World War I

“The Great War”

1914-1918

Ms. CarpenterDuluth MiddleSocial Studies

Rivalry Between Nations

Industrialization created rivalries among European countries.

Great Britain, France, Germany, and other European countries needed natural resources for their factories.

They also needed markets were they could sell their products.

Imperialism: European countries claimed land in Africa and Asia to set up colonies.

European countries also built up large armies and navies to protect their empires.

Countries formed alliances with one another and agreed to support one another in times of war.

World War IWhy did it start? nationalism, militarism,

and alliances

June 28, 1914, Gavrilo Princip assassinates Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife Sophie of Austria-Hungary in Sarajevo. Princip had ties to a Serbian terrorist group.

What events started WW1

July 23rd: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia because of assassination of Archduke Ferdinand.

April 6,1917: USA declares war on Germany in retaliation for the sinking of the Lusitania cruise ship on May 7, 1915 and the resumption of unrestricted warfare.

World War IThe Allied Powers

Serbia Great Britain France Russia Italy Japan United States Belgium Montenegro Romania Portugal China

Liberia Greece Siam San Marino Panama Cuba Brazil Guatemala Haiti Honduras Costa Rica Nicaragua

World War IThe Central Powers

Austria-HungaryGermanyBulgariaOttoman Empire (Turkey)

World War IWeaponry

The methods of the Industrial Revolution were used to mass-produce deadly weapons. airplane submarine tank machine gun mustard gas

World War IWhere did they fight? In Europe, trench warfare developed,

especially along the western front between France and Germany.

in northern Africa in the skies above Europe - “dog

fights” between planes in the Atlantic, with Germany’s

unrestricted warfare and dangerous U-boats

World War IHow did it end? American troops arrived in Europe and

Africa. Paris Peace Conference Treaty of Versailles The Big Four

Woodrow Wilson, American President David Lloyd George, British Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau, French Premier Vittorio Orlando, Italian Premier

World War IThe Effects Russian Revolution – 1917 revolution

begun by Vladimir Lenin and led to a communist government in Russia

Germany was blamed for starting the war and was asked to pay for the damage leaving the country in financial ruins.

The Austrian-Hungarian empire was dismantled.

The Ottoman Empire was destroyed. World War II

The Time Between the Wars

The Roaring 20s and the Great Depression

The Great Depression

When the United States stock market crashed on October 29, 1929, the world’s economy collapsed.

The Early 1930s nations struggled through depressions businesses went broke millions of people were out of work banks closed poverty spread throughout the world The climate was perfect for the rise of

dictators such as Adolf Hitler (Germany) and Benito Mussolini (Italy).

This period is known as the Great Depression.

Paris in 1930

London in 1930

Germany Germany depended heavily on American

loans. The Wall Street Crash (Black Tuesday)

placed more pressure for Germany to repay US loans.

rampant hyperinflation = useless currency massive unemployment (5 million in 1932,

20% of total population) production fell 40% Germany turned to Adolf Hitler and the Nazi

Party to solve the German economic crisis.

The deutschmarkGermany’s currency

The deutschmark in 1923 was only good for making kites

…and burning in a stove for heat.

Germans wanted someone to blame for their misfortune.

The Nazi party offered Jews as the scapegoat.

Children were often organized in youth groupsand taught Nazi dogma.

• Germans were told to boycott Jewish businesses.

• Kristallnacht (the Night of Broken Glass) was a night of destruction aimed at Jewish homes and businesses.