.05 6.99 0.27 5.15 5.25 234.96 223.672008 160.39 93.07 77.05 15.54 10.25 9.05 27.96 8.43 0.35 5.79 5.87 253.46 237.44

Textiles 2007 58.10 23.75 27.39 3.19 1.28 0.96 7.46 1.40 0.10 1.62 1.32 81.85 85.482008 56.04 24.17 27.93 2.74 1.28 1.07 8.34 1.55 0.07 1.79 1.30 80.21 83.96

Clothing 2007 80.34 24.76 84.65 3.02 0.56 0.28 32.44 4.31 0.07 4.22 0.94 105.10 164.992008 84.66 27.72 93.08 2.90 0.62 0.39 39.82 5.16 0.05 4.68 1.03 112.38 177.74

Other manufactures 2007 310.94 155.14 178.49 37.21 32.24 5.83 67.43 12.14 0.65 18.33 17.95 466.08 489.432008 336.01 170.55 194.68 36.43 33.57 7.21 75.70 14.93 0.58 20.79 19.28 506.56 530.69

Personal and household goods 2007 80.72 29.49 44.68 5.91 0.78 0.53 23.37 3.46 0.18 4.53 1.41 110.21 125.402008 83.96 32.73 48.34 5.41 0.76 0.70 25.68 4.43 0.18 5.12 1.57 116.69 132.30

Scientific and controlling 2007 55.87 47.40 36.20 12.93 15.66 3.44 3.12 2.63 0.11 2.65 3.91 103.28 92.07instruments 2008 59.76 53.22 40.56 14.05 16.90 4.08 3.69 3.37 0.12 2.94 4.41 112.98 100.32Miscellaneous manufactures 2007 174.35 78.25 97.61 18.37 15.81 1.86 40.95 6.05 0.36 11.15 12.62 252.60 271.96

2008 192.29 84.60 105.78 16.98 15.91 2.43 46.33 7.13 0.27 12.74 13.30 276.89 298.08Total merchandise a 2007 3638.02 3638.02 1700.67 1964.63 354.29 247.96 97.31 317.50 120.83 197.86 126.43 107.07 5338.69 5602.65

2008 3973.53 3973.53 1924.91 2282.24 362.67 268.26 113.67 363.72 153.16 253.95 142.86 119.46 5898.44 6255.77

Extra-EU (27) United States China Russian Fed.

Note: The figures are affected by the "INTRASTAT" system of recording trade between EU member States. Unspecified products account for 1.8 per cent of total intra-EU trade, and intra-EU imports are under-recorded. To compensate for this under-recording, intra-EU exports have been used to obtain total (World) imports. Major trading partners were selected on the basis of 2008 data. For sources and methods, see the Metadata.

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - European Union (27)

a Includes unspecified products.b Includes unspecified destinations and origins.

Intra-EU (27) Switzerland World b

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Table A22

(Billion dollars)

exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp

Agricultural products 2007 5.91 15.95 0.54 13.14 6.55 5.44 1.61 5.93 1.16 1.93 1.04 0.14 22.06 22.83 2008 6.87 22.99 0.90 21.71 7.48 7.06 1.93 6.04 1.57 1.99 1.20 0.10 22.35 26.93

Food 2007 4.90 7.56 0.44 11.28 4.81 2.18 1.53 1.44 1.05 0.38 0.96 0.11 19.47 9.48 2008 5.69 13.17 0.78 19.17 5.56 3.00 1.83 1.33 1.42 0.48 1.10 0.08 19.52 12.32

Fish 2007 2.14 0.65 0.04 0.13 1.56 0.46 0.37 1.33 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.01 5.02 0.86 2008 2.45 0.73 0.06 0.20 1.79 0.57 0.47 1.21 0.10 0.02 0.06 0.01 5.16 0.95

Other food products 2007 2.76 6.91 0.40 11.14 3.25 1.72 1.16 0.12 1.00 0.35 0.91 0.09 14.45 8.62 2008 3.24 12.44 0.72 18.97 3.77 2.42 1.36 0.13 1.32 0.46 1.04 0.06 14.36 11.36

Raw materials 2007 1.01 8.39 0.10 1.87 1.74 3.26 0.08 4.48 0.11 1.55 0.08 0.04 2.59 13.35 2008 1.17 9.82 0.13 2.54 1.92 4.07 0.10 4.70 0.14 1.51 0.09 0.03 2.83 14.62 Fuels and mining products 2007 3.78 8.43 1.78 28.98 5.49 9.01 0.68 17.32 0.68 31.23 1.01 41.20 28.48 74.44

2008 5.31 9.58 4.07 39.88 6.94 10.23 0.96 22.57 1.19 49.49 1.51 72.22 34.92 102.90 Ores and other minerals 2007 0.32 5.47 0.03 17.98 0.85 5.21 0.05 2.05 0.02 3.69 0.04 1.77 1.39 36.75

2008 0.49 6.58 0.05 24.49 1.08 6.10 0.07 3.46 0.04 7.58 0.07 3.49 2.16 54.24 Fuels 2007 1.46 0.61 1.52 5.29 1.86 0.40 0.25 12.70 0.17 26.10 0.23 39.24 14.47 20.58

2008 2.65 0.99 3.70 9.53 2.88 0.42 0.36 16.45 0.50 39.51 0.44 68.60 20.86 33.27 Non-ferrous metals 2007 1.99 2.35 0.24 5.72 2.78 3.40 0.38 2.57 0.49 1.45 0.73 0.18 12.62 17.11

2008 2.17 2.01 0.31 5.87 2.97 3.70 0.53 2.65 0.65 2.40 0.99 0.13 11.90 15.38 Manufactures 2007 254.38 59.27 36.94 5.58 251.79 104.86 45.71 4.73 34.41 2.61 41.87 6.50 468.97 493.89 2008 276.08 65.54 51.63 5.89 298.42 126.31 61.65 5.25 47.38 2.89 55.65 7.64 537.75 519.86

Iron and steel 2007 5.42 0.84 1.65 1.12 10.38 3.79 1.62 1.19 1.67 0.85 5.22 0.00 25.54 16.35 2008 8.71 1.37 3.28 1.16 10.79 4.44 2.90 1.21 3.42 0.90 7.48 0.01 34.40 18.04

Chemicals 2007 7.96 14.00 3.63 0.64 11.20 14.70 2.22 2.97 2.06 0.40 2.30 5.15 30.94 69.57 2008 11.37 15.72 5.62 0.60 14.64 18.94 2.89 3.25 2.95 0.54 3.04 6.16 38.81 73.78

Pharmaceuticals 2007 1.13 0.57 0.34 0.03 1.68 2.57 0.08 0.00 0.29 0.00 0.17 0.01 2.31 0.71 2008 1.67 0.74 0.50 0.04 2.35 3.80 0.10 0.00 0.40 0.00 0.24 0.01 2.81 0.92

Other chemicals 2007 6.83 13.43 3.30 0.61 9.52 12.13 2.14 2.97 1.77 0.40 2.13 5.14 28.63 68.85 2008 9.70 14.98 5.13 0.57 12.28 15.14 2.79 3.25 2.55 0.54 2.81 6.15 36.00 72.86

Other semi-manufactures 2007 23.98 2.92 2.98 0.99 22.57 7.10 3.86 0.20 4.22 0.90 5.64 0.38 29.92 16.79 2008 23.77 3.23 4.38 0.89 24.80 8.12 5.98 0.23 5.88 0.96 7.62 0.47 33.64 17.70

Machinery and transport equipment 2007 128.27 34.79 16.12 2.76 133.17 68.74 13.61 0.32 13.60 0.42 15.36 0.70 256.92 304.91 2008 137.38 37.25 22.83 3.15 156.84 81.34 18.12 0.48 21.07 0.40 21.51 0.74 295.38 318.60

Office and telecom equipment 2007 84.22 12.83 6.18 2.29 84.10 9.71 4.26 0.04 3.72 0.33 4.46 0.50 160.86 200.76 2008 86.53 13.61 8.53 2.26 94.18 9.28 5.28 0.05 5.45 0.29 6.80 0.51 175.44 205.49

EDP and office equipment 2007 47.47 2.61 1.64 0.01 48.82 1.70 0.87 0.00 0.58 0.00 1.84 0.05 64.66 41.09 2008 48.73 2.45 2.26 0.01 52.94 1.56 1.10 0.00 0.81 0.00 2.70 0.08 68.24 42.37

Telecommunications equipment 2007 34.80 1.85 4.18 0.01 29.73 3.13 3.30 0.00 3.05 0.00 2.55 0.10 68.65 30.64 2008 36.05 2.03 5.94 0.01 30.12 2.43 4.09 0.00 4.52 0.00 3.98 0.13 77.15 32.28

Integrated circuits 2007 1.95 8.37 0.36 2.27 5.54 4.88 0.09 0.03 0.10 0.32 0.08 0.35 27.56 129.04 2008 1.75 9.13 0.32 2.24 11.12 5.29 0.09 0.05 0.12 0.28 0.13 0.30 30.04 130.83

Transport equipment 2007 10.97 8.86 3.54 0.19 13.57 18.11 3.50 0.08 3.59 0.02 3.46 0.01 19.83 14.43 2008 12.28 8.23 4.99 0.51 18.38 21.81 3.98 0.16 5.34 0.01 4.11 0.01 26.19 18.18

Automotive products 2007 5.87 2.63 1.22 0.10 3.58 10.33 2.76 0.05 1.97 0.02 2.26 0.00 5.37 10.90 2008 6.09 3.12 1.92 0.06 4.53 12.88 2.98 0.03 3.23 0.01 2.90 0.00 7.01 12.96

Other transport equipment 2007 5.10 6.23 2.32 0.09 9.99 7.78 0.73 0.03 1.62 0.00 1.21 0.01 14.46 3.52 2008 6.19 5.11 3.07 0.45 13.85 8.94 0.99 0.14 2.11 0.00 1.22 0.01 19.18 5.22

Other machinery 2007 33.08 13.09 6.41 0.29 35.50 40.93 5.86 0.20 6.29 0.08 7.43 0.19 76.23 89.72 2008 38.57 15.41 9.32 0.38 44.28 50.25 8.86 0.27 10.28 0.10 10.60 0.22 93.75 94.93

Power generating machinery 2007 2.23 1.61 0.27 0.05 2.09 3.58 0.16 0.13 0.62 0.00 0.53 0.00 5.46 4.19 2008 2.97 2.37 0.55 0.03 3.00 4.31 0.33 0.16 1.13 0.00 0.76 0.00 8.37 4.34

Non-electrical machinery 2007 13.15 7.86 3.56 0.16 14.99 28.08 3.47 0.06 3.48 0.05 4.34 0.05 24.88 35.53 2008 15.16 9.15 5.27 0.27 19.65 34.83 5.60 0.09 5.80 0.07 6.44 0.06 33.04 38.18

Electrical machinery 2007 17.71 3.61 2.58 0.08 18.42 9.27 2.22 0.01 2.20 0.02 2.56 0.14 45.89 49.99 2008 20.44 3.89 3.50 0.08 21.63 11.11 2.93 0.02 3.35 0.03 3.40 0.16 52.33 52.42

Textiles 2007 7.42 0.58 3.15 0.02 8.45 1.19 2.78 0.01 4.76 0.01 3.51 0.02 25.89 14.81 2008 8.33 0.66 3.97 0.02 10.06 1.34 4.42 0.01 6.06 0.01 4.20 0.03 28.23 14.17

Clothing 2007 23.62 0.02 4.17 0.00 25.84 0.42 13.72 0.00 4.19 0.02 5.32 0.00 38.36 1.50 2008 22.06 0.04 4.12 0.01 32.70 0.69 15.69 0.00 2.92 0.04 5.16 0.00 37.33 1.50

Other manufactures 2007 57.70 6.12 5.23 0.05 40.18 8.91 7.89 0.04 3.92 0.02 4.52 0.23 61.40 69.97 2008 64.46 7.27 7.44 0.06 48.60 11.45 11.66 0.06 5.09 0.03 6.64 0.23 69.96 76.08

Personal and household goods 2007 24.27 0.18 2.11 0.01 14.58 0.88 4.64 0.00 1.93 0.00 2.11 0.00 13.55 1.05 2008 26.82 0.18 2.89 0.01 17.41 1.14 6.94 0.01 2.44 0.01 3.14 0.00 15.90 1.38

Scientific and controlling 2007 4.51 3.86 0.88 0.01 5.93 5.08 0.35 0.02 0.30 0.00 0.37 0.18 17.96 50.58 instruments 2008 5.34 4.64 1.59 0.02 7.42 6.65 0.54 0.02 0.40 0.00 0.57 0.19 19.68 54.62 Miscellaneous manufactures 2007 28.92 2.08 2.25 0.03 19.67 2.95 2.90 0.03 1.69 0.01 2.04 0.06 29.89 18.34

2008 32.30 2.45 2.96 0.03 23.77 3.66 4.18 0.03 2.24 0.02 2.92 0.03 34.38 20.08 Total merchandise a 2007 264.24 83.77 39.32 47.71 263.89 119.99 48.00 27.99 36.53 36.36 43.98 47.86 521.09 592.22

2008 288.50 98.18 56.62 67.47 312.91 144.61 64.55 33.86 50.16 55.92 58.36 79.99 596.45 651.46

North AmericaSouth & Central

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Table A22 (continued)

(Billion dollars)

exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp

Agricultural products 2007 6.13 5.05 4.92 12.80 8.65 1.83 3.12 0.26 3.75 1.12 0.63 0.83 38.86 65.37 2008 7.03 6.63 5.67 18.98 7.99 1.92 3.52 0.31 3.29 1.14 0.76 0.70 42.30 86.83

Food 2007 4.63 1.89 4.08 6.41 7.80 0.34 2.86 0.07 3.33 0.28 0.44 0.12 33.16 32.42 2008 5.33 2.69 4.72 11.52 7.06 0.33 3.27 0.08 2.90 0.31 0.55 0.13 35.90 49.54

Fish 2007 1.54 0.21 1.76 0.46 2.84 0.21 0.39 0.00 1.11 0.13 0.14 0.05 9.23 3.47 2008 1.77 0.31 2.03 0.53 2.68 0.18 0.44 0.00 1.08 0.15 0.17 0.04 10.09 3.70

Other food products 2007 3.09 1.69 2.32 5.95 4.97 0.14 2.47 0.07 2.22 0.15 0.30 0.07 23.93 28.96 2008 3.56 2.37 2.69 10.99 4.38 0.15 2.83 0.08 1.82 0.16 0.37 0.09 25.81 45.84

Raw materials 2007 1.49 3.15 0.84 6.39 0.85 1.49 0.26 0.19 0.41 0.83 0.19 0.71 5.70 32.95 2008 1.70 3.94 0.95 7.46 0.93 1.59 0.25 0.24 0.39 0.83 0.21 0.57 6.39 37.29

Fuels and mining products 2007 4.95 7.45 3.16 4.61 4.79 8.43 6.68 1.39 5.87 10.07 1.96 4.99 41.88 210.62 2008 6.44 8.27 4.46 4.95 6.98 12.07 8.17 1.32 7.13 13.49 2.17 6.70 54.90 306.87

Ores and other minerals 2007 0.82 4.23 0.29 3.38 0.41 2.17 0.07 0.88 0.52 0.40 0.11 0.13 2.71 72.92 2008 1.05 4.59 0.45 3.26 0.71 2.61 0.07 0.76 0.58 0.56 0.23 0.23 3.96 105.96

Fuels 2007 1.52 0.31 1.25 0.38 2.87 2.09 2.64 0.27 2.33 6.53 0.80 1.24 19.95 104.93 2008 2.58 0.42 2.31 0.70 4.69 4.83 4.67 0.33 3.56 9.96 1.14 3.18 31.40 168.78

Non-ferrous metals 2007 2.60 2.91 1.61 0.85 1.51 4.17 3.97 0.24 3.02 3.14 1.05 3.63 19.23 32.77 2008 2.80 3.26 1.70 0.99 1.58 4.63 3.43 0.23 3.00 2.96 0.80 3.29 19.53 32.14

Manufactures 2007 234.23 98.40 224.85 52.02 87.89 123.51 174.40 10.76 46.48 92.40 20.78 95.20 ###### 677.50 2008 279.61 117.90 242.41 57.74 100.35 136.46 178.86 10.22 63.46 97.37 22.88 95.91 ###### 733.44

Iron and steel 2007 9.79 3.73 4.46 0.75 2.12 7.70 1.60 0.05 8.39 3.60 2.12 3.68 51.51 24.14 2008 9.82 4.37 7.46 1.29 3.10 9.58 1.68 0.02 14.70 4.27 2.01 3.10 70.97 27.14

Chemicals 2007 10.05 13.53 6.76 11.39 6.10 18.38 4.30 2.36 3.96 17.82 2.55 16.22 60.31 107.42 2008 13.28 17.31 9.74 12.97 7.55 19.66 4.31 2.75 4.97 19.67 3.37 17.23 79.31 119.00

Pharmaceuticals 2007 1.54 2.24 0.99 0.56 0.37 0.29 0.18 0.21 0.25 0.05 0.05 0.04 6.00 3.89 2008 2.16 3.33 1.47 0.71 0.42 0.35 0.21 0.25 0.32 0.07 0.06 0.06 8.07 5.51

Other chemicals 2007 8.51 11.29 5.76 10.84 5.73 18.09 4.12 2.15 3.71 17.78 2.50 16.18 54.31 103.53 2008 11.12 13.98 8.27 12.27 7.13 19.31 4.10 2.49 4.66 19.59 3.31 17.17 71.24 113.49

Other semi-manufactures 2007 21.11 6.66 21.21 2.65 6.74 5.22 6.81 0.35 3.98 2.70 1.37 2.77 93.17 29.32 2008 22.86 7.51 20.62 3.01 7.30 5.74 6.19 0.29 4.68 2.77 1.48 2.68 106.07 31.64

Machinery and transport equipment 2007 127.31 65.44 115.23 30.91 40.00 75.16 114.49 5.07 20.58 48.99 11.27 48.72 577.75 412.64 2008 149.00 77.27 121.36 33.00 45.31 81.67 121.21 4.61 29.01 50.55 12.10 48.00 674.25 441.98

Office and telecom equipment 2007 81.91 9.45 76.86 10.84 20.17 28.12 84.50 3.57 11.99 34.05 6.71 36.06 347.82 226.46 2008 91.71 9.00 77.54 11.40 21.94 28.17 86.99 3.29 18.54 33.78 6.72 36.40 382.23 231.49

EDP and office equipment 2007 47.96 1.66 43.73 2.20 10.91 3.93 34.36 0.26 3.13 5.38 2.57 2.14 165.88 45.46 2008 51.99 1.53 44.09 2.08 11.62 3.86 33.74 0.19 5.24 3.86 2.37 2.00 176.80 46.47

Telecommunications equipment 2007 28.47 3.04 31.29 1.42 6.94 5.57 37.66 0.92 5.50 5.15 1.66 1.87 146.27 35.74 2008 28.68 2.30 31.82 1.55 7.96 6.14 40.28 0.97 8.79 5.26 1.91 1.73 161.86 36.89

Integrated circuits 2007 5.48 4.75 1.83 7.22 2.32 18.62 12.48 2.39 3.36 23.52 2.47 32.05 35.67 145.26 2008 11.04 5.16 1.63 7.77 2.36 18.17 12.98 2.13 4.51 24.65 2.45 32.68 43.57 148.13

Transport equipment 2007 12.63 17.96 9.52 8.14 4.29 10.35 3.97 0.02 1.91 3.08 0.79 0.31 59.12 41.69 2008 16.81 21.59 10.41 7.60 4.67 13.45 5.57 0.02 2.33 3.80 0.94 0.27 76.37 48.95

Automotive products 2007 3.37 10.29 4.95 2.17 1.89 8.02 0.28 0.01 0.75 2.34 0.19 0.19 23.03 24.03 2008 4.21 12.83 5.06 2.74 2.30 10.32 0.33 0.00 0.92 2.25 0.26 0.11 28.67 29.05

Other transport equipment 2007 9.26 7.67 4.57 5.96 2.40 2.33 3.68 0.01 1.16 0.74 0.59 0.13 36.10 17.66 2008 12.60 8.76 5.35 4.86 2.37 3.13 5.24 0.01 1.41 1.55 0.69 0.17 47.70 19.89

Other machinery 2007 32.77 38.03 28.85 11.93 15.54 36.69 26.02 1.48 6.68 11.86 3.78 12.35 170.81 144.49 2008 40.48 46.69 33.41 14.00 18.70 40.05 28.64 1.30 8.14 12.97 4.44 11.32 215.65 161.55

Power generating machinery 2007 1.87 3.42 1.96 1.50 1.10 1.74 1.18 0.10 0.51 0.46 0.11 0.29 11.35 9.56 2008 2.57 4.12 2.65 2.22 1.32 1.93 1.30 0.07 0.69 0.50 0.15 0.28 17.10 11.21

Non-electrical machinery 2007 13.55 25.94 11.26 7.41 5.66 19.69 3.95 0.46 2.11 5.05 1.21 5.38 67.87 71.80 2008 17.60 32.18 12.85 8.52 7.20 21.95 4.14 0.52 2.95 5.50 1.56 4.81 90.96 82.64

Electrical machinery 2007 17.34 8.68 15.63 3.03 8.78 15.27 20.89 0.92 4.06 6.36 2.46 6.68 91.58 63.13 2008 20.30 10.38 17.91 3.27 10.18 16.17 23.20 0.71 4.51 6.97 2.73 6.23 107.58 67.70

Textiles 2007 7.02 1.10 6.09 0.55 3.15 3.15 8.88 1.12 2.14 2.39 0.29 3.15 55.97 16.64 2008 8.67 1.24 6.76 0.62 3.58 3.28 8.32 0.96 2.09 2.24 0.39 2.85 65.26 16.23

Clothing 2007 21.28 0.37 18.79 0.02 16.50 0.13 9.34 0.64 3.38 0.14 0.35 0.04 115.24 1.98 2008 30.28 0.61 18.56 0.03 17.69 0.13 7.76 0.46 3.34 0.13 0.40 0.04 119.98 2.28

Other manufactures 2007 37.68 7.57 52.32 5.74 13.27 13.77 28.98 1.16 4.05 16.76 2.82 20.63 180.84 85.35 2008 45.70 9.58 57.91 6.82 15.81 16.41 29.39 1.13 4.67 17.74 3.13 22.01 213.85 95.17

Personal and household goods 2007 13.62 0.85 22.34 0.16 4.95 0.20 3.50 0.02 1.36 0.18 0.32 0.09 63.19 2.13 2008 16.30 1.10 24.40 0.16 5.93 0.23 2.85 0.03 1.48 0.16 0.39 0.08 75.53 2.72

Scientific and controlling 2007 5.38 4.68 3.67 3.59 2.12 7.88 10.58 0.29 1.24 14.29 1.12 17.96 30.30 59.73 instruments 2008 6.77 6.09 4.31 4.31 2.48 9.73 10.72 0.25 1.55 14.81 1.26 19.07 35.55 66.15 Miscellaneous manufactures 2007 18.69 2.04 26.31 1.99 6.20 5.69 14.90 0.84 1.45 2.30 1.38 2.59 87.36 23.49

2008 22.64 2.39 29.19 2.35 7.41 6.44 15.82 0.85 1.65 2.76 1.48 2.86 102.77 26.30 Total merchandise a 2007 245.37 110.95 233.10 69.53 102.01 133.94 184.44 12.80 56.10 103.75 23.46 101.03 1217.78 955.96

2008 293.14 132.84 252.77 81.72 116.15 150.62 190.75 12.94 73.90 112.16 25.88 103.31 1428.69 1131.56

Note: It should be noted that China Customs Statistics record the country of origin for imports and the country of final destination for exports. However, if the country of final destination cannot be ascertained, exports are attributed to the last known country of dispatch (see China's Customs Statistics, December 2003). For sources and methods, see the Metadata.

