World War IWorld War I

AP World HistoryAP World History

CausesCauses

European rivalriesEuropean rivalriesCompetition over new markets Competition over new markets & empires& empires

NationalismNationalismUnification, Alsace Lorraine, Unification, Alsace Lorraine, Slavic issues, Balkan warsSlavic issues, Balkan wars

MilitarismMilitarismGlorification of war & military, Glorification of war & military, conscription, increased size of conscription, increased size of armies and naviesarmies and navies

AlliancesAlliancesTriple Alliance – Triple Alliance – Germany, Germany, Austria-Hungary, & ItalyAustria-Hungary, & ItalyTriple Entente – Triple Entente – France, France, Russia, and Great BritainRussia, and Great Britain

The SparkThe Spark

June 28, 1914 June 28, 1914 Archduke Francis Ferdinand Archduke Francis Ferdinand (heir to the Austro-Hungarian (heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne) is assassinated by a throne) is assassinated by a Serbian nationalist groupSerbian nationalist group

Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary blames Serbiablames SerbiaImposes severe conditionsImposes severe conditions

Russia supports Russia supports SerbiaSerbiaMobilizes forces and Germany Mobilizes forces and Germany declares wardeclares war

The WarThe War

Greeted with enthusiasm Greeted with enthusiasm by manyby manyBelieved it would be a six month warBelieved it would be a six month war

Alliance system dragged Alliance system dragged the entire continent into the entire continent into warwarGermany invades neutral Germany invades neutral Belgium & Britain declares warBelgium & Britain declares war

Schlieffen Plan - German Schlieffen Plan - German plan to defeat French in six plan to defeat French in six weeks & then turn and weeks & then turn and defeat the Russiansdefeat the RussiansFailed with the Battle of the Failed with the Battle of the Marne (Paris was saved)Marne (Paris was saved)

1914-19161914-1916Battle of Tannenberg (Poland-Battle of Tannenberg (Poland-1914) – severe Russian defeat 1914) – severe Russian defeat Western Front - stalemateWestern Front - stalemateBattle of Verdun (1916)Battle of Verdun (1916)Battle of Somme(1916)Battle of Somme(1916)

Gallipoli (Turkey – 1915)Gallipoli (Turkey – 1915)Allied invasion of Turkey by Australians & New Allied invasion of Turkey by Australians & New ZealandersZealandersAllies withdraw in 1916Allies withdraw in 1916

Innovations:Innovations: Poison gas, submarine warfare, machine Poison gas, submarine warfare, machine gun, airplane, tank, and trench warfaregun, airplane, tank, and trench warfare Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, & Hungary, Ottoman Empire, & BulgariaBulgariaAllies: France, Great Britain, and Allies: France, Great Britain, and Italy (had changed sides), (U.S. will Italy (had changed sides), (U.S. will join)join)

19171917

U.S enters warU.S enters warPublic opinion had been dividedPublic opinion had been dividedLusitaniaLusitania sunk in 1915 (pg. 755) sunk in 1915 (pg. 755)Zimmerman telegramZimmerman telegramUnrestricted submarine warfareUnrestricted submarine warfare

Russian RevolutionRussian RevolutionTerrible hardships caused by warTerrible hardships caused by warSoldiers & civilians sufferSoldiers & civilians sufferBread riots in St. PetersburgBread riots in St. PetersburgCzar Nicholas II abdicatesCzar Nicholas II abdicates

Provisional Government Provisional Government takes over in Russiatakes over in RussiaDoes not withdraw from warDoes not withdraw from war

Civil War in RussiaCivil War in Russia

Two groups vie for Two groups vie for control of Russiacontrol of RussiaMensheviks & BolsheviksMensheviks & Bolsheviks

Mensheviks Mensheviks The majorityThe majorityBelieved in a mass led Believed in a mass led socialist revolutionsocialist revolution

BolsheviksBolsheviksLed by Vladimir LeninLed by Vladimir LeninThe minorityThe minorityBelieved in a socialist Believed in a socialist revolution led by a small grouprevolution led by a small group

Civil War in RussiaCivil War in Russia

Three year warThree year warRed Army defeats the Red Army defeats the White ArmyWhite ArmyCzar & family are killed in Czar & family are killed in 19181918Bolsheviks now call Bolsheviks now call themselves cthemselves communists ommunists Treaty of Brest-Litovsk - Treaty of Brest-Litovsk - Lenin signed to end war Lenin signed to end war with Germanywith GermanyLose much western territory Lose much western territory and 1/3 of populationand 1/3 of population

World War I EndsWorld War I Ends

American entrance tips American entrance tips scales in Allies’ favorscales in Allies’ favorGained industrial & human Gained industrial & human resourcesresources

Was a global warWas a global warAsia, Africa, & Middle East alsoAsia, Africa, & Middle East also

9 million soldiers killed9 million soldiers killed21 million soldiers 21 million soldiers woundedwounded13 million civilian 13 million civilian casualtiescasualties

Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson

Proposes Proposes Fourteen Fourteen Points Points to prevent to prevent future warsfuture warsNo reparationsNo reparations

League of NationsLeague of Nations

Recognition of freedom of the Recognition of freedom of the seas & tradeseas & trade

Limitations on armsLimitations on arms

Self ruleSelf rule

End of secret alliancesEnd of secret alliances

Just settlement of colonial claimsJust settlement of colonial claims

Treaty of Versailles (1919)Treaty of Versailles (1919)

Very severe on Germany – Very severe on Germany – was meant to be punitivewas meant to be punitiveReduced German armyReduced German armyBanned conscriptionBanned conscriptionBanned manufacture of major war Banned manufacture of major war weaponsweaponsReduced Germany’s size Reduced Germany’s size Alsace-Lorraine was returned to Alsace-Lorraine was returned to FranceFranceTreaty of Brest-Litovsk was revokedTreaty of Brest-Litovsk was revokedAllied forces would occupy the Allied forces would occupy the Rhineland region of GermanyRhineland region of GermanyStripped Germany of all overseas Stripped Germany of all overseas coloniescoloniesDemanded that Germany accept Demanded that Germany accept blame for the war & pay war blame for the war & pay war reparationsreparations

Results of World War IResults of World War I

Loss of global power for EuropeLoss of global power for Europe

Rise of the U.S. and JapanRise of the U.S. and Japan

Rise of Bolshevism in RussiaRise of Bolshevism in Russia

Increased nationalism among European Increased nationalism among European colonies around the worldcolonies around the world

Political and social power shifts in several Political and social power shifts in several nationsnations