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - China

a Includes unspecified products.b Includes unspecified destinations and origins.

EU (27) Taipei, Chinese World bUnited States JapanHong Kong,

ChinaKorea, Rep. of

220

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A23

(Billion dollars)

exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp

Agricultural products 2007 0.24 2.03 0.01 1.44 0.13 2.13 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.31 0.02 0.23 5.06 7.26 2008 0.26 2.80 0.01 1.99 0.13 2.90 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.32 0.02 0.22 6.28 8.25

Food 2007 0.21 1.39 0.01 1.36 0.10 1.49 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.24 0.02 0.22 3.42 6.49 2008 0.23 2.12 0.01 1.91 0.11 2.12 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.24 0.02 0.21 4.51 7.51

Fish 2007 0.07 0.21 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.04 0.33 1.58 2008 0.07 0.24 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.05 0.34 1.70

Other food products 2007 0.15 1.18 0.01 1.25 0.10 1.35 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.10 0.02 0.18 3.09 4.91 2008 0.16 1.88 0.01 1.79 0.11 1.96 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.11 0.02 0.17 4.17 5.82

Raw materials 2007 0.03 0.65 0.00 0.08 0.03 0.64 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.01 1.64 0.77 2008 0.03 0.68 0.00 0.08 0.02 0.78 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.01 1.78 0.74 Fuels and mining products 2007 0.08 0.89 0.01 0.13 0.56 1.17 0.00 0.18 0.01 0.11 0.08 0.06 6.77 17.85

2008 0.13 0.89 0.01 0.15 0.90 1.65 0.01 0.28 0.01 0.18 0.02 0.05 6.45 19.71 Ores and other minerals 2007 0.02 0.20 0.00 0.03 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.05 0.76 0.54

2008 0.02 0.32 0.00 0.02 0.25 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.03 0.81 0.65 Fuels 2007 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.84 11.00

2008 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.12 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.06 13.95 Non-ferrous metals 2007 0.06 0.54 0.01 0.02 0.42 1.02 0.00 0.09 0.01 0.04 0.07 0.01 5.17 6.31

2008 0.11 0.45 0.01 0.00 0.65 1.39 0.00 0.12 0.01 0.08 0.01 0.02 4.59 5.11 Manufactures 2007 51.90 16.75 3.53 1.17 48.80 27.90 1.17 0.20 2.04 0.72 4.94 3.90 218.66 282.97 2008 51.04 17.72 3.99 1.00 52.37 31.16 1.42 0.31 2.28 0.84 5.59 4.30 231.22 293.58

Iron and steel 2007 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.38 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 2.54 3.61 2008 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.25 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 2.36 3.57

Chemicals 2007 0.22 2.24 0.02 0.05 0.15 3.91 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.56 16.58 14.60 2008 0.28 2.51 0.03 0.05 0.20 4.27 0.01 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.50 16.83 14.56

Pharmaceuticals 2007 0.02 0.14 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.17 0.44 2008 0.02 0.16 0.01 0.01 0.01 1.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.48 0.47

Other chemicals 2007 0.21 2.09 0.01 0.04 0.14 2.95 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.56 15.41 14.16 2008 0.26 2.35 0.02 0.04 0.19 3.16 0.01 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.50 15.35 14.08

Other semi-manufactures 2007 2.75 1.76 0.08 0.46 2.80 3.78 0.06 0.09 0.08 0.29 1.41 2.15 10.92 15.40 2008 2.66 2.01 0.08 0.39 3.06 4.00 0.05 0.11 0.09 0.46 1.87 2.46 12.49 16.34

Machinery and transport equipment 2007 18.32 9.48 1.94 0.61 20.08 10.85 0.58 0.04 0.94 0.35 2.03 0.95 145.46 175.46 2008 18.83 9.90 2.28 0.50 20.90 12.11 0.78 0.05 1.21 0.28 2.05 0.96 156.99 183.82

Office and telecom equipment 2007 12.56 6.29 1.55 0.53 13.74 3.89 0.51 0.03 0.70 0.25 1.29 0.32 106.05 130.88 2008 12.85 6.37 1.80 0.44 14.20 4.24 0.66 0.03 0.97 0.19 1.46 0.40 114.63 136.49

EDP and office equipment 2007 3.12 1.93 0.28 0.07 3.29 1.03 0.18 0.00 0.12 0.01 0.42 0.04 27.31 30.04 2008 3.20 2.00 0.30 0.09 3.10 1.01 0.17 0.00 0.13 0.01 0.50 0.06 29.66 32.16

Telecommunications equipment 2007 8.32 1.22 1.09 0.04 9.33 1.39 0.30 0.01 0.56 0.03 0.82 0.24 34.29 45.34 2008 8.38 1.53 1.25 0.04 10.02 1.72 0.47 0.02 0.81 0.01 0.91 0.25 37.08 47.50

Integrated circuits 2007 1.13 3.14 0.18 0.42 1.12 1.48 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.21 0.06 0.04 44.44 55.50 2008 1.26 2.83 0.25 0.32 1.07 1.51 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.17 0.05 0.10 47.88 56.83

Transport equipment 2007 0.24 0.93 0.01 0.00 0.24 1.85 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.13 1.89 2.35 2008 0.33 1.03 0.01 0.00 0.18 1.92 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.17 2.20 2.19

Automotive products 2007 0.11 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.06 1.30 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.12 1.27 1.16 2008 0.08 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.05 1.58 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.15 1.61 1.30

Other transport equipment 2007 0.13 0.75 0.01 0.00 0.18 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.62 1.20 2008 0.25 0.70 0.01 0.00 0.13 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.59 0.90

Other machinery 2007 5.52 2.26 0.38 0.08 6.10 5.11 0.08 0.01 0.23 0.07 0.72 0.50 37.53 42.22 2008 5.65 2.50 0.46 0.06 6.52 5.95 0.11 0.01 0.22 0.06 0.58 0.39 40.16 45.13

Power generating machinery 2007 0.34 0.35 0.02 0.00 0.52 1.25 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.44 0.40 2.77 3.11 2008 0.62 0.58 0.02 0.00 0.91 2.09 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.04 0.26 0.25 3.63 3.72

Non-electrical machinery 2007 0.75 0.62 0.08 0.01 0.73 2.07 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.08 0.02 8.34 8.26 2008 0.64 0.61 0.07 0.00 0.65 2.01 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.01 0.09 0.03 8.45 8.32

Electrical machinery 2007 4.43 1.29 0.27 0.07 4.85 1.80 0.06 0.01 0.11 0.01 0.20 0.08 26.42 30.85 2008 4.40 1.31 0.37 0.05 4.96 1.84 0.10 0.01 0.11 0.01 0.23 0.12 28.07 33.09

Textiles 2007 0.31 0.23 0.16 0.01 0.20 1.16 0.01 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.19 0.01 12.26 12.14 2008 0.25 0.23 0.11 0.01 0.21 1.07 0.01 0.00 0.23 0.00 0.15 0.01 11.30 11.00

Clothing 2007 11.86 0.09 0.31 0.01 10.12 1.11 0.10 0.00 0.28 0.01 0.41 0.00 5.67 17.93 2008 10.99 0.10 0.31 0.01 10.58 1.34 0.12 0.00 0.28 0.01 0.44 0.00 5.17 17.07

Other manufactures 2007 18.41 2.91 1.01 0.03 15.43 6.71 0.41 0.02 0.42 0.01 0.86 0.22 25.24 43.83 2008 18.01 2.93 1.17 0.03 17.42 8.11 0.46 0.03 0.43 0.01 1.02 0.36 26.09 47.22

Personal and household goods 2007 5.06 0.12 0.26 0.02 2.98 1.29 0.05 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.12 0.00 3.29 8.79 2008 4.87 0.13 0.29 0.02 3.15 1.70 0.06 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.14 0.00 3.58 8.73

Scientific and controlling 2007 0.73 0.80 0.02 0.00 0.80 0.81 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.06 4.80 5.81 instruments 2008 0.86 0.85 0.03 0.00 0.81 0.93 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.05 5.22 6.50 Miscellaneous manufactures 2007 12.62 1.99 0.73 0.01 11.65 4.61 0.27 0.02 0.31 0.01 0.71 0.16 17.15 29.23

2008 12.29 1.96 0.85 0.01 13.46 5.49 0.36 0.03 0.34 0.01 0.85 0.31 17.29 31.99 Total merchandise a 2007 52.35 19.76 3.55 2.74 51.73 31.37 1.17 0.42 2.08 1.42 5.08 4.20 233.28 310.21

2008 51.49 21.76 4.02 3.15 55.48 36.78 1.44 0.61 2.32 1.49 5.86 4.58 249.49 324.58

AsiaEurope CIS Africa Middle EastNorth AmericaSouth & Central

America

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Hong Kong, China

221

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A23 (continued)

(Billion dollars)

exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp

Agricultural products 2007 3.28 2.83 0.13 2.01 0.17 1.57 0.08 0.79 0.12 0.25 0.28 0.23 5.48 13.43 2008 4.16 3.23 0.13 2.76 0.19 2.15 0.09 0.84 0.13 0.34 0.63 0.25 6.74 16.50

Food 2007 1.78 2.62 0.10 1.38 0.16 1.12 0.05 0.67 0.11 0.23 0.26 0.16 3.78 11.19 2008 2.53 3.02 0.11 1.99 0.17 1.72 0.05 0.71 0.12 0.31 0.61 0.18 4.91 14.12

Fish 2007 0.17 0.26 0.00 0.07 0.05 0.09 0.02 0.37 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.40 2.22 2008 0.18 0.33 0.00 0.07 0.05 0.11 0.02 0.35 0.02 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.41 2.41

Other food products 2007 1.61 2.36 0.10 1.31 0.11 1.03 0.03 0.30 0.09 0.19 0.23 0.10 3.38 8.97 2008 2.36 2.69 0.11 1.92 0.12 1.60 0.03 0.36 0.11 0.26 0.59 0.12 4.50 11.71

Raw materials 2007 1.50 0.21 0.03 0.63 0.02 0.45 0.03 0.12 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.07 1.70 2.24 2008 1.63 0.21 0.02 0.77 0.02 0.43 0.04 0.12 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.07 1.83 2.38

Fuels and mining products 2007 5.37 5.88 0.45 0.53 0.08 0.48 0.12 1.17 0.04 5.57 0.36 1.08 7.51 20.39 2008 4.79 6.64 0.46 0.68 0.10 0.61 0.16 2.11 0.09 4.65 0.49 0.71 7.52 22.90

Ores and other minerals 2007 0.43 0.22 0.05 0.13 0.02 0.18 0.03 0.13 0.00 0.02 0.21 0.01 0.92 1.03 2008 0.42 0.24 0.03 0.23 0.02 0.30 0.03 0.24 0.00 0.01 0.27 0.01 1.07 1.36

Fuels 2007 0.63 2.53 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.24 0.00 5.42 0.01 0.55 0.85 11.34 2008 0.76 3.87 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.12 0.00 1.08 0.06 4.50 0.01 0.26 1.07 14.37

Non-ferrous metals 2007 4.31 3.12 0.40 0.37 0.05 0.16 0.09 0.80 0.03 0.12 0.14 0.52 5.75 8.03 2008 3.61 2.53 0.42 0.42 0.08 0.19 0.13 0.79 0.03 0.14 0.21 0.44 5.38 7.17

Manufactures 2007 158.95 161.68 46.00 23.65 46.99 15.85 15.11 34.86 6.30 19.13 6.14 24.97 331.16 333.62 2008 166.94 171.25 48.97 25.87 45.88 16.72 15.28 35.25 6.87 20.03 5.93 23.70 348.03 348.93

Iron and steel 2007 2.23 1.27 0.02 0.37 0.02 0.04 0.00 1.07 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.63 2.60 4.08 2008 2.03 1.32 0.02 0.23 0.01 0.03 0.00 1.14 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.57 2.40 3.98

Chemicals 2007 14.50 3.52 0.14 3.42 0.20 2.05 0.20 3.46 0.17 1.24 0.21 2.71 17.07 21.42 2008 14.60 3.64 0.18 3.67 0.24 2.28 0.19 3.50 0.19 1.17 0.23 2.63 17.43 21.99

Pharmaceuticals 2007 0.52 0.15 0.01 0.79 0.01 0.13 0.10 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.02 1.20 1.55 2008 0.78 0.17 0.01 0.87 0.01 0.14 0.07 0.07 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.02 1.52 1.76

Other chemicals 2007 13.98 3.36 0.13 2.63 0.19 1.93 0.10 3.40 0.16 1.19 0.20 2.69 15.86 19.86 2008 13.83 3.47 0.17 2.81 0.23 2.14 0.12 3.43 0.18 1.12 0.22 2.61 15.91 20.23

Other semi-manufactures 2007 6.43 6.81 2.54 3.56 2.57 1.67 0.62 1.26 0.18 0.23 0.12 0.44 18.10 23.94 2008 6.19 6.57 2.76 3.77 2.49 1.89 0.63 1.37 0.21 0.25 0.12 0.46 20.30 25.77

Machinery and transport equipment 2007 110.99 90.04 19.39 10.25 16.13 8.98 8.02 23.11 4.63 16.86 4.37 18.40 189.39 197.74 2008 120.16 98.11 19.94 11.31 16.32 9.39 8.31 23.41 5.24 17.77 4.28 17.44 203.08 207.62

Office and telecom equipment 2007 81.14 61.40 13.36 3.64 11.05 5.95 5.32 14.03 3.30 15.08 3.58 16.40 136.41 142.19 2008 88.42 67.26 13.75 3.90 11.12 6.02 5.56 14.30 3.39 15.80 3.41 15.51 146.58 148.17

EDP and office equipment 2007 21.00 18.54 3.15 1.01 2.78 1.82 1.33 3.30 0.82 1.67 0.56 1.84 34.72 33.11 2008 23.05 20.81 2.99 0.99 2.76 1.86 1.31 3.34 0.83 1.77 0.58 1.33 37.07 35.32

Telecommunications equipment 2007 23.23 32.35 9.13 1.34 7.35 1.09 3.36 4.45 1.23 1.80 0.68 2.15 54.72 48.27 2008 24.68 34.26 9.75 1.65 7.27 1.39 3.61 4.84 1.25 1.60 0.67 1.85 58.93 51.08

Integrated circuits 2007 36.91 10.51 1.07 1.28 0.92 3.03 0.63 6.27 1.25 11.60 2.34 12.42 46.97 60.81 2008 40.69 12.19 1.01 1.26 1.09 2.77 0.64 6.12 1.30 12.43 2.16 12.34 50.58 61.77

Transport equipment 2007 1.15 0.71 0.20 1.81 0.23 0.91 0.17 1.08 0.13 0.31 0.05 0.08 2.43 5.30 2008 1.48 0.61 0.18 1.90 0.32 1.02 0.13 1.20 0.08 0.16 0.05 0.06 2.79 5.35

Automotive products 2007 0.95 0.15 0.06 1.30 0.11 0.18 0.03 0.85 0.03 0.09 0.01 0.01 1.46 2.80 2008 1.23 0.18 0.05 1.58 0.08 0.33 0.04 0.97 0.03 0.09 0.01 0.01 1.76 3.41

Other transport equipment 2007 0.21 0.56 0.14 0.51 0.12 0.74 0.13 0.23 0.09 0.23 0.04 0.07 0.97 2.50 2008 0.25 0.44 0.13 0.32 0.24 0.69 0.09 0.23 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.05 1.03 1.94

Other machinery 2007 28.70 27.93 5.83 4.81 4.85 2.11 2.53 8.00 1.20 1.47 0.74 1.91 50.55 50.25 2008 30.26 30.23 6.00 5.51 4.88 2.35 2.62 7.91 1.77 1.81 0.82 1.87 53.70 54.10

Power generating machinery 2007 1.80 1.91 0.49 1.18 0.31 0.33 0.19 0.37 0.27 0.31 0.03 0.10 4.16 5.17 2008 1.99 2.08 0.66 1.89 0.54 0.55 0.24 0.35 0.80 0.70 0.08 0.14 5.50 6.68

Non-electrical machinery 2007 6.93 3.56 0.69 1.91 0.65 0.57 0.33 3.21 0.22 0.47 0.14 0.42 10.04 10.98 2008 7.00 3.69 0.61 1.87 0.56 0.57 0.31 3.19 0.23 0.46 0.15 0.34 9.98 10.98

Electrical machinery 2007 19.96 22.46 4.65 1.72 3.89 1.21 2.01 4.42 0.71 0.69 0.57 1.39 36.35 34.10 2008 21.28 24.47 4.74 1.75 3.79 1.23 2.07 4.37 0.74 0.64 0.59 1.38 38.22 36.44

Textiles 2007 9.42 8.25 0.18 1.07 0.26 0.21 0.06 0.63 0.03 0.04 0.03 1.33 13.42 13.56 2008 8.57 7.63 0.19 0.99 0.21 0.21 0.05 0.59 0.03 0.03 0.03 1.17 12.26 12.31

Clothing 2007 1.84 17.35 9.74 1.03 10.76 0.09 1.72 0.13 0.31 0.01 0.28 0.04 28.76 19.15 2008 1.40 16.47 10.18 1.24 9.94 0.10 1.64 0.14 0.28 0.01 0.26 0.04 27.91 18.55

Other manufactures 2007 13.54 34.44 13.99 3.95 17.04 2.81 4.50 5.19 0.98 0.70 1.10 1.42 61.82 53.74 2008 13.99 37.51 15.69 4.65 16.66 2.83 4.45 5.09 0.91 0.76 0.98 1.39 64.65 58.72

Personal and household goods 2007 0.65 8.44 2.86 1.08 4.67 0.12 1.24 0.07 0.12 0.02 0.22 0.05 11.86 10.23 2008 0.85 8.37 3.03 1.39 4.48 0.12 1.15 0.07 0.12 0.02 0.22 0.04 12.18 10.58

Scientific and controlling 2007 3.73 4.33 0.78 0.74 0.68 0.76 0.37 0.90 0.08 0.12 0.14 0.21 6.49 7.49 instruments 2008 4.11 5.03 0.78 0.86 0.77 0.81 0.44 0.89 0.08 0.11 0.12 0.20 7.00 8.33 Miscellaneous manufactures 2007 9.16 21.67 10.35 2.12 11.70 1.93 2.89 4.23 0.78 0.56 0.74 1.15 43.47 36.03

2008 9.03 24.11 11.89 2.40 11.41 1.89 2.86 4.14 0.71 0.64 0.63 1.15 45.48 39.80 Total merchandise a 2007 168.60 170.56 47.59 26.28 47.32 17.98 15.34 37.35 6.50 25.39 7.13 26.51 349.39 370.13

2008 178.62 181.23 50.76 29.93 46.22 19.64 15.61 39.18 7.27 25.17 7.32 24.72 370.24 392.96

EU (27) United States Japan Singapore

Note: For sources and methods, see the Metadata.

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Hong Kong, China

a Includes unspecified products.b Includes unspecified destinations and origins.

China Taipei, Chinese World b

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Table A24

(Billion dollars)

dom.exp re-exp. dom.exp re-exp. dom.exp re-exp. dom.exp re-exp. dom.exp re-exp. dom.exp re-exp. dom.exp re-exp.

Agricultural products 2007 0.05 0.19 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.55 4.51 2008 0.05 0.20 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.59 5.70

Food 2007 0.05 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.38 3.05 2008 0.05 0.17 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.38 4.13

Fish 2007 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.33 2008 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.33

Other food products 2007 0.05 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.37 2.72 2008 0.05 0.10 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.37 3.80

Raw materials 2007 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.17 1.46 2008 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 1.57 Fuels and mining products 2007 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.90 5.87

2008 0.03 0.09 0.01 0.00 0.14 0.77 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 1.04 5.41 Ores and other minerals 2007 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.45 0.31

2008 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.51 0.29 Fuels 2007 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.57

2008 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.74 Non-ferrous metals 2007 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.17 5.00

2008 0.02 0.09 0.01 0.00 0.11 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.21 4.38 Manufactures 2007 3.20 48.70 0.06 3.47 2.28 46.52 0.02 1.15 0.07 1.98 0.09 4.85 6.54 212.12 2008 2.52 48.52 0.07 3.92 1.32 51.05 0.01 1.41 0.05 2.23 0.13 5.45 5.54 225.68

Iron and steel 2007 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 2.44 2008 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 2.28

Chemicals 2007 0.02 0.21 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.15 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.04 1.34 15.24 2008 0.02 0.26 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.19 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.05 1.38 15.44

Pharmaceuticals 2007 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.95 2008 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25 1.22

Other chemicals 2007 0.01 0.20 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.14 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.04 1.13 14.28 2008 0.01 0.25 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.18 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.04 1.13 14.22

Other semi-manufactures 2007 0.02 2.74 0.00 0.08 0.01 2.79 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.08 0.00 1.41 0.17 10.74 2008 0.02 2.64 0.00 0.08 0.02 3.03 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.08 0.00 1.87 0.13 12.36

Machinery and transport equipment 2007 0.39 17.93 0.02 1.92 0.39 19.69 0.00 0.58 0.01 0.93 0.02 2.01 1.98 143.48 2008 0.44 18.40 0.03 2.25 0.36 20.54 0.00 0.77 0.01 1.20 0.01 2.03 1.78 155.21

Office and telecom equipment 2007 0.28 12.28 0.01 1.54 0.34 13.40 0.00 0.51 0.01 0.69 0.01 1.28 1.36 104.69 2008 0.35 12.50 0.02 1.78 0.32 13.87 0.00 0.66 0.01 0.96 0.01 1.45 1.10 113.53

EDP and office equipment 2007 0.02 3.10 0.00 0.28 0.03 3.25 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.42 0.31 26.99 2008 0.02 3.18 0.01 0.29 0.02 3.08 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.49 0.16 29.51

Telecommunications equipment 2007 0.24 8.08 0.01 1.08 0.24 9.10 0.00 0.30 0.00 0.56 0.00 0.82 0.52 33.77 2008 0.30 8.08 0.01 1.24 0.27 9.75 0.00 0.47 0.01 0.80 0.00 0.91 0.53 36.55

Integrated circuits 2007 0.02 1.11 0.00 0.18 0.07 1.05 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.52 43.92 2008 0.02 1.24 0.00 0.25 0.03 1.04 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.42 47.47

Transport equipment 2007 0.02 0.22 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 1.89 2008 0.01 0.32 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 2.20

Automotive products 2007 0.02 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.27 2008 0.01 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.61

Other transport equipment 2007 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.62 2008 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.59

Other machinery 2007 0.09 5.44 0.00 0.37 0.05 6.06 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.22 0.01 0.71 0.62 36.91 2008 0.07 5.58 0.01 0.46 0.03 6.48 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.22 0.01 0.57 0.68 39.48

Power generating machinery 2007 0.00 0.34 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.52 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.44 0.01 2.76 2008 0.00 0.62 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.26 0.00 3.63

Non-electrical machinery 2007 0.01 0.74 0.00 0.08 0.01 0.72 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.08 0.29 8.04 2008 0.02 0.63 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.64 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.08 0.35 8.10

Electrical machinery 2007 0.07 4.36 0.00 0.27 0.04 4.82 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.11 0.01 0.19 0.32 26.10 2008 0.06 4.34 0.00 0.37 0.02 4.93 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.11 0.01 0.22 0.32 27.75

Textiles 2007 0.01 0.30 0.00 0.16 0.01 0.19 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.27 0.00 0.19 0.42 11.84 2008 0.01 0.24 0.00 0.11 0.01 0.20 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.22 0.00 0.15 0.37 10.93

Clothing 2007 2.08 9.77 0.01 0.30 1.40 8.72 0.00 0.10 0.02 0.26 0.00 0.41 1.47 4.20 2008 1.52 9.48 0.01 0.30 0.44 10.14 0.00 0.12 0.01 0.27 0.00 0.44 0.89 4.29

Other manufactures 2007 0.66 17.75 0.02 0.99 0.46 14.96 0.01 0.40 0.02 0.40 0.06 0.79 1.06 24.18 2008 0.52 17.50 0.02 1.15 0.49 16.93 0.01 0.45 0.02 0.41 0.11 0.92 0.92 25.17

Personal and household goods 2007 0.00 5.06 0.00 0.26 0.00 2.97 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.12 0.00 3.28 2008 0.00 4.86 0.00 0.29 0.00 3.15 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.14 0.00 3.57

Scientific and controlling 2007 0.01 0.73 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.80 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.12 4.68 instruments 2008 0.01 0.85 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.80 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.07 5.15 Miscellaneous manufactures 2007 0.65 11.97 0.02 0.70 0.45 11.19 0.01 0.26 0.02 0.29 0.06 0.65 0.93 16.22

2008 0.50 11.78 0.02 0.83 0.48 12.98 0.01 0.35 0.02 0.32 0.11 0.74 0.84 16.45 Total merchandise a 2007 3.39 48.96 0.07 3.48 4.45 47.28 0.02 1.16 0.09 2.00 0.14 4.94 9.93 223.35

2008 2.61 48.87 0.08 3.93 3.22 52.25 0.02 1.43 0.07 2.25 0.35 5.51 10.57 238.92

North AmericaSouth & Central

America

Domestic exports and re-exports of merchandise by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Hong Kong, China

AsiaEurope CIS Africa Middle East

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Table A24 (continued)

(Billion dollars)

dom.exp re-exp. dom.exp re-exp. dom.exp re-exp. dom.exp re-exp. dom.exp re-exp. dom.exp re-exp. dom.exp re-exp.

Agricultural products 2007 0.27 3.01 0.03 0.10 0.04 0.13 0.01 0.06 0.01 0.27 0.06 0.06 0.66 4.83 2008 0.31 3.85 0.04 0.09 0.04 0.15 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.62 0.06 0.07 0.70 6.04

Food 2007 0.11 1.67 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.12 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.25 0.06 0.05 0.48 3.30 2008 0.11 2.42 0.04 0.07 0.04 0.13 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.61 0.06 0.06 0.49 4.42

Fish 2007 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.39 2008 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.41

Other food products 2007 0.11 1.50 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.07 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.22 0.06 0.03 0.48 2.90 2008 0.11 2.25 0.04 0.07 0.04 0.08 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.58 0.06 0.04 0.49 4.01

Raw materials 2007 0.16 1.34 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.17 1.53 2008 0.20 1.43 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.21 1.62

Fuels and mining products 2007 0.58 4.79 0.03 0.42 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.10 0.20 0.16 0.01 0.03 1.01 6.50 2008 0.64 4.16 0.11 0.35 0.03 0.07 0.03 0.13 0.26 0.23 0.01 0.07 1.23 6.29

Ores and other minerals 2007 0.20 0.23 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.19 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.49 0.43 2008 0.21 0.21 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.25 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.55 0.53

Fuels 2007 0.27 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.57 2008 0.31 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.32 0.74

Non-ferrous metals 2007 0.12 4.19 0.03 0.38 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.08 0.00 0.14 0.01 0.02 0.24 5.50 2008 0.12 3.49 0.10 0.32 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.11 0.00 0.20 0.01 0.01 0.36 5.02

Manufactures 2007 4.33 154.62 2.12 43.88 2.99 44.00 0.32 14.79 0.30 5.83 0.32 5.98 12.26 318.89 2008 3.50 163.44 1.12 47.85 2.35 43.53 0.25 15.03 0.22 5.70 0.31 6.56 9.65 338.38

Iron and steel 2007 0.01 2.22 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.12 2.47 2008 0.01 2.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.08 2.32

Chemicals 2007 1.10 13.40 0.01 0.13 0.01 0.19 0.01 0.19 0.01 0.20 0.07 0.10 1.37 15.69 2008 1.12 13.49 0.01 0.17 0.01 0.23 0.01 0.18 0.01 0.22 0.08 0.12 1.42 16.01

Pharmaceuticals 2007 0.18 0.34 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.22 0.98 2008 0.22 0.56 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.26 1.26

Other chemicals 2007 0.92 13.06 0.00 0.12 0.01 0.18 0.01 0.09 0.01 0.19 0.07 0.09 1.15 14.71 2008 0.90 12.93 0.01 0.17 0.01 0.22 0.01 0.11 0.01 0.21 0.08 0.10 1.16 14.75

Other semi-manufactures 2007 0.12 6.31 0.01 2.53 0.02 2.56 0.01 0.61 0.01 0.11 0.00 0.18 0.21 17.89 2008 0.08 6.11 0.01 2.75 0.02 2.47 0.00 0.63 0.01 0.11 0.00 0.21 0.18 20.12

Machinery and transport equipment 2007 1.09 109.89 0.38 19.01 0.32 15.81 0.15 7.87 0.09 4.28 0.15 4.48 2.81 186.59 2008 0.88 119.28 0.35 19.59 0.35 15.97 0.11 8.20 0.09 4.19 0.14 5.11 2.63 200.45

Office and telecom equipment 2007 0.67 80.47 0.34 13.02 0.22 10.83 0.13 5.19 0.04 3.54 0.14 3.16 2.01 134.40 2008 0.47 87.95 0.32 13.43 0.28 10.84 0.09 5.47 0.03 3.38 0.12 3.27 1.81 144.77

EDP and office equipment 2007 0.26 20.74 0.03 3.12 0.02 2.77 0.01 1.32 0.01 0.55 0.00 0.81 0.38 34.34 2008 0.11 22.93 0.02 2.97 0.01 2.74 0.01 1.31 0.00 0.58 0.00 0.83 0.21 36.86

Telecommunications equipment 2007 0.09 23.15 0.24 8.90 0.19 7.17 0.09 3.27 0.00 0.68 0.11 1.12 1.01 53.71 2008 0.09 24.59 0.27 9.48 0.24 7.03 0.07 3.54 0.00 0.67 0.11 1.14 1.13 57.81

Integrated circuits 2007 0.32 36.59 0.07 1.00 0.02 0.90 0.03 0.60 0.03 2.31 0.02 1.22 0.62 46.35 2008 0.26 40.43 0.03 0.98 0.02 1.07 0.01 0.63 0.03 2.13 0.01 1.29 0.48 50.10

Transport equipment 2007 0.00 1.15 0.00 0.20 0.02 0.20 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.13 0.02 2.41 2008 0.00 1.48 0.00 0.18 0.01 0.31 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.08 0.02 2.78

Automotive products 2007 0.00 0.95 0.00 0.06 0.02 0.08 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.02 1.44 2008 0.00 1.23 0.00 0.05 0.01 0.07 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.02 1.74

Other transport equipment 2007 0.00 0.21 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.97 2008 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.24 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.00 1.03

Other machinery 2007 0.43 28.27 0.04 5.79 0.08 4.77 0.02 2.51 0.05 0.69 0.01 1.19 0.77 49.78 2008 0.41 29.85 0.03 5.97 0.06 4.82 0.02 2.60 0.06 0.76 0.02 1.76 0.80 52.91

Power generating machinery 2007 0.01 1.79 0.00 0.49 0.00 0.30 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.27 0.01 4.15 2008 0.00 1.99 0.00 0.66 0.00 0.54 0.00 0.24 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.80 0.00 5.50

Non-electrical machinery 2007 0.18 6.76 0.01 0.68 0.01 0.64 0.01 0.33 0.04 0.10 0.01 0.21 0.32 9.72 2008 0.18 6.81 0.01 0.60 0.01 0.54 0.01 0.30 0.05 0.10 0.01 0.22 0.39 9.59

Electrical machinery 2007 0.24 19.72 0.04 4.62 0.06 3.82 0.01 2.00 0.01 0.56 0.00 0.71 0.44 35.91 2008 0.23 21.05 0.02 4.72 0.05 3.74 0.01 2.06 0.00 0.58 0.00 0.74 0.40 37.82

Textiles 2007 0.28 9.15 0.01 0.17 0.01 0.25 0.01 0.05 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.46 12.95 2008 0.25 8.31 0.01 0.18 0.01 0.21 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.40 11.86

Clothing 2007 1.31 0.53 1.37 8.37 1.97 8.79 0.02 1.70 0.11 0.18 0.01 0.30 4.98 23.78 2008 0.79 0.60 0.41 9.77 1.46 8.48 0.01 1.63 0.06 0.20 0.00 0.28 2.87 25.04

Other manufactures 2007 0.42 13.12 0.34 13.65 0.64 16.40 0.13 4.37 0.08 1.02 0.09 0.88 2.30 59.51 2008 0.37 13.62 0.33 15.36 0.50 16.16 0.11 4.34 0.06 0.91 0.09 0.82 2.08 62.57

Personal and household goods 2007 0.00 0.65 0.00 2.86 0.00 4.67 0.00 1.24 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.12 0.01 11.85 2008 0.00 0.85 0.00 3.03 0.00 4.47 0.00 1.15 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.12 0.01 12.17

Scientific and controlling 2007 0.06 3.67 0.01 0.77 0.01 0.67 0.01 0.37 0.03 0.11 0.00 0.08 0.14 6.35 instruments 2008 0.04 4.07 0.01 0.77 0.01 0.76 0.01 0.43 0.01 0.11 0.00 0.08 0.08 6.92 Miscellaneous manufactures 2007 0.36 8.80 0.33 10.03 0.63 11.07 0.13 2.77 0.05 0.69 0.09 0.69 2.15 41.31

2008 0.32 8.71 0.32 11.57 0.48 10.93 0.10 2.76 0.05 0.58 0.09 0.62 1.99 43.49 Total merchandise a 2007 5.61 163.00 3.16 44.44 3.11 44.20 0.38 14.96 0.81 6.31 0.42 6.08 18.11 331.28

2008 5.52 173.10 2.41 48.35 2.43 43.79 0.33 15.27 0.75 6.57 0.52 6.74 16.96 353.28

Note: It should be noted that China Customs Statistics record the country of origin for imports and the country of final destination for exports. However, if the country of final destination cannot be ascertained, exports are attributed to the last known country of dispatch (see China's Customs Statistics, December 2003). For sources and methods, see the Metadata.

Domestic exports and re-exports of merchandise by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Hong Kong, China

a Includes unspecified products.b Includes unspecified destinations and origins.

China Singapore World bEU (27) United States Japan Taipei, Chinese

224

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IX

Table A25

(Billion dollars)

exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp

Agricultural products 2007 0.98 22.62 0.04 5.30 0.69 8.87 0.05 2.13 0.17 1.47 0.16 0.16 5.45 28.39 2008 1.07 28.73 0.06 6.41 0.75 10.13 0.08 1.97 0.22 1.60 0.16 0.14 5.98 31.59

Food 2007 0.64 19.30 0.02 4.21 0.16 7.24 0.04 1.12 0.05 0.99 0.05 0.13 2.63 22.38 2008 0.72 25.29 0.03 5.11 0.19 8.70 0.05 1.33 0.08 1.10 0.07 0.12 2.81 24.44

Fish 2007 0.23 1.68 0.01 1.03 0.04 1.24 0.02 1.02 0.05 0.40 0.01 0.04 1.27 7.35 2008 0.26 2.02 0.01 1.14 0.03 1.54 0.02 1.28 0.06 0.45 0.02 0.04 1.19 7.54

Other food products 2007 0.41 17.63 0.01 3.19 0.12 6.00 0.02 0.09 0.00 0.58 0.04 0.09 1.36 15.03 2008 0.47 23.26 0.01 3.97 0.16 7.16 0.03 0.06 0.01 0.65 0.05 0.08 1.62 16.90

Raw materials 2007 0.34 3.32 0.02 1.09 0.53 1.63 0.01 1.01 0.12 0.49 0.10 0.02 2.82 6.02 2008 0.35 3.44 0.03 1.30 0.56 1.43 0.03 0.63 0.14 0.50 0.09 0.03 3.17 7.15 Fuels and mining products 2007 2.73 7.99 0.22 12.46 1.85 3.32 0.11 8.31 0.07 11.47 0.41 111.90 21.12 72.11

2008 2.02 10.74 1.01 13.79 2.53 4.57 0.13 10.85 0.04 17.25 0.42 165.53 31.49 104.79 Ores and other minerals 2007 0.11 3.64 0.00 10.24 0.27 0.53 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.85 0.01 0.13 4.61 17.60

2008 0.17 4.05 0.00 11.62 0.41 0.55 0.00 0.07 0.00 1.32 0.01 0.24 5.25 18.08 Fuels 2007 1.92 2.19 0.20 0.57 0.72 0.44 0.05 5.39 0.04 5.63 0.05 111.33 6.23 47.19

2008 1.09 4.31 0.99 0.47 1.17 1.01 0.07 7.95 0.01 10.39 0.13 164.84 15.32 78.80 Non-ferrous metals 2007 0.70 2.17 0.02 1.66 0.86 2.35 0.06 2.83 0.03 4.99 0.35 0.43 10.28 7.32

2008 0.77 2.38 0.02 1.70 0.95 3.00 0.05 2.83 0.02 5.55 0.28 0.46 10.92 7.91 Manufactures 2007 155.68 53.32 14.51 1.82 103.95 59.71 12.20 0.91 9.96 1.80 25.15 1.63 310.05 195.14 2008 149.39 53.68 17.83 2.28 107.99 63.83 18.96 1.71 11.67 2.00 32.77 1.84 343.11 215.30

Iron and steel 2007 2.98 0.20 0.46 0.62 1.40 0.50 0.21 0.68 0.50 0.59 1.95 0.00 26.90 5.76 2008 3.66 0.20 0.67 0.74 1.59 0.51 0.29 1.43 0.59 0.96 1.90 0.00 35.39 7.64

Chemicals 2007 8.31 11.11 0.58 0.62 7.95 17.87 0.10 0.12 0.29 0.15 0.49 0.89 47.47 14.76 2008 8.62 12.57 0.72 0.64 8.62 20.70 0.15 0.17 0.30 0.20 0.72 1.15 50.01 19.12

Pharmaceuticals 2007 1.16 2.00 0.07 0.00 1.19 6.40 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.72 0.73 2008 1.22 2.34 0.08 0.00 1.44 7.68 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.02 0.86 0.95

Other chemicals 2007 7.15 9.10 0.51 0.62 6.76 11.47 0.10 0.12 0.27 0.15 0.46 0.88 46.75 14.03 2008 7.40 10.22 0.64 0.63 7.17 13.02 0.14 0.17 0.28 0.20 0.68 1.13 49.15 18.17

Other semi-manufactures 2007 5.99 2.83 0.68 0.09 4.74 3.37 0.38 0.06 0.67 0.05 1.43 0.16 15.92 17.50 2008 5.94 2.91 0.88 0.10 5.11 3.35 0.60 0.06 0.58 0.04 1.75 0.17 18.30 18.82

Machinery and transport equipment 2007 125.81 28.93 12.22 0.35 79.38 23.58 11.33 0.01 8.21 0.90 20.32 0.22 185.32 96.71 2008 118.81 27.79 14.90 0.66 81.41 24.17 17.69 0.02 9.89 0.66 27.28 0.30 202.92 105.21

Office and telecom equipment 2007 21.95 9.00 0.75 0.23 20.15 2.75 0.29 0.01 0.25 0.01 0.89 0.10 58.91 57.69 2008 20.64 8.35 0.84 0.27 20.57 2.96 0.49 0.00 0.27 0.01 0.97 0.18 59.48 60.77

EDP and office equipment 2007 8.28 1.92 0.13 0.02 7.76 1.08 0.02 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.13 0.04 8.48 20.58 2008 8.24 1.73 0.13 0.04 7.61 1.11 0.06 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.18 0.05 8.21 21.55

Telecommunications equipment 2007 10.12 2.68 0.27 0.00 8.49 0.67 0.26 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.72 0.06 13.67 18.48 2008 8.83 2.43 0.33 0.00 8.64 0.69 0.43 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.74 0.06 15.02 20.94

Integrated circuits 2007 3.55 4.41 0.35 0.21 3.90 1.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.01 36.75 18.63 2008 3.57 4.19 0.38 0.22 4.32 1.16 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.06 0.08 36.24 18.28

Transport equipment 2007 75.04 7.64 8.98 0.04 34.62 10.47 9.47 0.01 6.36 0.84 13.92 0.00 39.56 6.31 2008 68.73 7.84 10.53 0.31 34.96 9.95 14.87 0.00 7.43 0.60 19.65 0.00 47.45 7.69

Automotive products 2007 65.56 1.70 6.56 0.01 27.49 8.87 9.30 0.00 6.00 0.84 13.51 0.00 30.21 3.93 2008 59.98 1.85 7.25 0.02 27.53 8.57 14.64 0.00 7.06 0.60 18.85 0.00 35.59 4.81

Other transport equipment 2007 9.48 5.94 2.42 0.03 7.13 1.59 0.17 0.01 0.36 0.00 0.41 0.00 9.34 2.38 2008 8.75 5.99 3.28 0.29 7.43 1.37 0.23 0.00 0.37 0.00 0.81 0.00 11.85 2.87

Other machinery 2007 28.83 12.29 2.49 0.08 24.61 10.36 1.57 0.00 1.60 0.05 5.51 0.12 86.86 32.72 2008 29.44 11.59 3.53 0.08 25.89 11.27 2.32 0.01 2.20 0.05 6.65 0.12 95.99 36.76

Power generating machinery 2007 2.83 4.31 0.18 0.00 1.76 1.15 0.03 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.56 0.01 4.88 1.84 2008 3.72 4.59 0.27 0.00 2.09 1.30 0.19 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.57 0.00 4.88 2.12

Non-electrical machinery 2007 18.99 5.21 1.80 0.05 16.80 6.83 1.40 0.00 1.28 0.04 3.94 0.04 52.31 11.89 2008 18.44 4.31 2.69 0.06 17.50 7.30 1.98 0.00 1.60 0.04 4.89 0.04 60.02 14.04

Electrical machinery 2007 7.00 2.77 0.51 0.02 6.05 2.39 0.14 0.00 0.23 0.00 1.01 0.07 29.67 18.98 2008 7.29 2.69 0.57 0.02 6.30 2.67 0.15 0.01 0.35 0.01 1.18 0.07 31.09 20.60

Textiles 2007 0.58 0.26 0.03 0.01 0.68 0.75 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.34 0.03 5.43 5.23 2008 0.57 0.27 0.03 0.02 0.73 0.77 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.43 0.02 5.51 5.82

Clothing 2007 0.10 0.24 0.00 0.04 0.13 1.74 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.01 0.28 21.89 2008 0.08 0.21 0.00 0.04 0.15 1.70 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.09 0.01 0.01 0.35 23.73

Other manufactures 2007 11.90 9.76 0.54 0.07 9.66 11.91 0.16 0.02 0.26 0.02 0.62 0.32 28.72 33.29 2008 11.70 9.73 0.62 0.08 10.38 12.63 0.22 0.03 0.25 0.03 0.69 0.20 30.63 34.94

Personal and household goods 2007 0.34 0.51 0.03 0.03 0.17 2.85 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.55 10.28 2008 0.41 0.46 0.03 0.04 0.22 2.88 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.69 11.23

Scientific and controlling 2007 4.94 5.46 0.31 0.02 3.99 3.29 0.10 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.24 0.24 10.70 5.35 instruments 2008 4.89 5.25 0.38 0.03 4.56 3.57 0.12 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.24 0.16 11.18 5.12 Miscellaneous manufactures 2007 6.63 3.79 0.20 0.02 5.51 5.77 0.06 0.01 0.12 0.01 0.37 0.07 17.48 17.66

2008 6.40 4.02 0.21 0.02 5.60 6.17 0.09 0.02 0.11 0.01 0.43 0.04 18.76 18.60 Total merchandise a 2007 166.43 85.56 14.99 19.64 112.88 72.78 12.52 11.53 10.32 14.77 26.20 113.75 361.53 304.14

2008 159.43 95.53 19.09 22.54 119.51 79.69 19.33 14.88 12.11 20.93 33.84 167.57 406.54 361.29

AsiaEurope CIS Africa Middle EastNorth AmericaSouth & Central

America

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Japan

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Table A25 (continued)

(Billion dollars)

exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp

Agricultural products 2007 1.78 8.85 0.91 17.15 0.64 7.86 0.72 1.34 0.77 0.97 0.06 5.32 7.57 68.96 2008 1.77 7.94 1.00 21.65 0.70 8.85 0.74 1.65 0.81 1.08 0.08 5.99 8.35 80.59

Food 2007 0.40 7.91 0.59 15.43 0.15 6.28 0.47 1.11 0.54 0.73 0.04 4.15 3.62 55.38 2008 0.34 6.98 0.67 19.87 0.18 7.49 0.45 1.30 0.57 0.77 0.05 4.62 3.98 66.11

Fish 2007 0.27 2.70 0.21 1.17 0.04 0.45 0.27 0.52 0.06 0.55 0.01 0.30 1.65 12.77 2008 0.20 2.41 0.24 1.50 0.03 0.65 0.22 0.63 0.06 0.57 0.01 0.30 1.62 14.03

Other food products 2007 0.13 5.20 0.38 14.26 0.11 5.83 0.20 0.58 0.48 0.18 0.03 3.86 1.98 42.61 2008 0.14 4.57 0.43 18.37 0.15 6.85 0.23 0.67 0.51 0.20 0.04 4.32 2.36 52.08

Raw materials 2007 1.38 0.94 0.32 1.72 0.49 1.59 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.24 0.02 1.17 3.94 13.58 2008 1.43 0.96 0.33 1.78 0.52 1.36 0.30 0.35 0.24 0.31 0.03 1.37 4.37 14.48

Fuels and mining products 2007 7.74 5.47 2.53 3.96 1.54 2.49 3.96 4.33 2.53 0.79 0.48 24.86 26.58 227.61 2008 11.54 7.50 1.62 5.45 1.80 3.36 4.72 5.24 2.28 0.88 2.01 40.37 37.65 327.54

Ores and other minerals 2007 2.51 0.78 0.11 1.83 0.22 0.47 1.56 0.45 0.25 0.38 0.01 7.15 5.00 33.07 2008 2.92 1.13 0.16 2.22 0.19 0.51 1.70 0.48 0.25 0.38 0.01 9.28 5.85 35.93

Fuels 2007 1.88 2.80 1.75 1.04 0.72 0.38 1.13 2.93 0.32 0.16 0.42 15.49 9.28 172.78 2008 4.73 4.36 0.73 2.01 1.13 0.67 1.63 3.70 0.27 0.21 1.96 28.77 18.78 267.78

Non-ferrous metals 2007 3.35 1.89 0.67 1.09 0.61 1.64 1.26 0.95 1.96 0.25 0.05 2.23 12.30 21.75 2008 3.88 2.01 0.73 1.22 0.47 2.17 1.38 1.05 1.76 0.29 0.04 2.33 13.02 23.83

Manufactures 2007 92.74 112.13 135.96 49.79 98.12 54.07 46.88 20.87 38.72 16.19 12.77 0.89 640.87 314.33 2008 104.10 126.10 129.62 49.62 101.39 57.22 51.45 21.73 39.98 17.45 14.56 1.10 693.24 340.69

Iron and steel 2007 6.52 1.88 1.92 0.18 1.04 0.47 7.16 2.47 2.68 0.61 0.51 0.07 34.40 8.35 2008 8.32 2.96 2.32 0.19 1.28 0.46 9.34 3.00 3.41 0.71 0.74 0.16 44.11 11.48

Chemicals 2007 15.26 6.57 7.97 10.58 7.34 15.65 10.66 2.18 8.73 1.44 0.49 0.25 65.19 45.52 2008 15.60 8.29 8.26 11.74 7.90 17.86 11.57 3.03 8.99 1.92 0.56 0.35 69.14 54.54

Pharmaceuticals 2007 0.19 0.40 1.14 1.95 1.02 5.38 0.23 0.12 0.09 0.04 0.01 0.05 3.19 9.15 2008 0.27 0.50 1.20 2.26 1.20 6.46 0.26 0.13 0.11 0.04 0.01 0.08 3.66 11.00

Other chemicals 2007 15.07 6.18 6.83 8.63 6.33 10.27 10.44 2.06 8.63 1.41 0.48 0.21 62.00 36.38 2008 15.34 7.79 7.06 9.48 6.70 11.40 11.31 2.90 8.88 1.88 0.55 0.26 65.47 43.54

Other semi-manufactures 2007 3.91 8.51 5.25 2.67 4.49 3.24 2.80 1.44 2.14 0.95 0.74 0.23 29.83 24.07 2008 4.71 9.46 5.13 2.76 4.78 3.23 3.04 1.66 2.44 1.08 0.80 0.24 33.17 25.45

Machinery and transport equipment 2007 55.68 49.02 109.39 26.99 75.18 22.64 20.99 11.77 20.38 10.71 10.52 0.22 451.95 150.71 2008 62.66 55.90 102.87 25.78 76.60 23.12 22.26 11.84 21.07 10.91 11.88 0.22 484.40 158.86

Office and telecom equipment 2007 18.36 27.13 18.61 8.13 19.79 2.68 5.84 8.11 5.97 8.27 1.00 0.02 103.19 69.79 2008 19.04 30.54 18.01 7.40 20.26 2.89 5.47 7.47 6.85 8.24 0.93 0.02 103.26 72.55

EDP and office equipment 2007 2.83 14.28 7.78 1.66 7.71 1.05 0.70 1.01 0.32 0.96 0.30 0.01 24.88 23.64 2008 2.69 15.53 7.73 1.41 7.57 1.09 0.50 0.64 0.25 0.96 0.31 0.01 24.49 24.47

Telecommunications equipment 2007 5.40 10.62 7.60 2.28 8.20 0.64 0.90 2.25 0.52 0.93 0.65 0.01 33.70 21.89 2008 6.29 12.51 7.04 1.97 8.40 0.65 1.23 2.34 0.53 0.81 0.56 0.01 34.17 24.14

Integrated circuits 2007 10.13 2.23 3.23 4.19 3.87 0.99 4.24 4.85 5.13 6.37 0.05 0.00 44.62 24.27 2008 10.05 2.50 3.23 4.03 4.29 1.15 3.75 4.49 6.07 6.47 0.06 0.00 44.61 23.94

Transport equipment 2007 9.05 3.01 65.11 7.02 32.18 10.40 2.37 0.68 2.07 0.57 7.64 0.13 197.28 25.31 2008 11.85 3.72 59.03 7.29 32.03 9.88 2.68 0.82 2.09 0.67 8.69 0.14 215.10 26.44

Automotive products 2007 7.46 1.68 56.57 1.32 25.25 8.85 1.70 0.49 1.38 0.22 7.14 0.05 158.76 15.36 2008 9.65 2.10 51.24 1.45 25.01 8.55 1.85 0.54 1.15 0.26 8.18 0.05 171.01 15.86

Other transport equipment 2007 1.59 1.33 8.55 5.70 6.93 1.55 0.67 0.19 0.69 0.35 0.50 0.09 38.52 9.95 2008 2.20 1.62 7.79 5.84 7.02 1.33 0.83 0.28 0.95 0.41 0.51 0.09 44.09 10.58

Other machinery 2007 28.28 18.88 25.67 11.85 23.21 9.56 12.78 2.98 12.34 1.88 1.88 0.06 151.47 55.61 2008 31.77 21.64 25.83 11.08 24.31 10.35 14.11 3.54 12.13 2.00 2.27 0.06 166.04 59.87

Power generating machinery 2007 1.65 1.11 2.68 4.23 1.71 1.12 0.61 0.25 0.57 0.07 0.09 0.00 10.35 7.31 2008 1.70 1.32 3.34 4.48 2.02 1.26 0.78 0.30 0.37 0.07 0.19 0.00 11.97 8.01

Non-electrical machinery 2007 15.29 6.33 16.90 5.02 15.78 6.21 8.51 1.94 8.78 0.91 1.54 0.04 96.52 24.07 2008 18.11 7.63 16.32 4.10 16.33 6.60 9.51 2.37 8.87 1.01 1.78 0.04 107.13 25.79

Electrical machinery 2007 11.34 11.44 6.09 2.60 5.73 2.24 3.66 0.78 3.00 0.90 0.25 0.02 44.60 24.23 2008 11.95 12.68 6.17 2.50 5.95 2.49 3.81 0.87 2.88 0.92 0.30 0.02 46.93 26.07

Textiles 2007 3.01 3.44 0.54 0.25 0.63 0.69 0.35 0.32 0.21 0.36 0.02 0.01 7.11 6.30 2008 3.05 3.86 0.52 0.25 0.68 0.69 0.34 0.35 0.22 0.37 0.02 0.01 7.34 6.93

Clothing 2007 0.05 19.79 0.09 0.20 0.13 1.65 0.05 0.26 0.07 0.06 0.01 0.00 0.52 24.00 2008 0.07 21.35 0.08 0.18 0.14 1.60 0.06 0.23 0.08 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.59 25.79

Other manufactures 2007 8.30 22.90 10.79 8.91 9.31 9.73 4.87 2.44 4.50 2.06 0.47 0.11 51.88 55.38 2008 9.69 24.28 10.45 8.72 10.00 10.26 4.84 1.63 3.78 2.39 0.55 0.13 54.50 57.64

Personal and household goods 2007 0.22 8.19 0.26 0.23 0.15 2.79 0.04 0.08 0.05 0.29 0.01 0.00 1.11 13.69 2008 0.28 9.04 0.30 0.22 0.19 2.82 0.06 0.08 0.05 0.31 0.02 0.00 1.40 14.63

Scientific and controlling 2007 3.65 2.08 4.50 5.05 3.85 3.06 2.00 1.66 1.65 0.32 0.14 0.07 20.40 14.36 instruments 2008 4.26 2.27 4.46 4.78 4.42 3.32 1.83 0.83 1.20 0.51 0.15 0.10 21.51 14.13 Miscellaneous manufactures 2007 4.43 12.63 6.02 3.62 5.31 3.87 2.82 0.70 2.80 1.46 0.32 0.04 30.37 27.33

2008 5.15 12.97 5.69 3.72 5.39 4.12 2.95 0.72 2.53 1.58 0.39 0.03 31.59 28.88 Total merchandise a 2007 109.27 127.92 145.62 72.41 105.66 65.21 54.33 27.31 44.89 19.86 14.20 31.25 714.33 622.24

2008 124.90 143.23 138.70 78.94 110.42 70.44 59.49 29.48 46.12 21.81 17.30 47.53 781.41 762.53

United States EU (27) Rep. of Korea Taipei, Chinese

Note: For sources and methods, see the Metadata.

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Japan

a Includes unspecified products.b Includes unspecified destinations and origins.

China Australia World b

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Table A26

(Billion dollars)

exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp

Agricultural products 2007 0.57 4.13 0.11 0.67 0.36 1.21 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.18 0.19 0.02 3.21 4.58 2008 0.64 4.75 0.11 0.74 0.42 1.37 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.16 0.16 0.03 3.52 5.43

Food 2007 0.33 3.14 0.03 0.42 0.07 0.94 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.02 1.47 2.89 2008 0.38 3.82 0.04 0.47 0.07 1.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.03 1.87 3.72

Fish 2007 0.17 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.90 0.25 2008 0.18 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.07 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.00 1.15 0.39

Other food products 2007 0.17 3.09 0.01 0.39 0.03 0.88 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.57 2.63 2008 0.20 3.76 0.01 0.42 0.04 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.72 3.33

Raw materials 2007 0.23 0.99 0.08 0.25 0.29 0.27 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.13 0.16 0.00 1.74 1.70 2008 0.26 0.94 0.07 0.27 0.35 0.34 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.11 0.12 0.01 1.65 1.71 Fuels and mining products 2007 0.79 2.64 0.27 2.74 0.59 2.13 0.00 0.90 0.14 5.32 0.15 25.65 15.46 22.76

2008 0.49 3.53 0.81 3.40 1.13 2.13 0.00 1.35 0.16 6.89 0.19 36.23 18.70 26.84 Ores and other minerals 2007 0.00 1.67 0.00 0.77 0.02 0.85 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.17 0.86 3.41

2008 0.01 2.26 0.00 0.97 0.16 0.94 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.25 0.93 3.61 Fuels 2007 0.68 0.36 0.26 0.04 0.46 0.62 0.00 0.21 0.13 4.65 0.14 25.07 9.62 12.58

2008 0.38 0.81 0.79 0.13 0.85 0.60 0.00 1.05 0.15 6.29 0.16 35.57 12.99 17.15 Non-ferrous metals 2007 0.11 0.62 0.01 1.92 0.11 0.65 0.00 0.49 0.01 0.50 0.01 0.41 4.97 6.77

2008 0.10 0.46 0.01 2.29 0.13 0.60 0.00 0.21 0.01 0.35 0.03 0.42 4.78 6.08 Manufactures 2007 33.84 21.53 3.52 0.83 28.03 18.20 1.03 1.28 1.90 0.65 3.67 1.82 148.43 95.91 2008 33.05 19.78 4.25 1.50 28.23 17.74 1.20 1.91 2.13 0.87 4.03 2.12 148.84 95.73

Iron and steel 2007 1.52 0.16 0.25 0.40 1.55 0.67 0.08 0.85 0.11 0.48 0.59 0.00 8.12 6.64 2008 1.49 0.33 0.37 1.07 1.30 0.79 0.07 1.46 0.17 0.71 0.65 0.03 8.64 7.37

Chemicals 2007 1.21 4.50 0.59 0.08 1.44 4.53 0.14 0.36 0.33 0.07 0.76 1.31 24.07 17.87 2008 1.45 4.52 0.77 0.06 1.57 4.84 0.18 0.38 0.41 0.07 0.91 1.67 25.81 18.79

Pharmaceuticals 2007 0.02 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.02 1.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.31 2008 0.02 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.02 1.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.33

Other chemicals 2007 1.19 4.18 0.59 0.07 1.42 3.52 0.14 0.36 0.33 0.07 0.76 1.31 23.87 17.56 2008 1.43 4.16 0.77 0.06 1.55 3.77 0.18 0.38 0.41 0.07 0.91 1.67 25.66 18.46

Other semi-manufactures 2007 4.66 1.08 0.28 0.10 2.77 0.97 0.14 0.03 0.24 0.01 0.31 0.03 6.22 5.23 2008 4.62 1.18 0.33 0.08 2.96 0.97 0.16 0.03 0.28 0.01 0.41 0.02 6.52 5.89

Machinery and transport equipment 2007 20.10 12.79 1.60 0.21 18.21 8.19 0.51 0.03 0.81 0.07 1.29 0.22 78.15 52.63 2008 19.76 11.46 1.97 0.25 19.00 7.87 0.60 0.03 0.86 0.06 1.41 0.27 74.40 50.90

Office and telecom equipment 2007 10.80 5.22 0.56 0.09 8.62 2.21 0.25 0.02 0.21 0.02 0.49 0.18 51.08 30.27 2008 9.82 5.72 0.63 0.09 9.24 2.02 0.22 0.02 0.21 0.02 0.46 0.23 49.15 28.41

EDP and office equipment 2007 3.04 0.33 0.16 0.00 3.42 0.18 0.21 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.27 0.01 5.49 4.57 2008 2.61 0.28 0.13 0.00 2.96 0.14 0.15 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.22 0.00 4.62 4.47

Telecommunications equipment 2007 5.89 0.36 0.19 0.01 2.85 0.30 0.04 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.19 0.01 2.70 3.73 2008 5.22 0.36 0.27 0.00 3.27 0.29 0.06 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.21 0.02 2.46 3.70

Integrated circuits 2007 1.87 4.53 0.21 0.08 2.35 1.73 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.15 42.89 21.97 2008 1.98 5.08 0.23 0.09 3.01 1.59 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.21 42.07 20.24

Transport equipment 2007 2.99 1.36 0.27 0.10 2.61 1.60 0.06 0.00 0.21 0.04 0.25 0.00 2.50 3.02 2008 3.11 0.77 0.32 0.12 2.96 1.11 0.09 0.00 0.22 0.03 0.27 0.00 2.53 3.09

Automotive products 2007 1.77 0.16 0.17 0.00 0.79 0.98 0.03 0.00 0.16 0.03 0.18 0.00 1.03 1.72 2008 1.71 0.13 0.19 0.00 0.87 0.78 0.05 0.00 0.16 0.02 0.20 0.00 1.00 1.51

Other transport equipment 2007 1.22 1.20 0.10 0.09 1.82 0.62 0.02 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.06 0.00 1.48 1.30 2008 1.40 0.64 0.13 0.12 2.09 0.32 0.04 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.06 0.00 1.53 1.58

Other machinery 2007 6.31 6.22 0.77 0.03 6.98 4.38 0.20 0.01 0.39 0.01 0.55 0.05 24.56 19.34 2008 6.83 4.97 1.02 0.04 6.80 4.75 0.29 0.01 0.43 0.02 0.68 0.04 22.72 19.40

Power generating machinery 2007 0.19 0.32 0.02 0.00 0.09 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.50 0.78 2008 0.26 0.61 0.02 0.00 0.12 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.54 0.65

Non-electrical machinery 2007 2.80 4.76 0.44 0.01 2.49 3.05 0.11 0.01 0.31 0.01 0.39 0.02 9.20 10.61 2008 2.81 3.47 0.59 0.02 2.80 3.52 0.14 0.01 0.34 0.01 0.47 0.01 8.98 10.90

Electrical machinery 2007 3.33 1.14 0.31 0.01 4.40 1.00 0.09 0.01 0.06 0.00 0.16 0.03 14.86 7.94 2008 3.76 0.89 0.42 0.01 3.88 0.95 0.15 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.20 0.02 13.20 7.86

Textiles 2007 0.67 0.06 0.34 0.00 0.49 0.15 0.03 0.00 0.23 0.00 0.28 0.00 7.70 0.96 2008 0.65 0.06 0.31 0.00 0.47 0.16 0.02 0.00 0.24 0.00 0.24 0.00 7.28 0.94

Clothing 2007 0.77 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.13 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.32 0.88 2008 0.69 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.12 0.20 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.32 0.94

Other manufactures 2007 4.90 2.92 0.46 0.02 3.44 3.50 0.14 0.01 0.16 0.00 0.40 0.25 23.85 11.69 2008 4.39 2.21 0.48 0.02 2.80 2.91 0.16 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.38 0.12 25.87 10.90

Personal and household goods 2007 0.59 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.35 0.33 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.64 0.78 2008 0.62 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.31 0.36 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.63 0.83

Scientific and controlling 2007 0.82 2.15 0.06 0.01 0.85 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.05 0.23 16.05 4.53 instruments 2008 0.70 1.49 0.07 0.01 0.50 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.11 17.92 3.63 Miscellaneous manufactures 2007 3.49 0.75 0.37 0.00 2.24 2.21 0.11 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.32 0.01 7.16 6.38

2008 3.07 0.70 0.37 0.01 1.99 1.56 0.14 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.30 0.01 7.31 6.44 Total merchandise a 2007 35.45 29.02 3.91 4.24 29.09 21.89 1.10 2.24 2.10 6.15 4.02 27.52 168.01 124.84

2008 34.44 28.75 5.18 5.64 29.93 21.85 1.25 3.33 2.36 7.92 4.39 38.39 172.67 129.59

AsiaEurope CIS Africa Middle EastNorth America Central America

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Chinese Taipei

South and

227

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A26 (continued)

(Billion dollars)

exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp

Agricultural products 2007 0.79 0.55 0.91 0.88 0.49 3.66 0.27 1.09 0.31 0.02 0.16 0.18 4.56 10.85 2008 0.67 0.62 1.03 0.97 0.54 4.24 0.36 1.23 0.32 0.01 0.15 0.16 4.98 12.55

Food 2007 0.11 0.32 0.67 0.65 0.29 2.99 0.07 0.86 0.13 0.01 0.07 0.07 2.00 7.48 2008 0.14 0.42 0.72 0.73 0.32 3.61 0.06 0.93 0.17 0.01 0.07 0.07 2.48 9.14

Fish 2007 0.04 0.04 0.50 0.03 0.14 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.01 1.19 0.42 2008 0.04 0.07 0.54 0.03 0.15 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.01 1.48 0.58

Other food products 2007 0.07 0.28 0.16 0.62 0.14 2.97 0.03 0.85 0.10 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.81 7.07 2008 0.09 0.35 0.19 0.69 0.17 3.58 0.04 0.92 0.12 0.01 0.02 0.06 1.00 8.56

Raw materials 2007 0.69 0.22 0.24 0.24 0.20 0.66 0.21 0.23 0.18 0.00 0.08 0.11 2.56 3.36 2008 0.54 0.20 0.30 0.25 0.22 0.62 0.30 0.30 0.15 0.00 0.08 0.09 2.50 3.42

Fuels and mining products 2007 3.52 3.37 0.73 3.07 0.73 1.71 0.58 1.89 2.27 0.34 0.32 1.38 19.83 62.21 2008 5.29 3.77 0.85 2.40 0.47 2.70 1.12 1.83 1.62 0.44 0.31 1.47 24.64 80.46

Ores and other minerals 2007 0.27 0.58 0.17 0.81 0.00 1.23 0.02 0.81 0.18 0.25 0.13 0.11 0.89 7.25 2008 0.36 0.76 0.24 0.29 0.00 1.89 0.16 0.90 0.12 0.32 0.06 0.08 1.10 8.38

Fuels 2007 0.77 1.40 0.33 0.36 0.62 0.19 0.46 0.50 0.75 0.03 0.08 0.53 13.71 43.54 2008 2.73 2.06 0.30 0.30 0.38 0.51 0.85 0.39 0.38 0.01 0.16 0.74 18.47 61.61

Non-ferrous metals 2007 2.48 1.39 0.23 1.89 0.10 0.28 0.11 0.59 1.34 0.06 0.11 0.74 5.23 11.42 2008 2.21 0.95 0.32 1.81 0.09 0.30 0.12 0.54 1.12 0.12 0.09 0.65 5.07 10.46

Manufactures 2007 57.95 23.98 14.16 41.43 30.64 20.65 26.01 16.85 34.83 1.10 7.28 13.48 220.50 143.55 2008 60.26 26.76 15.47 42.38 29.49 18.77 26.33 16.26 29.39 0.74 8.16 11.31 222.30 143.27

Iron and steel 2007 2.77 2.19 0.55 2.85 1.33 0.08 1.36 0.64 1.09 0.01 0.49 0.82 12.22 9.21 2008 2.20 2.38 0.68 3.57 1.25 0.19 1.11 0.66 1.07 0.01 0.69 0.87 12.69 11.78

Chemicals 2007 13.13 2.69 1.52 9.56 1.04 4.29 1.12 4.16 3.57 0.05 0.78 2.43 28.55 28.74 2008 13.68 3.67 1.97 9.66 1.23 4.26 1.31 4.49 3.33 0.04 1.09 2.30 31.11 30.42

Pharmaceuticals 2007 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.09 0.02 0.29 0.01 0.89 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.24 1.64 2008 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.10 0.01 0.33 0.02 0.95 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.20 1.77

Other chemicals 2007 13.11 2.65 1.49 9.46 1.03 4.00 1.10 3.28 3.56 0.05 0.77 2.41 28.31 27.09 2008 13.66 3.62 1.95 9.55 1.22 3.93 1.29 3.54 3.32 0.04 1.08 2.28 30.91 28.65

Other semi-manufactures 2007 1.83 1.28 1.00 2.36 4.13 0.98 2.65 0.94 0.97 0.03 0.24 0.45 14.64 7.48 2008 1.75 1.44 1.15 2.67 4.10 1.07 2.83 0.94 0.89 0.03 0.23 0.48 15.29 8.19

Machinery and transport equipment 2007 23.58 13.78 8.79 20.21 18.32 12.36 17.07 7.69 22.88 0.61 4.72 8.52 120.73 76.99 2008 23.41 14.92 9.13 20.60 17.70 11.04 17.89 7.37 18.85 0.39 5.23 6.75 118.55 73.93

Office and telecom equipment 2007 12.45 8.33 6.08 6.57 10.30 4.93 8.31 2.16 17.06 0.39 3.81 7.21 72.03 40.74 2008 12.86 8.71 6.33 7.28 9.39 5.46 8.90 1.94 14.72 0.25 4.16 5.56 69.73 39.47

EDP and office equipment 2007 1.53 2.85 0.91 0.36 2.93 0.28 3.25 0.17 1.55 0.04 0.24 0.47 12.67 5.30 2008 1.47 3.05 0.85 0.36 2.51 0.22 2.83 0.14 1.07 0.02 0.17 0.22 10.74 5.06

Telecommunications equipment 2007 0.58 2.21 0.59 0.63 5.59 0.28 2.75 0.29 0.62 0.03 0.05 0.45 11.94 4.44 2008 0.56 2.34 0.43 0.61 4.97 0.27 3.11 0.28 0.52 0.02 0.07 0.43 11.61 4.39

Integrated circuits 2007 10.33 3.27 4.58 5.57 1.77 4.37 2.30 1.70 14.90 0.32 3.52 6.29 47.42 31.00 2008 10.84 3.32 5.06 6.31 1.91 4.96 2.96 1.53 13.13 0.21 3.92 4.91 47.38 30.02

Transport equipment 2007 0.36 0.53 0.56 2.00 2.67 1.32 2.48 1.58 0.20 0.00 0.11 0.17 8.94 6.12 2008 0.28 0.76 0.64 1.87 2.74 0.73 2.80 1.08 0.28 0.00 0.17 0.12 10.06 5.12

Automotive products 2007 0.25 0.15 0.21 1.33 1.60 0.15 0.74 0.98 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.08 4.14 2.90 2008 0.15 0.19 0.25 1.13 1.51 0.12 0.82 0.78 0.05 0.00 0.03 0.07 4.19 2.45

Other transport equipment 2007 0.12 0.39 0.35 0.67 1.08 1.17 1.73 0.60 0.16 0.00 0.07 0.09 4.81 3.21 2008 0.13 0.57 0.40 0.74 1.23 0.61 1.98 0.31 0.22 0.00 0.14 0.05 5.87 2.67

Other machinery 2007 10.77 4.91 2.16 11.64 5.35 6.11 6.28 3.95 5.62 0.22 0.81 1.14 39.76 30.14 2008 10.27 5.44 2.16 11.46 5.56 4.86 6.19 4.35 3.86 0.14 0.89 1.07 38.76 29.34

Power generating machinery 2007 0.17 0.17 0.06 0.52 0.16 0.31 0.08 0.28 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.81 1.43 2008 0.18 0.20 0.06 0.37 0.22 0.61 0.11 0.27 0.08 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.97 1.55

Non-electrical machinery 2007 4.25 1.35 0.93 7.82 2.47 4.72 2.12 2.74 0.88 0.07 0.29 0.69 15.75 18.48 2008 3.91 1.70 1.00 7.94 2.49 3.42 2.44 3.19 0.60 0.06 0.31 0.62 16.12 17.96

Electrical machinery 2007 6.35 3.39 1.17 3.30 2.72 1.08 4.07 0.93 4.65 0.15 0.51 0.43 23.20 10.22 2008 6.18 3.54 1.09 3.16 2.85 0.83 3.64 0.89 3.18 0.09 0.57 0.43 21.67 9.83

Textiles 2007 2.11 0.26 0.39 0.22 0.54 0.06 0.44 0.12 1.99 0.01 0.17 0.11 9.73 1.19 2008 2.01 0.29 0.40 0.22 0.51 0.05 0.43 0.13 1.67 0.01 0.12 0.10 9.22 1.18

Clothing 2007 0.07 0.42 0.05 0.08 0.73 0.01 0.12 0.18 0.06 0.14 0.00 0.01 1.27 1.12 2008 0.08 0.51 0.05 0.09 0.64 0.01 0.12 0.18 0.06 0.08 0.00 0.01 1.19 1.17

Other manufactures 2007 14.46 3.36 1.85 6.15 4.55 2.86 3.26 3.12 4.27 0.24 0.87 1.14 33.35 18.83 2008 17.12 3.56 2.08 5.58 4.05 2.15 2.65 2.48 3.52 0.17 0.80 0.80 34.24 16.60

Personal and household goods 2007 0.11 0.56 0.24 0.05 0.52 0.02 0.34 0.32 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.00 1.67 1.14 2008 0.10 0.59 0.25 0.05 0.55 0.02 0.30 0.35 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.00 1.66 1.22

Scientific and controlling 2007 12.85 1.09 0.32 2.42 0.76 2.11 0.79 0.91 2.29 0.08 0.16 0.63 17.87 7.93 instruments 2008 15.34 1.25 0.40 1.82 0.66 1.45 0.47 0.92 1.57 0.05 0.12 0.21 19.26 6.25 Miscellaneous manufactures 2007 1.50 1.71 1.29 3.69 3.26 0.73 2.12 1.89 1.88 0.16 0.71 0.51 13.82 9.76

2008 1.69 1.72 1.43 3.72 2.83 0.68 1.88 1.20 1.85 0.12 0.67 0.58 13.32 9.14 Total merchandise a 2007 62.36 28.06 15.91 46.02 32.10 26.73 26.97 19.98 37.93 1.83 7.78 15.18 246.33 219.67

2008 66.33 31.31 17.50 46.41 30.76 26.39 27.96 19.57 32.49 1.48 8.65 13.13 254.16 239.57

Japan United States EU (27)Hong Kong,

China

Note: For sources and methods, see the Metadata.

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Chinese Taipei

a Includes unspecified products.b Includes unspecified destinations and origins.

China Rep. of Korea World b

228

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A27

(Billion dollars)

exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp

Agricultural products 2007 1.41 0.98 0.29 1.20 3.70 0.84 0.49 0.01 1.57 0.34 1.17 0.03 11.86 7.21 2008 2.21 1.04 0.38 1.10 4.18 0.82 0.91 0.03 2.27 0.46 2.32 0.03 15.51 9.83

Food 2007 1.19 0.82 0.19 1.07 2.57 0.69 0.45 0.00 1.46 0.29 1.01 0.02 9.32 5.65 2008 1.97 0.89 0.26 0.99 2.93 0.69 0.88 0.01 2.14 0.38 2.08 0.02 12.84 7.95

Fish 2007 0.19 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.18 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.34 0.54 2008 0.22 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.09 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.44 0.50

Other food products 2007 1.00 0.80 0.19 1.06 2.38 0.67 0.45 0.00 1.45 0.28 1.00 0.02 8.98 5.11 2008 1.75 0.88 0.26 0.98 2.84 0.67 0.87 0.01 2.13 0.37 2.08 0.02 12.40 7.45

Raw materials 2007 0.22 0.16 0.10 0.13 1.13 0.15 0.04 0.01 0.11 0.05 0.16 0.01 2.54 1.56 2008 0.24 0.15 0.12 0.11 1.25 0.14 0.04 0.02 0.13 0.08 0.23 0.01 2.66 1.88 Fuels and mining products 2007 0.45 0.85 0.01 0.38 0.42 0.71 0.00 0.05 0.07 0.89 0.22 4.40 26.73 13.42

2008 0.37 0.87 0.01 0.59 0.78 0.78 0.01 0.06 0.09 0.90 0.29 5.89 38.32 15.86 Ores and other minerals 2007 0.01 0.57 0.00 0.21 0.02 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.00 0.16 0.35 0.80

2008 0.01 0.57 0.00 0.53 0.13 0.40 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.35 0.00 0.12 0.45 0.83 Fuels 2007 0.30 0.11 0.00 0.08 0.30 0.07 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.54 0.05 4.08 24.44 8.00

2008 0.23 0.16 0.01 0.04 0.50 0.10 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.45 0.15 5.59 35.39 10.57 Non-ferrous metals 2007 0.14 0.16 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.28 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.16 0.16 1.94 4.62

2008 0.13 0.14 0.00 0.03 0.15 0.28 0.01 0.04 0.08 0.10 0.14 0.17 2.48 4.46 Manufactures 2007 27.57 14.73 1.17 0.78 19.61 16.34 0.48 0.33 1.28 0.26 3.99 0.53 70.85 77.34 2008 21.78 14.17 1.16 0.57 16.19 16.88 0.75 0.60 1.51 0.32 4.86 0.63 61.52 67.82

Iron and steel 2007 0.19 0.19 0.01 0.17 0.32 0.67 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.16 0.18 0.01 2.26 4.72 2008 0.19 0.19 0.01 0.16 0.16 0.83 0.01 0.13 0.11 0.16 0.34 0.02 2.30 5.74

Chemicals 2007 0.43 1.28 0.07 0.03 0.87 1.89 0.06 0.23 0.22 0.04 0.21 0.46 8.75 8.14 2008 0.47 1.72 0.10 0.04 0.88 2.22 0.10 0.44 0.25 0.08 0.35 0.49 9.62 8.48

Pharmaceuticals 2007 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.16 0.32 2008 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.33

Other chemicals 2007 0.42 1.20 0.07 0.03 0.85 1.42 0.06 0.23 0.21 0.04 0.20 0.45 8.58 7.82 2008 0.47 1.63 0.10 0.03 0.87 1.72 0.10 0.44 0.24 0.08 0.35 0.49 9.48 8.15

Other semi-manufactures 2007 0.64 0.74 0.07 0.05 0.97 0.81 0.02 0.01 0.20 0.01 0.55 0.01 5.97 4.32 2008 0.53 0.63 0.09 0.02 0.99 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.23 0.01 0.58 0.01 7.21 4.78

Machinery and transport equipment 2007 22.64 11.19 0.69 0.52 14.09 11.63 0.33 0.01 0.47 0.04 1.59 0.04 46.55 54.39 2008 16.56 10.30 0.61 0.34 10.76 11.21 0.49 0.02 0.55 0.07 1.99 0.08 35.04 42.53

Office and telecom equipment 2007 19.51 7.53 0.48 0.42 10.92 6.43 0.27 0.00 0.19 0.02 0.72 0.00 36.29 33.72 2008 13.78 6.82 0.42 0.18 7.63 5.56 0.38 0.00 0.26 0.01 0.99 0.00 24.28 21.49

EDP and office equipment 2007 11.75 0.86 0.08 0.00 4.71 0.60 0.05 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.14 0.00 10.30 9.35 2008 9.74 0.86 0.05 0.03 4.17 0.57 0.16 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.14 0.00 11.03 7.77

Telecommunications equipment 2007 3.73 0.26 0.32 0.00 2.46 0.63 0.21 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.55 0.00 5.82 4.02 2008 2.85 0.15 0.33 0.00 1.70 0.48 0.22 0.00 0.09 0.01 0.81 0.00 5.36 4.10

Integrated circuits 2007 4.04 6.42 0.07 0.42 3.75 5.20 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.00 20.17 20.36 2008 1.19 5.81 0.03 0.15 1.76 4.50 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.00 7.89 9.62

Transport equipment 2007 0.32 0.74 0.06 0.03 0.52 1.80 0.00 0.01 0.07 0.00 0.19 0.02 1.98 4.53 2008 0.32 0.70 0.03 0.07 0.55 2.02 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.02 0.22 0.05 2.28 4.96

Automotive products 2007 0.09 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.15 0.56 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.70 2.61 2008 0.10 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.15 0.62 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.71 3.33

Other transport equipment 2007 0.23 0.71 0.05 0.01 0.37 1.24 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.08 0.02 1.28 1.93 2008 0.22 0.67 0.01 0.05 0.40 1.40 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.10 0.05 1.56 1.64

Other machinery 2007 2.81 2.92 0.14 0.07 2.66 3.40 0.06 0.00 0.21 0.02 0.69 0.02 8.28 16.13 2008 2.46 2.78 0.16 0.09 2.58 3.64 0.10 0.01 0.23 0.04 0.79 0.03 8.48 16.07

Power generating machinery 2007 0.03 0.58 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.36 1.22 2008 0.04 0.46 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.32 1.12

Non-electrical machinery 2007 0.47 1.32 0.07 0.03 0.92 2.18 0.01 0.00 0.14 0.01 0.38 0.01 3.48 5.82 2008 0.44 1.27 0.07 0.04 0.87 2.19 0.04 0.00 0.16 0.03 0.45 0.02 3.67 6.18

Electrical machinery 2007 2.31 1.03 0.07 0.02 1.69 0.86 0.05 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.30 0.00 4.44 9.09 2008 1.99 1.05 0.09 0.03 1.65 0.94 0.06 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.32 0.01 4.49 8.77

Textiles 2007 0.07 0.04 0.06 0.00 0.32 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.01 0.10 0.00 0.86 1.04 2008 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.28 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.12 0.00 0.96 0.98

Clothing 2007 1.50 0.01 0.14 0.00 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.45 0.38 2008 1.70 0.01 0.17 0.00 1.07 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.54 0.45

Other manufactures 2007 2.11 1.28 0.13 0.01 2.08 1.23 0.05 0.00 0.21 0.00 1.34 0.02 6.01 4.36 2008 2.26 1.30 0.13 0.01 2.04 1.53 0.08 0.00 0.23 0.01 1.42 0.03 5.87 4.86

Personal and household goods 2007 0.78 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.61 0.20 0.03 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.21 0.00 0.96 0.39 2008 0.81 0.06 0.05 0.00 0.62 0.17 0.04 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.27 0.00 0.99 0.55

Scientific and controlling 2007 0.76 0.92 0.02 0.00 0.56 0.57 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.00 1.63 1.41 instruments 2008 0.87 0.87 0.03 0.00 0.55 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 1.73 1.74 Miscellaneous manufactures 2007 0.57 0.33 0.05 0.00 0.91 0.46 0.02 0.00 0.09 0.00 1.07 0.01 3.41 2.55

2008 0.58 0.37 0.06 0.00 0.86 0.47 0.04 0.00 0.10 0.00 1.14 0.02 3.15 2.57 Total merchandise a 2007 29.68 16.94 1.49 2.37 24.11 19.37 0.98 0.39 2.96 1.51 5.51 5.06 111.40 100.92

2008 27.40 18.12 1.76 2.46 24.18 20.08 1.70 0.70 3.93 1.69 7.83 7.53 131.94 104.01

North AmericaSouth & Central

America

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Malaysia

AsiaEurope CIS Africa Middle East

229

AP

PE

ND

IX

Table A27 (continued)

(Billion dollars)

exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp

Agricultural products 2007 1.48 0.30 1.28 0.78 1.05 0.21 3.40 0.75 4.08 0.94 0.57 1.48 20.51 10.61 2008 1.89 0.30 2.07 0.81 1.34 0.29 3.88 0.75 5.11 0.84 0.71 2.12 27.80 13.36

Food 2007 1.40 0.27 1.13 0.64 0.71 0.04 2.33 0.62 3.05 0.85 0.37 0.87 16.20 8.55 2008 1.79 0.27 1.88 0.67 0.99 0.07 2.71 0.62 4.10 0.76 0.47 1.19 23.12 10.97

Fish 2007 0.10 0.01 0.18 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.18 0.01 0.04 0.13 0.02 0.13 0.73 0.62 2008 0.12 0.01 0.22 0.01 0.07 0.02 0.09 0.01 0.04 0.11 0.03 0.12 0.76 0.56

Other food products 2007 1.30 0.27 0.94 0.62 0.66 0.03 2.14 0.61 3.01 0.71 0.35 0.75 15.47 7.93 2008 1.68 0.26 1.67 0.67 0.92 0.06 2.61 0.61 4.06 0.65 0.43 1.08 22.36 10.41

Raw materials 2007 0.08 0.03 0.16 0.14 0.34 0.17 1.07 0.13 1.03 0.09 0.21 0.61 4.31 2.06 2008 0.10 0.03 0.18 0.13 0.35 0.22 1.17 0.13 1.01 0.08 0.24 0.93 4.68 2.39

Fuels and mining products 2007 5.22 5.27 0.43 0.76 6.11 1.18 0.39 0.67 0.77 0.53 1.38 0.36 27.90 20.71 2008 7.81 6.60 0.34 0.81 10.50 1.29 0.56 0.69 1.10 0.62 1.72 0.39 39.86 25.09

Ores and other minerals 2007 0.09 0.16 0.01 0.53 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.36 0.09 0.07 0.02 0.05 0.39 2.39 2008 0.12 0.19 0.01 0.55 0.08 0.04 0.13 0.39 0.11 0.08 0.03 0.07 0.60 2.82

Fuels 2007 4.70 4.98 0.30 0.11 5.87 0.03 0.27 0.06 0.50 0.03 1.12 0.14 25.10 12.88 2008 7.04 6.31 0.23 0.16 10.17 0.04 0.30 0.04 0.78 0.17 1.46 0.14 36.28 17.01

Non-ferrous metals 2007 0.43 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.17 1.12 0.09 0.25 0.18 0.43 0.23 0.17 2.41 5.44 2008 0.65 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.25 1.20 0.13 0.26 0.21 0.37 0.24 0.18 2.98 5.25

Manufactures 2007 18.37 10.62 25.62 14.04 8.72 16.63 18.68 15.61 10.48 16.99 6.59 5.89 125.01 110.68 2008 15.13 8.42 19.65 13.35 8.48 15.60 15.30 15.91 7.90 16.61 6.14 5.79 107.83 102.07

Iron and steel 2007 0.39 0.09 0.17 0.19 0.02 1.72 0.31 0.65 0.05 0.99 0.35 0.20 3.04 5.99 2008 0.45 0.10 0.18 0.18 0.04 1.99 0.16 0.81 0.05 1.16 0.30 0.17 3.12 7.25

Chemicals 2007 0.98 1.83 0.39 1.04 0.84 1.54 0.77 1.74 1.44 1.16 0.99 0.86 10.61 12.07 2008 1.09 1.70 0.42 1.23 0.93 1.51 0.78 2.03 1.51 1.48 1.08 0.96 11.78 13.73

Pharmaceuticals 2007 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.40 0.00 0.06 0.01 0.02 0.20 0.86 2008 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.44 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.17 0.93

Other chemicals 2007 0.94 1.79 0.38 0.97 0.83 1.53 0.76 1.34 1.44 1.10 0.98 0.84 10.41 11.20 2008 1.06 1.66 0.42 1.15 0.93 1.50 0.77 1.59 1.51 1.40 1.08 0.94 11.61 12.80

Other semi-manufactures 2007 1.25 0.57 0.55 0.72 1.35 0.83 0.88 0.76 0.75 0.91 0.37 0.49 8.40 5.94 2008 1.73 0.62 0.44 0.60 1.53 0.95 0.87 0.91 0.98 1.01 0.41 0.57 9.66 6.49

Machinery and transport equipment 2007 13.78 7.18 21.23 10.81 5.11 11.42 13.70 11.29 7.68 12.37 3.91 3.95 86.40 78.18 2008 9.91 5.09 15.09 10.05 4.44 10.02 10.46 10.73 4.79 11.02 3.66 3.66 66.05 65.21

Office and telecom equipment 2007 10.59 5.13 18.51 7.35 4.02 4.78 10.72 6.39 6.75 8.16 2.56 1.81 68.40 48.20 2008 6.58 2.93 12.68 6.73 3.44 3.44 7.49 5.51 3.79 6.62 2.11 1.14 47.76 34.50

EDP and office equipment 2007 2.41 1.15 11.18 0.83 0.90 0.43 4.63 0.59 1.96 4.49 1.65 0.85 27.12 10.81 2008 2.66 0.97 9.02 0.83 0.87 0.36 4.13 0.56 2.27 3.84 1.55 0.65 25.43 9.35

Telecommunications equipment 2007 1.79 0.23 3.39 0.22 1.30 0.62 2.39 0.62 0.53 1.21 0.20 0.18 13.19 4.91 2008 1.06 0.19 2.52 0.13 1.55 0.31 1.65 0.47 0.46 1.47 0.19 0.22 11.37 4.77

Integrated circuits 2007 6.39 3.75 3.94 6.30 1.82 3.73 3.70 5.17 4.26 2.46 0.72 0.79 28.09 32.48 2008 2.86 1.77 1.14 5.76 1.02 2.76 1.71 4.47 1.07 1.31 0.36 0.27 10.96 20.38

Transport equipment 2007 0.72 0.16 0.30 0.70 0.16 1.93 0.50 1.78 0.06 0.22 0.21 1.05 3.14 7.43 2008 0.74 0.37 0.30 0.67 0.17 2.08 0.53 1.99 0.14 0.33 0.39 1.36 3.47 7.88

Automotive products 2007 0.13 0.01 0.08 0.02 0.08 1.19 0.14 0.56 0.02 0.09 0.13 0.86 1.12 3.22 2008 0.10 0.01 0.09 0.02 0.08 1.63 0.13 0.61 0.05 0.09 0.16 1.12 1.15 4.00

Other transport equipment 2007 0.59 0.15 0.22 0.68 0.07 0.74 0.36 1.22 0.04 0.13 0.08 0.19 2.02 4.21 2008 0.64 0.35 0.21 0.65 0.09 0.45 0.39 1.38 0.09 0.25 0.23 0.24 2.32 3.87

Other machinery 2007 2.47 1.89 2.41 2.75 0.94 4.71 2.49 3.13 0.87 3.99 1.14 1.08 14.86 22.55 2008 2.58 1.79 2.11 2.64 0.83 4.51 2.45 3.23 0.86 4.08 1.16 1.15 14.81 22.84

Power generating machinery 2007 0.11 0.07 0.02 0.57 0.04 0.38 0.04 0.31 0.04 0.36 0.07 0.20 0.44 2.17 2008 0.10 0.07 0.04 0.45 0.04 0.29 0.04 0.44 0.04 0.33 0.04 0.20 0.43 2.12

Non-electrical machinery 2007 1.00 0.66 0.44 1.25 0.26 2.11 0.82 2.00 0.33 1.27 0.48 0.40 5.48 9.37 2008 1.16 0.69 0.40 1.22 0.23 2.19 0.80 1.99 0.36 1.49 0.41 0.39 5.70 9.79

Electrical machinery 2007 1.36 1.16 1.95 0.93 0.64 2.23 1.63 0.81 0.49 2.37 0.59 0.48 8.94 11.01 2008 1.33 1.04 1.67 0.98 0.56 2.03 1.61 0.80 0.46 2.25 0.71 0.56 8.68 10.93

Textiles 2007 0.09 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.10 0.07 0.15 0.07 0.10 0.34 0.04 0.10 1.47 1.18 2008 0.10 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.10 0.06 0.15 0.08 0.09 0.33 0.06 0.10 1.55 1.12

Clothing 2007 0.06 0.01 1.33 0.01 0.15 0.01 0.87 0.02 0.02 0.24 0.03 0.03 3.16 0.41 2008 0.08 0.01 1.48 0.01 0.18 0.01 0.94 0.03 0.04 0.27 0.03 0.06 3.62 0.49

Other manufactures 2007 1.81 0.92 1.90 1.24 1.15 1.04 1.99 1.06 0.44 0.97 0.90 0.26 11.94 6.90 2008 1.76 0.87 2.00 1.26 1.25 1.05 1.94 1.33 0.43 1.33 0.60 0.29 12.05 7.78

Personal and household goods 2007 0.17 0.02 0.68 0.03 0.25 0.02 0.59 0.19 0.07 0.20 0.02 0.03 2.76 0.63 2008 0.23 0.01 0.69 0.05 0.25 0.04 0.59 0.15 0.04 0.26 0.02 0.04 2.92 0.78

Scientific and controlling 2007 0.24 0.33 0.73 0.89 0.39 0.46 0.54 0.53 0.23 0.22 0.31 0.09 3.06 2.91 instruments 2008 0.27 0.32 0.79 0.85 0.36 0.52 0.53 0.84 0.27 0.37 0.27 0.13 3.20 3.52 Miscellaneous manufactures 2007 1.40 0.57 0.49 0.31 0.51 0.55 0.86 0.35 0.15 0.55 0.58 0.14 6.12 3.36

2008 1.26 0.55 0.52 0.36 0.64 0.49 0.81 0.34 0.13 0.70 0.31 0.11 5.92 3.48 Total merchandise a 2007 25.77 16.83 27.55 15.93 16.09 19.08 22.69 17.45 15.44 18.90 8.73 7.86 176.21 146.91

2008 29.29 17.06 24.82 16.93 21.52 19.53 22.47 18.50 18.95 20.06 9.51 8.78 198.85 156.20

Note: For sources and methods, see the Metadata.

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Malaysia

a Includes unspecified products.b Includes unspecified destinations and origins.

Singapore Thailand World bUnited States Japan EU (27) China

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Table A28

(Billion dollars)

exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp

Agricultural products 2007 0.29 0.55 0.03 0.39 0.38 1.77 0.09 0.01 0.20 0.18 0.27 0.03 4.71 5.44 2008 0.46 0.70 0.04 0.47 0.42 2.06 0.11 0.01 0.31 0.22 0.31 0.04 5.53 6.52

Food 2007 0.22 0.48 0.02 0.37 0.25 1.73 0.09 0.00 0.18 0.17 0.24 0.03 4.12 4.65 2008 0.37 0.62 0.03 0.46 0.26 2.01 0.10 0.00 0.29 0.21 0.28 0.04 4.88 5.66

Fish 2007 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.23 0.64 2008 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.26 0.72

Other food products 2007 0.18 0.46 0.02 0.33 0.19 1.67 0.08 0.00 0.18 0.15 0.22 0.02 3.88 4.00 2008 0.33 0.59 0.02 0.40 0.20 1.94 0.10 0.00 0.28 0.18 0.27 0.02 4.62 4.94

Raw materials 2007 0.07 0.07 0.01 0.02 0.14 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.59 0.79 2008 0.09 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.16 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.65 0.87 Fuels and mining products 2007 0.83 1.89 0.09 1.49 1.01 2.98 0.01 0.93 0.35 0.44 0.41 23.28 43.26 27.37

2008 0.62 2.79 0.17 4.07 3.06 5.46 0.01 2.60 1.03 0.43 0.85 35.90 61.01 42.67 Ores and other minerals 2007 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.97 0.74

2008 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.04 1.10 1.07 Fuels 2007 0.68 1.20 0.09 1.28 0.65 2.57 0.00 0.84 0.33 0.32 0.35 23.08 38.81 23.26

2008 0.44 2.21 0.17 3.92 2.76 5.02 0.00 2.45 0.98 0.25 0.80 35.68 57.00 37.74 Non-ferrous metals 2007 0.14 0.65 0.00 0.20 0.32 0.36 0.01 0.09 0.02 0.08 0.06 0.17 3.48 3.38

2008 0.18 0.55 0.01 0.12 0.27 0.40 0.01 0.15 0.04 0.11 0.04 0.18 2.92 3.87 Manufactures 2007 28.19 30.96 1.78 0.57 26.79 30.13 0.46 0.28 1.84 0.56 5.23 1.65 162.43 123.86 2008 26.19 35.37 2.47 0.76 26.83 34.72 0.41 0.44 2.44 0.55 5.88 2.12 172.57 130.88

Iron and steel 2007 0.07 0.19 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.77 0.01 0.22 0.07 0.05 0.29 0.02 2.80 4.16 2008 0.03 0.25 0.01 0.06 0.06 1.25 0.00 0.36 0.10 0.02 0.32 0.02 3.68 5.80

Chemicals 2007 5.22 3.66 0.13 0.05 7.77 4.55 0.01 0.01 0.22 0.08 0.41 0.84 19.88 6.55 2008 3.29 3.80 0.48 0.07 5.82 4.91 0.02 0.01 0.23 0.09 0.51 1.17 21.52 6.63

Pharmaceuticals 2007 3.31 0.24 0.03 0.00 1.85 1.11 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 1.08 0.39 2008 1.91 0.27 0.02 0.00 1.83 1.19 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 1.19 0.44

Other chemicals 2007 1.91 3.42 0.10 0.05 5.92 3.44 0.01 0.01 0.21 0.07 0.39 0.84 18.81 6.16 2008 1.38 3.53 0.46 0.06 4.00 3.72 0.02 0.01 0.23 0.08 0.49 1.17 20.34 6.19

Other semi-manufactures 2007 0.25 0.74 0.03 0.06 0.48 1.63 0.01 0.03 0.09 0.03 0.34 0.12 4.54 5.55 2008 0.22 0.87 0.03 0.08 0.61 1.90 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.06 0.40 0.15 5.60 6.89

Machinery and transport equipment 2007 20.11 22.85 1.45 0.38 16.23 18.97 0.42 0.02 1.30 0.38 3.44 0.49 120.84 94.98 2008 20.06 26.93 1.76 0.51 18.06 21.86 0.34 0.02 1.81 0.34 3.49 0.57 126.19 98.37

Office and telecom equipment 2007 16.83 8.80 0.89 0.23 13.16 6.77 0.22 0.00 0.64 0.30 1.70 0.25 86.89 70.99 2008 15.84 9.75 0.83 0.29 14.34 6.78 0.14 0.00 0.53 0.25 1.42 0.32 87.90 69.92

EDP and office equipment 2007 6.59 1.94 0.04 0.02 4.75 1.01 0.03 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.37 0.04 20.44 16.71 2008 6.22 2.84 0.05 0.02 5.23 1.25 0.04 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.36 0.10 20.86 16.49

Telecommunications equipment 2007 3.04 0.83 0.74 0.00 1.38 0.55 0.17 0.00 0.36 0.01 1.17 0.11 10.84 14.33 2008 1.88 1.11 0.60 0.02 1.17 0.76 0.08 0.00 0.29 0.00 0.80 0.08 10.76 12.54

Integrated circuits 2007 7.20 6.03 0.10 0.21 7.03 5.21 0.02 0.00 0.19 0.29 0.16 0.10 55.61 39.95 2008 7.74 5.80 0.17 0.26 7.94 4.77 0.02 0.00 0.15 0.24 0.25 0.14 56.29 40.89

Transport equipment 2007 1.00 5.56 0.26 0.03 0.92 3.84 0.08 0.00 0.18 0.05 0.32 0.04 6.45 5.89 2008 1.80 7.34 0.66 0.04 1.47 5.37 0.09 0.00 0.65 0.05 0.49 0.08 7.76 7.86

Automotive products 2007 0.12 0.22 0.16 0.01 0.09 1.46 0.08 0.00 0.15 0.05 0.18 0.01 2.09 2.28 2008 0.14 0.38 0.16 0.02 0.07 1.58 0.09 0.00 0.15 0.05 0.18 0.02 2.61 2.93

Other transport equipment 2007 0.88 5.34 0.10 0.02 0.83 2.38 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.14 0.03 4.36 3.61 2008 1.66 6.96 0.50 0.02 1.40 3.79 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.01 0.31 0.05 5.15 4.93

Other machinery 2007 2.28 8.50 0.31 0.12 2.15 8.36 0.11 0.01 0.48 0.02 1.42 0.20 27.50 18.10 2008 2.42 9.83 0.27 0.17 2.25 9.72 0.12 0.01 0.63 0.04 1.58 0.18 30.52 20.59

Power generating machinery 2007 0.34 2.24 0.01 0.04 0.28 1.01 0.01 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.11 0.00 2.33 1.20 2008 0.32 2.48 0.02 0.07 0.40 1.30 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.17 0.01 2.89 1.47

Non-electrical machinery 2007 0.94 4.86 0.23 0.04 0.82 5.52 0.10 0.01 0.35 0.02 1.04 0.10 12.87 7.87 2008 1.08 5.76 0.17 0.08 0.85 6.38 0.08 0.01 0.49 0.03 1.13 0.09 15.13 9.92

Electrical machinery 2007 0.99 1.40 0.07 0.04 1.05 1.82 0.01 0.00 0.08 0.01 0.27 0.10 12.29 9.03 2008 1.02 1.59 0.08 0.03 1.00 2.04 0.03 0.00 0.10 0.01 0.27 0.09 12.50 9.20

Textiles 2007 0.00 0.08 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.90 0.95 2008 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.83 0.99

Clothing 2007 0.74 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.48 0.27 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.45 2.10 2008 0.68 0.04 0.09 0.00 0.22 0.31 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.53 1.85

Other manufactures 2007 1.80 3.39 0.08 0.03 1.75 3.81 0.01 0.00 0.13 0.01 0.72 0.17 13.03 9.57 2008 1.92 3.41 0.10 0.04 2.03 4.36 0.02 0.00 0.15 0.02 1.13 0.20 14.23 10.36

Personal and household goods 2007 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.48 1.02 2008 0.02 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.08 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.59 1.12

Scientific and controlling 2007 0.99 2.14 0.03 0.02 0.62 1.49 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.14 0.07 3.39 2.05 instruments 2008 1.01 1.96 0.04 0.03 0.70 1.42 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.10 0.08 3.70 2.13 Miscellaneous manufactures 2007 0.79 1.20 0.05 0.00 1.07 1.89 0.01 0.00 0.09 0.01 0.55 0.11 9.16 6.50

2008 0.88 1.38 0.06 0.01 1.26 2.42 0.02 0.00 0.10 0.01 1.01 0.12 9.93 7.11 Total merchandise a 2007 29.85 34.28 6.42 2.47 33.96 36.46 0.62 1.30 3.95 1.20 6.16 25.15 217.46 162.22

2008 27.81 39.73 10.38 5.40 36.80 44.50 0.67 3.14 6.53 1.23 7.41 38.29 248.04 187.38

AsiaEurope CIS Africa Middle EastNorth AmericaSouth & Central

America

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Singapore

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Table A28 (continued)

(Billion dollars)

exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp

Agricultural products 2007 0.67 1.74 0.36 1.65 0.59 0.55 0.24 0.48 0.58 0.86 0.71 0.17 5.98 8.37 2008 0.82 2.13 0.38 1.89 0.75 0.64 0.39 0.62 0.56 0.96 0.81 0.21 7.18 10.02

Food 2007 0.59 1.47 0.22 1.62 0.42 0.49 0.19 0.41 0.48 0.60 0.68 0.14 5.12 7.43 2008 0.74 1.84 0.22 1.85 0.54 0.58 0.32 0.54 0.45 0.69 0.78 0.16 6.21 8.99

Fish 2007 0.07 0.12 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.12 0.03 0.04 0.37 0.80 2008 0.07 0.13 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.13 0.02 0.04 0.39 0.90

Other food products 2007 0.53 1.36 0.17 1.59 0.41 0.45 0.15 0.40 0.45 0.48 0.66 0.10 4.75 6.64 2008 0.67 1.71 0.17 1.82 0.53 0.53 0.28 0.53 0.42 0.56 0.76 0.12 5.82 8.09

Raw materials 2007 0.08 0.27 0.14 0.03 0.17 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.26 0.03 0.04 0.87 0.93 2008 0.08 0.29 0.16 0.04 0.21 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.26 0.03 0.05 0.97 1.03

Fuels and mining products 2007 7.25 5.98 0.97 2.56 3.18 3.04 0.64 1.69 7.46 3.08 1.45 1.26 46.38 58.46 2008 10.10 9.52 3.01 4.67 4.64 2.10 0.50 2.46 10.54 4.37 1.87 3.82 67.10 94.01

Ores and other minerals 2007 0.18 0.18 0.04 0.03 0.25 0.12 0.01 0.04 0.09 0.16 0.18 0.03 1.02 0.90 2008 0.22 0.27 0.02 0.03 0.26 0.08 0.00 0.03 0.12 0.19 0.17 0.04 1.15 1.29

Fuels 2007 6.39 5.36 0.64 2.18 2.49 2.29 0.54 1.12 6.96 2.31 1.04 0.77 41.33 52.62 2008 9.28 8.54 2.73 4.25 3.98 1.60 0.36 1.95 10.16 3.35 1.45 3.32 62.48 87.34

Non-ferrous metals 2007 0.67 0.45 0.30 0.35 0.43 0.64 0.10 0.54 0.41 0.61 0.23 0.46 4.03 4.94 2008 0.61 0.71 0.26 0.38 0.39 0.41 0.13 0.47 0.26 0.83 0.26 0.47 3.47 5.38

Manufactures 2007 29.96 25.91 25.70 27.23 24.71 28.07 25.37 29.67 20.63 8.10 11.60 19.29 227.10 188.03 2008 29.13 25.78 25.84 31.13 25.08 30.84 22.99 33.97 23.75 8.09 13.07 21.01 236.85 204.84

Iron and steel 2007 0.79 0.28 0.04 0.73 0.08 1.42 0.07 0.18 1.07 0.28 0.01 1.25 3.28 5.47 2008 1.00 0.41 0.05 0.97 0.11 2.22 0.03 0.24 1.59 0.33 0.02 1.49 4.21 7.76

Chemicals 2007 2.97 1.00 7.69 4.07 3.53 0.96 3.94 3.56 2.87 0.56 1.13 1.78 33.65 15.74 2008 3.20 1.03 5.76 4.41 3.54 1.27 2.20 3.67 3.12 0.42 1.32 1.52 31.89 16.68

Pharmaceuticals 2007 0.14 0.03 1.85 0.96 0.07 0.13 2.58 0.21 0.09 0.02 0.11 0.03 6.29 1.74 2008 0.10 0.04 1.83 1.06 0.02 0.15 1.03 0.23 0.13 0.01 0.14 0.04 4.97 1.91

Other chemicals 2007 2.83 0.97 5.84 3.11 3.46 0.83 1.36 3.35 2.77 0.54 1.02 1.75 27.37 14.00 2008 3.10 0.99 3.94 3.35 3.51 1.12 1.16 3.43 2.99 0.41 1.18 1.48 26.92 14.77

Other semi-manufactures 2007 1.13 1.26 0.43 1.53 0.43 1.19 0.23 0.71 0.91 0.44 0.23 0.99 5.73 8.16 2008 1.42 1.60 0.55 1.80 0.49 1.45 0.20 0.82 1.18 0.63 0.24 1.19 6.97 10.00

Machinery and transport equipment 2007 23.06 20.55 15.62 17.79 18.74 21.09 18.78 21.83 13.72 5.54 8.35 13.35 164.12 138.08 2008 21.23 19.84 17.59 20.63 19.03 22.19 18.16 25.88 15.55 5.43 9.48 14.75 171.71 148.60

Office and telecom equipment 2007 16.30 17.66 12.71 6.49 15.04 16.25 15.75 8.25 6.28 2.91 6.77 6.23 120.33 87.35 2008 13.99 16.70 14.09 6.63 14.78 15.84 14.69 9.22 6.54 2.68 7.64 6.44 120.99 87.31

EDP and office equipment 2007 3.16 4.53 4.71 0.99 3.28 5.82 6.29 1.78 2.25 1.70 1.79 1.53 32.31 19.71 2008 3.40 3.92 5.19 1.23 3.19 6.31 5.92 2.65 2.23 1.59 1.81 1.59 32.86 20.71

Telecommunications equipment 2007 2.37 2.96 1.31 0.51 0.66 6.55 2.86 0.67 2.92 0.83 0.56 1.21 17.71 15.84 2008 2.26 2.23 1.10 0.71 0.58 5.51 1.70 0.94 3.05 0.74 0.89 1.15 15.58 14.51

Integrated circuits 2007 10.77 10.17 6.69 5.00 11.10 3.87 6.60 5.81 1.12 0.38 4.42 3.49 70.32 51.80 2008 8.33 10.55 7.79 4.69 11.00 4.02 7.06 5.63 1.26 0.35 4.94 3.70 72.56 52.09

Transport equipment 2007 0.64 0.42 0.89 3.76 0.81 0.68 0.94 5.47 1.05 0.23 0.41 2.07 9.53 15.42 2008 0.81 0.55 1.44 5.29 1.04 1.25 1.30 7.20 1.61 0.25 0.52 2.60 12.92 20.74

Automotive products 2007 0.28 0.15 0.08 1.43 0.14 0.08 0.12 0.20 0.39 0.06 0.04 1.45 2.86 4.02 2008 0.32 0.13 0.06 1.56 0.16 0.12 0.14 0.35 0.67 0.07 0.05 1.86 3.40 4.98

Other transport equipment 2007 0.37 0.27 0.81 2.33 0.67 0.59 0.82 5.28 0.66 0.17 0.37 0.62 6.67 11.40 2008 0.49 0.41 1.38 3.73 0.89 1.13 1.16 6.84 0.94 0.19 0.47 0.74 9.53 15.76

Other machinery 2007 6.12 2.47 2.02 7.55 2.90 4.17 2.08 8.11 6.39 2.40 1.17 5.05 34.25 35.30 2008 6.44 2.59 2.06 8.71 3.21 5.10 2.18 9.46 7.41 2.49 1.32 5.71 37.79 40.55

Power generating machinery 2007 0.44 0.10 0.26 0.97 0.13 0.28 0.33 2.12 0.58 0.34 0.15 0.18 3.13 4.50 2008 0.66 0.08 0.38 1.26 0.19 0.39 0.31 2.40 0.69 0.35 0.13 0.23 3.85 5.33

Non-electrical machinery 2007 2.29 0.94 0.74 4.88 1.21 1.44 0.85 4.69 3.50 0.52 0.43 3.26 16.35 18.42 2008 2.71 1.15 0.72 5.60 1.61 2.03 0.95 5.58 4.28 0.66 0.55 3.74 18.94 22.27

Electrical machinery 2007 3.39 1.44 1.02 1.70 1.55 2.45 0.91 1.29 2.31 1.54 0.60 1.61 14.77 12.38 2008 3.07 1.36 0.97 1.85 1.41 2.67 0.92 1.48 2.44 1.49 0.64 1.73 14.99 12.95

Textiles 2007 0.19 0.15 0.02 0.11 0.05 0.35 0.00 0.08 0.30 0.06 0.00 0.07 0.97 1.17 2008 0.18 0.21 0.02 0.11 0.04 0.34 0.00 0.07 0.30 0.05 0.01 0.09 0.88 1.19

Clothing 2007 0.11 0.41 0.46 0.25 0.00 0.73 0.69 0.04 0.22 0.31 0.01 0.01 1.78 2.43 2008 0.15 0.38 0.18 0.29 0.01 0.67 0.60 0.04 0.24 0.24 0.01 0.02 1.56 2.22

Other manufactures 2007 1.70 2.26 1.44 2.74 1.87 2.34 1.66 3.28 1.54 0.92 1.86 1.84 17.57 16.99 2008 1.93 2.31 1.68 2.93 1.87 2.71 1.80 3.26 1.77 0.98 2.00 1.96 19.63 18.39

Personal and household goods 2007 0.11 0.22 0.07 0.41 0.01 0.51 0.02 0.05 0.13 0.07 0.02 0.02 0.64 1.51 2008 0.12 0.25 0.07 0.50 0.01 0.54 0.02 0.06 0.17 0.09 0.02 0.04 0.78 1.71

Scientific and controlling 2007 0.49 0.28 0.47 1.35 0.47 0.38 0.92 2.07 0.45 0.17 0.37 0.70 5.20 5.77 instruments 2008 0.53 0.27 0.59 1.26 0.48 0.46 0.95 1.88 0.48 0.18 0.44 0.64 5.59 5.63 Miscellaneous manufactures 2007 1.11 1.76 0.91 0.98 1.40 1.45 0.73 1.16 0.96 0.68 1.46 1.13 11.73 9.70

2008 1.28 1.79 1.02 1.17 1.38 1.71 0.83 1.32 1.11 0.71 1.54 1.28 13.26 11.05 Total merchandise a 2007 38.59 34.43 32.35 32.62 28.92 31.91 26.68 32.70 29.44 14.67 14.39 21.55 299.30 263.15

2008 40.88 38.17 35.06 39.42 31.08 33.75 24.17 37.89 35.68 17.61 16.66 25.94 338.18 319.78

EU (27) China United States Indonesia

Note: For sources and methods, see the Metadata.

Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Singapore

a Includes unspecified products.b Includes unspecified destinations and origins.

Malaysia Japan World b

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Table A29

Total merchandise trade of NAFTA by products and by origin/destination, 2000 and 2006-2008

(Million dollars)

Destination

2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2006 2007 2008

ExportsAgricultural products 115.30 151.41 178.03 212.19 48.77 69.00 74.87 83.84 66.53 82.42 103.16 128.35

Food 80.15 109.83 134.30 169.02 32.52 51.94 58.64 68.98 47.63 57.88 75.67 100.04Fish 6.49 8.56 8.73 8.71 3.34 3.63 3.76 3.87 3.15 4.92 4.96 4.83Other food products 73.67 101.27 125.58 160.31 29.18 48.31 54.87 65.10 44.48 52.96 70.70 95.21

Raw materials 35.15 41.59 43.72 43.17 16.24 17.05 16.24 14.86 18.90 24.53 27.49 28.31Fuels and mining products 94.34 221.84 258.49 345.92 71.05 154.27 172.92 225.72 23.29 67.57 85.57 120.20

Ores and other minerals 10.83 31.48 41.94 51.14 4.25 8.39 8.89 11.94 6.58 23.09 33.04 39.21Fuels 65.73 151.24 172.52 253.39 54.86 121.00 136.59 187.60 10.87 30.23 35.93 65.79Non-ferrous metals 17.78 39.12 44.04 41.39 11.94 24.87 27.44 26.18 5.84 14.25 16.60 15.21

Manufactures 963.17 1223.33 1325.74 1389.90 533.88 648.46 671.11 669.47 429.29 574.88 654.63 720.43Iron and steel 11.27 23.18 26.96 35.53 8.87 17.48 18.91 23.81 2.40 5.70 8.05 11.72Chemicals 102.73 174.09 199.78 228.97 39.91 68.55 72.54 79.92 62.82 105.54 127.24 149.05

Pharmaceuticals 15.23 35.28 41.27 46.00 3.70 8.38 9.42 9.16 11.52 26.90 31.85 36.84Other chemicals 87.50 138.81 158.51 182.97 36.20 60.17 63.13 70.76 51.30 78.64 95.39 112.21

Other semi-manufactures 80.05 104.16 110.61 117.25 55.48 67.07 66.24 65.29 24.57 37.10 44.37 51.96Machinery and transport equipment 622.02 743.88 800.45 814.83 350.37 405.36 421.69 408.42 271.65 338.53 378.76 406.42

Office and telecom equipment 208.07 197.60 203.63 208.11 92.01 89.21 94.15 96.47 116.05 108.39 109.48 111.65EDP and office equipment 74.87 65.39 63.95 61.44 29.20 29.25 28.72 27.92 45.67 36.14 35.22 33.52Telecommunications equipment 63.86 74.80 85.16 91.43 40.96 47.50 54.83 57.45 22.89 27.30 30.33 33.98Integrated circuits 69.35 57.41 54.53 55.25 21.86 12.45 10.60 11.09 47.49 44.96 43.93 44.15

Transport equipment 223.34 314.11 342.66 332.70 159.00 195.19 202.80 182.26 64.34 118.92 139.86 150.44Automotive products 158.51 204.23 220.19 209.44 140.08 166.79 170.93 151.29 18.42 37.45 49.25 58.15Other transport equipment 64.83 109.88 122.48 123.25 18.91 28.40 31.87 30.96 45.92 81.48 90.60 92.29

Other machinery 190.61 232.17 254.15 274.02 99.36 120.96 124.73 129.69 91.25 111.21 129.42 144.33Textiles 15.73 17.24 16.96 16.48 10.79 10.48 9.96 9.17 4.94 6.76 7.00 7.32Clothing 19.34 13.01 11.04 10.65 13.46 10.02 8.43 8.08 5.88 2.99 2.61 2.57Other manufactures 112.04 147.77 159.94 166.20 55.01 69.50 73.34 74.79 57.03 78.27 86.61 91.41 Personal and household goods 15.85 18.11 18.19 17.36 13.19 15.23 15.10 14.09 2.66 2.89 3.09 3.27 Scientific and controlling instruments 38.73 54.46 58.46 62.18 12.74 17.91 18.82 20.54 25.99 36.56 39.65 41.64 Miscellaneous manufactures 57.46 75.19 83.29 86.66 29.08 36.36 39.42 40.17 28.38 38.83 43.88 46.49

Total merchandise exports 1224.92 1664.02 1840.26 2035.64 680.44 900.99 950.04 1013.22 544.48 763.03 890.21 1022.42

ImportsAgricultural products 95.88 147.54 160.63 174.05 47.80 68.13 75.08 82.55 48.08 79.42 85.55 91.50

Food 72.13 116.53 130.71 144.95 31.78 51.57 59.31 68.43 40.35 64.95 71.40 76.52Fish 11.88 16.17 16.82 17.36 3.14 3.43 3.55 3.65 8.74 12.74 13.27 13.72Other food products 60.25 100.36 113.88 127.59 28.65 48.15 55.76 64.79 31.60 52.21 58.13 62.80

Raw materials 23.75 31.02 29.92 29.10 16.02 16.55 15.77 14.12 7.73 14.46 14.15 14.98Fuels and mining products 195.49 466.20 507.32 663.40 68.66 160.56 173.75 229.33 126.83 305.64 333.57 434.07

Ores and other minerals 9.98 17.46 19.64 23.71 4.35 8.39 8.95 11.78 5.63 9.07 10.69 11.93Fuels 157.75 392.95 428.79 584.20 52.38 127.21 136.98 191.06 105.37 265.75 291.82 393.15Non-ferrous metals 27.76 55.79 58.88 55.49 11.93 24.96 27.82 26.49 15.83 30.83 31.06 29.00

Manufactures 1325.31 1852.08 1936.10 1975.59 525.31 606.80 630.57 616.84 800.00 1245.28 1305.53 1358.75Iron and steel 28.64 58.95 57.30 72.78 9.34 17.70 19.36 24.41 19.30 41.25 37.94 48.37Chemicals 111.67 212.22 230.82 258.36 40.86 69.65 74.48 80.13 70.81 142.57 156.33 178.23

Pharmaceuticals 20.13 59.44 68.53 75.70 3.67 8.33 9.74 9.59 16.46 51.11 58.79 66.10Other chemicals 91.55 152.79 162.29 182.67 37.19 61.33 64.75 70.54 54.35 91.46 97.54 112.13

Other semi-manufactures 120.40 175.53 179.75 178.10 57.91 67.10 66.23 64.12 62.49 108.43 113.52 113.98Machinery and transport equipment 782.09 1012.83 1051.10 1051.83 338.13 369.48 387.93 368.78 443.96 643.35 663.17 683.05

Office and telecom equipment 276.13 328.57 330.62 343.18 80.84 61.53 65.84 67.85 195.30 267.04 264.78 275.33EDP and office equipment 112.23 133.81 135.06 130.24 23.86 16.42 16.08 15.25 88.38 117.39 118.98 115.00Telecommunications equipment 91.61 149.88 157.48 171.20 37.99 38.89 45.10 47.64 53.62 110.99 112.38 123.57Integrated circuits 72.30 44.89 38.09 41.74 19.00 6.23 4.66 4.97 53.30 38.66 33.42 36.77

Transport equipment 285.54 374.14 387.35 360.27 162.62 194.65 202.22 179.60 122.92 179.50 185.13 180.67Automotive products 237.69 314.44 320.12 293.78 143.87 170.49 174.54 152.44 93.82 143.96 145.58 141.33Other transport equipment 47.84 59.70 67.23 66.49 18.75 24.16 27.68 27.16 29.10 35.54 39.55 39.33

Other machinery 220.42 310.12 333.13 348.38 94.68 113.31 119.87 121.33 125.75 196.81 213.26 227.06Textiles 26.13 34.20 34.54 33.18 11.13 10.73 10.31 9.13 15.00 23.47 24.23 24.05Clothing 74.54 92.59 95.22 93.58 14.51 8.66 7.31 6.50 60.03 83.93 87.91 87.08Other manufactures 181.84 265.76 287.38 287.77 53.43 63.48 64.95 63.79 128.41 202.28 222.43 223.99 Personal and household goods 47.06 74.10 77.42 75.48 12.45 14.20 14.26 12.68 34.61 59.90 63.16 62.80 Scientific and controlling instruments 31.97 49.58 56.44 58.21 13.42 16.38 17.85 18.51 18.55 33.20 38.59 39.70 Miscellaneous manufactures 102.81 142.08 153.52 154.08 27.57 32.90 32.84 32.60 75.25 109.18 120.68 121.48

Total merchandise imports 1686.79 2544.93 2705.52 2910.95 670.81 866.87 917.76 967.69 1015.98 1678.06 1787.76 1943.26

Other origin/destinationNAFTAWorld

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Table A30

Total merchandise trade of MERCOSUR by products and by origin/destination, 2000 and 2006-2008

(Million dollars)

Destination

2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2006 2007 2008

ExportsAgricultural products 29.39 65.02 82.33 107.03 4.08 4.16 5.53 7.36 25.31 60.87 76.80 99.67

Food 25.93 58.72 74.85 98.49 3.75 3.77 5.09 6.90 22.18 54.95 69.76 91.58Fish 1.18 1.74 1.57 1.75 0.10 0.13 0.19 0.19 1.08 1.61 1.38 1.55Other food products 24.74 56.98 73.28 96.74 3.65 3.64 4.90 6.71 21.09 53.35 68.38 90.03

Raw materials 3.47 6.30 7.49 8.55 0.33 0.39 0.44 0.46 3.14 5.91 7.04 8.09Fuels and mining products 11.95 35.72 40.65 53.11 2.41 3.44 4.20 4.99 9.54 32.28 36.45 48.12

Ores and other minerals 4.19 13.17 15.79 22.46 0.28 0.65 0.67 0.91 3.92 12.52 15.12 21.55Fuels 5.59 17.83 19.58 25.60 1.96 2.42 3.04 3.57 3.63 15.42 16.54 22.02Non-ferrous metals 2.17 4.72 5.29 5.05 0.17 0.37 0.50 0.50 2.00 4.35 4.79 4.55

Manufactures 41.30 84.65 93.87 109.87 11.22 18.20 22.41 29.23 30.08 66.46 71.46 80.64Iron and steel 4.50 11.16 12.03 15.90 0.39 0.84 1.12 1.84 4.11 10.32 10.91 14.06Chemicals 5.64 13.35 15.19 18.91 2.20 4.00 4.72 5.70 3.44 9.35 10.47 13.22

Pharmaceuticals 0.61 1.23 1.47 1.86 0.27 0.31 0.35 0.41 0.34 0.93 1.12 1.45Other chemicals 5.03 12.12 13.73 17.05 1.93 3.69 4.37 5.29 3.11 8.43 9.36 11.76

Other semi-manufactures 6.66 12.88 14.31 14.74 1.58 1.95 2.37 2.82 5.08 10.93 11.94 11.91Machinery and transport equipment 18.98 39.53 44.13 51.82 5.48 9.66 12.20 16.54 13.50 29.87 31.93 35.29

Office and telecom equipment 2.42 4.11 2.84 3.33 0.83 1.18 1.04 1.28 1.59 2.94 1.80 2.05EDP and office equipment 0.53 0.53 0.36 0.44 0.22 0.20 0.11 0.17 0.32 0.33 0.25 0.28Telecommunications equipment 1.65 3.42 2.43 2.76 0.58 0.94 0.92 1.10 1.07 2.48 1.51 1.67Integrated circuits 0.23 0.16 0.05 0.12 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.20 0.13 0.04 0.10

Transport equipment 11.89 23.70 27.66 32.65 3.41 6.46 8.48 11.90 8.48 17.24 19.17 20.76Automotive products 6.93 17.32 18.73 21.56 3.18 6.03 8.03 11.16 3.75 11.29 10.70 10.40Other transport equipment 4.96 6.38 8.93 11.09 0.23 0.43 0.45 0.74 4.73 5.95 8.47 10.36

Other machinery 4.67 11.72 13.64 15.84 1.24 2.03 2.68 3.36 3.43 9.69 10.96 12.49Textiles 1.24 1.67 1.77 1.73 0.55 0.65 0.71 0.75 0.68 1.02 1.06 0.98Clothing 0.46 0.51 0.49 0.47 0.19 0.13 0.15 0.18 0.27 0.38 0.34 0.29Other manufactures 3.82 5.56 5.94 6.30 0.83 0.97 1.13 1.40 2.99 4.58 4.81 4.89 Personal and household goods 2.38 3.14 3.25 3.26 0.32 0.32 0.40 0.50 2.05 2.83 2.86 2.76 Scientific and controlling instruments 0.35 0.69 0.77 0.90 0.09 0.13 0.15 0.20 0.26 0.56 0.62 0.70 Miscellaneous manufactures 1.09 1.72 1.92 2.15 0.42 0.53 0.58 0.71 0.68 1.19 1.34 1.44

Total merchandise exports 84.59 190.25 223.73 278.35 17.73 25.81 32.44 41.59 66.86 164.44 191.28 236.76

ImportsAgricultural products 7.56 8.08 11.03 15.07 4.13 4.04 5.78 7.90 3.42 4.04 5.25 7.17

Food 5.92 5.92 8.48 11.97 3.77 3.64 5.33 7.41 2.15 2.29 3.15 4.56Fish 0.41 0.57 0.74 0.87 0.11 0.14 0.19 0.21 0.31 0.43 0.54 0.66Other food products 5.51 5.35 7.74 11.10 3.66 3.49 5.13 7.20 1.85 1.86 2.61 3.90

Raw materials 1.64 2.15 2.56 3.10 0.37 0.40 0.45 0.49 1.27 1.75 2.10 2.61Fuels and mining products 13.01 27.90 36.00 54.62 2.74 3.68 4.93 6.23 10.27 24.22 31.07 48.39

Ores and other minerals 0.98 2.87 3.27 5.13 0.33 0.89 0.84 1.23 0.65 1.99 2.44 3.90Fuels 10.52 21.65 28.30 44.44 2.23 2.42 3.59 4.49 8.29 19.23 24.70 39.95Non-ferrous metals 1.51 3.38 4.43 5.05 0.18 0.38 0.51 0.51 1.34 3.00 3.92 4.54

Manufactures 69.17 104.39 128.25 187.62 11.35 18.59 23.42 30.40 57.83 85.80 104.83 157.23Iron and steel 1.21 3.08 4.29 7.17 0.39 0.89 1.21 1.89 0.82 2.19 3.08 5.28Chemicals 16.15 25.25 34.56 49.22 2.24 4.15 4.99 6.03 13.91 21.10 29.57 43.19

Pharmaceuticals 2.83 4.25 5.51 6.80 0.26 0.26 0.29 0.35 2.57 3.99 5.22 6.45Other chemicals 13.32 21.00 29.05 42.42 1.98 3.89 4.70 5.68 11.34 17.10 24.35 36.74

Other semi-manufactures 5.77 8.01 10.17 13.40 1.61 2.04 2.47 2.96 4.16 5.97 7.70 10.44Machinery and transport equipment 37.54 56.22 64.26 97.47 5.55 9.73 12.71 17.11 31.99 46.49 51.55 80.37

Office and telecom equipment 11.97 17.40 12.81 24.75 0.81 1.23 1.19 1.45 11.16 16.17 11.62 23.30EDP and office equipment 3.48 5.16 5.35 7.29 0.21 0.19 0.15 0.15 3.27 4.97 5.20 7.14Telecommunications equipment 5.58 7.84 6.30 12.54 0.57 1.01 1.00 1.28 5.01 6.83 5.30 11.25Integrated circuits 2.92 4.41 1.16 4.93 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 2.89 4.37 1.12 4.91

Transport equipment 10.47 17.26 22.93 33.47 3.55 6.44 8.75 12.06 6.92 10.82 14.18 21.41Automotive products 7.64 12.77 16.73 24.16 3.33 6.13 8.35 11.48 4.32 6.64 8.39 12.69Other transport equipment 2.82 4.49 6.20 9.31 0.22 0.31 0.40 0.58 2.61 4.18 5.79 8.73

Other machinery 15.11 21.56 28.52 39.25 1.20 2.06 2.78 3.60 13.91 19.51 25.75 35.65Textiles 1.89 2.68 3.50 4.52 0.55 0.67 0.73 0.80 1.34 2.02 2.77 3.72Clothing 0.60 0.78 1.08 1.59 0.19 0.13 0.15 0.19 0.42 0.65 0.92 1.40Other manufactures 6.02 8.37 10.39 14.26 0.83 0.99 1.16 1.43 5.20 7.38 9.24 12.83 Personal and household goods 0.83 1.12 1.51 2.15 0.31 0.32 0.41 0.52 0.51 0.80 1.10 1.62 Scientific and controlling instruments 1.84 3.34 4.47 5.88 0.10 0.13 0.16 0.21 1.75 3.22 4.32 5.67 Miscellaneous manufactures 3.35 3.91 4.41 6.23 0.42 0.54 0.59 0.69 2.94 3.37 3.82 5.54

Total merchandise imports 89.87 140.67 184.10 258.96 18.22 26.32 34.25 44.54 71.64 114.35 149.85 214.43

Other origin/destinationMERCOSURWorld

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Table A31

Total merchandise trade of Andean Community by products and by origin/destination, 2000 and 2006-2008

(Million dollars)

Destination

2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2006 2007 2008

ExportsAgricultural products 7.36 13.41 15.16 18.29 0.51 0.91 0.95 1.13 6.86 12.51 14.21 17.16

Food 6.34 11.45 12.95 15.88 0.47 0.85 0.91 1.09 5.87 10.60 12.05 14.79Fish 0.90 1.89 2.00 2.53 0.05 0.09 0.09 0.12 0.85 1.80 1.92 2.41Other food products 5.44 9.56 10.95 13.35 0.43 0.76 0.82 0.97 5.02 8.80 10.13 12.38

Raw materials 1.02 1.97 2.20 2.41 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.99 1.91 2.16 2.37Fuels and mining products 11.27 33.37 39.05 50.62 0.51 1.70 2.09 2.26 10.76 31.67 36.96 48.36

Ores and other minerals 1.02 7.38 10.38 10.35 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.11 1.00 7.33 10.31 10.24Fuels 8.68 20.71 23.63 35.10 0.40 1.25 1.59 1.77 8.29 19.46 22.04 33.33Non-ferrous metals 1.57 5.27 5.03 5.18 0.10 0.39 0.43 0.38 1.47 4.88 4.61 4.80

Manufactures 6.09 12.97 16.64 17.95 1.01 2.59 2.90 3.64 5.09 10.38 13.74 14.31Iron and steel 0.36 1.50 2.05 1.43 0.03 0.11 0.11 0.18 0.33 1.40 1.94 1.25Chemicals 1.58 2.72 3.28 4.08 0.38 0.81 0.98 1.20 1.20 1.91 2.30 2.88

Pharmaceuticals 0.25 0.36 0.36 0.43 0.08 0.13 0.12 0.14 0.17 0.23 0.24 0.28Other chemicals 1.32 2.37 2.93 3.66 0.30 0.69 0.86 1.06 1.02 1.68 2.06 2.60

Other semi-manufactures 1.09 2.20 2.80 3.27 0.22 0.51 0.59 0.72 0.88 1.69 2.21 2.55Machinery and transport equipment 0.86 2.21 2.85 2.86 0.13 0.62 0.60 0.79 0.73 1.60 2.25 2.08

Office and telecom equipment 0.04 0.10 0.08 0.11 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.08 0.06 0.08EDP and office equipment 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03Telecommunications equipment 0.03 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.05Integrated circuits 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00

Transport equipment 0.46 1.27 1.59 1.23 0.05 0.40 0.32 0.44 0.41 0.87 1.27 0.79Automotive products 0.30 1.11 1.39 0.98 0.05 0.39 0.30 0.43 0.25 0.72 1.09 0.55Other transport equipment 0.16 0.16 0.20 0.26 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.16 0.15 0.19 0.24

Other machinery 0.36 0.84 1.17 1.53 0.07 0.19 0.26 0.32 0.29 0.64 0.92 1.21Textiles 0.45 0.66 0.96 1.36 0.11 0.19 0.21 0.23 0.33 0.46 0.75 1.13Clothing 1.06 2.24 2.82 2.92 0.03 0.09 0.11 0.14 1.03 2.15 2.71 2.79Other manufactures 0.70 1.44 1.89 2.01 0.11 0.26 0.30 0.38 0.59 1.18 1.59 1.62 Personal and household goods 0.17 0.33 0.55 0.61 0.02 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.15 0.26 0.48 0.53 Scientific and controlling instruments 0.03 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.05 Miscellaneous manufactures 0.50 1.05 1.27 1.32 0.09 0.19 0.21 0.28 0.42 0.86 1.06 1.04

Total merchandise exports 26.23 64.82 76.65 94.11 2.03 5.20 5.95 7.03 24.20 59.63 70.70 87.09

ImportsAgricultural products 3.42 5.78 7.62 10.27 0.56 0.91 1.03 1.37 2.87 4.87 6.60 8.90

Food 2.82 4.96 6.65 9.08 0.52 0.85 0.97 1.33 2.30 4.11 5.68 7.76Fish 0.08 0.17 0.25 0.52 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.16 0.03 0.08 0.13 0.36Other food products 2.73 4.79 6.40 8.56 0.46 0.76 0.85 1.17 2.27 4.03 5.55 7.39

Raw materials 0.61 0.82 0.97 1.19 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.57 0.77 0.92 1.14Fuels and mining products 2.16 7.71 9.29 13.00 0.51 2.02 2.29 2.53 1.65 5.69 7.00 10.48

Ores and other minerals 0.10 0.25 0.30 0.54 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.08 0.09 0.22 0.27 0.46Fuels 1.77 6.49 7.83 11.38 0.42 1.61 1.83 2.06 1.35 4.87 6.01 9.33Non-ferrous metals 0.30 0.98 1.15 1.08 0.09 0.38 0.43 0.39 0.21 0.60 0.73 0.69

Manufactures 18.53 42.51 52.84 69.50 1.19 3.27 3.87 4.76 17.34 39.25 48.97 64.75Iron and steel 0.97 2.96 3.93 6.37 0.04 0.11 0.11 0.17 0.93 2.85 3.82 6.20Chemicals 4.94 9.91 11.77 15.29 0.40 0.88 1.07 1.35 4.55 9.03 10.70 13.94

Pharmaceuticals 0.89 1.69 1.99 2.48 0.09 0.14 0.15 0.18 0.80 1.55 1.84 2.30Other chemicals 4.06 8.22 9.78 12.81 0.31 0.74 0.92 1.17 3.75 7.48 8.86 11.64

Other semi-manufactures 2.07 4.10 4.94 6.26 0.25 0.55 0.62 0.82 1.82 3.55 4.32 5.45Machinery and transport equipment 7.75 20.10 25.57 33.36 0.26 1.17 1.42 1.59 7.49 18.93 24.16 31.76

Office and telecom equipment 1.96 5.48 6.59 8.20 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.02 1.96 5.46 6.56 8.18EDP and office equipment 0.78 1.60 2.18 2.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.78 1.60 2.18 2.74Telecommunications equipment 1.14 3.74 4.23 5.25 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.02 1.14 3.71 4.21 5.23Integrated circuits 0.05 0.15 0.18 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.15 0.18 0.20

Transport equipment 2.29 7.00 8.95 11.51 0.18 0.94 1.12 1.22 2.12 6.06 7.83 10.29Automotive products 1.45 5.45 7.05 8.65 0.17 0.92 1.10 1.20 1.28 4.52 5.95 7.44Other transport equipment 0.85 1.55 1.89 2.86 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.84 1.54 1.88 2.84

Other machinery 3.49 7.62 10.04 13.65 0.08 0.21 0.27 0.35 3.41 7.42 9.77 13.30Textiles 0.88 1.47 1.75 1.98 0.12 0.20 0.23 0.26 0.77 1.27 1.53 1.71Clothing 0.19 0.46 0.65 0.84 0.02 0.09 0.12 0.16 0.16 0.37 0.53 0.69Other manufactures 1.73 3.52 4.23 5.41 0.11 0.28 0.31 0.41 1.62 3.24 3.92 5.00 Personal and household goods 0.24 0.66 0.85 1.05 0.02 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.22 0.59 0.77 0.96 Scientific and controlling instruments 0.38 0.89 1.09 1.38 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.38 0.88 1.07 1.36 Miscellaneous manufactures 1.11 1.97 2.30 2.98 0.08 0.20 0.22 0.30 1.03 1.77 2.08 2.68

Total merchandise imports 24.51 56.40 70.74 93.32 2.27 6.20 7.19 8.66 22.24 50.20 63.55 84.67

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Table A32

Total merchandise trade of ASEAN by products and by origin/destination, 2000 and 2006-2008

(Million dollars)

Destination

2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2006 2007 2008

ExportsAgricultural products 39.01 74.90 93.23 120.87 6.98 13.14 16.88 21.68 32.03 61.76 76.35 99.19

Food 30.13 53.28 69.57 94.01 5.78 10.22 13.61 18.16 24.34 43.06 55.96 75.85Fish 8.82 12.15 13.09 15.60 0.73 0.84 1.00 1.17 8.09 11.31 12.09 14.44Other food products 21.31 41.13 56.48 78.41 5.05 9.38 12.60 16.99 16.26 31.75 43.88 61.41

Raw materials 8.88 21.62 23.67 26.87 1.20 2.92 3.28 3.52 7.68 18.70 20.39 23.35Fuels and mining products 53.31 133.15 152.89 206.72 13.05 43.08 50.84 68.53 40.26 90.07 102.04 138.19

Ores and other minerals 3.37 9.60 12.16 10.66 0.45 0.88 1.46 1.53 2.92 8.72 10.70 9.14Fuels 46.00 112.20 125.88 181.04 11.14 37.11 42.84 59.91 34.86 75.09 83.05 121.13Non-ferrous metals 3.93 11.35 14.85 15.02 1.46 5.08 6.55 7.10 2.47 6.27 8.30 7.93

Manufactures 328.96 540.76 593.43 629.96 76.86 131.78 146.40 158.14 252.10 408.98 447.04 471.82Iron and steel 2.67 9.13 12.52 13.49 1.02 4.22 6.15 7.11 1.65 4.91 6.36 6.38Chemicals 21.24 56.80 68.18 70.81 6.63 16.11 18.99 21.85 14.61 40.69 49.19 48.95

Pharmaceuticals 1.32 5.81 7.26 6.94 0.37 0.68 0.84 0.92 0.95 5.13 6.42 6.02Other chemicals 19.93 50.99 60.92 63.87 6.26 15.43 18.14 20.93 13.66 35.56 42.78 42.94

Other semi-manufactures 20.31 35.12 39.49 46.13 4.13 8.38 9.74 12.22 16.18 26.74 29.75 33.92Machinery and transport equipment 226.13 350.84 375.09 390.59 58.21 90.19 97.13 100.81 167.92 260.65 277.96 289.78

Office and telecom equipment 178.32 249.01 257.26 256.17 41.48 55.25 56.71 53.88 136.85 193.76 200.55 202.28EDP and office equipment 71.47 86.62 89.53 90.33 13.47 16.33 17.09 17.41 58.00 70.29 72.44 72.92Telecommunications equipment 30.28 42.90 41.47 41.35 5.99 10.23 9.86 9.87 24.30 32.67 31.60 31.48Integrated circuits 76.57 119.49 126.26 124.50 22.02 28.68 29.76 26.61 54.55 90.81 96.50 97.89

Transport equipment 8.69 29.40 35.86 45.49 2.31 9.41 10.59 14.64 6.38 19.98 25.27 30.85Automotive products 4.39 16.62 21.00 26.46 1.06 4.61 5.70 8.03 3.33 12.01 15.30 18.43Other transport equipment 4.30 12.78 14.86 19.03 1.24 4.81 4.89 6.61 3.06 7.97 9.97 12.42

Other machinery 39.11 72.42 81.97 88.93 14.42 25.53 29.84 32.28 24.69 46.90 52.14 56.65Textiles 8.49 10.25 11.00 11.31 1.77 2.31 2.53 2.77 6.71 7.94 8.47 8.54Clothing 19.10 26.33 27.95 30.57 0.62 0.83 0.88 1.01 18.48 25.51 27.07 29.56Other manufactures 31.03 52.29 59.20 67.06 4.49 9.74 10.97 12.37 26.54 42.55 48.24 54.69 Personal and household goods 10.42 15.26 16.74 18.99 0.52 0.81 1.06 1.29 9.90 14.46 15.68 17.70 Scientific and controlling instruments 3.44 8.68 9.76 10.59 0.76 2.44 2.49 2.64 2.68 6.24 7.26 7.96 Miscellaneous manufactures 17.17 28.35 32.71 37.48 3.21 6.50 7.41 8.45 13.96 21.85 25.30 29.03

Total merchandise exports 432.03 769.59 863.68 990.18 98.70 191.62 218.21 252.16 333.33 577.97 645.47 738.02

ImportsAgricultural products 24.58 40.34 49.37 64.86 5.95 12.08 15.10 19.82 18.63 28.27 34.27 45.05

Food 17.85 30.97 38.86 51.30 4.46 9.17 11.95 15.94 13.40 21.81 26.91 35.36Fish 1.72 3.18 3.47 4.51 0.57 1.07 1.18 1.38 1.15 2.10 2.30 3.14Other food products 16.13 27.80 35.38 46.79 3.88 8.09 10.77 14.56 12.25 19.71 24.61 32.23

Raw materials 6.73 9.37 10.52 13.56 1.49 2.91 3.15 3.88 5.24 6.46 7.37 9.69Fuels and mining products 49.10 141.08 160.10 231.84 12.75 46.12 51.81 71.99 36.35 94.96 108.29 159.85

Ores and other minerals 2.71 5.55 7.55 10.77 0.66 1.03 1.43 1.97 2.05 4.52 6.12 8.80Fuels 40.20 117.52 131.91 198.65 11.19 40.93 45.59 64.70 29.01 76.60 86.32 133.95Non-ferrous metals 6.19 18.01 20.64 22.42 0.90 4.16 4.79 5.32 5.29 13.85 15.85 17.09

Manufactures 300.33 489.94 548.28 615.79 66.59 110.57 121.64 130.52 233.74 379.37 426.64 485.27Iron and steel 10.26 26.76 37.37 46.15 0.71 2.60 3.88 4.45 9.54 24.16 33.49 41.70Chemicals 32.32 59.27 67.82 81.90 6.40 14.46 16.61 18.00 25.92 44.81 51.21 63.91

Pharmaceuticals 2.61 5.32 6.12 7.03 0.27 0.45 0.53 0.63 2.33 4.87 5.59 6.40Other chemicals 29.71 53.95 61.70 74.87 6.13 14.01 16.08 17.37 23.58 39.94 45.62 57.50

Other semi-manufactures 17.63 29.95 33.76 40.63 3.91 7.53 8.38 10.50 13.72 22.43 25.38 30.13Machinery and transport equipment 205.13 319.12 349.13 378.50 49.43 75.23 80.67 83.68 155.71 243.89 268.46 294.82

Office and telecom equipment 122.69 187.28 195.12 192.81 36.65 50.59 52.76 49.33 86.04 136.69 142.36 143.48EDP and office equipment 29.53 43.32 46.52 47.88 11.65 15.79 15.80 15.16 17.88 27.52 30.72 32.71Telecommunications equipment 16.97 32.45 32.81 34.93 4.92 8.01 7.22 6.84 12.05 24.44 25.59 28.10Integrated circuits 76.20 111.52 115.80 110.00 20.08 26.79 29.74 27.33 56.11 84.73 86.05 82.67

Transport equipment 18.81 35.35 45.63 59.16 1.73 6.46 8.11 12.15 17.08 28.89 37.52 47.01Automotive products 10.35 16.15 19.49 26.24 0.80 4.01 4.91 6.96 9.55 12.14 14.59 19.28Other transport equipment 8.46 19.20 26.14 32.92 0.93 2.45 3.20 5.19 7.54 16.75 22.94 27.73

Other machinery 63.63 96.49 108.38 126.53 11.05 18.18 19.80 22.20 52.58 78.31 88.58 104.33Textiles 9.87 14.62 16.32 18.22 1.24 1.79 1.94 2.14 8.63 12.82 14.39 16.07Clothing 2.90 3.91 4.02 4.16 1.18 1.18 1.15 1.10 1.72 2.73 2.87 3.06Other manufactures 22.24 36.32 39.87 46.24 3.73 7.79 9.01 10.66 18.51 28.53 30.86 35.58 Personal and household goods 1.91 2.90 3.46 4.20 0.46 0.70 0.77 0.96 1.45 2.20 2.69 3.24 Scientific and controlling instruments 6.82 12.26 12.63 14.11 0.61 1.74 1.94 2.12 6.21 10.52 10.69 11.99 Miscellaneous manufactures 13.50 21.15 23.77 27.93 2.66 5.35 6.30 7.58 10.84 15.80 17.47 20.35

Total merchandise imports 380.67 688.00 775.46 936.69 86.39 174.10 193.74 229.14 294.29 513.90 581.72 707.55

Other origin/destinationASEANWorld

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Table A33

(Indices 2005=100)

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2

Food and beverages 93 81 80 81 83 87 98 100 110 127 157 163 173 166 125 128 140Food 90 79 81 82 84 88 100 100 111 127 157 164 175 166 124 126 139

Cereals 93 81 78 82 94 95 102 100 122 159 222 238 257 230 163 165 171Wheat 83 74 75 83 97 96 103 100 126 167 214 270 227 208 150 152 163Maize 103 92 90 91 101 107 114 100 124 166 227 224 263 249 171 170 179Rice 106 87 71 60 67 69 85 100 106 116 243 179 331 262 201 217 200Barley 89 80 81 99 115 110 104 100 123 181 211 228 251 228 136 122 136

Vegetable oils and protein meals 95 75 72 70 82 96 111 100 103 143 193 210 221 203 137 138 165Meat 72 72 79 85 80 82 100 100 95 99 103 96 106 114 97 96 99

Beef 66 70 74 81 80 76 96 100 97 99 102 100 100 112 96 94 100Lamb 72 72 70 81 91 99 103 100 96 101 106 106 115 110 93 84 90Swine meat 67 66 88 91 70 79 105 100 94 94 96 79 105 114 84 84 86Poultry 85 81 80 86 85 90 102 100 94 106 115 107 113 120 118 117 118

Seafood 111 109 112 99 85 84 88 100 121 113 113 116 120 121 97 104 121Fish 92 88 90 71 72 74 82 100 125 112 119 121 128 131 97 104 129Shrimp 167 172 180 181 124 117 105 100 105 116 91 95 90 81 96 104 87

Sugar 90 71 81 82 70 77 83 100 133 102 117 120 114 126 107 113 131Bananas 85 65 73 101 91 65 91 100 118 117 146 144 158 135 148 153 150Oranges 53 52 43 71 67 81 101 100 98 114 132 131 157 138 100 95 103

Beverages 117 92 78 66 76 80 83 100 108 123 152 153 159 164 132 141 145Coffee 124 97 76 54 54 59 70 100 112 129 150 161 155 157 127 127 131Cocoa beans 109 73 59 70 115 114 100 100 103 127 167 159 180 182 145 168 168Tea 110 107 115 92 83 90 92 100 112 98 125 114 125 143 116 122 131

Agricultural raw materials 88 89 93 88 90 93 98 100 109 114 113 116 118 118 100 87 87Timber 82 92 90 83 82 86 96 100 108 107 109 106 108 110 111 109 105Cotton 119 96 107 87 84 115 112 100 105 115 129 138 137 138 104 99 109Wool 73 73 83 78 101 113 105 100 104 144 138 163 154 139 95 88 108Rubber 48 42 46 40 51 72 87 100 140 153 174 184 203 201 109 98 110Hides and skins 117 110 122 129 123 104 102 100 105 110 98 100 103 104 84 52 49

Minerals and non-ferrous metals (excludingcrude petroleum) 53 53 59 53 52 58 79 100 156 183 169 190 192 176 117 96 111

Copper 45 43 49 43 42 48 78 100 183 194 189 213 230 209 106 94 127Aluminum 71 72 82 76 71 75 90 100 135 139 136 145 155 147 96 72 79Iron ore 48 42 44 46 45 49 58 100 119 130 216 216 216 216 216 156 156Tin 75 73 74 61 55 66 115 100 119 196 250 241 305 276 178 150 184Nickel 31 41 58 40 46 65 94 100 163 251 143 196 174 129 74 72 88Zinc 74 78 82 64 56 60 76 100 237 235 137 177 154 129 87 86 107Lead 54 52 47 49 46 53 91 100 132 265 215 299 236 196 128 119 154Uranium 37 36 30 31 35 40 65 100 171 355 230 283 227 226 183 169 169

Total of above 76 71 74 71 72 76 91 100 123 140 151 161 167 159 117 110 120Energy 26 34 54 47 47 55 72 100 119 132 185 178 224 219 117 93 111

Natural gas 34 34 60 60 48 63 70 100 115 117 174 147 175 191 182 146 104Crude petroleum 25 34 53 46 47 54 71 100 121 133 182 179 227 216 105 83 111Coal 58 51 53 65 54 57 113 100 104 138 266 239 287 342 196 151 138

All primary commodities 41 45 59 54 54 61 77 100 121 135 172 172 203 197 117 99 115

Export prices of primary commodities, 1998-2009

2008 2009

Note: The indices are period averages based on dollar prices. The quarterly figures are not seasonally adjusted. For sources and methods, see the Metadata.

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Table A34

(Indices 2000=100)

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Total MerchandiseGermany 117 111 100 98 103 123 136 138 142 157 171Japan 96 99 100 91 88 91 96 96 94 95 101United States 100 98 100 99 98 100 104 107 111 116 123

Agricultural Products Germany 119 111 100 99 105 124 136 137 144 168 187United States 101 98 100 99 99 107 117 117 122 142 168

Fuels and mining productsGermany 95 90 100 98 98 117 143 163 205 235 271United States 78 80 100 96 92 103 130 168 205 219 255

ManufacturesGermany 118 113 100 98 103 123 136 137 138 152 165Japan 96 99 100 91 87 91 95 95 91 92 98United States 100 100 100 100 99 99 101 103 106 109 113

Iron and steelGermany 118 104 100 96 99 123 155 177 185 223 255Japan 101 97 100 90 95 107 139 165 165 187 232United States 103 98 100 97 101 106 148 160 ... ... ...

ChemicalsGermany 116 110 100 98 103 123 136 141 147 164 185Japan 87 88 100 90 87 97 114 123 126 134 146United States 98 97 100 96 95 100 108 118 124 130 141

Machinery and transport equipmentGermany 118 114 100 98 103 123 134 132 132 143 153Japan 98 101 100 91 87 89 91 89 84 83 86United States 101 100 100 100 99 98 98 98 98 99 100

Office and telecom equipmentGermany 124 117 100 95 98 112 116 104 97 94 92Japan 100 103 100 86 77 71 69 63 57 53 52United States 110 104 100 96 91 87 84 80 76 73 70

Automotive productsGermany 116 113 100 98 104 124 136 137 140 153 165Japan 104 104 100 95 97 109 114 113 112 113 116United States 98 99 100 100 101 101 102 103 104 105 106

TextilesGermany 121 114 100 98 104 125 137 138 141 156 170Japan 88 95 100 94 91 94 103 106 105 107 116United States 104 101 100 98 100 102 105 110 ... ... ...

ClothingGermany 120 115 100 97 104 125 138 138 140 153 165United States 107 104 100 98 98 97 97 97 ... ... ...

Memorandum item: World, unit value indices

Total merchandise 99 98 100 96 97 108 120 128 136 148 168 Agricultural products 108 103 100 99 101 114 126 129 135 154 178 Fuels and mining products 61 71 100 91 90 106 134 179 221 246 325 Manufactures 105 103 100 97 98 107 116 119 122 130 140

Export prices of Germany, Japan and the United States by commodity group, 1998-2008

Note: For sources and product group definitions, see the Metadata .

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Table A35

(Indices 2000=100)

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Total merchandiseGermany 109 104 100 98 101 118 131 137 144 158 177Japan 87 90 100 91 87 93 103 114 124 131 163United States 93 94 100 96 94 97 102 110 115 120 134

Agricultural Products Germany 120 109 100 98 103 122 133 136 141 164 186Japan 97 101 100 93 93 101 113 113 117 134 159United States 102 100 100 97 97 101 110 116 117 123 135

Fuels and mining productsGermany 66 71 100 96 93 111 139 181 230 257 330Japan 66 72 100 94 89 102 124 164 204 223 320United States 52 64 100 86 85 103 131 177 210 232 305

Manufactures Germany 118 111 100 98 102 118 129 128 129 140 150Japan 97 100 100 88 84 86 90 89 88 89 97United States 102 100 100 99 97 97 98 100 100 102 107

Iron and steelGermany 118 103 100 94 99 125 167 191 195 247 282Japan 97 93 100 79 80 101 140 155 152 193 284United States 99 93 100 94 96 101 141 158 163 191 256

ChemicalsGermany 113 106 100 99 101 120 134 141 149 169 190Japan 89 92 100 93 90 102 114 121 126 133 158United States 98 97 100 100 98 100 105 113 118 126 139

Machinery and transport equipmentGermany 120 113 100 97 101 116 124 118 115 121 125Japan 100 102 100 86 80 79 80 77 74 73 77United States 103 101 100 98 97 96 95 95 94 95 96

Office and telecom equipmentGermany 124 114 100 95 97 104 105 92 83 77 72Japan 104 104 100 78 68 64 63 57 52 50 50United States 111 104 100 95 91 86 81 77 74 72 69

Automotive productsGermany 119 114 100 98 104 124 138 139 141 154 168Japan 93 99 100 91 89 99 108 106 103 102 113United States 99 100 100 100 100 101 103 104 104 105 108

TextilesGermany 119 114 100 99 104 125 135 136 138 151 163United States 102 100 100 98 98 101 104 104 ... ... ...

ClothingGermany 117 112 100 98 104 120 130 129 131 142 152Japan 96 102 100 92 89 92 96 96 94 94 104United States 102 101 100 100 100 101 101 101 101 102 103

Import prices of Germany, Japan and the United States by commodity group, 1998-2008

Note : For sources and product group definitions, see the Metadata.

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9 789287 036971

ISBN 978-92-870-3697-1

Intern

ation

al Trad

e Statistics 2

00

9W

orld Trade Organization

InternationalTradeStatistics

2009

2009

International Trade Statistics 2009 offers a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in world trade, covering the details of merchandise trade by product and trade in commercial services by category.

Each chapter is introduced by a highlights section that identifi es the most salient trends in the data and illustrates them with numerous charts and maps. There is also a methodological chapter that explains essential concepts and defi nitions used in compiling the statistics, and an appendix with detailed data on trade by region.

International Trade Statistics 2009 serves as an invaluable reference for researchers, policy makers and anyone interested in international trade.